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To address the issue of the traditional fish hypoxia detection methods, which have low accuracy and require a lot of labor, a Prune-YOLOv5s-based hypoxia risk assessment method for farmed fish is proposed. This paper introduces a hypoxia risk assessment method for cultured fish based on the Prune - YOLOv5s algorithm. This method first collects data on aquatic surface respiration (ASR) performed by fish under hypoxic conditions to create a data set for fish hypoxia. The dataset is then utilized to train the YOLOv5s model. Then, the lightweight and improved YOLOv5s model was used to monitor the behavior of fish surface respiration during hypoxia in real-time. The introduction of the ASR coefficient allows for quantifying ASR instances in fish, which indicates hypoxia risk. The fish hypoxia assessment module is designed to evaluate the risk of hypoxia. The improved performance of the YOLOv5s model before and after modifications and the accuracy of the fish hypoxia assessment module are tested through the fish hypoxia experiment. The test results show that compared with the YOLOv5s model, the detection accuracy, model size, inference speed, and detection speed of the PruneYOLOv5s model have been significantly improved. Among them, the detection accuracy of the 65% Prune YOLOv5s model, which has the best comprehensive performance, has been increased by 0.6% compared with the original model. The size of the model is reduced to 45. 3% of the original model. The inference speed is improved by 23.8%, and the detection speed is enhanced by 31.4%. The fish hypoxia assessment method achieves 97.4% accuracy in the test set of 39 test videos and performs well in the hypoxia cycle experiment. The research indicates that the Prune-YOLOv5s-based hypoxia risk assessment method for cultured fish can effectively detect hypoxic conditions and provide accurate risk alerts, showing high feasibility for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important endoscopic technology in the field of digestive endoscopy. It is mainly used to diagnose biliary diseases in the early stage, and now it has developed into the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Compared with the general endoscopic treatment, its operation time is longer and its anesthesia risk is greater. ERCP under sedation/anesthesia can enhance patients′ tolerance and create better diagnosis and treatment conditions for digestive endoscopists, but there is also the risk of anesthesia-related hypoxemia, so airway management during operation is particularly important. In this paper, the ventilation strategies of ERCP patients under sedation/anesthesia were reviewed in combination with the related research in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some degree of localized hypoxia can cause varying degrees of cellular damage in tissues. Oxygen-releasing biomaterials can sustainably provide oxygen to transplanted cells. In recent years, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing more pratical oxygen-releasing biomaterials and systems to enhance oxygen delivery in vivo and ensure effective oxygen supply to implanted tissues. Based on the form of oxygen provision, these materials can be calssified into oxygen-carrying materials and oxygen-producing materials. The former deliver therapeutic oxygenation by binding oxygen molecules under specific conditions, while the latter incorporate oxygen source materials into polymers, achieving oxygen release through in vivo hydrolysis. This paper summarizes the current development of oxygen-carrying materials and oxygen-producing materials, including oxygen source supply, loading materials, and controlled release. It discusses practical application of oxygen-releasing biomaterials for oxygen delivery and various strategies for controlled release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of TRPC5 on intermittent hypoxia-induced myocardial pyroptosis. Methods TRPC5 knock out (TRPC5-/-) and SD rats were each randomly divided into chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH group) and normoxia group (Control group) (n = 6 for each group). The myocardial fibrosis in rats was visualized by Masson staining, the levels of serum inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and the relative expression levels of TRPC 5 and pyroptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results Masson staining showed that the collagen volume fraction in the TRPC5-/--CIH group was higher than that in the TRPC5-/--Control group and lower than that in the WT-CIH group. The ELISA results showed that the serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TGF- β in the TRPC5-/--CIH group were higher than those in the TRPC5-/--Control group and lower in the WT-CIH group. Western blotting results showed that the relative expression levels of pyroptosis related proteins caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N in the TRPC5-/--CIH group were higher than those in the TRPC5-/--Control group and lower than those in the WT-CIH group. Conclusion TRPC5 deficiency alleviates myocardial pyroptosis and myocardial fibrosis induced by hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obejective: To study the effect of end-expiratory carbon dioxide monitoring on the prevention of hypoxemia during anesthesia in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) anesthesia. Methods: 300 patients treated with ERCP in our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected and divided into experimental group (n=150) and control group (n=150) by random number table method. The control group received routine electrocardiogram, blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, and the experimental group was monitored on the basis of the control group. General data, hypoxemia, apnea, mask pressure oxygen and head postural changes were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the general data between the two groups (P>0.05). Hypoxemia, apnea and mask pressure oxygen administration in experimental groups were significantly lower than those in control group, and the incidence of head posture change was significantly higher than that in control group, and the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of end-expiratory carbon dioxide monitoring in patients under ERCP anesthesia can guide the assisted respiratory management of patients in real time, and reduce the incidence of hypoxemia and mask pressure oxygen delivery rate during ERCP anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litopenaeus vannamei, also known as the Pacific white shrimp or white foot shrimp, is a member of the Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae, and Litopenaeus families. This species is mainly distributed on the Mexican and Pacific coasts of South America. Owing to its excellent immune characteristics, L. vannamei is currently one of the most important economic shrimp species in China.In the aquaculture process and under natural environmental conditions, low dissolved oxygen (DO) condition or even hypoxia frequently occurs. Under high-density culture operations, acute hypoxia is one of the major factors affecting the survival rate of shrimp and the quality of aquaculture water, causing not only a large number of shrimp deaths in the short term but also water decay and fermentation, increased turbidity, and other phenomena. The genetic improvement of L. vannamei, as well as the screening and breeding of exceptionally tolerant species under low DO conditions, are crucial to the sustainable development of the shrimp industry. Global selective breeding efforts based on quantitative genetics to improve genetic progress in L. vannamei have been extensive, and the main targeted traits were growth, survival, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of genetic parameters and screening of strains for hypoxic tolerance traits in L. vannamei; in particular, the genetic parameters and cytological characteristics of key tissues of L. vannamei under short-term highly lethal DO levels (0.3–0.5 mg/L) have not been reported.In this study, we used two strains of L. vannamei, GK (a strain with high disease resistance) and K (a strain with fast growth characteristics), each with a total of 6 560 shrimp from 41 families, to count survival traits at highly lethal DO levels, analyze differences in hypoxia tolerance traits between strains and within families of the same strain, and evaluate genetic parameters. Individual gill, muscle, and hepatopancreas tissues from families with significantly different tolerance levels were histologically investigated and compared at the cellular level. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in semi-lethal survival (SS50) between families within both the GK and K strains when overall semi-lethality was reached under hypoxic environmental conditions of 0.3 mg/L, with SS50 values of 49.30% for GK and 42.52% for K. The coefficients of variation for survival times of families within each strain were 60% and 45% for GK and K, respectively. Using the threshold trait animal model, the genetic parameters were estimated to be between 0.345±0.031 and 0.378±0.029 using the survival status of the individual at semi-lethal levels as the observed value (1 for survival and 0 for death), and the heritability was between 0.219±0.031 and 0.237±0.029 following transformation on a continuously varying scale of observed values, indicating a moderate level of heritability. Moreover, the gill, muscle, and hepatopancreas tissues of the hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-sensitive families in the GK strain exhibited varying degrees of damage and different degrees of variations in the physiological characteristics of resistance among different families. This may be related to the resistance tolerance strength of different GK families. In contrast to the gill, muscle, and hepatopancreas tissues of the control shrimp, the equivalent tissues of shrimp from tolerant and sensitive families showed different degrees of changes following stress. The gill lumen of the filaments of the experimental group from sensitive families increased, the number of blood cells increased, the structure of the epithelial layer was gradually destroyed or even disintegrated, the vacuolation of the hepatopancreas was severe, the lumen of the ducts became irregularly deformed, and the muscle tissue muscle bundle interval widened with a certain degree of deformation. These results suggested that there was abundant genetic variation in the tolerance traits of L. vannamei at highly lethal DO levels and that this species was amendable to selective breeding practices. This study provides a reference and basis for the selection and breeding of hypoxia-tolerant traits in L. vannamei.

