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Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of MEHP on isolated rat heart and explore its mechanism. Methods: The experiments were performed with Langendorff-perfused rat heart with a Langendorff apparatus. 35 SD rats were used in the experiment and there were 5 rats per group. MEHP at doses of 3.125, 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L were given to the hearts for 25 minutes. Effects of NAC at concentration of 5 mmol/L were evaluated by co-treatment with 12.500 or 25.000 μmol/L MEHP. Data was collected per 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The heart rate, LVDP, LVEDP, dp/dtmax, and dp/dtmin were measured and analyzed using a PL3508 Data Acquisition and Analysis System. 200 waves at least were required each time. LDH contents in heart lavage fluid were determined by photometric assays using the automated biochemical analyzer. A section of the heart tissue was used for histopathological examination. DCFH-DA method was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species in different groups of heart tissues. Results: There was a concentration dependent decrease of heart rate ( P <0.05) . At concentrations of 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, MEHP significantly decreased the LVDP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin ( P <0.05) , and this decrease is more pronounced with perfusion time. As the MEHP was given up to 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, a statistical significance was found in the increase of LVEDP ( P <0.05) . For dp/dtmin, a significant increase was observed at the concentration of 3.125 μmol/L when perfused with 10 and 15 min ( P <0.05) , but this increase disappeared over time. LDH in cardiac perfusate increased as the MEHP given a higher concentration ( P <0.05) . Compared with the control group, Histopathological analysis showed edema of myocardial tissue and cells, and inflammatory cells infiltration and myocardial cells necrosis were obvious in the MEHP perfusion groups. Myocardial ROS levels of the four MEHP treatment groups were all significantly higher than that of control group ( P <0.05) . These heart damage induced by MEHP could be attenuated by NAC in different degrees. Conclusion: MEHP can induce damage to myocardial tissue of isolated rat heart and one possible mechanism is the oxidative stress.

To explore the expression potential of heterogeneous genes using the backbone of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Beaudette strain, the ectodomain region of the Spike gene (1,302 bp) of IBV H120 strain was amplified by RT-PCR and replaced into the corresponding location of the IBV Beaudette strain full-length cDNA. This recombinant was designated as BeauR-H120(S1). BeauR-H120(S1) was directly used as the DNA template for the transcription of viral genomic RNA in vitro. Then, the transcription product was transfected into Vero cells by electroporation. At 48 h post-transfection, the transfected Vero cells were harvested, and passaging continued. A syncytium was not observed until the recombinant virus had passed through four passages. The presence of rBeau-H120(S1) was verified by the detection of the replaced ectodomain region of the H120 Spike gene using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis of rBeau-H120 (S1)-infected Vero cell lysates demonstrated that the nucleocapsid (N) protein was expressed, which implied that rBeau-H120(S1) could propagate in Vero cells. The TCIDs0 and EIDs0 data demonstrated that the titer levels of rBeau-H120(S1) reached 10(590+/-0.22)TCID50/mL and 10(6.13+/-0.23)EID50/mL in Vero cells and 9-day-old SPF chicken embryos, respectively. Protection studies showed that the percentage of antibody-positive chickens, which were vaccinated with rBeau-H120(S1) at 7 days after hatching, rose to 90% at 21 days post-inoculation. Inoculation provided an 85% rate of immune protection against a challenge of the virulent IBV M41 strain (103EID50/chicken). This recombinant virus constructed using reverse genetic techniques could be further developed as a novel genetic engineering vaccine against infectious bronchitis.

The statistical technique self-organizing maps (SOM) was applied for stages analysis of Lake Dianchi sediments, southwestern China. The dataset of nine pollutants, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn, Zn, TP and KN, was observed and collected for 10 monitoring sites from 1991 to 2010. The results show that the 20 years' study could be divided into 4 stages. In stage one (1991 to 1995) , concentrations of sediments are relativity low. In the second stage (1996 to 2001) , concentrations of most sediments are higher than the stage before and show increasing trends. In the following stage (2002 to 2006), majority of the observed sediments exhibit fluctuation characteristics. Nevertheless, different concentration patterns exist among different pollutants, the concentration climaxes of most pollutants have been observed during the year 1996 to 1999 and 2005 to 2007. According to the relevant information gathering from yearly lake pollution load, the national survey of pollution sources etc., the reason for the above stages and concentration patterns of observed sediments are analyzed. The result shows that sediment concentration is sensitive to human activities in the basin, such as pollution emission as well as controlling.

