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Cyclodextrin (CD) can form inclusion complexes with the guest molecule through supramolecular interaction, preserving or even enhancing the properties of the guest molecule. Molecular simulation is an important research tool to explore the interaction of CD with the guest molecule, which has been widely used in research on cyclodextrin inclusion reaction. In this paper, a brief overview of molecular simulations including quantum mechanics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation was given, and the basic principles of and mainstream software and commonly used force fields for molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were summarized. Moreover, recent progresses on their application in cyclodextrin inclusion research were reviewed from four aspects: characterization of molecular structure changes, characterization of intermolecular interaction, solvent effects and synergistic stabilization. Research results show that the size of the hydrophobic cavity and the initial orientation of the guest within the cavity have very important effects on the structure of guest/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes; van der Waals interactions are the major driving force for the cyclodextrin inclusion reaction, and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds is an important factor for the stability of the inclusion complex. The explicit solvent model is a powerful tool to study the solvent effect of the cyclodextrin inclusion reaction. Finally, the authors believe that molecular simulation will be useful for further investigations of the cyclodextrin inclusion process from the perspectives of multi-scale phenomena and machine learning.

Grain and oil products, the most basic materials for human survival, are subject to various factors such as temperature, moisture, oxygen and microorganisms, triggering a series of biochemical reactions which can cause the generation of off-flavors such as sour and rancid odor. Clarifying the types and formation mechanism of rancid odor compounds and regulating them can help greatly improve the quality of grain and oil products. This article summarizes the key volatile compounds contributing to rancid odor produced during the storage and processing of grain and oil products, and clarifies their formation mechanisms from three aspects: lipid hydrolysis and oxidation, protein oxidative aggregation and the interaction between volatile and non-volatile compounds. Furthermore, the control measures to remove or mask the rancid odor are reviewed. The removal methods mainly include biological breeding and improvement, new storage and preservation technologies, traditional and emerging processing techniques and chemical methods; the masking methods include encapsulation technology based on host-guest interaction, aroma enhancement with exogenous enzymes and the addition of exogenous aroma enhancing ingredients. This paper can provide a theoretical reference and technical support for rancid odor control and flavor quality improvement of grain and oil products.

Cyclodextrin, which has a unique “outer hydrophilic and inner hydrophobic” structure, can be used as an excellent carrier to protect volatile bioactive compounds that are susceptible to oxidative degradation for improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability. In this paper, we summarize the structures and properties of cyclodextrins and elucidate their inclusion mechanism with respect to the interactions between the host cyclodextrins and guest molecules and the factors influencing them including the inclusion reaction between cyclodextrin monomers and guests, the self-assembly behavior of cyclodextrin monomers, and the inclusion mechanism between the supramolecular system formed by this self-assembly behavior and guest molecules. Then, the mechanism for the interface stability of cyclodextrins in the presence and absence of surfactants and the mechanism by which composite emulsifiers formed from the self-assembly of cyclodextrins with a surfactant stabilize guests. Finally, the release mechanism and the kinetic models of sustained release of guest molecules from inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins as well as the factors affecting them are elucidated, and future research prospects of cyclodextrins in the supramolecular field are discussed in order to provide a reference for follow-up research.

BackgroundIn a tokamak, when fast electrons are deconfined by the tokamak magnetic field constraint and lost to the vacuum wall or limiter, the device may become damaged and the discharge may be affected.PurposeThis study aims to explore the loss behavior of fast electrons during discharge using a diagnostic system based on a ZnS(Ag) scintillator probe for detecting the loss of fast electrons on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST).MethodsThe Geant4 simulation program was employed to simulate the interaction between electrons in different initial states and the scintillator probe of the diagnostic system. Firstly, the probe model and the filling material model of stainless steel and ZnS(Ag) coating were established in Geant4. Then, the interaction between electron beam and scintillator probe under different incident conditions (incident energy, angle, scintillator thickness, magnetic field size, etc.) were simulated, and the physical processes were recorded. Finally, the recorded data were accessed by MATLAB programming for analysis.ResultsThe results show that the contribution of secondary electrons and initial electrons to the luminescence intensity of scintillators occupies different dominant energy ranges. The luminescence intensity first increases and then decreases with the increase of incident electron energy, with a peak value around 12 MeV, and the number of emitted photons at oblique incidence is greater than that at vertical incidence. When the electron energy is lower than 4.3 MeV, secondary particles dominate the scintillation, and when the electron energy is higher than 4.3 MeV, primary particles dominate. The thickness of the scintillator has no significant effect on the peak position. After, the luminous intensity is considerably affected by the magnetic field angle and electron pitch angle after adding a magnetic field.ConclusionsThe results of this study contribute to the understanding of the fast electron loss signal detected by the scintillator probe in the EAST experiments, providing a basis for further study of fast electron loss.