Objective·To investigate the anesthetic effect of PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway on preventing hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during magnifying endoscopy.Methods·Eighty OSAS patients who underwent magnifying endoscopy anesthesia in Xuchang Central Hospital of Henan Province from February to June 2023 were randomly divided into PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway group (group T) and traditional nasopharyngeal airway group (group B), with 40 cases in each group. General information, perioperative data and total anesthetic dosage of the two groups of patients were collected and compared. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the two groups of patients before anesthesia (T0), at the time of entering the endoscopy (T1), 3 min after entering the endoscopy (T2), 10 min after entering the endoscopy (T3) and at the end of endoscopy (T4) were observed and recorded, respectively. The incidence of body movement and hypoxemia, and the effects of preventing hypoxia (including mask ventilation, jaw-lift support and chest compressions to assist breath) of the two groups of patients were recorded.Results·There were no significant differences in general information, perioperative data and total anesthetic dosage between the two groups. At T1 and T2, SpO2 in group T was higher than that in group B (T1: P=0.041,T2: P=0.012), and there was no statistically significant difference in SBP, DBP and HR between the groups; at other time points, there was no statistically significant difference in the four indicators between the two groups. Compared with group B, the incidences of body movement, hypoxemia, mask ventilation, jaw-lift support and chest compressions to assist breath in group T were all decreased (all P=0.000).Conclusion·PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway can reduce the incidence of hypoxia during magnifying endoscopy in patients with OSAS, with minimal adverse events. Also, it can detect the status of lung ventilation in time, guide clinical intervention, reduce complications and improve the safety of magnifying endoscopy anesthesia.

AIM: To investigate the regulatory role of retinoid X receptor （RXR） in oxidative stress response of rat type II alveolar epithelial cells（ AECII） induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation（ HR）. METHODS: The AECII were divided into control （C） group, HR group, HR+solvent dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） group （HD group）, HR+RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid （9-RA） group （RA group）, and HR+RXR antagonist HX531 group （HX group）. Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to measure the cell viability. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of surfactant protein A （SP-A） and RXRα in AECII. Kits were detected to the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in cells. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of the cells. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of Nrf2 mRNA. RESULTS: Compared with C group, the cell viability and SOD activity in HR, HD, RA and HX groups were decreased significantly （P<0. 05）, the MDA content were increased significantly （P<0. 05）, the Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased significantly （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）, and the immunofluorescence expression of RXRα was significantly increased （P<0. 01）. Compared with HR and HX groups, the cells in RA group showed significantly increased cell viability （P<0. 05）, increased SOD activity（ P<0. 05）, decreased MDA content （P<0. 05）, increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels （P<0. 01）, and significantly increased immunofluorescence expression of RXRα （P<0. 01）. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia/reoxygenation can aggravate the oxidative stress response of rat AECII, and RXR agonist intervention can alleviate HR-induced rat AECII injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors that are the primary regulators of the cellular response to hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors induce inflammation, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and regulate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This paper reviews the role of hypoxia inducible factors in CVD and the progress of the mechanism of action in recent years, and discusses the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors on vascular constituent cell types and its relationship with the occurrence and development of CVD. It can provide a reference for analyzing the pathogenesis of CVD and discovering new therapeutic targets. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding the role and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factors in the pathogenesis of CVD, and to provide a basis for the design of novel effective therapeutic agents targeting hypoxia inducible factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of adrenomedulectomy on vascular remodeling in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into chronic intermittent air (CIA) sham-operated group, CIA operated group, CIH sham-operated group and CIH operated group. The CIH model was established. The operation group underwent adrenomedulectomy before hypoxia, and the sham-operation group underwent the same operation without adrenomedulectomy. Blood pressure of tail artery was measured. The levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in serum were detected by ELISA. HE and Masson staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the morphology of thoracic aorta, and the thickness of thoracic aorta media, collagen volume fraction and the proportion of elastic fiber disorder and rupture were calculated. The expression of a-smooth muscle acting(α-SMA) in thoracic aorta was observed by IHC. TUNEL was used to observe the apoptosis rate of thoracic aorta cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3 protein in thoracic aorta. Results: Compared with the CIA sham-operation group, the E, NE, tail artery systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, thoracic aortic media thickness, collagen volume fraction, proportion of elastic fiber disorder and rupture, α-SMA level, apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 expression were significantly increased in the CIH sham-operation group (P<0.05). Compared with CIH sham-operation group, the E, NE, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of tail artery, thoracic aortic media thickness, collagen volume fraction, proportion of elastic fiber disorder and rupture, a-SMA level, apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 expression were significantly decreased in CIH operation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adrenomedulectomy can improve thoracic aorta remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the anesthetic effect of PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway on preventing hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during magnifying endoscopy. Methods·Eighty OSAS patients who underwent magnifying endoscopy anesthesia in Xuchang Central Hospital of Henan Province from February to June 2023 were randomly divided into PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway group (group T) and traditional nasopharyngeal airway group (group B), with 40 cases in each group. General information, perioperative data and total anesthetic dosage of the two groups of patients were collected and compared. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the two groups of patients before anesthesia (T0), at the time of entering the endoscopy (T1), 3 min after entering the endoscopy (T2), 10 min after entering the endoscopy (T3) and at the end of endoscopy (T4) were observed and recorded, respectively. The incidence of body movement and hypoxemia, and the effects of preventing hypoxia (including mask ventilation, jaw-lift support and chest compressions to assist breath) of the two groups of patients were recorded. Results·There were no significant differences in general information, perioperative data and total anesthetic dosage between the two groups. At T1 and T2, SpO2 in group T was higher than that in group B (T1: P=0.041, T2: P=0.012), and there was no statistically significant difference in SBP, DBP and HR between the groups; at other time points, there was no statistically significant difference in the four indicators between the two groups. Compared with group B, the incidences of body movement, hypoxemia, mask ventilation, jaw-lift support and chest compressions to assist breath in group T were all decreased (all P=0.000). Conclusion·PetCO2 monitoring nasopharyngeal airway can reduce the incidence of hypoxia during magnifying endoscopy in patients with OSAS, with minimal adverse events. Also, it can detect the status of lung ventilation in time, guide clinical intervention, reduce complications and improve the safety of magnifying endoscopy anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarized the effect of prone position ventilation and nursing management for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19. The compressive nursing assessment, airway management and tube fixation were conducted before using prone position ventilation for therapy. After implementation of prone position ventilation for therapy, efforts had been made to enhance the vital signs monitoring, tube maintenance, airway management, nutrition support and prevention of pressure injuries. (本文总结1例新型冠状病毒感染致呼吸窘迫综合征患者俯卧位通气法的应用效果及护理体会。操作前系统评估患者和完善物品准备, 保持气道通畅和妥善固定管道; 操作后密切监测患者生命体征, 加强导管维护、呼吸道护理和营养支持, 积极预防压力性损伤。)

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia and inflammation usually occur together in many diseases. The microenvironment in which periodontal inflammation occurs is hypoxic. Hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway play a key role in the metabolism of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of hypoxia in periodontal inflammation, bone repair and regeneration and the related cellular and molecular mechanisms and to briefly discuss the application of hypoxia mimetic agents in periodontal bone regeneration. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI and WanFang database were searched for relevant literature published from January 1990 to October 2022. The search words were “hypoxia; hypoxia inducible factor-1α; periodontitis; periodontal; bone; angiogenesis”in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 49 articles were included for review, based on the content of the articles that were similar or consistent with the topic of the present study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hypoxia can cause oxidative stress and aggravate periodontal inflammation. Hypoxia promotes angiogenesis in periodontitis. Hypoxia can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells and promote osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation. It is helpful to design new therapies for accelerating bone repair and regeneration by enriching the understanding of periodontal tissue and bone regeneration through hypoxic and hypoxia-inducible factor pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA-taurine upregulated gene 1 （lncRNATUG1） targeting enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 （EZH2） on hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro. METHODS: Hypoxia-induced HL-1 cells were established as a cell injury model. Silencing plasmid （siTUG1） and negative control （siNC） were constructed and transfected into HL-1 cells. The cells were randomly divided into normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia+siNC and hypoxia+siTUG1 groups. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of lncRNA-TUG1 in the cells. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The levels of myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA. RTqPCR was used to measure the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related transcriptional regulatory genes and inflammatory factors. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related transcriptional regulatory proteins. Interactions between lncRNA-TUG1, EZH2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChIP） assay. RESULTS: Compared with normoxia group, both cell viability and the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biosynthesis were significantly decreased in hypoxia group and hypoxia+siNC group （P<0. 05）, while the expression levels of myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors were significantly increased （P<0. 05）. Silencing of TUG1 partially reversed these changes. The results of ChIP indicated that silencing of TUG1 inhibited the binding of EZH2 to the promoter regions of eNOS and BDNF （P<0. 05）. CONCLUSION: lncRNA-TUG1 is involved in hypoxia-induced inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction in HL-1 cells through the EZH2 pathway. Reduced expression of lncRNA-TUG1 could further affect the binding of EZH2 to the promoter regions of eNOS and BDNF, which may be a potential mechanism by which silencing of TUG1 alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction in HL-1 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the serum oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 in patients with unstable angina pectoris α (HIF-1α) . The expression significance and its relationship with the severity of coronary artery disease.Methods: 100 patients with unstable angina pectoris admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The results of coronary angiography diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed, and the severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated using the Gensini scoring method. 30 patients with a score of less than 20 were divided into a mild disease group, 45patients with a score of 20-50 were divided into a moderate disease group, and 25 patients with a score of more than 50 were divided into a severe disease group. Comparison of serum ox-LDL and HIF-1 levels among three groups of patients α Expression levels and analysis of serum ox-LDL and HIF-1α Correlation with the severity of coronary artery disease. Subsequently, 100 patients with unstable angina undergoing interventional treatment were divided into a non MACE group (n=79) and a MACE group (n=21) based on whether adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred after PCI. The clinical characteristics, serum ox-LDL, and HIF-1 levels of the two groups of patients were compared α Expression levels of ox-LDL and HIF-1 in serum were analyzed using logistic regression analysis α The predictive value of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Results: The serum expression levels of ox-LDL and HIF-1 α were significantly different between the three groups of patients with different degrees of severity, and the levels of ox-LDL and HIF-1 α were significantly higher than the moderate lesion group and mild lesion group (P＜0.05), while the moderate lesion group and mild lesion group were not significant (P＞0.05) ; Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that HIF-1α and ox-LDL were positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions in unstable angina (P＜0.05) . The significant difference between the two groups in terms of cardiac function class, left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI score, serum ox-LDL and HIF-1α levels (P＜0.05) ; Logistic regression analysis The results showed that ox-LDL and HIF-1α were independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events after PCI intervention for unstable angina (P＜0.05) . Conclusion: Serum ox-LDL and HIF-1 α There is a significant correlation between levels and the severity of coronary artery disease in unstable angina pectoris, and ox-LDL and HIF-1 α An independent risk factor for major cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina after interventional surgery. Clinical implications for HIF-1 α, Patients with unstable angina pectoris with elevated ox-LDL should take timely measures to prevent the occurrence of recent cardiovascular adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) tissues in children. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of JMJD2B and HIF-1α in lymph node tissue specimens from 46 children with NHL (observation group) and 24 children with reactive hyperplasia (control group). The relationship between JMJD2B and HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in children with NHL, as well as the correlation between JMJD2B and HIF-1α expression in NHL tissues, were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of JMJD2B (87% vs 21%) and HIF-1α (83% vs 42%) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of JMJD2B and HIF-1α was correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and the risk of international prognostic index in children with NHL (P<0.05). The expression of JMJD2B was positively correlated with the HIF-1α expression in children with NHL (rs=0.333, P=0.024). Conclusions JMJD2B and HIF-1α are upregulated in children with NHL, and they may play a synergistic role in the development of pediatric NHL. JMJD2B can serve as a novel indicator for auxiliary diagnosis, evaluation of the severity, treatment guidance, and prognosis assessment in pediatric NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AIM: To examine the potential involvement of cell division cycle protein 42（ Cdc42） in the development of right cardiac fibrosis induced by pulmonary arterial hypertension （PAH） in mice through the process of endothelialmesenchymal transition （EndMT）. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male C57BL/6 mice （5~8 weeks old） were randomly divided into 3 groups: normoxia control （NC） group, PAH model ［SU5416 （vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor）+hypoxia, SuHx］ group and SuHx+ML141（ Cdc42 inhibitor） group, with 6 mice in each group. After 4 weeks, all surviving mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for echocardiography and monitoring of right ventricular systolic pressure（ RVSP）. The morphological changes and fibrosis of mouse right ventricular myocardium were assessed using HE and Masson staining. Mouse heart endothelial cells were sorted using endothelial magnetic beads and treated under different conditions. The expression level of Cdc42 in cardiac tissues, and the expression levels of Cdc42 and EndMT-related proteins［ vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin（ α-SMA）, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1（ PECAM-1/CD31）, vascular endothelial （VE）-cadherin and zinc finger protein Snail］ in endothelial cells were detected by Western blot. The morphology of endothelial cells in different groups was observed under an inverted microscope. RESULTS: Compared with NC group, the Cdc42 level in mouse heart tissues of SuHx group, and that in cardiac endothelial cells of SuHx and hypoxia（ 72 h） groups were significantly increased. Additionally, EndMT was enhanced in cardiac endothelial cells of SuHx and hypoxia （72 h） groups, as evidenced by increased expression of vimentin and α-SMA, while the expression levels of CD31 and VE-cadherin were decreased （P<0. 05）. Subsequently, in vitro treatment with Cdc42 inhibitor ML141 （10 μmol/L） helped to restrain EndMT induced by endothelial hypoxia for 72 h. Furthermore, in vivo administration of ML141 （8 mg/kg） decreased RVSP, increased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion（ TAPSE）, and attenuated cardiac（ especially para-vascular） fibrosis （P<0. 01）. CONCLUSION: Cdc42 may play a role in right ventricular fibrosis in PAH mice through the up-regulation of EndMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients and analyze the risk and protective factors of severe/critical infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods Clinical data of 468 kidney transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of infection, they were divided into mild SARS-CoV-2 infection recipients (n=439) and SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group (n=29). Among the 439 mild SARS-CoV-2 infection recipients, 87 recipients who were randomly matched with their counterparts in the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group according to sex, age and transplantation time at a ratio of 3Ń1 were allocated into the mild SARS-CoV-2 infection group. Twenty-nine recipients in the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group were divided into the moderate SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group (n=21) and severe/critical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group (n=8). Baseline data of all recipients were collected. The risk and protective factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant recipients were identified. Results The proportion of recipients complicated with 2-3 types of complications in the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group was higher than that in the mild SARS-CoV-2 infection group, and the proportion of recipients treated with tacrolimus(Tac)+mizoribine+glucocorticoid immunosuppression regimen in the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group was lower than that in the mild SARS-CoV-2 infection group, and significant differences were observed (both P<0.05). In 29 kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group, white blood cells, the absolute values of lymphocytes, eosinophils, total T cells, CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells, and serum uric acid levels were significantly lower, whereas ferritin levels were significantly higher than the values prior to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and significant differences were observed (all P<0.05). Compared with the moderate SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia group, the proportion of recipients with hypoxemia was higher, the proportion of recipients treated with Tac/ciclosporin (CsA)+mycophenolate mofetil+glucocorticoid immunosuppression regimen was higher, and the proportion of recipients administered with 2-3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was lower in the severe/critical SARS)CoV-2 pneumonia group, and significant differences were observed (all P<0.05). Conclusions More complications and immunosuppression regimen containing mycophenolate mofetil are the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant recipients. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and immunosuppression regimen containing mizoribine are probably the protective factors for lowering the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) primarily secrete physiologically functional exosomes via paracrine effects that act on various adjacent and distant cells, thus exerting their therapeutic effects. In recent years, hypoxic preconditioning, as a novel MSC culture mode, has emerged as a research hotspot. Many previous studies have shown the role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of hypoxic preconditioning in various diseases, which has provided sufficient reference materials for the MSC research field. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress in application of hypoxia preconditioned MSC-derived exosomes that substantially increases and improves the biological activity of specific molecules, such as microRNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe novel coronavirus infection. Methods　Patients with severe novel coronavirus infection who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan City) from December 20, 2022 to January 20, 2023 were selected as research subjects. Gender, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), acid-base balance related indicators in arterial blood [pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), standard bicarbonate (SB), actual bicarbonate (AB), actual residual base (BD), lactic acid] and venous blood electrolyte related indicators (K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, P3+) were collected. The patients were divided into diabetes group and non diabetes group according to whether they had T2DM. The diagnosis of T2DM was based on the Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (2020 Edition). Comparisons between the two groups were conducted using t-test, χ2-test or Fisher′s test. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between pH and PO2 with various clinical indicators. Results　A total of 61 patients were included, including 31 patients in the diabetes group, 11 males and 20 females; there were 30 cases in non diabetes group, 17 males and 13 females. Compared with the non diabetes group, the FPG in the diabetes group was higher (P<0.001). The results showed that the arterial blood PO2, SB, AB and BD of patients with diabetes were lower than those of patients without diabetes; arterial blood lactate was higher (P<0.05); and both groups of patients had lower levels of PO2 and PCO2 than normal, while arterial blood lactate levels were higher than normal. The water and electrolyte indexes of the patients were analyzed. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, P3+in venous blood between the two groups (P> 0.05), but the Ca2+ in venous plasma of the two groups were lower than the normal level, the K+, Na+, P3+in blood were at the lower limit of normal, and the Cl- in blood was at the upper limit of normal. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that pH was independently and positively with SB (β= 0.800 t=2.33, P=0.24) and BD (β =0.955 t=2.71, P=0.009), and independently and negatively with PCO2 (β =-0.785, t=-4.56, P<0.001), and K+ (β =-0.112, t=-2.13, P=0.038); PO2 was independently positively correlated with Cl- (β =0.240, t=2.09, P=0.041), and independently negatively correlated with FPG (β=-0.266, t=-2.27, P=0.027). Conclusions　T2DM patients with severe novel coronavirus infection have higher blood glucose and more severe electrolyte disorder. Hyperglycemia may be an important reason for the decrease of PO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest altitude and largest area in the world. It has a unique geographical environment, with low temperature, low humidity, large temperature difference, strong ultraviolet radiation, low pressure and low oxygen. The heart is an organ that consumes a lot of oxygen, and is very sensitive to hypoxia. Cardiomyocytes are an important tool for studying the pathophysiological mechanism of myocardial structure and function, and cardiomyocyte culture technology has attracted much attention. In recent years, the research on the protection of cardiomyocytes by Chinese Tibetan medicine has become a research hotspot.The article mainly reviews the effects of plateau on myocardial cells and the cultivation and protection of myocardial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Patients who underwent lobectomy resection are prone to hypoxemia, and the vast majority present with type I respiratory failure. Thus, improvement of hypoxemia is one of the most important factors to facilitate postoperative recovery of patients. In this study, the superiority-inferiority of different oxygen inhalation methods were compared with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO), noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and nasal oxygen breath (NOB) in patients with hypoxemia after single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy, and the clinical efficacy of HFNO in these patients was further investigated. Methods A total of 180 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in China with hypoxemia who accepting single-port VATS lobectomy from June 2021 to March 2022 were randomly divided into three groups (n=60), which were treated with HFNO, NIMV and NOB, respectively. The results of arterial blood gas analysis, patient’s comfort score and incidence of complications were observed before, 1 h, 6 h-12 h and after use. Statistical analyses were conducted using statistical program for social sciences 25.0 (SPSS 25.0), and P

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recent studies have shown that PIWI-Interacting RNA (piRNA), a reproductive system regulator, participates in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorder. However, the role of piRNA in cardiomyocyte apoptosis has not been clarified; especially the mitochondria-dependent pathway involved is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the role and molecular mechanism of piRNA-5938 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial fission. METHODS: The abundance of piRNA in normal and ischemic/reperfusion hearts of mice and rats was detected by deep sequencing, and the results were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Cardiac apoptosis was induced by hydrogen peroxide or anoxia/reoxygenation, in which the expression level of piRNA-5938 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. piRNA-5938 antagomir was synthesized and transfected into cardiomyocytes and then the cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and mitochondrial division was evaluated by MitoTracker. RNAhybrid software was used to predict microRNAs that interact with piRNA-5938. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the expression levels of 422 piRNAs were changed in the mouse ischemic/reperfusion heart, of which 289 were up-regulated and 133 were down-regulated, and piRNA-5938 expression increased significantly (P < 0.01). The expression level of piRNA-5938 was significantly up-regulated after cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). piRNA-5938 was significantly increased after anoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P < 0.01). Compared with the negative control group, knockdown of piRNA-5938 significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.05). The mitochondrial fission induced by hydrogen peroxide was significantly inhibited by the knockdown of piRNA-5938 (P < 0.05). piRNA-5938 was highly conserved in complementation with mitochondrial fission regulators mir-324 and Mir-668. To conclude, piRNA-5938 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial fission, which probably functions through targeting mir-324 or mir-668. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), which is a common childhood disease, is a trending topic in clinical multidisciplinary research due to its detriment to the growth and development of children. Due to the wide variety and specificity of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, the clinical diagnosis of OSAHS is sophisticated and difficult and remains controversial in the field. This review summarizes the common diagnostic methods in OSAHS for children, including polysomnography,which is known as the current “gold standard”, pulse oximetry, fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, it emphasizes the new diagnostic critical value from Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children (2020) for children with OSAHS released by China in 2020: the obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) is ≥ 1 time/h; it also emphasizes the importance of history and physical examination to contribute to clinical diagnosis and treatment for children with OSAHS.