Objective: The early experience of treating anterior skull base meningiomas with intra-extracranial extension via pure endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) was presented, the safety, feasibility and preliminary treatment outcomes were investigated., Methods: Eight patients with intra-extradural meningiomas who were admitted from October 2006 to October 2010 were operated on via EEA in one stage in Xuanwu hospital. In this study, the operative technique was described, the degree of resection, complications and the early clinical outcomes were discussed., Results: The complete resection of meningiomas with intra-extracranial extension was achieved in all patients using EEA in one stage. Preoperative visual symptoms were improved or resolved in all cases who presented with preoperative visual complaints. No patient in our series experienced a new neurological deficit after surgery or recurrence and death related meningiomas in the follow-up period (33-75 months). One patient experienced postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, delayed meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus which responded to therapy. After treatment, the patient was cure., Conclusion: Our limited experience indicates that EEA is feasible and safe for the complete resection of anterior skull base meningiomas with intra- and extracranial extension in one stage in selected cases.

To understand riverine process of non-point source effectively, first flush effects of storm events were investigated at Baoxiang River of Lake Dianchi Watershed. Three sampling stations were selected along Baoxiang River for observing the flow rate and pollutant concentrations of the first three storm events from June 2009 to August 2009. Net discharged volume, net discharged loading, and net event mean concentration (EMC(n)) were proposed with their calculation methods. According to the analysis of three storm events at three stations, the following results colcd be extracted: (1) the larger the percent of impervious land and population density were, the higher EMC(n) of TSS, TN, TP, permanganate index and their cumulative curves [M(V)] were along the river; (2) TSS, TP loadings as well as their M (V) were positively correlated to the storm intensity, while TN and permanganate index loadings were consistent with the total rainfall of each storm event, where the percent of NO3(-) -N in total nitrogen decreased gradually when the number of storm events increased; (3) compared to tradition EMC, EMC(n) was proven to be a better indicator to accurately uncover and magnify the differences in first flush effects of storm events among different stations or storm events.

Regarding the shortage and deficiency of traditional lake pollution control engineering techniques, a new lake pollution control engineering approach was proposed in this study, based on object-oriented intelligent design (OOID) from the perspective of intelligence. It can provide a new methodology and framework for effectively controlling lake pollution and improving water quality. The differences between the traditional engineering techniques and the OOID approach were compared. The key points for OOID were described as object perspective, cause and effect foundation, set points into surface, and temporal and spatial optimization. The blue algae control in lake was taken as an example in this study. The effect of algae control and water quality improvement were analyzed in details from the perspective of object-oriented intelligent design based on two engineering techniques (vertical hydrodynamic mixer and pumping algaecide recharge). The modeling results showed that the traditional engineering design paradigm cannot provide scientific and effective guidance for engineering design and decision-making regarding lake pollution. Intelligent design approach is based on the object perspective and quantitative causal analysis in this case. This approach identified that the efficiency of mixers was much higher than pumps in achieving the goal of low to moderate water quality improvement. However, when the objective of water quality exceeded a certain value (such as the control objective of peak Chla concentration exceeded 100 microg x L(-1) in this experimental water), the mixer cannot achieve this goal. The pump technique can achieve the goal but with higher cost. The efficiency of combining the two techniques was higher than using one of the two techniques alone. Moreover, the quantitative scale control of the two engineering techniques has a significant impact on the actual project benefits and costs.

Objective: To observe the protective effect and mechanism of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) on cardiomyocytes induced by hydrogen dioxide., Methods: Male guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10): intermittent hypoxia group (IHH), and control group (non-IHH). The IHH guinea pigs were exposed to a simulated 5,000 m high altitude and hypoxia in hypobaric chamber for 28 d, 6 h/d. The control guinea pigs were kept in the same environment as IHH except hypoxia exposure. Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically isolated from left ventricle of non-CIHH or CIHH guinea pigs. The contractile was assessed in guinea pigs by a video-based motion edge-detection system. The contents and activities of malondialdehyde(MDA), lactate hydrogenase(LDH) and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated by using biochemical methods., Results: 1. Hydrogen peroxide could induce contractile and diastole dysfunction, the latent period was longer in IHH cardiac myocytes. 2. After hydrogen peroxide(300 micromol/L, 10 min) perfusion, LDH and MDA contents in supernatant increased significantly in non-IHH and CIHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01), Whereas the contents of MDA and LDH in IHH cardiomyocytes were lower than those in non-IHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01). 3. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in the myocardium of IHH guinea pigs, after hydrogen peroxide (300 micromol/L, 10 min) perfusion, SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly in non-IHH and CIHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01), whereas the activities of SOD and CAT in CIHH cardiomyocytes were still higher than those in non-IHH cardiomyocytes., Conclusion: IHH had a protective effect on cardiomyocytes injury induced by hydrogen peroxide, which might relate with its antioxidation effects.