Objective: To evaluate value of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early renal hypoxia assessment in chronic kidney disease(CKD). Methods: Fifty-two patients with CKD and 52 age- and sex-matched health volunteers underwent BOLD MRI of the kidneys. Serum creatinine (sCr) levels and estimated GFR (eGFR) were collected. The patients were classified into 5 stages according to the National Kidney Foundation′s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Difference in R2*s were compared between patients and volunteers and among different stages of CKD. Results: In patients with CKD and volunteers, R2* of renal medulla was higher than that of renal cortex (P0.05). However, medullar R2*s were lower in patients with CKD1 [(16.55 ± 2.12)/s], CKD4 [(16.48 ± 2.95)/s], or CKD5 [(13.99 ± 2.21)/s] than those in volunteers [(18.17± 2.38)/s] (P

BackgroundScintillator-based fast-ion loss detector (FILD) can measure the velocity-space distribution of fast-ion loss and are key in studying the control mechanism of fast-ion loss in nuclear fusion devices.PurposeThis study aims to obtain the velocity-space distribution of fast-ion loss from corresponding FILD data and evaluate the capacity of current FILD probe for the further improvement of diagnostic design.MethodsThe FILDSIM code was employed to establish the linkage between the fast-ion image digitized by FILD and the velocity-space distribution of fast-ion loss. The detection coverage of fast ions on the scintillator was assessed through reverse tracing of the lost fast ions, considering the geometry of the FILD probe as well as the pitch angle and gyroradius of fast ions entering the pinhole of the FILD probe.ResultsThe obtained velocity-space distribution of fast-ion loss under ICRH indicates that the energy of lost fast hydrogen minority ions is above 200 keV. Moreover, analysis shows that the geometry of the probe, particularly the shell behind the scintillator, obstructs the diagnostic detection range, creating a null region on the scintillator.ConclusionsThe acquisition of the velocity-space distribution of fast-ion loss lays the foundation for further evaluation and control of fast-ion loss under ion cyclotron resonance heating. In addition, the investigation of the probe detection range provides a basis for upgrading diagnostic systems.

This paper introduced the design and application of the mask for preventing glasses from fogging, in order to ensure the protecting effect and improve the Comfort of wearing the mask.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection through intramuscular injection for the treatment of acute bronchitis in children. Methods A prospective study was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022, including 78 children with acute bronchitis from three hospitals using a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled design. The participants were divided into a test group (conventional treatment plus Xiyanping injection; n= 36) and a control group (conventional treatment alone; n=37) in a 1:1 ratio. Xiyanping injection was administered at a dose of 0.3 mL/(kg⋅d) (total daily dose ≤8 mL), twice daily via intramuscular injection, with a treatment duration of ≤4 days and a follow-up period of 7 days. The treatment efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate on the 3rd day after treatment in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the total effective rate on the 5th day between the two groups (P>0.05). The rates of fever relief, cough relief, and lung rale relief in the test group on the 3rd day after treatment were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The cough relief rate on the 5th day after treatment in the test group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the fever relief rate and lung rale relief rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The cough relief time, daily cough relief time, and nocturnal cough relief time in the test group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the fever duration and lung rale relief time between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The overall efficacy of combined routine treatment with intramuscular injection of Xiyanping injection in the treatment of acute bronchitis in children is superior to that of routine treatment alone, without an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to establish a method for the determination of peroxide value in fats and oils for feedstuffs. The peroxide value in the feed raw material catalog was selected as mandatory representative sample. Through the optimization of different sample pretreatment methods and the determination of sample determination methods, a potentiometric titration method was established to determine the peroxide value in feed raw material oil. The results showed that LOD and LOQ of method used in the experiment were 0.08, 0.30 mmol/kg, respectively, and RSD of the method used in the experiment were 0.8%~4.9% and 0.7%~7.8%, respectively. The study indicates that the method used in experiment is accurate and reliable, which can be used to detect the fats and oils for feedstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the prediction model of the initial flowering period of fragrant pears in Xinjiang, and identify the most suitable flower viewing day of fragrant pears during the flowering period, the meteorological elements and the daily sequences of the initial flowering period of fragrant pears production areas in Aksu, Alar, Luntai and Korla of Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed by the stepwise regression method, and the prediction model of the meteorological index of fragrant pears main production areas in Korla of Xinjiang was established in combination with the human comfort index, which was expected to provide reference for Xinjiang Tourism meteorological service. The results showed that: (1) the composition factors of the prediction model for the initial flowering period of Korla fragrant pear in Xinjiang were the average maximum temperature in March, the soil temperature in depth of 0cm in March, the average temperature in March, and the soil temperature in depth of 40cm in March. There was a linear relationship (negative correlation) between the diurnal sequence and the air temperature at the beginning of flowering in Alar and Korla, and a linear relationship (multiple correlation) between the soil temperature and air temperature in Aksu and Luntai. The probability of model error within 3 days in normal years was 93.5% in Alar, 93.5% in Aksu, 100% in Korla and 96.8% in Luntai. (2) The optimized human comfort index was divided into four levels: the most suitable, sub-suitable, general and unsuitable. The most suitable days for the optimized human comfort index were 22 days in Alar, 24 days in Aksu, 16 days in Korla and 18 days in Luntai before and after the flowering period in 2022. (3) The meteorological index of fragrant pear flower appreciation takes the intersection of the suitable flowering period and the human comfort index, and was divided into four grades: the most suitable (five-star recommended index), sub-suitable (four-star recommended index), general (three-star recommended index) and unsuitable (one-star recommended index). In 2022, the five-star recommended flower viewing days were from April 11 to April 14 in Aksu, from April 10 to April 15 in Alar, from April 10 to April 15 in Korla, and from April 11 to April 14 in Luntai, respectively. The simulation results were in line with the reality. The meteorological index of fragrant pear flower appreciation, combined with the body temperature and the flowering period, had good application value and potential in the follow-up prediction of fragrant pear initial flowering period and the tourism meteorological service in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of Naotaifang( Brain Blood-activating Formula, NTF)on rat cortical neurons injury induced by hemoglobin( Hb) in vitro. Methods Primary cortical neurons from newborn SD rats were cultured and induced by Hb( 10micmol/L) to simulate iron overload of neurons after ICH. The cultured neurons were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, blank serum group, 10% NTF gmedicated serum roup and deferoxamine ( DFX) group. Neuron viability was detected by CCK8 assay. The content of iron in neurons was detected by Calcein-AM staining. The protein expressions of transferring ( Tf), transferrin receptor (TfR) and divalent metal ion transporter DMT1 ) in neurons were detected by immunofluorescent staining and high content analysis (HCA). The content of lipid ROS was detected by using ELISA assay. The expressions of mRNA,Tf, TfR and DMT1 were detected with real-time PCR. Results Compared with the normal group, in the model group the neuron viability was markedly decreased(P <0.01), the iron and lipid ROS levels were significantly increased (P <0.01), and the expression of mRNA,Tf, TfR and DMT-1 were srgnificantly up-regulated(P <0.01). Compared with model group,in DFX and NTF groups, the neuron viability was srgnificantly increased (P <0.01 orP<0. 05); the levels of iron and lipid ROS were significantly decreased(P <0. 01) ; moreover, the expression levels of Tf, TfR, DMT-1 and mRNA were markedly down-regulated(P <0. 01 or P <0. 05) . No significant difference was observed between the DFX group and 10% NTF group (P >0. 05). Conclusion NTF might alleviate the iron overload and lipid ROS accumulation of Hb by regulating the iron metabolism in induced rat cortical neurons injury, so as to improve the activity of neurons. Its effect seems to be consistent with that of ferroptosis inhibitor DFX, suggesting that NTF could possibly exert neuroprotective effect by inhibiting ferroptosis of neurons after ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Soil water controls all physical and biological processes in soil and understanding its dynamics is central to improving agronomic and irrigation management. The objective of this paper is to analyze soil water variation in winter wheat fields across Huaibei plain in attempts to provide baseline data to help improve agricultural water management in this region. 【Methods】 Soils in the studied areas are predominantly luvisol soil and the analysis was based on soil water content measured from 1992 to 2018 over the wheat fields in Huaibei plain. For each growth stage of the wheat, we set a threshold soil moisture below which the wheat was deemed to suffer water stress. Spatiotemporal change in soil water content was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test, the sliding T-test, and the Kriging interpolation. 【Result】 ①Soil water content in the top 0~20 cm soil has been in decline while the water content at the depth of 50 cm has been in increase over the past few decades. Across the plain, soil water content at the depths of 10 cm, 20 cm and 50 cm did not show massive upheaval. ②The probability of soil water content dropping below the thresholds at jointing - heading stage, heading - milk ripe stage and milk ripe -ripping stage was 38.5%, 46.2% and 46.2% respectively. In contrast, the probability of soil water content exceeding the threshold at reviving - jointing stage was high, indicating that water stress is unlikely to occur during this stage. ③Spatially, water content in the surface soil was the highest in the southwest and the least in the middle, while soil water content at the depth of 50 cm decreases from the south to the north. ④The probability that soil water content at Bengbu and Mengcheng dropped below the threshold at the jointing - heading stage was 45.5% and 50.0% respectively, and increased to 62.0% and 38.1% respectively at the heading - milk ripe stage. 【Conclusion】 Soil water content measured from the past 30 years indicated that the surface soil moisture in the winter wheat field is likely to continue to decrease, making the winter wheat, especially at seedling stage, prone to water stress. Improving irrigation is hence required in the areas proximal to Bengbu and Mengcheng to safeguard their wheat production.

