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In order to analyze the influence of the national coordination system under surplus and deficiency adjustment on regional differences of basic pension income and expenditure, based on the actuarial forecast of basic pension income and expenditure from 2021 to 2050, the Theil index and spatial econometrics methods were used to measure the spatial-temporal differences. The result shows that the surplus and deficiency adjustment system can alleviate the short-term pressure on the income and expenditure of the basic pension and delay the deficit time, but it can't change the trend of long-term fund gap and regional gap; The surplus and deficiency adjustment system can reduce the regional differences of basic pension income and expenditure, but in the long run, the adjustment force is getting smaller and smaller, and the basic pension income and expenditure still has obvious spatial heterogeneity; The income and expenditure of basic pension were spatially dependent, and the regions with high income and expenditure ratio and low income and expenditure ratio showed concentrated distribution characteristics. In the future, it is necessary to timely enrich the overall adjustment fund, ensure the long-term supply of the overall adjustment fund, formulate differentiated support policies, and optimize economic spatial layout, in order to delay the deficit time and reduce regional disparities.

A new structure of film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) based on phononic crystal (PnC) was proposed.The phononic crystal was used as the acoustic reflection layer at the bottom of the bulk acoustic wave resonator, which has the characteristics of high reflectivity and low transmittance of elastic wave in its band gap.The band gap characteristics of four kinds of phononic crystals with different structures were calculated by the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics.The main conclusions are as follows.If the bulk acoustic resonator is working within the band gap of the phononic crystal, PnC can be used as the bottom acoustic reflection layer of the FBAR.With using PnC as the acoustic energy reflect structure, the impedance curve of FBAR is smooth, and the quality factor is closed to traditional FBAR with a value of 859 and effective mechanical coupling coefficient of 6.32%.

Objective:To analyze the correlation in the changes of cerebral gray matter volume and the ability of memory learning, and the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in related brain regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) double-transgenic APP/PS1 model mice, which is expected to provide reliable behavioral and imaging basis for probing the pathological features of AD animal models.Methods:A total of two groups mice were included in this study, including the wild type (WT) group and the APP/PS1 group, with 36 mice in each group. The C57-BL/6 mice were selected in the WT group, and APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were selected in the APP/PS1 group. The two groups were composed of mice of different ages of 2,6, and 12 months respectively, with 12 mice of each month in each group. The Morris water maze test (including location navigation test and spatial exploration test) was used to detect the spatial memory learning ability and spatial memory extraction ability of the two groups of mice, and the magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging (MRI T2WI) scan was used to detect the changes of gray matter volume in the bilateral entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of mice. The brain paraffin sections of two groups of mice of different months were separated and prepared, and the Aβ deposition in bilateral entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of the two groups was detected by Thioflavine-s fluorescence staining, and the correlation between the changes of gray matter volume and memory learning ability and Aβ deposition in the corresponding brain area of the two groups was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:①The results of Morris water maze test: compared with the WT group, there was no significant difference in the behavioral results of the 2-month-old mice in the APP/PS1 group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); the escape latency of mice of the APP/PS1 group at the 6 and 12 month-old increased significantly, the number of crossing platforms of the APP/PS1 group at the 6 and 12 month-old decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (PP>0.05); the volume of the entorhinal cortex of the APP/PS1 group at 6-month-old decreased significantly, and the volume of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of the APP/PS1 group at 12-month-old mice decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (Pr=-0.729, Pr=-0.643, Pr=0.705, Pr=0.719, Pr=-0.865, Pr=-0.885, P

Purposes In order to effectively alleviate the urban flood caused by extreme rainstorm weather, the site selection and quantity optimization of rainwater storage tanks (SST) in urban rainwater drainage system were investigated. Methods Game theory (GT) was used to combine the subjective weights obtained by the analytic hierarchy process with the objective weights obtained by the improved entropy value method. Furthermore, the grey relevance analysis (GRA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were combined to establish a quantitative assessment framework for urban waterlogging and non-point source pollution risks. The risk level was determined according to the relative proximity of each node, and SST was set for the node with higher risks. The number of SST was then optimized according to the reduction rates of stagnant water and total suspended solids. With Changzhi City, Shanxi province as an example, the control effect of this method on urban waterlogging and non-point source pollution under different rainfall return periods was discussed. Findings The results show that at 5 a and 10 a rainfall return periods, the comprehensive coefficients of variation of GRA-TOPSIS method are 0.355 and 0.361, respectively, and the extreme values are both 0.496, higher than that of GRA or TOPSIS alone. Conclusions Optimization method of GT weighting and coupling GRA-TOPSIS can better eliminate the risk of urban waterlogging and non-point source pollution with less economic investment, and provide a new thought for SST location and quantity optimization.

Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne diseases worldwide, with a high detection rate in fresh meat. Rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of Salmonella is crucial in safeguarding food safety and people’s health. Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors, integrating the advantages of both aptamers and electrochemical sensors in terms of recognition specificity and sensitivity, attract much attention, thus having the potential for application in qualitative and quantitative detection of Salmonella. However, most existing reviews focus on the preparation process of sensors, while little information is available regarding the correlation between the structure and properties of Salmonella, leading to the lack of a direct theoretical basis for the design and improvement of sensors. Therefore, based on the structure and properties of Salmonella, this article establishes its internal connection with aptamer-based sensors, and summarizes the electrode modification materials, aptamer fixation on the working electrode, the signal sensing strategies and the signal amplification strategies, in order to provide a reference for the rapid detection of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

In the process of colorectal cancer metastasis, the tumor microenvironment interacts with primary tumors, secondary tumors, circulating tumor cells, and disseminated tumor cells. This article introduces its dynamic evolution process. The tumor microenvironment can not only exert its host defense mechanism to kill cancer cells, but also help cancer cells metastasize and spread through changes in the composition and structure of the microenvironment. Cancer cells complete their invasion, infiltration, circulation, extravasation, and seeding processes through phenotype transformation, secretion of cytokines, and cell dormancy.