Objective: To report a new approach, endoscopic transoral approach for the resection of jugular foramen schwannoma., Methods: Nine patients with jugular foramen schwannoma (three males and six females, ranging in age from 15 to 61 years old) were treated by direct surgery via a pure endoscopic transoral approach to the jugular foramen. Eight patients complained of hypoglossal nerve palsy with hemiatrophy of the tongue; six cases complained of vagus nerve palsy. Three cases complained of glossopharyngeal nerve palsy, one case complained of facial nerve palsy and hearing loss., Results: The nerves in this area were preserved and radical intracapsular removal of the tumor was performed via endoscopic transoral approach in the nine cases. Tumor removal, as assessed by intraoperative endoscopic inspection, postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation, revealed all tumors were completely removed. One patient suffered from temporary swallowing difficulties and temporary right vagus palsy 1 day after surgery. There were no others intraoperative and postoperative complications. All patients were followed up for 4 - 29 months, no recurrences were occurred in all these patients and the muscle bulk, motor and the pre-postoperative swallowing function, the vagus palsy, the facial nerve palsy and hearing loss had improved in these patients., Conclusion: The endoscopic transoral approach and intracapsular removal of the tumor provided for successful minimally invasive surgery in the jugular foramen schwannomas.

A novel kind of carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide (CNTs/TiO2) composite photocatalyst was prepared by a modified sol-gel method in which the nanoscaled TiO2 particles were uniformly deposited on the CNTs modified with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The composites were characterized by a range of analytical techniques including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show the successful covering of the CNTs with PVP, forming core-shell structure. The nanoscaled TiO2 particles were uniformly deposited on the surface of CNTs reducing the bare CNTs which avoid losing the absorption and scattering of photons. The combination of CNTs and TiO2 particles imply the enhanced interactions between the CNTs and TiO2 interface which possibly becomes heterojunction. The composites become mesoporous crystalline TiO2 (anatase) clusters after annealing at 500 degrees C, and the surface area increases obviously. The photocatalytic activities of surface modification CNTs/TiO2 (smCNTs/TiO2) composites are extremely enhanced from the results of the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB).

Hydrous oxides of cerium, aluminum, nickel and copper were prepared by alkaline precipitation method. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was studied and specific surface area was measured by BET method through N2 adsorption-desorption process. IR characterization of hydrous metal oxides before and after fluoride adsorption was also studied. Results show that different hydrous metal oxides have different specific surface areas and their pore size distributions also are not all the same. Adsorption capacity is not directly dependent on the specific surface area. Isotherm study indicates that the adsorption follows Langmuir model and shows the feature of monolayer adsorption. IR study before and after fluoride adsorption shows that different hydrous metal oxides have similar adsorption sites in the same IR region as well as adsorption sites in the different IR region. The comprehensive interaction of these adsorption sites with fluoride ions results in the different adsorption capacity of different hydrous metal oxides.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the cadmium chloride on the DNA damage and the expression of the gadd153 and gadd45beta promoter and mRNA in HepG2 cells., Methods: DNA damage induced by cadmium chloride was detected by comet assay. The plasmids (pGADD153-Luc and pG45-Luc) containing DNA damage and repair inducible gene 153 and 45 (gadd153 and gadd45beta) promoter and luciferase and gadd45beta reporter gene were constructed. The activity of gadd153 and gadd45beta promoter were represented by the luciferase activity, the inducible luciferase activities was detected by bioluminescence. The expression of gadd153 and gadd45beta mRNA was detected by RT-PCR., Results: The results of comet assay indicated that Olive Tail Moment induced by the cadmium chloride increased significantly at the dose of 100, 300 micromol/L, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The luciferase activity analysis showed that the expression levels of gadd153 promoter increased significantly in 1, 5, 10 micromol/L treatment group, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The expression levels of gadd45beta promoter in 5, 10 micromol/L treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of gadd153 mRNA induced by cadmium chloride at the doses of 1, 5, 10 micromol/L and the expression levels of gadd45beta mRNA induced at the doses of 5, 10 micromol/L were significantly higher than thoae in control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The cadmium chloride can induce the DNA damage and increase the expression levels of the gadd153 and gadd45beta promoters in HepG2 cells.