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The active effect of soil Cd and Zn and their interaction was studied in typical paddy field in south China by monitoring the contents of Cd and Zn in soil and rice in rice fields applied with pig manure, chicken manure or rice straw for 4 years continuously. The results showed that applying pig manure, chicken manure or rice straw had no significant impact on the soil total Cd content , soil available Cd content and soil Cd activity, but tended to increase the soil total Cd content and increased the soil total Zn content, soil available Zn content and Zn activity significantly. Applications of pig manure, chicken manure and rice straw all reduced the Cd content of brown rice, in order of pig manure > chicken manure > rice straw. The Cd contents of brown rice, stem and leaf in the treatment applied with pig manure were lower than in the control by 37.5% , 44.0% and 36.4%, respectively; the Cd contents of brown rice, stem and leaf in the treatment applied with chicken manure were lower than in the control by 22.5% , 33.8% , and 22.7% , respectively; the Cd content of brown rice in the treatment applied with rice straw was lower than in the control by 7.5% but its contents in stem and leaf increased by 8.2% and 22.7% , respectively. The reduction in the brown rice Cd content was mainly due to the reduction of Cd enrichment from soil to brown rice alter application of pig or chicken manure, but mainly due to the reduction of Cd transportation from stem to brown rice alter straw application. Applications of pig manure, chicken manure and rice straw increased Zn contents in rice stem by 53.4%, 53.4% and 13.9%, respectively, but all had no significant effect on brown rice and leaf's Zn contents. Zn and Cd had the significant antagonistic effects in the soil and rice stem. The increase of Zn content in soil and rice stem inhibited the adsorption and accumulation of Cd in the brown rice, stem and leaf significantly, and with the increase of the proportion of Zn/Cd, the competitive absorption between Cd and Zn by rice was the main control factor affecting the Cd absorption by rice than their competitive adsorption by soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general purpose processors support multi-core parallelism on a chip and SIMD parallelism in each core. Although GCC complier makes use of the auto-vectorization for SIMD parallelism, the effects of auto-vectorization for OpenMP program is far from the expectation. Based on the implementation of the OpenMP compilation in GCC, we extend complier directives with data alignment attribute directive for OpenMP program. Our work enables GCC to make a more accurate estimation on the alignment of data access, and optimizes the auto vectorization in GCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the appearance and development of universities laboratories, the traditional management mode based mainly on teachers can not meet the requirement of the era. The paper summarized three defects by analyzing the college students on campus learning state to open laboratory as a benchmark and then put forward the concept of the college students' open laboratory management mode based on "The Secondary Management between Teachers and Students". This management mode means the students participate in the laboratory's management through setting up a corresponding group division of the labor and distribution system, the financial management system and the teachers and students work allocation system, and achieves the purpose that students and teachers construct the laboratory together in the end. Thus, most of the energy of teachers can be pulled out from the heavy lab management work and thus can save the teaching resources. The students' interpersonal skills will also get exercise and improve well through participating in lab work organization and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of real time-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR-RFLP) for differentiation and detection of wild-type and vaccine viruses of canine distemper virus (CDV) in Shandong, China during 2010-2011. It says that a pair of primers was designed according to Orderstepoort strain's hemagglutinin (H) gene sequence. Results showed that the RT-PCR-RFLP can be used to discover and distinguish wild-type CDV from vaccine strains.