To understand the seasonal variations in shellfish community structure, the composition and diversity of shellfish in the intertidal zone of the Changshan Archipelago, China, were investigated. We investigated the composition and diversity of shellfish species in the intertidal zone (including NCD1, NCD2, BCD1, BCD2, TJD1, TJD2, DQD1, DQD2, NHD1, and NHD2) of five representative islands and 10 survey stations in the Changshan Archipelago during the low tide period in July and October 2021 and February and May 2022, and the water quality parameters of point water and interstitial water were analyzed. The results showed that the bottom material of the Changshan Archipelago was generally rock or gravel and the salinity fluctuated with the seasons. The salinity was high in summer and fall while low in spring and winter, with an average of 30.92±0.84. Compared with spring, summer, and fall, the temperature changed significantly in winter, with an average of (4.51±0.32) ℃ and the highest temperature being 23.48 ℃ during spring, summer, and fall. In general, the dissolved oxygen in the main islands of Changshan Archipelago (North and South Changshan Islands) was relatively low, with an average of (8.59±0.38) mg/L, while that in Tuoji Island, Daqin Island, and Nanhuangcheng Island was relatively high, with an average of (9.95±0.51) mg/L. A total of 12 species of shellfish were collected in this survey, including Crassostrea sp., Monodonta labio Linnaeus, Littorina brevicula, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Patelloida pygmaea, Chlorostoma rustica, Reishia clavigera, Thais luteostoma, Ocinebrellus inornata, Cellana toreuma, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Rapana venosa. The number of shellfish species in each season was the highest in spring, with an average of eight species, followed by in fall, with an average of six species. Winter had the least number of shellfish species collected, with an average of four species. In addition, the North and South Changshan Islands presented the most shellfish species at eight and nine species, respectively. The number of shellfish collected in DQD was the least (six species). There were differences in shellfish density at different survey sites, among which DQD2 had the highest density, with an average density of 41.26 ind./m2. The lowest density was in NCD2, and the average density was 13.71 ind./m2. In the same season, the shellfish density at different survey sites was different, the proportion of dominant species at different survey sites was also different. In spring, the density of Crassostrea sp., Cellana toreuma, and Chlorostoma rustica was high, while in summer, the density of Crassostrea sp., Mytilus galloprovincialis, Littorina brevicula, and Cellana toreuma was high. In fall, the density of Crassostrea sp., Littorina brevicula, and Mytilus galloprovincialis was the highest, while in winter, the density of Crassostrea sp., Patelloida pygmaea, and Cellana toreuma was the highest. The species diversity (H´) of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site is shown as middle tidal zone (1.44) > low tidal zone (1.40) > high tidal zone (0.44). Overall, the average shellfish species diversity in the 10 survey sites was spring (1.26) > winter (1.21) > fall (1.11) > summer (0.95). The average evenness index of species (J´) in the 10 survey stations was 0.55, among which the evenness index of DQD2, NCD2, NHD2, and TJD1 shellfish was 0.67, 0.64, 0.64, and 0.55, respectively. The evenness index of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site was in order of middle tidal zone (0.67) > low tidal zone (0.59) > high tidal zone (0.29). The seasonal change was not obvious. The average shellfish abundance at the survey site was 0.533, including 0.82, 0.68, 0.60, and 0.53 shellfish abundance at NCD2, NHD2, BCD2, and NCD1, respectively. The abundance index of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site was in order of middle tidal zone (0.56) > low tidal zone (0.52) > high tidal zone (0.17). Overall, the average shellfish abundance in the 10 survey sites was spring (0.681) > fall (0.573) > summer (0.458) > winter (0.418). Seasons (temperatures) have the most obvious impact on the diversity and abundance of intertidal shellfish resources. Anthropogenic activities, such as aquaculture and tourism, also affect the distribution and quantity of shellfish species. The results of this study not only enrich the data of intertidal shellfish resources on islands in China but also provide basic information and reference for biodiversity and environmental protection of intertidal shellfish on the Changshan Islands.

Objective Analyzing the characteristics of consonant errors in children with functional dysarthria in different age groups and the effect of speech training provides a reference for clinical treatment. Methods This study followed medical ethics, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Speech data from 388 patients with functional dysarthria were retrospectively studied. They were divided into two groups at the age of 6, namely, the preschool group (4-6 years old) of 226 patients and the school age group (6-13 years old, including 6 years old) of 162 patients. The characteristics of consonant pronunciation errors from four aspects were analyzed: average number of errors, pronunciation location, pronunciation method, and error type. One-on-one speech training was conducted, with a training frequency of once a week and once for 30 minutes. The training method was carried out in the order of phoneme training, syllable training, vocabulary training, sentence training, and short text and conversation training. The effects of speech training in the two groups were compared. Results Analysis by pronunciation location: both age groups had the highest frequency of errors in tongue tip posterior sounds; the school age group had the lowest error frequency for labiodental consonants, and the preschool group had the lowest error frequency for bilabial consonants. According to the analysis of pronunciation mode, both age groups had the highest error frequency of aspirated affricate and the lowest error frequency of nasal sound. Analysis by error type: both age groups are mainly characterized by substitution and omission. Compared with the preschool group, most consonants of patients in the school group tend to improve in terms of pronunciation location, pronunciation mode, and error types. Compared with the preschool group, the two types of errors-palatalization and lateralization-increased in frequency in the school group, but the trend of increased lateralization was not statistically significant. After 6.7 and 5.5 sessions of speech training, the pronunciation of the preschool group and the school-age group significantly improved; the cure rate of the school-age group was 84.9% (118/139), and that of the preschool group was 77.1% (91/118). There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate between the two groups. Conclusion Functional dysarthria may improve with age, but it may not completely self-heal. Children of different age groups can achieve good treatment results through scientific and reasonable speech training.

