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As the basis of many algorithms,the breadth-first search(BFS) algorithm for big graph data has attracted more and more interests industrially and academically.Among the researches on BFS for the big graph,the solid state disk(SSD) is utilized to improve algorithm performance.In the graph traversal,the storage devices are required to continuously and repeatedly load data to fulfill the demand of graph traversal.However,many operations of data wipe caused by continuously and repeatedly loading data severely degrade the lifetime of SSD.For this reason,the lifetime of SSD can be effectively extended by reducing the data for write operations.Firstly,combined with the characteristics of graph structure,the data reuse model is constructed for describing the levels of data reuse in graph traversal.Then,a heuristic priority access algorithm based on vertex degree is proposed.By judging the independence of vertexes,the proposed algorithm selects graph vertexes that are priority accessed for improving the probability of data reusing,increasing hit ratio,and reducing the wear of flash memory.This method is available to any BFS algorithms and datasets without modifying BFS algorithm and big graph data.In the end,simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm are effective.By applying the proposed algorithm on three common BFS algorithms:BFS-4K,B40C,and Gunrock,it can effectively reduce the operations of data written in graph traversal and improve the lifetime of SSD 12%,15%,22%,respectively.

Objective To investigate the role of aliskiren (AL) in the angiotensinII/ angiotensin 1-7 (AngII/Ang1-7) signal pathway in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including normal group, diabetes group, AL group and valsartan (Val) group. Animal models of diabetes were induced by high fat diet combined with small dose of streptozotocin injection. Rats in AL group were administered 50 mg/(kg.d) AL by gavage, and rats in Val group were administered 30 mg/(kg.d)Val by gavage. 24-hour urine protein (24 h-UP) were observed by Coomassie blue colorimetry at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after modeling, serum creatinine was detected by automatic biochemical analyser, kidney index [kidneys mass(g)/body mass (kg)] was measured. HE and PAS staining were used to observe renal pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ACE2, MAS receptor, AT1R and AT2R in the kidney. Results After 6 weeks of modeling, there was no significant difference in creatinine level among groups. The levels of glucose, 24 h-UP and kidney index in diabetes group, AL group and Val group significantly increased. Compared with diabetes group, the levels of 24 h-UP and kidney index were lower in AL group and Val group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of AT2R and ACE2 was lower and the expression of MAS receptor was higher in AL group than diabetes group and Val group. Compared to normal group and Val group, AT1R expression was significantly up-regulated in AL group, without significant difference between diabetes group and AL group. Conclusion AL down-regulates the expression of AT2R and ACE2, thus inhibits the AngII/ Ang1-7 signal axis and improves/alleviates the symptoms in diabetic rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on antibacterial properties for titanium (Ti) metal surface., Methods: Ti disks were treated via sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) and alkali-heat treatment (AHT) to build the micor/nano-structure, on which AMPs were spin-coated with a certain amount (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 μg). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe the surface structure and characterize the surface elements (i.e. contents of C, N, O, and Ti). Ti disks loaded with AMPs of difference amounts were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) for 24 hours. After that, the formation and dimension of antibacterial circle were measured. Furthermore, the Ti disks treated with different approaches (untreated, SLA treatment, SLA+THA treatment, and loaded with 90 μg AMPs) were co-cultured with S. aureus and Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) for 3 hours, bacterial adhesion on the disks were evaluated by using SEM. The antibacterial performances in solution were quantitatively evaluated by immersing the Ti disks in bacterial solutions and measuring the absorbance ( A ) values., Results: It was found that the nanoporous structure could be easily constructed by SLA+AHT approach. After spin-coating AMPs, the nanopores with the diameter less than 200 nm were almost covered. According to the element analysis, with the increase of AMPs, the C content gradually increased; the N content was not detected until AMPs amount reached 70 μg on the disks. The diameter of antibacterial circle clearly depended on the AMPs amount. The Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs had significantly larger antibacterial circles than the other Ti disks ( P <0.05). Based on the SEM observation, the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs has the least bacterial attachment compared with the other Ti disks ( P <0.05). The A value of bacterial solution immersed with the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs was much lower than the other Ti disks ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The approach of micro/nano-structure and AMPs can improve the antibacterial properties of Ti metal surface.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of combination therapy with Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet and entecavir in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis., Methods: A total of 163 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis were recruited for treatment between March 2010 and August 2012, and divided into the following three groups:group A (n =56) received Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablet plus entecavir; group B (n =52) received entecavir only; and group C (n =55) received Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet only. Enzyme-linked immunoassay methods were used to measure serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagen (PCIV) and prolyl endopeptidase (PLD). The grade of liver fibrosis was determined upon liver biopsy, and score of liver stiffness was measured by FibroScan., Results: All three treatment groups showed significant decreases from baseline in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HBV DNA, HA, LN, PCIV and PLD (all P < 0.05). However, the changes in HA, LN, PCIV and PLD levels were significantly greater in group A than in either group B or C (P < 0.05). All three treatment groups showed significant improvements from baseline in liver fibrosis grade and liver stiffness score (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of group A was 82.14%, which was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Combination therapy of Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet plus entecavir is effective for treating HBV-related cirrhosis.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tissue-selecting therapy (TST) in treatment of mixed hemorrhoids., Methods: A single-blind randomized study was carried out. A total of 120 patients with mixed hemorrhoids from January to December 2012 were prospectively enrolled in the study and equally divided into two groups, TST group and procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH) group. Surgical data, efficacy and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups., Results: As compared to PPH group, patients in TST group had shorter operation time [(15.9±5.18) min vs. (22.6±7.1) min, P<0.05], lower scores of rectal urgency (0.5±0.2 vs. 1.5±1.4, P<0.05), and shorter hospital stay [(11.2±3.7) d vs. (14.8±3.7) d, P<0.05]. No anastomotic stricture case was found in TST group, while 11 cases(18.3%) developed anastomotic stricture in PPH group. There were no significant differences in effective rate and pain score of first defecation between the two groups., Conclusion: TST is reliable and safe for mixed hemorrhoids with the advantage of simple, rapid recovery and less complications.

Objective: To investigate the effect of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang(1-7)] on the transdifferentiation of normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelia cells (NRK52E) under hypoxic condition induced by cobaltous chloride (Co) and the underlying mechanism., Methods: NRK52E cells were divided into control group, Co group, Co+Ang-(1-7) group and Ang-(1-7) group and cultured for 6 d. Expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-lα) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of p-ERK1/2 and ELISA to measure the content of collagen type 1 (Col I) in the culture supernatant., Results: Compared with the control group, the expressions of HIF-lα, α-SMA, Col Iand p-ERK1/2 in the Co group and the Co+Ang-(1-7) group increased significantly (P<0.05) 6 d later. Compared with the Co group, the expressions of HIF-lα, α-SMA, Col Iand p-ERK1/2 in the Co+Ang-(1-7) group decreased significantly (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Ang-(1-7) can inhibit Co-induced rats' tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reduce the production of extracellular matrix. Inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway may play an important role in this process.