The article discusses a study of in vitro inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication by short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) targeting to 5' untraslated region (UTR). RNA interfering efficiency was assayed by fluorocyte and cytopathic effect observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real time PCR. It states that shRNA targeting to 5' UTR could inhibit PRRSV replication that is essential for infectivity of porcine reproductive.

A laboratory experiment with orthogonal design was conducted to study the effects of factors salinity, temperature, and light intensity on the growth and toxin production of Chattonella marina. Three levels of salinity (22, 33, and 45), temperature (20 °C,25 °C, and 30 °C) and light intensity (2000,3000, and 4500 lx) were installed. In all treatments, the three factors had no significant effects on the growth of C. marina, but salinity significantly affected the toxin production of C. marina. Under salinity 45, temperature 30 °C and light intensity 2000 lx, C. marina had the maximal growth rate;under salinity 22, temperature 20 °C and light intensity 4500 lx, the toxin production of C. marina was the maximal. Low salinity was not favorable to the C. marina growth but favorable to its haemolytic toxin production. When the growth of C. marina was limited, its haemolytic toxin production increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Optimizing resource allocation is one of the important goals of financial reform in China. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the establishment of the national comprehensive financial reform pilot zones on land resource allocation efficiency, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further improving the land resource allocation efficiency improvement system. [Methods] This study took the establishment of the national comprehensive financial reform pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment and analyzed the impact of financial reform on land resource allocation efficiency based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities from2008 to 2019 by using the progressive difference-in-differences method. [Results] (1) The benchmark regression results show that the establishment of the comprehensive financial reform pilot zones significantly improved land resource allocation efficiency. The results remain stable after a series of robustness tests, including parallel trend test, placebo test, interference exclusion policy, replacement of explained variables and sample period, multi-time heterogeneous robustness test, synthetic difference-in-differences test, and propensity score matching. (2) There was a significant heterogeneity in the impact of the establishment of the national comprehensive financial reform pilot zones on the urban land resource allocation efficiency. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the national financial reform pilot policy had a more significant promoting effect on land resource allocation efficiency in industrial cities, cities with low financial development levels, and cities with abundant land supply. (3) The results of mechanism analysis show that the establishment of the national comprehensive financial reform pilot zones could improve land resource allocation efficiency by improving the marketization level of land transfer and accelerating industrial agglomeration. [Conclusion] The establishment of the national comprehensive financial reform pilot zones can further play a role in optimizing land resource allocation on the basis of deepening the reform of the finance system. Therefore, leveraging financial reform to its fullest extent in enhancing land resource allocation efficiency, promoting the reform of financial system reform, and optimizing the factors’ allocation are effective ways to achieve the goal of high-quality economic development.

Objective To explore the feasibility of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) in shortening the scanning time through water phantom experiments. Methods The control variable method based on phantom, was adopted to depict the curves of scanning time varying with the number of excitation (NEX) ，matrix，and resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subjective image quality of different DLR with high, medium and low noise reduction levels (DLR_H, DLR_M, DLR_L) and traditional reconstruction (ConR) were analyzed, including the four-point assessment of sharpness and detail clarity, and distortion degree, and the curves of changes were depicted and the fitting curves were calculated. Results The positive correlation between NEX and resolution with MRI scanning time and SNR was consistent in ConR and DLR reconstructions with different noise reduction levels. Specifically, under the same NEX and resolution conditions, the SNR of ConR, DLR_L, DLR_M, and DLR_H increased sequentially. When the matrix was fixed at 512×512 while images with subjective evaluation score of 3 or 4 were taken as satisfactory ones, the images reconstructed by DLR can obtain satisfactory sharpness, distortion degree and detail display, and when NEX were 3, 4, 5 and 7 and 11, image details were displayed best while scanning time was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the distortion of images achieved satisfactory results with NEX of 2, 4, 5, and 6. Also, satisfactory detail display was obtained when NEX was 3, 5, 7 and 11. All the above combinations of NEX and resolution saved scanning time from 31 to 244 seconds. Similarly, as the resolution increased, the image scores of the sharpness and detail display gradually increased and. distortion degree decreased. When NEX was fixed at 6, the images reconstructed by DLR_H, DLR_M, DLR_L and ConR obtained satisfactory sharpness ；When the matrix was 320×320, 384×384, 448×448 and 640×640,, the scanning time was 141 seconds, 141 seconds, 187 seconds and 232 seconds, respectively. DLR_H and DLR_M achieved a smaller distortion degree at the 512×512 matrix, while DLR_L and ConR required a higher imaging matrix and longer scanning time to obtain similar image quality. For detail clarity, DLR_H achieved satisfactory detail display when the matrix was 512×512, and the scanning time was less than that of DLR_M, DLR_L and ConR. Conclusions DLR, especially DLR_H, while reducing NEX and resolution to shorten the MRI scanning time, may not only maintain a satisfactory SNR and image detail clarity, but also achieve higher image clarity and lower distortion degree.