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

GCN-based collaborative filtering models generate the representation of user nodes and item nodes by aggregating information on user-item interaction bipartite graph,and then predict users' preferences on items.However,they neglect users' different interaction intents and cannot fully explore the relationship between users and items.Existing graph disentangled collaborative filtering models model users' interaction intents,but ignore the global information of interaction graph and the essential features of users and items,causing the incompleteness of representation semantics.Furthermore,disentangled representation learning is inefficient due to the iterative structure of model.To solve these problems,this paper devises a deep disentangled collaborative filtering model incorporating graph global information,which is named as global graph disentangled collaborative filtering(G2DCF).G2DCF builds graph global channel and graph disentangled channel,which learns essential features and intent features,respectively.Meanwhile,by introducing orthogonality constraint and representation independence constraint,G2DCF makes every user-item interaction intent as unique as possible to prevent intent degradation,and raises the independence of representations under different intents,so as to improve the disentanglement effect.Compared with the previous graph collaborative filtering models,G2DCF can more comprehensively describe features of users and items.A number of experiments are conducted on three public datasets,and results show that the proposed method outperforms the comparison methods on multiple metrics.Further,this paper analyzes the representation distributions from independence and uniformity,verifies the disentanglement effect.It also compares the convergence speed to verify the effectiveness.

Hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain the spatial and spectral three-dimensional imaging of substances simultaneously, and obtain the unique continuous characteristic spectrum of substances in a wide spectrum range at a certain spatial resolution, which has outstanding advantages in the fine classification and identification of biological substances. With the development of hyperspectral imaging technology, a large amount of data has been accumulated in the exploration of data acquisition, image processing and material inspection. As a new technology means, hyperspectral imaging technology has its unique advantages and wide application prospects. It can be combined with the common biological physical evidence of blood （stains）, saliva, semen, sweat, hair, nails, bones, etc., to achieve rapid separation, inspection and identification of substances. This paper introduces the basic theory of hyperspectral imaging technology and its application in common biological evidence examination research and analyzes the feasibility and development of biological evidence testing and identification, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new technology and promote hyperspectral imaging technology in related biological examination, to better serve the forensic practice.

Objective To discuss the significance of genetic diagnosis of children with syndromic hearing loss by using whole-exome sequencing. Methods The clinical data of 34 children with sensorineural hearing loss were collected and the whole exons of genome of the children and their parents were sequenced and analyzed. Results Genetic causative gene and mutations have been identified in 19 children, including 4 genes (HARS2, USH2A, GATA3, MITF) related to rare syndromic hearing loss. Fifteen children were diagnosed with non-syndromic hearing loss related gene, including 8 cases with GJB2 mutation, 5 cases with SLC26A4 mutation and 2 cases with MYO15A mutation. Mutations of c.435_437del(p.K147del) and c.1403G > C (p.G468A) in gene HARS2, c.11389+1del in gene USH2A, c.1327delA(p.M443Wfs*33) in gene GATA3, c.627C > A(p.C209X) in gene MITF and c.8033_8057delinsG(p.N2678_D2686delinsS) in gene MYO15A were first reported. Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing helps the accurate diagnosis of causes of hearing loss, especially for the rare syndromic hearing loss with atypical clinical manifestations. Information from genetic testing may highlight further recommended exams of structure and functions of related organs.

In order to solve the problem of serious dust pollution at the transfer point of coal mine, a test platform was built to simulate the whole process of dust generation and migration at the transfer point, and the dust distribution law in the transfer area was studied. Based on the test results and theoretical calculation, the appropriate type of aerosol nozzle was selected, and the optimal gas supply pressure, water supply pressure, water supply flow and nozzle layout position were determined by a series of experiments. The results show that the dust generated in the transfer area is mainly composed of respirable dust, and the dust reduction effect is best when the adjustable wide angle nozzle with diameter of 1.5 mm is used, the water pressure is 0.55 MPa, the air pressure is 0.6 MPa, the water supply flow is 0.25 L/min, and the nozzle installation position is 0.85 m above the dust source. According to the experimental parameters, the air water spray dust suppression system is designed and field test is carried out at the transfer point of the fully mechanized coal face, the dust removal efficiency can reach more than 90%.

Objective To understand and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of female human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine in Chinese mainland. Methods We searched the relevant studies about the knowledge, attitude and behavior factors of HPV infection and HPV vaccine published in PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI and Wanfang databases about Chinese mainland women from January 1, 1995 to January 31, 2021.Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted data and the literatures with quality score≥5 points.Chi square test was used to evaluate its heterogeneity.Begg' s test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 33 literatures were included, with a total number of 46013 people.The results showed that the total awareness rate of HPV in the population was 65.9%, the lowest rates were 16.0%, 41.2% and 14.4% in Northeast, rural areas and middle school students, respectively; while the highest rates of HPV were 77.4%, 56.3% and 71.0% in Central China, cities and towns and college students, respectively.The main source of HPV knowledge was the network/WeChat official account number (38.9%), and the lowest was family/friend (4.5%).The population's awareness rate of HPV vaccine related knowledge was 41.4%, the highest rates were 51.8% and 69.7% in East China and medical staff, respectively, while the lowest were 23.6% and 12.7% in Southwest and middle school students. Conclusion In order to achieve the total elimination of cervical cancer in China by 2030 as soon as possible, people should strengthen their awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine related knowledge.

In order to analyze the influence of sealing material properties on borehole sealing during grouting sealing in the sealing section of gas extraction borehole, special cement-based sealing materials were collected from different mining areas, and their viscosity, expansion rate, water separation rate, setting time and strength parameters after solidification were tested in the laboratory. The influence of the above indexes on borehole sealing was analyzed from the whole process of grouting in the early stage to solidification sealing in the later stage. The results show that the viscosity of the slurry is the key index to measure the fluidity of the grouting material in the early stage of the grouting. The faster the viscosity of the slurry rises and the faster the fluidity decreases, the more difficult it is to seal the cracks in the surrounding rock of the borehole. After the completion of the grouting in the middle stage, different materials show expansibility and water tightness. The expansion characteristics of the materials can provide support for the surrounding rock of the borehole and improve the stability and integrity of the heterogeneous structure of the sealing section of the borehole. Water tightness of the materials will cause the separation of the borehole wall surface from the sealing material, increase the air leakage channel and reduce the water tightness. The strength of the sealing material after solidification at later stage is greatly different from that of the coal body, forming unstable heterogeneous structure. Under the action of stress, the fracture of the unstable heterogeneous structure develops and the tightness decreases.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.08.015

Recent research on the micro-pore structure characteristics of reservoirs during long-term water flooding in a block of the Daqing Oilfield is non-systematic and falls short on the quantitative research on the micro-pore structure parameters at different water flooding multiples. This poses a challenge for revealing the mechanism of reservoir alteration. To resolve this problem, this paper develops and presents a method, combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with mercury intrusion, to determine the value of nuclear magnetic resonance conversion coefficient (C) with corresponding changes of rock physical properties. Utilizing high pressure mercury intrusion to calibrate the pore diameter by NMR overcomes the shortcomings that the samples in the same position are unable to be reused by mercury intrusion and the conversion coefficient, C value, of NMR can not be accurately determined. By the new method the core diameter and the change of core mineral composition under different water injection multiples, the porosity and permeability of all experimental cores increase to different degrees during long-term water flooding. Long term water flooding of the core increases the pore size and lowers the clay content. Furthermore, the experiments show that kaolinite is affected most. Clay mineral variation and particle migration are the main reasons for the change of rock physical properties and pore size.