Ferrocene was used as a catalyst, and xylene as carbon source. Chemical vapor deposition method was used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs were treated by oxidation method with concentrated nitric acid. Magnetic carbon nanotubes were prepared by using chemical co-precipitation. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope. This paper is concerned with the adsorption of methyl orange by magnetic carbon nanotubes. The best experimental conditions were found. Adsorbent solution was analyzed by UV-Vis adsorption spectra. At the same time, desorption and re-adsorption of methyl orange from magnetic CNTs were studied.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of removing extracranial trigeminal schwannomas located in the infratemporal fossa by using a purely endoscopic endonasal approach., Methods: From November 2004 to July 2009, 8 patients with extracranial trigeminal schwannomas located in the infratemporal fossa (4 male patients and 4 female patients, age ranged 31 - 62 years) were surgically treated by using a purely endoscopic endonasal approach., Results: The maximum diameters of the tumors ranged from 3 to 7 cm. All tumors were completely removed. The operation time was 40 to 120 min, blood loss was 300 to 1500 ml. The clinical symptoms of some patients were relieved or improved. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications, no deaths in this series. No relapse happened during the follow-up., Conclusions: The purely endoscopic endonasal approach may provide a minimally invasive and safe approach to remove extracranial trigeminal schwannomas extending into the infratemporal fossa. Radical resection is associated with an excellent long-term outcome in this series.

Objective: Clival chordoma with intradural extension is very difficult to manage mont. Primary experience of nasal endoscopic surgery for the extra-intra clival chordomas was reported., Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 7 patients (4 males and 3 females, ages ranging from 8 to 62 years) with clival extra-intra dural chordoma underwent nasal endoscopic surgeries, 4 of them with combined transoral approach. Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics, previous therapies, tumor extent, management modalities, complications, and outcome., Results: Total resection of tumor was obtained in 6 cases and subtotal resection in one case. Postoperative follow-up period ranged from 3 to 25 months, median 22 months. One of 6 cases with total resection was recurrent and alive with disease. The patient with subtotal resection died secondary to progression of disease 10 months after the surgery. There was no intraoperative complication. Expect for one case of transient cerebral spinal fluid leakage, no postoperative complication was encountered., Conclusions: Nasal endoscopic approach may provide a less invasive surgery for clival chordoma with intradural extension. It is safe and effective when it is performed by the surgeons with adequate experience and skills and perioperative managements were taken.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious swine disease charactered by hemorrhagic fever and leukopenia,usually leading to substantial economic losses. To obtain a insight of leucopenia caused by CSFV infection, DNA microarray analyses of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of the infected pigs was performed. Three health pigs were inoculated with a lethal dose of CSFV Shimen strain and their PBLs were isolated when the onset of typical clinical signs and then subjected to total RNA extraction followed by microarray analysis with Affymetrix Porcine Genome Array GeneChips. The results showed that the significant differences were observed in cellular apoptotic genes expression at 7 days post-infection (p. i.). The changes of the genes expression were confirmed by real time RT-PCR of some selected apoptosis-related genes. This study provided a valuable information for further investigating the molecular mechanism of apoptosis caused by CSFV infection.

In order to understand the replication kinetics of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in in vitro cells PK-15 cells were seeded in 96-well tissues culture plates. After overnight incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 environment when growing to 80% confluence, the cells were infected with CSFV strain Shimen at 100 TCID50 per well. At various time post infection (p.i.) the replication of the virus in the cells were analyzed repectively by detection of viral antigen using indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), RNA replication using reverse transcription real-time PCR and viral production using titration of TCID50. In the results of the IFA the viral antigen could be detected as early as 8hrs p.i. and at 72h hrs p.i. almost all cells showed positive staining, the real-time PCR showed that the synthesis of viral genomic RNA was gradually increased between 8-24 hrs p.i. and reached its peak at 72 hrs p.i.. However, the synthesis of negative strand RNA was maintained at a low level for a whole period of culture although it could be detected at 8hrs p.i.. Titration of TCID50 demonstrated that the production of live virions increased at 8h and peaked between 48 - 72 hrs p.i. without significant lose of titer.