Flavor substances play an important role in foods, but their stability is poor, and they are susceptible to external environments, causing their loss or deterioration. The application of encapsulation and controlled release can effectively improve the stability and release characteristics of flavor substances. Cellulose-based materials are widely used in the encapsulation and controlled release of flavor substances as wall materials, material reinforcing phases or interfacial stabilizers due to their wide range of sources and excellent properties. This article summarizes the classification of cellulose-based materials, the characteristics of flavor encapsulation technology, the interaction between cellulose-based materials and flavor substances and the mechanism and regulatory strategies of flavor release, and discusses recent trends and future prospects for the application of cellulose-based materials in the encapsulation and controlled release of flavor compounds, which will provide a theoretical reference for the application of cellulose-based materials in sustained and controlled release of flavor compounds.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of Adrenergic receptor beta 2（ADRβ2） gene, Orosomucoid1-like protein 3（ORMDL3） gene and positive asthma predictive index （API） in wheezing children. Methods One hundred and twenty four wheezing children aged under 5 years old were divided into the positive （n =66） and negative API groups （n = 58）.The SNP loci of ADRβ2 R16G and ORMDL3 rs12603332 of childhood asthma susceptibility genes were selected. Genotyping was performed between two groups by using TaqMan probe assay. The distribution differences of these SNP loci were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the genotypes of ORMDL3 rs12603332 between the positive and negative API groups（2= 2.524,P > 0.05）. In the positive API group, the proportion of AA was the highest in ADRβ2 R16G genotype, followed by AG and GG. In the negative API group, the proportion of AG was the highest, followed by GG and AA. The proportion of AA in the positive API group was significantly higher than that in the negative API group（2= 25.358,P < 0.05）. AG and GG genotypes of ADRβ2 was protective factors of positive API. Compared with AA, AG and GG were 18.8% and 6.4% of the probability of positive API. Conclusions The genotypes of ADRβ2 R16G between positive and negative API groups are different in wheezing children under 5 years old, and the wheezing children with AA genotype may have a higher risk of developing asthma. ADRβ2 may be combined with API as a clinical indicator for the diagnosis of childhood asthma.There is no consistency between ORMDL3 rs12603332 and API in predicting asthma.

Objective: To report on a case of Kabuki syndrome (KS) due to a novel variant of KMT2D gene., Methods: A child diagnosed with KS at the Fujian Children's Hospital on July 25, 2022 was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing was carried out for the child and her parents. Candidate variant was validated by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis., Results: The child, a 4-month-old female, had presented with distinctive facial features, growth retardation, cardiac malformations, horseshoe kidney, hypothyroidism, and recurrent aspiration pneumonia. Whole exome sequencing revealed that she has harbored a heterozygous c.6285dup (p.Lys2096Ter) variant of the KMT2D gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that neither of her parents had carried the same variant. The variant was previously unreported and may result in a truncated protein and loss of an enzymatic activity region. The corresponding site of the variant is highly conserved. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PS2+PM2&#95;Supporting)., Conclusion: The c.6285dup variant of the KMT2D gene probably underlay the KS in this child.