BACKGROUND Quantitative study of micro-fracture in shale is conducive to understanding reservoir type and evaluating the shale gas exploration potential. Micrometer X-ray tomography (micro-CT) is currently the most direct way to observe and measure micro-fracture. OBJECTIVES To qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the micro-fracture in the shale of the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin, and to evaluate the exploration potential of shale gas. METHODS Micro-CT technology was used, through the identification and statistics of micro-fracture on the micrometer CT two-dimensional image. The micro-fracture porosity of shale samples was calculated quantitatively. Combined with the total porosity of shale samples obtained by porosimetry, the proportion of micro-fracture in the total pore space of shale was quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS The micro-fracture in shale were mainly structural micro-fracture with the width of 0-12μm. They were layered in three-dimensional space. The total porosity of shale was 2.24%-4.60% (average 3.48%), in which the micro-fracture porosity was 0.25%-1.06% (average 0.82%), accounting for an average of 23.28% in the total pore space. The development degree of micro-fracture was similar to that of the marine Longmaxi Shale in the Jiaoshiba area of the Sichuan Basin with the average micro-fracture porosity of 0.3%-1.3% that accounted for 6.1%-22.4% of the total porosity. The shale in the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area was a pore-type reservoir with abundant nano-scale matrix pores, which was conducive to the enrichment of shale gas. Meanwhile, the development of micro-fracture can communicate with many isolated matrix pores, which was conducive to high shale gas production. CONCLUSIONS The shale in the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area is a pore-type reservoir with widespread micro-fracture, indicating that the area has high and stable shale gas pore conditions and good exploration potential.

BackgroundThe main ore-bearing rock of the Husab Uranium Mine in Namibia, southern Africa, is white granite, and the radioactive element thorium content in the ore is high, which has a greater impact on the γ ray logging results.PurposeThis study aims to solve the problem of thorium's interference on the γ ray logging results by developing a γ ray spectrum logging instrument.MethodsA high-resolution LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detector was employed to build a new type of γ ray spectrum logging tool. Combined with cross-segment method of γ ray spectrum and techniques for separating the γ ray spectrum, the counting rates of thorium, uranium and potassium nuclides were greatly improved, so did the measuring range of the tool and logging speed. Experiment and calibration tests of this logging instrument were conducted on control holes, blast holes, national standard uranium calibration pit, etc., to verify its range, speed applicability, stability, repeatability, etc.ResultsTests results show that the γ ray spectrum logging achieves upper limit of uranium content measurement of 5.0% eU, and the logging speed of 0.067 m·s-1, satisfying the rapid quantitative measurement of uranium grades in the blast holes of the Husab Mine and accurately estimated the amount of uranium with superior measuring accuracy to the γ ray logging method.ConclusionsThe γ ray logging tool of this study reaches specification requirements of γ ray logging. It can effectively distinguish thorium, uranium and potassium nuclides, realizing the quantitative measurement of uranium content.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of primary Gallbladder Carcinoma and the diagnostic value of MRI. Methods The MRI manifestations of 102 cases with primary Gallbladder Carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively, All patients who received routine MRI plain and enhancement scan were performed DWI examination. Results There were 54 cases of mass-type, 20 cases of wall thickening-type, 26 cases of intrauterine-type, slightly low signal was showed on T1WI, slightly high signal on T2WI, high signal on DWI. There were 38 cases of hepatic infiltration, 31 cases of liver metastasis, 87 cases of cholecystolithiasis, 64 cases of lymph node metastasis, 57 cases of obstruction of common bile duct, 13 cases of ascites and 5 cases of abnormal pancreaticobiliary junction. Conclusion MRI has good value in diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWl) in differential diagnosis of brain metastases and glioma tumors. Methods The MRI data (including conventional unenhanced, enhanced scan and DWI imaging) of 29 cases of brain metastases and 22 cases of glioma tumors were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results In the brain metastases, lesions of high DWI signal intensity were seen in 10 cases, and lesions of low DWI signal intensity were seen in 19 cases. Lesions of high signal intensity on DWI were seen in 15 cases of gliomas, while obvious high DWI signals were not found in the other 7 cases. The ADC values in the solid area of brain metastases and glioma tumors were (0.86 ± 0.23) x 10-3 mm²/s and (1.07 ±0.14) x 10-3 mm²/s, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (t=-1.863 P = 0.085). The ADC values in the necrotic area were (2.41 ± 0.47) x 10-3 mm²/s and (2.83 ± 0.08) x 10-3mm²/s, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant between the two tumors (t = -3.696 P = 0.001). The ADC values in the proximal peritumoral edema of brain metastases and glioma tumors were (1.58 ±0.18) x 10-3 mm²/s and (1.41 ± 0.16) x 10-3mm²/s, respectively, with statistically significant difference (t= 2.877 P = 0.006). The ADC values in the distal peritumoral edema were (1.59 ±0.08) x 10-3 mm²/s and (1.51 ±0.15) x 10-3mm²/s, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (t = 1.787 P =0.096). Conclusion DWI is an effective method for differential diagnosis of brain metastases and glioma tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis was used to compare the routine magnetic resonance imaging and DWI features with b-value of 33 cases of pancreatic carcinomas and 12 cases of benign pancreatic tumors. Results T1WI demonstrated a pancreatic head mass in 16 cases, pancreatic body mass in 10 cases, and pancreatic tail mass with pancreatic atrophy in 7 cases. 8 cases had hepatic metastases, 13 cases had invasion or envelopment of mesenteric vessels, 4 cases had bone metastases and 10 cases had lymph node metastases. DWI demonstrated an inhomogeneous high signal with unclear margins. Necrotic tissue demonstrated uneven low signal. A b-value of 1 100 s/mm2 was associated with a high signal with poor anatomical delineation. A b-value of 700 s/mm2 was associated with apparent diffusion coefficient that were useful in distinguishing benign and malignant pancreatic carcinomas (< 0.05) . The ADCs have no differentiation between the two tumors in the b values of 50, 350, 400, 450 and 1 100 s/mm2. Conclusion DWI is a proposed method which provides more information for preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