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations and treatment method of hypoxemia patients treated with of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with aortic balloon pump (IABP), and to improve the management, identification and analysis abilities of the clinicians for hypoxemia during the treatment of ECMO combined with IABP. Methods: The clinical data of one patient with cardiogenic shock complicated with hypoxemia treated with ECMO and IABP were collected, the etiology and treatment method of hypoxemia were analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: The patient, 48-year-old male, was hospitalized because of paroxysmal precordial pain for 1 d and exacerbation for 4 h. The coronary angiography was performed 1 h after hospitalization, and the proximal anterior descending branch occlusion was found, and the anterior descending branch stent was implanted. The patients’s intraoperative blood pressure was 92/60 mmHg and the heart rate was 110 min－1, and the IABP (1∶1 counterpulsation)was installed. The heart failure occurred in the patient on the second day after operation, and the patient failed the routine cardiotonic and diuretic treatments and was transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Department for the ECMO support. On the second day of ECMO support, the patient had a sudden aggravation in the circulation and respiration (the heart rate was raised up to 150－ 160 min－1, the blood pressure was dropped to 98/79 mmHg, the respiratory rate was increased to 35 min－1 ), and the percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was dropped to 89%. The bedside ultrasound examination results showed that and there was a weak motivation of ventricular of heart and the left ventricle was full. After investigation, it was considered to be caused by membranous pulmonary edema and high frequency of the IABP counterpulsation. The oxygenation state was obviously improved after optimizing the mechanical ventilation setting, the ECMO sweep flow was switched to 10 L·min－1, and a mass of water droplets were discharged from the membrane exhaust hole; after the IABP counterpulsation frequency was set as 1∶2, the patient’s condition was significantly relieved; finally the ECMO and IABP were successfully removed, and the patient recovered and was discharged from hospital. Conclusion: The non-alarm malfunction and improper setting of the extracorporeal equipment can lead to the decreasing of the support performance and aggravation of the disease; when the abnormity occurs, the essential vital signs of the patient should be maintained, then the malfunctions of the equipment should be checked quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia and immune escape are two main characteristics of tumors. Hypoxia is an important factor in promoting immune escape of tumors. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia induced lncRNA (HIL) is a key factor mediating hypoxia-promoted immune escape and is a potential marker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of tumors. HIL has good research and clinical transformation value and is expected to be a potential treatment target of tumor immunotherapy. In this article, we seek to summarize the latest research progress of HIL in the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, analyze various mechanisms of HIL inducing tumor immune escape from the perspectives of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell formation, glycolysis, immune cell infiltration, immune factor release, interfering with antigen presentation and up-regulation of immune checkpoint expression, and discuss the possibility and clinical significance of a new strategy of combined tumor therapy targeting HILs and immune checkpoints. Moreover, we also analyze the possible solutions to the key issues in the field of HIL, such as identification of universal and tissue-specific key HILs and their mechanism in regulating tumor immunity, clarification of the relationship between HIL and treatment efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, and realization of clinical transformation of new strategies of combined tumor therapy. This review provides a theoretical basis for the tumor treatment strategy of targeting HILs and immune checkpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To evaluate the effect of sugammadex on reducing the incidence of respiratory complications immediately after extubation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Methods A total of 90 children with adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were randomly divided into neostigmine + atropine group (N) and sugammadex group (S) (n=45 each).Neuromuscular functions were monitored after anesthesia induction. Rocuronium of 0.6 mg/kg was injected intravenously. When T2 of TOF appeared, group N received an injection of 0.02 mg/kg neostigmin+0.01 mg/kg atropine at the end of operation; Group S had sugammadex 2 mg/kg. Neuromuscular block (NMB) recovery time, extubation time and post anesthesia care unit (PACU) retention time were recorded along with respiratory complications of airway obstruction, hypoxemia, apnea, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, cough, nausea and vomiting. Results After muscle relaxation antagonism, recovery time of NMB was longer in group N than that in group S[(2.8±0.7) vs.(1.7±0.4) min, P<0.001].Compared with group N, extubation time[(29.5±4.4) vs.(20.1±3.6) min, P<0.001]and PACU retention time[(9.2±4.0) vs.(5.0±2.2), P=0.01]were significantly shorter in group S. In group S, 4 children (9%) were fewer than 10 children (22%) in group N with airway obstruction immediately after extubation (P=0.03), 7 children (16%) fewer than 16 children (35%) in group N with hypoxemia (P=0.04) and 1 child (2%) fewer than 5 children (11%) in group N with bronchospasm (P=0.04).Conclusion Compared with neostigmine, use of sugammadex for rocuronium antagonism can not only shorten postoperative extubation time and PACU retention time, but also lower the incidence of airway obstruction, hypoxemia and bronchospasm immediately after extubation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Methods The retrospective cohort assessed 14 604 postoperative patients who were admitted to PACU in a period of one year. Clinical data were collected, the incidence and potential risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of hypoxemia was 2.79%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the risk factors were age (≥65-year old), body mass index (BMI≥25), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA ≥Ⅱ), limb surgery, and thoracic surgery. Conclusions Hypoxemia is common in postoperative patients in PACU. Age, BMI, ASA classification, and surgical site are associated with postoperative hypoxemia. Doctors should pay attention and give timely treatment to high-risk patients to prevent hypoxemia in PACU.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for post-operative severe hypoxemia in patients with Stanford A aortic dissection. Methods Clinical data of 162 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection undergoing surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2016 to March 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in this study. According to their oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2) within 72 h after operation, they were divided into severe hypoxia group (≤100 mmHg) and non-severe hypoxemia group(>100 mmHg). The perioperative clinical indexes were compared between the 2 groups, and the risk factors of severe hypoxemia were analyzed. Results The incidence of severe hypoxemia was 50.6%(82/162) in the cohort. The severe hypoxia group had significantly longer time of mechanical ventilation, postoperative length of ICU stay and hospital stay when compared with the non-severe hypoxia group(all P < 0.05). The total mortality rate was 11.7%(19/162), with that in the severe group obviously higher than that of the other group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that BMI>24 kg/m2(OR=2.604, 95%CI: 1.055~6.427, P=0.038), preoperative PaO2/FiO2≤300 mmHg(OR=2.963, 95%CI: 1.283~6.841, P=0.011) and cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time >195 min(OR=1.007, 95%CI: 1.000~1.014, P < 0.044) were independent risk factors for post-operative severe hypoxemia after surgery. Conclusion BMI>24 kg/m2, preoperative PaO2/FiO2≤300 mmHg and CPB time>195 min are independent risk factors for post-operative severe hypoxemia after surgery of Stanford type A aortic dissection.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have become a research hotspot in the field of new drug development, and their paracrine effect has also been applied in the repair evaluation experiments of a variety of tissue injured cell models, but there is no research to explore whether their conditioned medium can repair the tight junction function of human placental trophoblast cells under hypoxia. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on cell viability and expression of tight junction factors in human placental choriocarcinoma trophoblast cell line BeWo under hypoxia. METHODS: BeWo cells were exposed to hypoxia induced by 1 000 μmol/L CoCl2 for 12 hours to construct the hypoxia model of placental barrier. For model evaluation, five indexes were measured, including cell viability and expression of hypoxia induced factors-1α, as well as three tight junction factors: zonula occludens 1, claudins 4 and claudins 8. Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium was added into hypoxia model to construct hypoxia intervention and reoxygenation groups. To investigate the potential mechanism of zonula occludens 1 expression recovery induced by mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium, insulin-like growth factor 1 hypoxia intervention and treatment groups were established, and the BeWo cell viability and zonula occludens 1 expression were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) BeWo cells viability, zonula occludens 1 and claudins 4 expression were reduced by CoCl2-mimic hypoxia, with hypoxia induced factors-1α mRNA and protein upregulation. However, the expression of claudins 8 mRNA was upregulated, and its protein was downregulated. (2) Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium improved BeWo cells viability and recovered expression level of hypoxia induced factors-1α and zonula occludens 1 under hypoxia induced by CoCl2, but it has no effect on claudins 4. (3) Insulin like growth factor-1 intervention alleviated the inhibition of hypoxia on the viability of BeWo cells, and upregulated the expression of zonula occludens 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the synthesis and release of glutamate acid in utricle hair cells in guinea pigs. Methods: Bilateral utricles of 4-week-old guinea pigs were isolated and treated in a constant oxygen (21% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2) condition for 30 minutes, respectively, in vitro. Western blotting and enzyme activity analysis were used to detect the activity and expression of glutaminase in hair cells and evaluate the change of synthesis of glutamate acid. The distributions of glutamate acid in utricles were detected by ELISA and immunofluorescence. Results: After exposed to hypoxia, the expression and activity of glutaminase, which are the key enzyme for synthesis of glutamate acid, did not change significantly. However, compared to the control group, ELISA results showed a 5.6% reduction of glutamate levels in hypoxia group (P<0.05), the results of immunofluorescence indicated that glutamate acid was more widely distributed in the basal area than area that close to kinocilium in cytoplasm of utricle hair cells in hypoxia group. Conclusion: Hypoxia treatment did not change the glutamate synthesis of hair cells, but increased the release of glutamate acid significantly in utricle hair cells in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: miR-17-5p can regulate the differentiation of adipocytes, but its action mechanism is not clear. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α can promote vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription and promote angiogenesis, and has a regulatory effect on adipocyte formation. However, the specific mechanism of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in regulating adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis is not clear OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-17-5p regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α mediated adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis. METHODS: miR-17-5p expression level and adipocyte differentiation and the expression of angiogenesis markers in mature adipocytes were verified by RTqPCR. The adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis markers expression of adipocyte transfecting with miR-17-5p inhibitor, pri-miR-17-5p mimic and hypoxia inducible factor-1α knockdown vector were determined by western blot assay. The proliferation of adipocytes was detected by Oil Red O staining assay and MTT assay after transfection with miR-17-5p inhibitor, pri-miR-17-5p mimic and hypoxia inducible factor-1α knockdown vector. The predicted relationship between miR-17-5p and hypoxia inducible factor-1α was further verified by EGFP report gene assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared to immature adipocyte, miR-17-5p was highly expressed in mature adipocyte (P < 0.05); overexpression of miR-17-5p increased the adipocyte proliferation (P < 0.05), and upregulated adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis markers level (P < 0.05). (2) The miR-17-5p directly targeted with hypoxia inducible factor-1α 3′UTR; knockdown hypoxia inducible factor-1α inhibited the adipocyte proliferation (P < 0.05), and decreased adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis markers level (P < 0.001). (3) It is concluded that miR-17-5p regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α mediated adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous study demonstrated that hypoxia preconditioning promoted mesenchymal stem cells survival and their therapeutic efficacy, and this effect was mediated by hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α). However, specific downstream mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of hypoxia preconditioning on the survival and vascularization potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and explore the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α/MALAT1/VEGFA pathway. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained and cultured in vitro. Cells were divided into hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia control groups (20% O2), and cultured for 24 hours. Cells proliferation, apoptosis and vascularization were evaluated. The expression of HIF-1α, MALAT1, and VEGFA was detected. HIF-1α and MALAT1 were inhibited by their siRNAs separately. HIF-1α siRNA scramble and MALAT1 siRNA scramble were used as negative controls before hypoxia preconditioning. Alterations of the molecules were examined and compared in different groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the normoxia control group, cell viability was significantly enhanced; and cell apoptosis percentage was significantly declined in the hypoxia group; vascular lumen like structure was also increased significantly in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01); expression of HIF-1α, MALAT1, and VEGFA was significantly increased in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01). (2) After the inhibition of HIF-1α and hypoxia preconditioning, both MALAT1 and VEGFA expression levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGFA was also significantly suppressed after the blockage of MALAT1 (P < 0.01). (3) This study suggested that hypoxia preconditioning effectively promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell survival and vascularization through the activation of HIF-1α/MALAT1/VEGFA pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the influence of chronic intermittent hypoxia on hearing in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Method PTA and DPOAE were recorded in 220 ears of children suffering from OSAHS and 60 ears of healthy children. The results were analyzed. Results There was nostatistical difference between the mild OSAHS group and the control group in PTA and single frequencies（P＞0.05）. There was statistical difference between the moderate and severe OSAHS group and the control group in PTA at 4 kHz and 8 kHz（P＜0.05）. There was no statistical difference between the mild OSAHS group and the control group in the amplitudes of DPOAE（P＞0.05）. There was statistical difference between the moderate and severe OSAHS group and the control group in the amplitudes of DPOAE at 6 kHz and 8 kHz（P＜0.05）.The high-frequency hearing loss of the moderate and severe OSAHS group was positively correlated with ODI（P＜0.05）and negatively correlated with LSaO2（P＜0.05），but had no significant correlation with AHI，MSaO2 and T90（P＞0.05）. Conclusion Chronic period hypoxia may be an independent factor influencing auditory function in childhood OSAHS.The degree and frequency of blood oxygen saturation decrease are closely related to the hearing impairment of OSAHS children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in the apoptosis model of cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. Under normal and hypoxic conditions, the expression of miR-145 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. miR-145 inhibitor and mimic were transfected into the primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The transfected cardiomyocytes were cultured in closed anoxic box (95% N 2 and 5% CO2 ) at 37 ℃ . Ischemiareperfusion (I/R) of animal model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Overexpression of miR-145 can inhibit hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The cells were more sensitive to hypoxia after transfection with miR-145 inhibitor. The levels of miR-145 in ischemic myocardium tissue were significantly lower than the surrounding non-ischemic myocardium tissue at 0.5 h, 1 h and3h after ischemia. The levels of miR-145 were significantly down-regulated at 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h of hypoxia. MiR-145 in mimic group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while apoptotic cells (%) and infarct size/area at risk (%) were significantly lower than that