Objectives: To study the efficacy and safety of Xiyanping injection through intramuscular injection for the treatment of acute bronchitis in children., Methods: A prospective study was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022, including 78 children with acute bronchitis from three hospitals using a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled design. The participants were divided into a test group (conventional treatment plus Xiyanping injection; n =36) and a control group (conventional treatment alone; n =37) in a 1:1 ratio. Xiyanping injection was administered at a dose of 0.3 mL/(kg·d) (total daily dose ≤8 mL), twice daily via intramuscular injection, with a treatment duration of ≤4 days and a follow-up period of 7 days. The treatment efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups., Results: The total effective rate on the 3rd day after treatment in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the total effective rate on the 5th day between the two groups ( P >0.05). The rates of fever relief, cough relief, and lung rale relief in the test group on the 3rd day after treatment were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). The cough relief rate on the 5th day after treatment in the test group was higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the fever relief rate and lung rale relief rate between the two groups ( P >0.05). The cough relief time, daily cough relief time, and nocturnal cough relief time in the test group were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( P <0.05), while there were no significant differences in the fever duration and lung rale relief time between the two groups ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: The overall efficacy of combined routine treatment with intramuscular injection of Xiyanping injection in the treatment of acute bronchitis in children is superior to that of routine treatment alone, without an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)., Methods: A 6-year-old boy with ARVC who had visited Fujian Provincial Children's Hospital on August 23, 2022 was selected as the study subject. Relevant clinical data were collected, and peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the child and his parents for genetic testing through whole exome sequencing (WES). Sanger sequencing was carried out for family verification, and pathogenicity analysis was conducted for the candidate variants., Results: The child had exhibited clinical symptoms including systemic edema, generalized heart enlargement, universal reduction of interventricular septum and ventricular wall movement, reduced left ventricular diastolic and systolic function, and reduced right ventricular systolic function. WES revealed that the child has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the PKP2 gene, namely c.119&#95;122del (p.Leu40ArgfsTer71) and c.1978G>A (p.Gly660Arg), which were verified by Sanger sequencing to be respectively inherited from his father and mother. The c.119&#95;122del variant has not been recorded in the 1000 Genomes, gnomAD and ExAC databases, and was predicted to lead to truncation of the PKP2 protein by SWISS-MODEL and PyMOL online software and classified as likely pathogenic based on the guidelines jointly developed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and ClinGen. The c.1978G>A variant has also not been recorded in the 1000 Genomes, gnomAD and ExAC databases, and was predicted to be deleterious by online software including REVEL, SIFT, CADD, Mutation Taster, and PolyPhen-2. The amino acid encoded by the variant site was highly conserved among various species by analysis using T-coffee and ESPript v3.0 online servers. The variant may affect the protein function by SWISS-MODEL and PyMOL online server analysis, and was classified as likely pathogenic based on the guidelines jointly developed by the ACMG and ClinGen., Conclusion: The compound heterozygous variants of c.119&#95;122del (p.Leu40ArgfsTer71) and c.1978G>A (p.Gly660Arg) of the PKP2 gene probably underlay the ARVC in this child. Above finding has broadened the spectrum of PKP2 gene variants and provided a reference for the diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Objective: To report on a child with B-cell-negative severe combined immunodeficiency (B-SCID) manifesting as fulminant myocarditis and carry out genetic testing for her., Methods: A child with B-SCID who presented at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital on January 31, 2021 was selected as the subject. Whole exome sequencing was carried out for her. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing., Results: The female infant had developed recurrent skin and lung infections soon after birth, and was admitted due to fulminant myocarditis. Serological examination has disclosed a remarkable reduction in immunoglobulins. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that her peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes and NK cells were significantly reduced. Whole exome sequencing revealed that she has harbored a homozygous c.C3007T (p.Q1003X) nonsense variant of the RAG1 gene, for which both of her parents were heterozygous carriers. The variant has not been recorded in normal population databases. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted to be pathogenic., Conclusion: A case of RAG1 gene associated B-SCID has been diagnosed. Above finding has enriched the spectrum of RAG1 gene variants and enabled early diagnosis and intervention of the disease.

Objective: To explore the coincidence rate of G-banding karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the diagnosis of children with sex chromosome mosaicisms., Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out for 157 children with suspected sex chromosome abnormalities who had presented at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from April 2021 to May 2022. Interphase sex chromosome FISH and G-banding karyotyping results were collected. The coincidence rate of the two methods in children with sex chromosome mosaicisms was compared., Results: The detection rates of G-banding karyotype analysis and FISH were 26.1% (41/157) and 22.9% (36/157) , respectively (P > 0.05). The results of G-banding karyotype analysis showed that 141 cases (89.8%) were in the sex chromosome homogeneity group, of which only 5 cases (3.5%) were inconsistent with the results of FISH. There were 16 cases (10.2%) in the sex chromosome mosaicism group, of which 11 cases (68.8%) were inconsistent with the results of FISH. There was a statistical difference between the two groups in the coincidence rate of the results of the two methods (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: No significant difference was found between G-banding karyotype analysis and FISH in the detection rate of chromosome abnormalities. The coincidence rate in the mosaicism group was lower than that in the homogeneity group, and the difference was statistically significant. The two methods should be combined for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-424 and miR-765 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: The eighty-one MM patients admitted to Sanya Central Hospital from January 2017 to July 2020 were divided into phase Ⅰ (n=16), phase Ⅱ (n=25) and phase Ⅲ (n=40) according to the international staging system, while they were divided into IgG type (n=46), IgA type (n=19), light chain type (n=10) and non secretory type (n=6) according to the results of immunotyping. Another 50 healthy normal persons in the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of serum miR-424, miR-765 and Cystatin C (Cys-C) were measured in each group. The diagnostic value of serum miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C in MM was estimated by ROC curve. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum levels of miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C in MM patients., Results: The serum levels of miR-424 (2.74±1.30 vs 0.85±0.26), miR-765 (2.05±0.82 vs 0.63±0.17) and Cys-C ［(2.18±0.86 vs 0.72±0.15) mg/L］ in MM group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-424 (5.08±2.36 vs 1.12±0.34, 2.24±0.93), miR-765 (3.50±1.52 vs 0.74±0.20, 1.78±0.65) and Cys-C ［(3.81±1.30 vs 0.92±0.24, 1.68±0.55) mg/L］ in MM patients at stage Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.001). Also the serum levels of the three molecules in phase II were significantly higher than those in phase I (P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 in MM patients at IgG type were significantly higher than those at IgA, light chain and non secretory types (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (0.952，95%CI: 0.890-0.993) was greatest for the combination of miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C for diagnosis of MM, and its sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 87.2%. The results of correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 were positively correlated with Cys-C (r=0.795，r=0.760)., Conclusion: The serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 in MM patients are significantly increased in the pattern increasing with the progression of MM stage. Combined with Cys-C, miR-424 and miR-765 have high value in the diagnosis of MM.