0.45mm thick Al coatings were deposited by detonation gun spraying (D-gun) on polymer-based composites. The characteristics of the coatings, including micro structure, phase composition and bonding strength, were investigated by means of SEM, EDS, XRD and mechanical testing machine; electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties were then tested according to GJB 2604-1996 and GJB 6190-2008 respectively. The results indicate that D-gun sprayed Al coating, with bond strength 8.63MPa and porosity about 1.26%, is superior to that of conventional flame spray and plasma spray; D-gun sprayed Al coating, with electrical resistivity 0.181mΩ/□ and 1-40GHz electromagnetic shielding effectiveness above 60dB, is an ideal candidate for electromagnetic shielding utilizing.

The anti-seismic capacity of concrete gravity dam with longitudinal joints is preliminarily studied by using a nonlinear dynamic time-history procedure with overload response analysis. Smeared cracking model is employed to simulate the cracking of concrete during strong earthquake, and the mechanical behavior of the longitudinal joint under dynamic load is simulated by contact model based on penalty method. Comparing with the results of calculation model without longitudinal joints, it is found that the longitudinal joints have changed the distribution of stress in dam and the anti-seismic capacity of the dam is reduced. Based on the analyses of the cracking ratio and the anti-slide safety factor, the maximum anti-seismic capacity of the studied dam with longitudinal joints is evaluated as 0. 6g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational reform in the late Qing Dynasty brought about the unique pattern of education in the countryside, in which both the new-style school and the old-style private school existed together. With its special flexibility and adaptability, the old-style private school, known as Si-shu in Chinese, held a dominant position in local culture and education. Firstly, the Si-shu far outnumbered the new-style school. During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China, the Si-shu was available in almost all the villages, of which big villages had 4 to 5 such schools. According to the statistics from the Ministry of Education, the new-style schools were threes times as many as the old-style schools across the country, which, however, didn't mean that the former schools overpowered the latter. There are following three causes. The first cause is that during the said period of time, most of the new-style schools were available in the cities, while the old-style schools were here and there in the countryside. In other words, the old-style schools are several times as many as the new-style ones in the rural areas. The second cause is that quite a number of semi-new-style and semi-old-style schools were taken as new-style schools. For the achievements in promoting new-learning education were used for measuring the performance of the county magistrate. And the third cause is that old-style schools which considerably outnumbered the official figure went underground at that time when the authorities promoted the development of new-style schools to reform or replace the old ones. Secondly, the Si-shu served as the center of cultural activities in rural communities from the perspective of social function. In the traditional society, the local gentry acted as the real representative of power by playing numerous roles in education, public security, justice, land tax collection, other tax collection, and ceremony administration. Furthermore, many local gentlemen themselves were teachers in the Si-shu where primary education was carried out and students would make a good beginning for future official career. After the reform in the educational system, however, country elites moved into cities for better development, with the coming of local tyrants and gentries who failed to play the part their predecessors did. At the same time the new-style schools whose teachers mostly didn't gain trust from locals were rather limited in number and weak in organizing cultural activities. In these circumstances, therefore, the Si-shu functioned much better socially and culturally. Its popularity was ascribed to five reasons: (1) flexibility in running schools, low tuition, and strict teaching and good management in line with local conditions; (2) private teachers' being both sociable and capable in tackling problems, such as "apportionment" from officials, directives, notification, disapproval, and other official documents, and handling village affairs, such as official application, objection to added revenue tax and apportioned duties, water conservancy, and prevention of calamities; (3) private teachers' being responsible for lawsuit; (4) private teachers' serving as minister of the village; and (5) private teachers' participation in making village decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the MRI signs of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome to increase awareness of the disease. Methods The MRI manifestations of 16 cases with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent conventional MRI plain scan and DWI examination. Results The lesions located in the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem and thalamic were seen in 16, 12, 3, 2, 2 and 2 cases, respectively. T1WI showed slightly lower signal, T2WI showed slightly higher signal, T2WI-FLAIR showed high signal, and DWI showed high signal in 4 cases, low signal in 5 cases and equal signal in 7 cases, with the corresponding ADC graphs of low, high signal or equal signal. Conclusion The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome has a characteristic imaging manifestation, and the MRI has a significant value in the early diagnosis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A monitoring system of suspension type single hydraulic prop for underground forepoling was introduced, and working principle and design scheme of the system were focused on. The system can realize pressure and bending deformation detection of hydraulic prop, LED warning and wireless data transmission. The experimental result based on a type of hydraulic prop shows that the error between measurement value of the system and the theoretical one is small, which verifies that the system can actually reflect bending deformation degree of suspension type single hydraulic prop when the hydraulic prop suffers different stress from roof and provide accurate data for safety warning of forepoling.