Conditions for simultaneous determination of multi-tract elements in Cardiocrinum giganteum by flame atomic absorption spectrometry were studied. Elements K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cr in different growth periods of Cardiocrinum giganteum were determined, the relative standard deviation of the method is between 0.20% and 2.1%, and the recovery is between 97.8% and 104.9%. Analytical results were satisfactory. The results showed that some elements essential to human such as Zn, K, Ca, Mg and Mn in Cardiocrinum giganteum are abundant, implying that the nutritive value of Cardiocrinum giganteum is high.

To make transcription of the target gene be driven by T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) in the eukaryotic cells, and the transcripts be CAP-independent translated. Firstly, the T7 RNAP was introduced into eukaryotic cells by two methods: (1) the BHK-21 cells were contransfected by the plasmid expressing T7 RNAP and pIERS-EGFP-ET vector; (2) by transfection of the cell line stably expressing T7 RNAP. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element from FMDV was cloned into the downstream of the T7 promoter sequence of the prokaryotic expressing vector pET-40a-c (+), resulted in the plasmid would express the transcripts carrying the IERS element at its 5' end. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was cloned into the downstream of the IERS element, resulted in plasmid pIERS-EGFP-ET. Then, the two kinds of cells expressing T7 RANP were transfected by pIERS-EGFP-ET. The green fluorescence in the transfected cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope equipped with a video documentation system. And the expressional efficiency was analyzed with flow cytometry (FCM). The results show that the IRES element from FMDV has the role of initiating CAP-independent translation, and lay foundation for researching function of the element and interrelated proteins. It would be potential for expressing target gene by the T7 RNAP couple expression system.

Restoration and reconstruction of degraded riparian ecosystem caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances is one of the important issues in restoration ecology and watershed ecology. The disturbances on riparian ecosystem include flow regime alteration, direct modification and watershed disturbance, which have different affecting mechanisms. Flow regime alteration affects riparian ecosystem by changing riparian soil humidity, oxidation-reduction potential, biotaliving environment, and sediment transfer; direct modification affects riparian vegetation diversity through human activities and exotic plants invasion; and watershed disturbance mainly manifests in the channel degradation, aggradation or widening, the lowering of groundwater table, and the modification in fluvial process. The assessment objects of riparian restoration are riparian ecosystem components, and the assessment indicators are shifted from ecological to synthetic indices. Riparian restoration should be based on the detailed understanding of the biological and physical processes which affect riparian ecosystem, and implemented by vegetation restoration and hydrological adjustment at watershed or landscape scale. To extend the research scales and objects and to apply interdisciplinary approaches should be the key points in the further studies on the degradation mechanisms and restoration of riparian ecosystem.

Entire 3ABC sequence of FMDV containing a 6 x his tag coding sequence at the N-terminal was obtained through PCR amplification using a pair of specific primers, subcloned into shuttle plasmid of pMelBac-B with a melittin secretion signal sequence and finally constructed recombinant plasmid of pMel-3ABC. After co-transfected the recombinant plasmid and linearized Bac-N-Blue DNA into Sf9 insect cell under intermediary agent of the Cellfectin, the result showed that we have already acquired recombinant baculovirus by screen of plaque assay and identification of PCR. Though the recombinant baculovirus infecting the Sf9 cells again, experiments indicated that 3ABC gene could express in insect cells and the expressed protein was secreted in the supernatant of Sf9 cell culture possessing favourable biological activities detected by adopting two methods of SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The result verified that the protein could respond with sera derived from FMDV infected animals, but have no responsibility with sera derived from health animals and vaccinated animals detected by indirect ELISA using antigen of expressed protein after purification with Ni-NTA his bind resin. Therefore, this study has established a solid foundation for establishing an effective diagnosis method to discriminating the FMDV infected animals from vaccinated animals.