Oncogene StarD4 had the function of promoting proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its clinical value and molecular mechanism are unknown. This paper found that StarD4 was highly expressed in cancer tissues of TNBC patients, and higher expression level of StarD4 in TNBC patient resulted in poorer prognosis. Based on transcriptomics of MDA-MB-231 cell model, the results of bioinformatics analysis showed that down-regulated expression level of StarD4 led to overall downregulation of cholesterol-relative genes and significant enrichment of cancer mechanism and pathway. Further analysis and investigation verified that StarD4 might cross-promote the protein stability of receptor ITGA5 through the cholesterol pathway to enhance TNBC progression, which provides guidance for clinical application of TNBC diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the genotypes and clinical characteristics of thalassemia on children in Wuhan region., Methods: A total of 159 patients diagnosed as thalassemia in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2017 to December 2019. The patients were retrospectively analyzed for their types of mutations, detection rates and clinical characteristics., Results: Among the 422 samples, 159 samples were finally diagnosed as thalassemia through genetic testing, the total detection rate was 37.68%. The detection rate of α, β and αβ-thalassemia was 17.30%, 20.14% and 0.24% respectively. Among α-thalassemia, αα/-SEA was the most common one, with a composition ratio of 68.49%(50/73), followed by αα/-α3.7 (19.18%), αα/-α4.2 (6.85%) and αα/ QS (1.37%). 9 types of β-thalassemia gene mutations were detected, and the most common three mutations were IVSII-654(C→T), with a composition ratio of 40.00%, CD41-42(-TTCT) (20.00%) and CD17(A→T)(16.47%). Two novel mutations of β-thalassemia, HBB: c.92-2A＞T and HBB:c.-23A＞G were detected. Among all the positive patients, 134 (84.28%) were 0-3 years old, 19 (11.95%) were 4-6 years old, and 6 (3.77%) were 7 years of age or older. There were 147 patients with mild anemia (92.45%), 11 patients with moderate anemia (6.92%), and 1 patients with severe anemia (0.63%). The MCV of 94(59.12%) patients was lower than 65 fL, and that of 51(32.08%) patients was between 65 fL and 80 fL, while 14(8.81%) patients was higher than 80 fL. MCV in β-thalassemia group was lower than that in α-thalassemia group, and the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The genotypes of thalassemia in children in Wuhan area are diverse, and most of them are mild thalassemia, and diagnosed under 3 years old. Children with β-thalassemia have smaller red blood cell volumes than those with α-thalassemia.

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema(RS3PE),the inflammatory arthritis attacking mainly elderly males,is characterized by symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema of the dorsum of hands and feet and the absence of rheumatoid factor.RS3PE commonly accompanies malignant tumor,infections and other diseases.Here we report a case of RS3PE associated with lung malignancy and review other six cases to summarize the clinical features,treatment and prognosis.

Objective: To compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of acupoint group for "reinforcing the kidney and regulating Governor Vessel" and acopoint group for "reinforcing the kidney and lung and regulating Governor Vessel" on lear-ning-memory ability and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in Alzheimer's disease （AD） rats, so as to explore the efficacy of the two acupoint groups and mechanisms underlying improvement of AD., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, sham operation, model, "Baihui" + "Shenshu" (GV20+BL23, for "reinforcing the kidney and regulating Governor Vessel") EA and GV20+BL23+ "Feishu" (BL13, GV20+BL23+BL13, for "reinforcing the kidney and lung and regulating Governor Vessel") EA groups ( n =8 rats in each group). The AD model was established by bilateral injection of amyloid β peptide （Aβ 25-35 ，10 μL) into bilateral hippocampus, and rats of the sham operation group received injection of normal saline. After successful establishment of the model，EA (2 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to these acupoints for 15 min, once daily for 10 days. Then, the learning-memory ability was assessed by using Morris water maze tests, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins in the PFC and hippocampus tissues were detected by using Western blot., Results: Following modeling, the average escape latency of place navigation test were significantly increased ( P <0.05) and the platform crossing times of spatial probe test was significantly decreased in the model group than in the control and sham operation groups ( P <0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in the PFC and hippocampus were apparently up-regulated in the model group than in the control and the sham operation groups ( P <0.000 1, P <0.001, P <0.01). After the intervention, the increase of the average escape latency and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the PFC and hippocampus, and the decrease of space exploration test were revised in both GV20+BL23 EA and GV20+BL23+BL13 EA groups ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the GV20+BL23 and GV20+BL23+BL13 EA groups in the above mentioned indexes ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA of both GV20+BL23 and GV20+BL23+BL13 acupoint can improve learning-memory ability of AD rats, which is associated with their effects in down-regulating the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the PFC and hippocampus to reduce inflammatory reaction. There were no significant differences between the two acupoint groups in the therapeutic effects.

Objective: To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 13 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection who hospitalized in a Changsha hospital., Results: All 13 children had the disease onset due to family aggregation. Of the 13 children, 2 had no symptoms, and the other 11 children had the clinical manifestations of fever, cough, pharyngeal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, or vomiting. As for clinical typing, 7 had mild type, 5 had common type, and 1 had severe type. The median duration of fever was 2 days in 6 children. All 13 children had normal levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulins, CD4, CD8, and interleukin-6. The median time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 was 13 days in the nasopharyngeal swabs of the 13 children. Three children presented false negatives for RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable in stools for 12 days after the nasopharyngeal swab test yielded a negative result. Abnormal CT findings were observed in 6 children. All 13 children were cured and discharged and they were normal at 2 weeks after discharge., Conclusions: Intra-family contact is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and there is also a possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Mild and common types are the major clinical types in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cytokine storm is not observed. Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to have a good short-term prognosis, and follow-up is needed to observe their long-term prognosis. Multiple nucleic acid tests should be performed for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their close contacts by multiple site sampling.