Objective To investigate methods for predicting uric acid stones with conventional CT by measuring the CT value of stones, mean diameter size, density of stones, stone to kidney CT value ratio, and body width. Methods Patients underwent conventional CT scanning and were diagnosed postoperatively before uric acid stones and non-uric acid stones were detected by dual-energy CT.A total of 50 patients with uric acid stones and 60 patients with non-uric acid stones were enrolled, and after stones were detected by conventional CT scan, uric acid stones and non-uric acid stones were distinguished by dual-energy CT. The selected stones were ＞ 7 mm in long diameter. Data acquisition was performed on enrolled patients by a radiologist blinded to stone composition. The predictive value of each index was evaluated by independent sample t test, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results There was great value in distinguishing uric acid stones from non-uric acid stones in stone CT value (P＜0.01), significant statistical difference in uniform stones or not and in size (P＜ 0.05). The CT scan showed a high predictive value for the diagnosis of uric acid stones, with AUC=0.948, sensitivity as 94%,and specificity as 85%.According to the ROC curve, the CT scaning value of 730 HU was adopted as the threshold for the diagnosis of uric acid stones, with a positive predictive value of 83.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.4%, and an accuracy of 80.1%. The size of the stone also had a predictive value, AUC=0.63, sensitivity 36%, and specificity 88.3%, and the mean diameter of the stone greater than 18.05 mm was defined as a diagnosis standard of uric acid stones according to the ROC curve, which had a positive predictive value of 72%, a negative predictive value of 62.4%, and an accuracy of 64.5%. Using a stone CT value of 730 HU as the threshold combined with a uniform stone density to predict uric acid stones, its specificity was 100% and the positive predictive value was 100%. Conclusions Conventional CT is of high value in differentiating uric acid calculi from non-uric acid calculi by measuring the mean diameter size and density of calculi. When evaluate CT result with or without homogenous stone density as the diagnostic criteria, the specificity and positive predictive value of diagnosing uric acid calculi are significantly higher.

Objective To evaluate the value of computed tomography portal venography(CTPV) in displaying portal hypertension, and to analyze the imaging findings and related clinical value of different types of portosystemic shunts caused by portal hypertension. Methods A total of 159 patients with portal hypertension were selected from Fushun Central Hospital, including 110 males and 49 females. CT three-dimensional imaging of portal vein was performed at the same time. A total of 297 cases of meaningful shunt branches were selected, and the effects of other shunt branches on esophageal mucosal shunt branches were analyzed. Results All 159 patients had different types of portosystemic communication shunts caused by portal hypertension, including gastric vein group 79.5%(236/297), left renal vein group 7.7%(23/297), umbilical vein recanalization 7.1%(21/297), portal cavernous transformation 2.7%(8/297), intrahepatic shunt 0.7%(2/297) and retroperitoneal group 2.4%(7/297).In most cases, there were two or more types of communicating shunt, the draining vein and shunt branches were clearly dis- played by a three-dimensional imaging of CT portal vein. Conclusions Three-dimensional CT portal vein imaging can show the classification, location, extent and degree of collateral circulation caused by portal hypertension, and effectively track the path of abnormal blood flow, which has important guiding significance for clinical evaluation of the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and treatment.

Objective: To detect the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) in adult patients with severe hemophilia A, identify the potential factors influencing FⅧ PK, and optimize the use of FⅧ in individual prophylaxis regimens., Methods: PK characteristics of FⅧ were studied in a total of 23 severe hemophilia A adults. The correlation of patients' characteristics including age, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), blood group, weight, body mass index (BMI) and FⅧ genotype, with FⅧ PK were evaluated. Individual prophylaxis regimens were given based on FⅧ PK parameters., Results: The mean terminal half‑life (t 1/2 ) of FⅧ was 20.6±9.3 h, ranged from 11.47 h to 30.12 h. The age ( r =0.580) and vWF:Ag ( r =0.814) were significantly positively correlated with t 1/2 of FⅧ. The mean area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of FⅧ was 913±399 (328-1 878) IU·h/dl, and the AUC of FⅧ was positively correlated with age ( r =0.557) and vWF:Ag ( r =0.784). The mean residence time (MRT) of FⅧ was 24.7±12.4 (13.2-62.2) h, and the MRT of FⅧ was positively correlated with age ( r =0.664) and vWF:Ag ( r =0.868). The mean in vivo recovery (IVR) of FⅧ was 2.59±0.888 (1.5-4.29) IU/dl per IU/kg, the mean clearance (CL) of FⅧ was 3±1.58（0.97-7.18）ml/(kg·h)，and there was no significant correlation of IVR and CL with age and vWF:Ag. According to the individual PK parameters, ultra low-dose, low-dose and moderate-dose FⅧ were applied to 15, 6, 2 adults patients with severe hemophilia A for prophylaxis, respectively., Conclusion: There are significant individual differences in the FⅧ half-life of adult patients with severe hemophilia A. The older the patient, the higher the vWF:Ag level, and the longer the FⅧ half-life. Individual administration is required based on the FⅧ PK parameters to optimize prophylaxis treatment.

Land use/cover change is an important driving factor for carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems and affects the carbon cycle of the whole ecosystem. Taking Kunming City as a case study, based on the modified carbon density coefficient, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of carbon storage changes in the terrestrial ecosystem under different land use scenarios from 2000 to 2020 and "three-line" constraints by coupling the carbon storage module of the InVEST model and CA-Markov model. The results showed that:① cultivated land, forest land, and grassland were the main types of land use in Kunming City, and land use transfer also occurred among the three types. ② From 2000 to 2020, the overall carbon storage in Kunming City was low in the south and high in the north, and the carbon storage decreased yearly with a cumulative loss of 5.27×10 6 t. The degradation of forest land and grassland was the main reason for the decrease in carbon storage. ③ From 2020 to 2030, the carbon storage of the four scenarios should decrease, and the decline in carbon storage in the inertia development scenario was the most obvious, which was mainly caused by the rapid expansion of construction land. The cultivated land protection scenario effectively slowed down the reduction in carbon storage compared with the inertia development scenario. The ecological protection scenario could enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the study area, with carbon storage reaching 262.49×10 6 t, but could not effectively control the reduction in cultivated land area. The scenario of preventing urban expansion effectively inhibited the disorderly expansion of construction land and indirectly prevented further reduction in carbon storage. Therefore, the cultivated land protection scenario, ecological protection scenario, and urban expansion prevention scenario can be considered comprehensively in the study area, which could not only increase the carbon sink space of the study area but also ensure food and ecological security.