of the control group. Mir-145 can inhibit hypoxia-induced myocardial cell apoptosis and reduce the myocardial infarction area caused by ischemia reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine the expression of gap junction protein and the changes of hemichannel function after hypoxia preconditioning of neural stem cells, which provided a theoretical basis for exploring the communication between neural stem cells after hypoxia preconditioning. Create a standardized preconditioning procedure and reproducibly expose the NSCs to hypoxia. Explore the best time for neural stemcells to be exposed to hypoxia without increasing necrosis. Methods: The expression of cx43, cx36, and cx47 in the neural stem cells of the control group and the hypoxia-preconditioned neurons were determined by immunohistochemical method at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h, respectively. The calcein dye efflux experiments was observed by laser confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe changes in hemichannell function. Results: Compared with the control group (1.03+0.14%), the necrosis rate of neural stem cells in 8 hours (3.05+0.40%) and 12 hours (5.51+0.31%) exposed to 0.5% oxygen was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of cx43, Cx36 and Cx47 in neural stem cells increased significantly after hypoxic preconditioning for 4, 8 and 12 hours (P<0.05). Hypoxia pretreatment group had significantly enhanced hemichannel filtration function compared with the control group and the hemichannel blocker group. Conclusions: Hypoxic preconditioning can improve the expression of connexin and the half-channel filtration function of neural stem cells in a time-dependent manner. The optimal time for neural stem cells to be exposed to hypoxia without causing significant increase in necrosis is 4 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-0H-DPAT} can decrease brain temperature, which is the potential mechanism of its neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 8-0H-DPAT on hypoxia inducible factor 1a in the brain tissue of rats with diffuse axonal injury, and to explore the underlying mechanism of 8-0H-DPAT exerting neuroprotection in rats of diffuse axonal injury. METHODS: The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: model group (n=35), constant temperature group (n=35), 8-0H-DPAT group (n=35} and normal group (n=7). Excepting the nonnal group, rat models of diffuse axonal injury were established according to Marmarou method. Rat models in the constant temperature and 8-0H-DPAT were intraperitoneally injected with 8-0H-DPAT, but those in the model and normal groups were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline. The body temperature of rats in the constant temperature group was maintained at (37.0±0.5)0C using the blanket. The body temperature of rats was measured every 1 hour. Then, brain injury and hypoxia inducible factor 1a expression level were observed at 6, 12, 24, 72, and 168 hours after diffuse axonal injury in rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the constant temperature and model groups, brain temperature was significantly lower in the 8-0H-DPAT group at 1 hour following modeling (P < 0.05), became lowest at 2 hours (P < 0.05), and then gradually increased. (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that brain injury was more serious in the model group, followed by constant temperature group, and lightest in the 8-0H-DPAT group. (3) Results of immunohistochemistry and ELISA showed that the expression level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in the serum and brain tissue was lowest in the nonnal group. In the 8-0H-DPAT group, the expression level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α was increased at 6 hours after diffuse axonal injury, and peaked at 24 hours. Compared with the model group, the expression level of hypoxia inducible factor 1 a in serum and brain tissue in the constant temperature and 8-0H-DPAT groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), especially the 8-0H-DPAT group (P < 0.01 ). {4) These results imply that 8-0H-DPAT decreases hypoxia inducible factor 1a expression in brain tissue of diffuse axonal injury rats by reducing brain temperature, alleviates the degree of nerve injury, and exerts a neuroprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effect of a new PHD inhibitor Roxadustat on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and its possible mechanism .Method: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (sham), injury group (IR), injury + low dose group (IR+Rox10 mg/kg) and injury + high dose group (IR+Rox25 mg/kg). Except for the sham operation group, the other groups were given drugs at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h before modeling, and blood samples were taken at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after modeling to detect serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN), 1 d, 2 d and 5 d for pathological examination. In addition, the hypoxia model was established by HK-2 cells, and the changes of cell viability and apoptosis, as well as the expression of apoptosis pathway protein and HIF-1 α were measured. Result: Compared with sham group and IR group, the levels of Scr and BUN in high dose group were significantly lower than those in low dose group, and the levels of Scr and BUN in high dose group were significantly lower than those in low dose group, and the morphological damage was lighter and the apoptosis was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Cytological experiments showed that Roxadustat could increase the vitality of HK-2 cells under hypoxia, reduce apoptosis, inhibit the increase of Bax induced by hypoxia and increase the expression of Bcl-2, while HIF-1 α inhibitor 2 MeOE2, It can eliminate the inhibitory effect of Roxadustat on apoptosis. Conclusion: Roxadustat can protect the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through up-regulating the expression of HIF-1 α, inhibiting the expression of apoptosis pathway-related proteins and reducing apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effect of hypoxia on the endotoxin tolerance (ET) of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), and preliminarily investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: hPDLFs were cultured and identified after human periodontium were cut into pieces and digested with trypsin. Then to observe the effect of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) on the secretions of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 by hPDLFs, HIF-1αwas overexpressed by lentivirus vector in normoxia or inhibited by specific inhibitor YC-1 in hypoxia. Result: ① When hPDLFs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) again, the secretions of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were not significantly reduced compared with the initial stimulation in hypoxia (P>0.05), indicating that the activities of ET in hPDLFs were inhibited in hypoxia. ② Compared with the HIF-1α unoverexpressed group, the secretion of inflammatory factor IL-6 or IL-8 by hPDLFs was not significantly decreased in the HIF-1α overexpressed group upon LPS re-stimulation in normoxia (P>0.05), while the secretion was significantly inhibited when the expression of HIF-1αin hPDLFs was inhibited in hypoxia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypoxia may inhibit hPDLFs ET through inducing the expression of HIF-1α to enhance the immune injury of periodontal tissues, suggesting a new potential mechanism for hypoxia aggravating periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effect ofhypoxia on the invasion ability ofretinoblastoma cell and its underlying mechanism. Methods: HXO-RB44 cells were cultured under normoxia (21%O O2) and hypoxia(1%O O2) conditions for 24 hours. The effect of hypoxia on invasion ability of HXO-RB44 cells were monitored with transwell invasion assay; the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1a and MMP9 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot; luciferase assay was performed to assess the HIF-1a regulation by hypoxia, and MMP9 regulation by HIF-1a. Furthermore, HIF-1a and MMP9 siRNA was used to investigate the effect of HIF-1a/MMP9 signaling on hypoxia induced cell invasion. Results: The invaded cell number，mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1a and MMP9 in hypoxia group were higher than those in the normoxia group (P<0.05). The activity of MMP9 in HIF-1a overexpression group was higher than that of the vector group (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxia group，the activity ofHIF-1a in hypoxia group was significantly elevated (P< 0.05). Compared with negative control group，the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1a and MMP9 in HIF-1a siRNA group were re¬markedly decreased (P<0.05)，whereas the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1a in MMP9 siRNA group didn't change. The invaded cells in HIF-1a siRNA group and MMP9 siRNA group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypoxia promotes the inva¬sion ofretinoblastoma cell line HXO-RB44 and the activation ofHIF-1a/MMP9 signaling pathway is involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]