Objective: to explore the value of capillary electrophoresis in screening β- thalassemia of children, and to establish the cutoff values of HbA2 and HbF in our laboratory., Methods: The data of hemoglobin capillary electrophoresis and genetic diagnosis of β- thalassemia from 886 examined children were retrospectively analyzed. The cutoff values of HbA2 and HbF were determined by ROC curve., Results: The cutoff value of HbA2 screening minor β- thalassemia was 3.65%, the specificity was 0.996, and the sensitivity was 0.995. The cut-off value of HbF for screening minor β- thalassemia was 1.45%, specificity was 0.751 and sensitivity was 0.675. Thus, 1 case with codon5 (CCT→C) mutation, 1 case with SEA -HPFH β deletion, 1 case with - 28 (A→G) merger IVS-Ι-128 (T→G) double heterozygous mutations yet were found out, 1 case with 47 bp β gene missing has not yet been reported in literature., Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis has more high sensitivity and specificity in the screening of β- thalassemia in children, especially for the detection of rare β- thalassemia.

Objective: To study the correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway reversibility in children with IgE-mediated asthma., Methods: A total of 86 children, aged 6-14 years, who were initially diagnosed with acute attack of asthma from September 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled as subjects. According to the results of serum specific IgE, they were divided into IgE mediated group with 61 children and non-IgE mediated group with 25 children. According to the results of allergen detection, the IgE mediated group was further divided into four groups with one, two, three, and four or more positive allergens. FeNO and the parameters of pulmonary ventilation function before and after dilation test were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of FeNO with each parameter of pulmonary function., Results: The IgE mediated group had significantly higher FeNO than the non-IgE mediated group (P<0.05). FeNO increased with the increase in the number of positive serum specific allergens (P<0.05). In the IgE mediated group, FeNO level was positively correlated with the change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the improvement in percentage of predicted FEV1 after medication in bronchial dilation test (r=0.655 and 0.473 respectively, P<0.05). The FeNO level was not correlated with FEV1, percentage of predicted FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), change in PEF after medication, percentage of predicted PEF (PEF%pred), and improvement in PEF%pred after medication (P>0.05). In the non-IgE mediated group, FeNO level was not correlated with the above indicators (P>0.05)., Conclusions: FeNO level is associated with the degree of allergies. For children with IgE-mediated asthma, FeNO is positively correlated with airway reversibility, which has a certain value in the diagnosis of asthma, disease evaluation, and understanding of airway reversibility. For children with non-IgE-mediated asthma, FeNO cannot be used to evaluate airway reversibility. These two types of asthma should be treated differently.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on expression of cerebral Cx43 protein in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) rats so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of ACI., Methods: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model and EA preconditioning groups ( n ＝20 in each group). Fourteen days before modeling, the rats in the EA preconditioning group accepted EA stimulation (3 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) at Dingzhongxian (MS5) and Dingpangxian (MS8) for 30 min, once daily, 6 times a week for 2 weeks. The ACI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 120 min, followed by reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after modeling, the neurological function was evaluated according to the Zea-Longa's score criteria. The triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method was used to detect the cerebral infarct volume. The expression levels of Cx43, phosphorylated (p)-Cx43 and PKC proteins in the right cerebral cortical infarction region were detected by Western blot., Results: The neurological function scores and the infarct volume were significantly higher in the model group than those in the sham operation group ( P <0.05), and obviously lower in the EA preconditioning group than in the model group ( P <0.05). The expression level of cerebral Cx43 protein was significantly increased ( P <0.05), and those of p-Cx43 and PKC proteins were notably decreased in the model group relevant to the sham operation group ( P <0.05). In the EA preconditioning group, the expression level of Cx43 was significantly decreased and those of p-Cx43 and PKC proteins were significantly increased than those in the model group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA pretreatment can relieve neurological damage and reduce cerebral infarction volume in ACI rats, which may be related to its function in promoting Cx43 protein phosphorylation via up-regulating PKC expression in the ischemic cerebral region.

Objective: To evaluate the potential clinical benefit on radiotherapy to supraclavicular region on patients pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer with after mastectomy.
 Methods: A total of 923 patients with pT1-2N1M0 treated by radiotherapy (RT) to chest wall plus supraclavicular region (supraclavicular RT group, SCRT) or RT to chest wall only (non-supraclavicular RT, NSCRT) were retrospectively analyzed. Supraclavicular fossae recurrence (SCFR) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The risk factors for SCFR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.
 Results: In the following-up period (medium time: 108 months; range from 6 to 179 months), the 5-year and 10-year SCFR in the NSCRT group and the SCRT group were 3.5% and 1.5% (P=0.052), 7% and 2.6% (P=0.001), and the 5-year and 10-year OS were 81.5% and 87.3% (P=0.023), 67.9% and 78.4% (P=0.001), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors associated with SCFR were age <35 years (P=0.016), T2 stage (P=0.018), 3 axillary lymph nodes (P=0.006), progesterone receptor negative (P=0.038), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that T2 stage and age<35, with 3 positive axillary lymph nodes were SCFR-independent prognostic factors. Analysis was conducted by grouping patients with any two of the three items as a high-risk group and patients without or with only one of the three conditions as a low-risk group. RT in the supraclavicular region significantly reduced the 10-year SCFR in the high-risk group (NSCRT, 30.2%; SCRT, 4.5%, P<0.001). However, this benefit was not obvious in the low-risk group (NSCRT, 4%; SCRT, 1.8%, P=0.063).
 Conclusion: RT in supraclavicular region should be recommended to pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients with two of the three items (<35 years, T2 stage diseases, and 3 axillary lymph node metastasis). High-risk patients need SCRT; whereas the low-risk patients do not need.