Objective: To investigate the effects of miR-144-3p on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells., Methods: K562 cells were cultured in vitro and mimics negative control, hsa-miR-144-3p mimics, inhibitor negative control and miR-144-3p inhibitor were respectively transfected into K562 cells with transfection reagents. The cells were divided into five groups including blank control, mimics negative control, miR-144-3p mimics, inhibitor negative control and miR-144-3p inhibitor. After transfection, the cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry., Results: Compared with the blank control and mimics negative control groups, the proliferation rate of miR-144-3p mimics group was significantly decreased ( P <0.05), the proportion of S phase cells was markedly increased ( P <0.05), while the proportion of G 1 phase cells was obviously decreased ( P <0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased ( P <0.05). Compared with the blank control and inhibitor negative control groups, the proliferation rate of miR-144-3p inhibitor group was obviously increased ( P <0.05), the proportion of S phase cells was markedly decreased ( P <0.05), while the proportion of G 1 phase cells was obviously increased ( P <0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: miR-144-3p can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of K562 cells, affect the cell cycle, and block K562 cells in S phase, which indicates that miR-144-3p is involved in the cell cycle activity of CML during blastic phase.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus on the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and analyze the regulatory mechanism of LncRNA FBXL19-AS1/miR-342-3 p pathway. MTT assay and plate cloning assay were used to detect the effect of flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus at different concentrations(1, 5, 10 mg·mL~(-1)) on the proliferation of liver cancer Huh7 cells. The effect of flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus on the migration and invasion of Huh7 cells was examined by Transwell chamber assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the effect of flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus on the expression levels of FBXL19-AS1 and miR-342-3 p in Huh7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect whether FBXL19-AS1 targeted at miR-342-3 p. The effect on the inhibition of FBXL19-AS1 expression or FBXL19-AS1 overexpression and then the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh7 cells were examined by the above methods. Gelatin zymography was used to detect the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The expression levels of cyclinD1, p21, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were detected by Western blot. Flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh7 cells(P&lt;0.05), promoted the expression of p21 protein(P&lt;0.05), and inhibited the expressions of cyclinD1, MMP-2 and MMP-9(P&lt;0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and could reduce the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9(P&lt;0.05). The expression level of FBXL19-AS1 was significantly decreased in Huh7 cells treated with flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus(P&lt;0.05), whereas the expression level of miR-342-3 p was significantly increased(P&lt;0.05). The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FBXL19-AS1 targeted at the inhibition of miR-342-3 p expression. After inhibiting the expression of FBXL19-AS1, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was significantly increased(P&lt;0.05), the number of cell clone formation was significantly reduced(P&lt;0.05), the number of migrated cells and the number of invasive cells were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.05), and the expression levels of cyclinD1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased(P&lt;0.05), the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly reduced(P&lt;0.05), while the expression level of p21 protein was significantly increased(P&lt;0.05). The overexpression of FBXL19-AS1 reversed the inhibitory effect of flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus on the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh7 cells. Flavonoids of Sophorae Fructus could inhibite the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells by regulating LncRNA FBXL19-AS1/miR-342-3 p pathway.

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide.The burden of cervical cancer is particularly heavy in less developed countries as the malignancy brings huge pain to the patients and their family members and causes huge losses to social development and global health.However,cervical cancer is a preventable and curable disease.While screening and human papillomavirus vaccination in developed countries have remarkably lowered the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer,there is still a far way to go to achieve the prevention and treatment of this disease.The multidisciplinary prevention and control programs slightly differ in different countries due to diverse economic and health conditions.The general principle is to vaccinate the young females and to implement a comprehensive strategy including human papillomavirus vaccine vaccination,screening,early diagnosis,and early treatment in adults.

As an important branch of artificial intelligence,the emerging medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is facing many ethical issues.MAI may offer the optimal diagnosis and treatment for patients but may also bring adverse effects on society and human beings.This article discusses the ethical problems caused by MAI and elucidates its development in a direction that meets ethical principles and requirements.

Injection of alkali, surfactant and polymer (ASP) into oil reservoir can substantially increase oil recovery compared with water-flooding strategy. However, the effects of these agents on the microbial diversity and community structure, which is important for water management and corrosion control in oil industry, are hitherto poorly understood. Here, we disclosed the microbial diversity and community structure in the produced water collected from four producing wells of an ASP-flooded oilfield at Daqing, China, using high-throughput sequencing technique. Results showed that the average pH in produced water was as high as 9.65. The microbial diversity varied from well to well, and the Shannon diversity index was between 2.00 to 3.56. The Proteobacteria (85.5%-98.3%), γ-proteobacteria (83.7%-97.8%), and alkaliphilic Nitrincola (51.8%-82.5%) were the most dominant phylogenetic taxa at the phylum, class, and genus levels, respectively. A total of 12 potentially sulfide-producing genera were detected, and the most abundant taxon was Sulfurospirillum (0.4%-7.4%). The microbial community of ASP-flooded petroleum reservoir was distinct, showing an alkaliphilic or alkalitolerant potential; a reduced diversity and more simple structure were observed compared with those of the water-flooded petroleum reservoirs that were previously reported.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of decitabine combined with low-dose IA for treating patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-EB., Methods: Thirty-seven cases of myelodysplastic syndrome-EB patients diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2015 to January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients accepted DAC+IA(19 cases) and DAC(18 cases) treatment separately, and the differences of clinical efficacy between them were compared., Results: After 1-2 treatment cycles, in DAC+IA group the rate of complete remission with full hematologic recovery and incomplete hematologic recovery was 57.9%, and overall response rate was 100%. Immature cells level observed in bone marrow pathology was significantly decreased, compared with level before treatment. Peripheral blood neutrophil count, hemoglobin level and platelet count increased significantly. The median duration of the complete remission was 7.3 months. The progression free survival time was 10 months. Three patients with complete remission relapsed after interruption of treatment for 3.5 months. In DAC group complete remission rate was 16.7%, and overall response rate was 38.9%. The progression free survival lasted for 6 months. The median time of 3 complete remission patients transformed to AML was 4 months. The common adverse reactions were myelosuppression and infection without significant difference between the 2 groups., Conclusion: The regimen of decitabine combinated with low-dose IA for treating patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-EB is effective, which can prolong the survival and improve the quality of life, whereas the long-term effect needs to be consolidated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of bilateral "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Taichong" (LR 3, the so-called "Four Gate Points") on learning-memory ability, hippocampal interleukin-1 (IL-1) P and IL-2 and amyloid beta (Abeta) 42 levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats,so as to reveal its underlying mechanism in improving AD., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, medication and acupuncture groups (n = 12 rats in each group). The AD model was created by microinjection of streptozotocin (10 pL, 3 mg/kg) into the lateral ventricle (repeated the microinjection once two days later). Bilateral LR 3 and LI 4 were punctured with filiform needles and stimulated manually, once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. The rats of the medication group were intragastric perfusion of Donepezil HOI (0.045 mg/kg), once a day for 4 weeks. The learning-memory ability was detected by Morris water maze swimming tests. The immunoactivity of hippocampal Abeta 42 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the contents of IL-1 P and IL-2 in the hippocampus tissue were determined by ELISA., Results: After modeling, the average escape latency of Morris water navigation task was significantly increased, and the target-platform crossing times of space probe trials were significantly reduced in the model group (P<0.05), suggesting a g-memory ability. After acupuncture intervention, the increased escape latency and the decreased target-platform crossing times were reversed, suggesting an improvement of the learning-memory. The hippocampal Abeta 42 immunoactivity and IL-1 beta content were significantly higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (P<0.05), but the hippocampal IL-2 content was markedly decreased in the model group (P<0. 05). Following the interventions, the increased Abeta 42 expression and IL-1 beta contents, and the decreased IL-2 contents in the hippocampus were also reversed in both the acupuncture and medication groups (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Acupuncture may improve learning-memory ability in AD rats, which may be associated with its effects in reducing hippocampal Abeta13 42 expression and IL-1beta content and in up-regulating IL-2 level.