Objective: To investigate the imaging features and pathological manifestations of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)., Methods: The imaging characteristics and pathological manifestations of 26 surgically treated patients with histologically confirmed GISTs were retrospectively analyzed., Results: The tumors were found to originate from the small bowel (n=10), stomach (n=8), colon (n=6), mesentery (n=1) and omentum (n=1). The imaging and pathological features of GISTs were (1) most of GISTs were well-defined and exophytic (n=19, 73.1% ), which usually compressed the adjacent tissues but no invasion. The tumor diameter ranged from 5.1 to 23.5 cm with a mean diameter of 11.6 +/- 5.9 cm, (2)most tumors had an inhomogenous density or signal intensity due to necrosis(n=21, 80.8%), hemorrhage (n=15, 57.7%) or calcification (n=3, 11.5%) within the tumor, (3) on the CT or MR images, heterogeneous enhancement pattern presented as peripheral or intra-tumor patchy enhancement was common (n=21, 80.8%). Furthermore, enhanced striped vessels were seen in 12 patients. However, homogenous enhancement pattern was rare (n=5, 19.2%), (4) the most common site where GIST metastasized to was the liver (n=7), followed by the peritoneum (n=4), but rarely to lymph nodes, (5) of these 26 patients, spindle-cell type was observed in 69.2% (n=18), epithelioid-cell type in 23.1% (n=6), and mixed cell type in 7.7% (n=2). Immunohistochemical studies showed positive CD117 expression in all of these 26 patients, but positive CD34 expression in only 22 patients., Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor usually presents as a exophytic, well-defined large tumor, with internal striped vessels, necrosis or hemorrhage within. It usually metastasizes to the liver or the peritoneum but rarely to lymph nodes. Pathologically, most of gastrointestinal stromal tumors consist of spindle-cells, while a small portion of the tumors are composed of epithelioid-cells or mixed ones. Both CT and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

This paper investigate the medical wastes (MW) definition, production, characteristics and technical requirements, which is decisive for properly selecting methods for medical wastes treatment (MWT). Base on this, the advantages/disadvantages and adaptation of various treatment options are qualitatively analyzed and broadly compared. Then, four kinds of technologies, namely the thermal treatment, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, and microwave disinfection, are primarily chosen. Moreover, a hierarchy decision-making model considering the disposal status, economic level, policies and international turns is further set up. According to it, 4 proposed methods are effectively assessed. The result indicates that thermal treatment technology is the optimal choice for medical wastes treatment in Hangzhou city. Besides, the optimal selection method for medical wastes treatment is synthetically presented, which is suggested as a strong support for choosing optimal technology, and will contribute a lot to related research as well.

In order to obtain the gene P12X3C of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B, the site mutation strategy was used. After being digested by Kpn I and Xba I respectively, the gene P12X3C was cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing, and then named pcDNA3.1/P12X3C. Further, BHK-21 cells was transfected with pcDNA3.1/P12X3C by using lipoid. The proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy. The result shows the gene P12X3C is cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid, and the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/P12X3C could express proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in BHK-21 cells, which have immunocompetence. This study demonstrates that delivery of a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing P12X3C coding regions results in the assembly of FMDV capsid structures, which will offer experimental base to DNA vaccine of FMDV.

Cellulose-tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) was prepared after a reported method, and was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Then it was coated onto an amino-propylated mesopore spherical silica gel. The final product was used as the chiral stationary phase of high performance liquid chromatography for the enantioseparation of a novel herbicide ethoxyfen-ethyl. The enantioseparation of ethoxyfen-ethyl on this stationary phase has been achieved for the first time. Mixtures of hexane and isopropanol were used as mobile phases. The effects of isopropanol concentration in the mobile phase on the retention and resolution were investigated. With the decrease of the content of isopropanol in mobile phase, the resolution factors increased. When the isopropanol concentration decreased to one percent, the resolution factor was 3.95. The structural features of the solutes that influence chiral separation are also discussed.

Sigma and pi polarized absorption spectra of Tm:YVO4 crystal have been measured at room temperature. Considering the difference of the sigma and pi polarized absorption spectra and the changing of the refractive index with different wavelengths, we calculate the intensity parameters of Tm3+ in crystal YVO4 which are omega 2 = 1.9416 x 10(-20) (cm2), omega 4 = 0.1568 x 10(-20) (cm2), omega 6 = 0.3963 x 10(-20) (cm2) by Judd-Ofelt theory. The spectra characteristic parameters, such as radiative transition rates, luminescence branching ratio, total radiative lifetime and integral cross-section are also calculated. The results show that the spontaneous rate of the transition 1D2-->3F4 is much higher than that of the transition 1D2 to other levels.

A new cyclodextrin (CD) derivative, 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3-O-valeryl-beta-CD, was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and IR. Using the beta-CD derivative as chiral stationary phase of capillary gas chromatography, one chiral column was prepared. On this column, the enantiomeric excesses (e.e.) of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol obtained by asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of 2,4-dichloroacetophone and trans-3-propyloxiranemethanol synthesized by Sharpless epoxidation of trans-2-hexenol were determined and the catalytic reactions were evaluated. The results are satisfactory.