Objective: To explore the autophagy of RPMI8226 cells induced by As(2)O(3) and its possible mechanisms., Methods: RPMI8226 was incubated with different concentration of As(2)O(3) for different time, and the inhibiting rate was calculated by MTT method. The autophagic rate of RPMI8226 cells incubated with different concentration of As(2)O(3) was determined by FACS. The change of cells ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microsopy (TEM). After incubation with different concentration of As(2)O(3), the expression of Beclin-1 on RPMI8226 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot., Results: Different concentration of As(2)O(3) could significantly inhibit the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells (P < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect was in dose- and time-dependent way in a certain range. the autophagic rate increased with the increasing of drug concentration and prolonging of action time (P < 0.05). TEM results revealed a typical autophagosome in RPMI-8226 cell treated by As(2)O(3) for 48 hours. Beclin-1 was up-regulated in RPMI 8226 cells when treated with different concentration of As(2)O(3) for 48h (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: As(2)O(3) can induce autophagy of RPMI8226 cells, and the mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of Beclin-1.

On the basis of review and study on literatures of Chinese medicine, combining the history of medicinal plants of Salvia in China, and investigating the morphological description, geography distribution and therapeutic effects, herbal textural research were carried on the medicinal plants from Salvia. The results showed that the original plant of Danshen is S. miltiorrhiza and related species, the original plant of Dian Danshen is S. yunnanensis, the original plant of Li Zhi Cao is S. plebeia, the original plant of Shi Jian Chuan is Bidens pilosa. or S.chinensis, the original plant of Shu Wei Cao is S. japanica, the original plant of Ye Xia Hong is S. kiangsiensis. And the article aimed to point out the relationship of medicinal plants from Salvia and provided new insight and proof to explore the new natural medicine from medicinal plants of Salvia., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

By studying the varieties of peony and analyzing the prescription of Huangqin decoction, the authors explored the differences between Paeoniae Radix Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra in varieties, origin, processing method and clinical efficacy and compare their efficacies to define Paeoniae Radix Alba or Paeoniae Radix Rubra in Huangqin decoction recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. In the study, the authors clarified the development and change of the variety in various historical periods according to the earliest ancient herbal book recording the variety and the development sequence of main herbs, and made clear the relations between Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. The modern application of Paeoniae Radix Alba started in the Song Dynasty. Although it was processed in different ways from Paeoniae radix Rubra, they shared the same original plant varieties. On the basis of the historical origin, botanical origin, producing place and processing method, the authors made clear the evolvement of peony varieties, discussed and analyzed the developments and changes for the combined to the separate administration of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra and defined the peony variety in Huangqin decoction. Through the textual research on ancient herbal books, the authors confirmed that more than 2 000 years ago, Paeoniae Radix Alba didn't appear when Treatise on Febrile Diseases was written. According to the records in Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians that "its roots were collected and dried in February and August", it was inferred that the use of Paeoniae Radix Rubra conformed to the historical facts.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of ileal ureteric replacement in the treatment of iatrogenic long segment ureteric injuries., Methods: The hospital records of 9 cases with iatrogenic long segment ureteric injuries during Aug. 2010 to Sept. 2014 treated with ileal ureteric replacement were retrospectively reviewed and followed-up postoperatively. The patients included 3 males and 6 females with a median age of 40 years. The length of injury segment was 13-25 cm (median 20 cm). The etiology of the iatrogenic injury was urological surgery (n=6), gynecological surgery (n=2) and general surgery (n=1), respectively. The ureter stent was removed in 1-2 month postoperatively in all the 9 cases., Results: All the operations were successful. The operation time was 203-394 min, with the average of (278.1±68.8) min. The bleeding volume was 10-1 000 mL, with the median of 200 mL. The mean length of hospital stay was (16.8±7.5) days. Four minor complications (Grade I-II) developed, including 3 ileus (33.3%) and 1 proximal anastomotic leakage (11.1%). The median follow-up time was 11 months, serum creatinine decreased or remained stable in 8 patients (88.9%). Three patients (33.3%) developed mild hydronephrosis and short-time urinary tract infection was seen in 1 patient (11.1%). Metabolic acidosis was not detected during the follow-up., Conclusion: Ileal ureteric replacement is a safe and effective method in patients with complex or difficult iatrogenic long segment ureteric injuries.

To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.

As an important part of Chinese medicinal materials, uncommon-territorial herbs are also the most complex parts in the herbal medicine markets. Through years of investigation on the key markets of Chinese herbal medicine, the meaning of uncommon-territorial herbs, their historical evolution, origin and characteristics were clarified in this paper, and some countermeasures were put forward for its development.