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Objective: This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of polysaccharides from lemon peel and screen out the components with high hypoglycemic activity. Methods: Ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of lemon peel polysaccharide, combined with response surface test to explore the best extraction process, through DEAE-52 anion chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography separation and purification to obtain a homogeneous polysaccharide fraction (named as LPs-1a). The effective hypoglycemic components of lemon peel polysaccharides were screened by α-glucosidase and their relative molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and characteristic groups were analyzed. Results: The optimal extraction process of lemon peel polysaccharide was ultrasonic treatment for at 55 ℃ for 44 min with solid-liquid ratio 1∶20 (g/mL) and cellulase addition rate 1.1%. Under the control of these conditions, the yield of lemon peel polysaccharide was 6.83%, which was close to the predicted value. The LPs-1a fraction significantly inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase with （1.22±0.04） mg/mL of IC50(P＜0.05). The relative molecular weight of this component was 195 260, and it was connected by α-glycosidic bonds and β-glycosidic bonds with a pyranose ring. The morphology of the polysaccharide was fibrous, and it was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose Conclusion: Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method is helpful in screening the highly hypoglycemic active components of lemon peel polysaccharides.

The volatile components of three different colored rices were characterized by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). A total of 64 peaks were detected, and 44 volatile compounds were identified. White rice liberated a high concentration of 2-mhyl-2-propenal, 3-methylbutanal, heptanal monomer and four unknown components after cooking. Red rice liberated a high concentration of heptanal (monomer and dimer), pentanal, 2-butylfuran, amyl aldehyde, furan, (E)-2-heptenal (monomer and dimer), octanal (monomer and dimer), (E)-2-octenal, n-nonanal (monomer and dimer), isopentyl alcohol, decanal, ethyl acetate, 2,3-butanedione, 2-pentylfuran, and 10 unknown compounds. Black rice released a high concentration of 2-pentanone, 2-hexenal, 3-butenenitrile, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-octene-3-one, furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl-ethyl butyrate, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, propanedioic acid, dietyl ester, and two unknown components. After cooking, the number of aroma compounds in the three colored rices increased. In conclusion, headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry can well characterize the aroma of different colored rices before and after cooking, making it easier for consumers to choose rice.

In order to further improve the performance of the SSD (single shot multibox detector) algorithm, and solve the problems of unbalanced feature map information and difficulty in small target recognition during multi-scale prediction of the SSD algorithm, in this paper, plug-and-play modules are designed to fully integrate the information contained in feature maps of different scales and model the relationships within feature maps to enhance the representation ability of feature maps. Firstly, a novel feature fusion method is designed to solve the problem of information disparity in cross-scale feature fusion. Secondly, according to the idea of pooling pyramid, a depth feature extraction module is designed to extract the information of different receptive fields, so as to improve the detection ability of the model to object of different sizes. Finally, in order to further optimize the feature map, highlight the effective information of the feature map for the current task, and establish the global long-distance relationship between pixels and the importance relationship between each channel, a lightweight attention module is proposed. Through the above mechanism, the structure of SSD model is modified in this paper, which effectively improves the detection accuracy and robustness of SSD algorithm. Extensive experiments have been conducted on PASCAL VOC datasets to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. On PASCAL VOC2007 test datasets, the proposed method improves 2.9 percentage points mean average precision (mAP) over SSD algorithm, while maintaining the ability of real-time detection.

In the target tracking algorithm, the feature model’s ability to quickly learn image features and the ability to adapt to changes in target features during tracking has always been one of the main research directions of target tracking algorithms. Especially for discriminative target trackers based on image block learning, these two points have become decisive factors affecting the efficiency and robustness of the tracker. However, the performance of most existing similar algorithms on these two abilities cannot achieve satisfactory results. To solve this problem, an efficient and robust feature model is proposed. The feature model first uses extreme learning machine autoencoder (ELM-AE) to quickly perform random feature mapping on complex image features of the target and background image blocks, and then uses the transfer learning ability of transfer representation learning (TRL) to improve the adaptability of random feature space. The feature model is named transfer representation learning with ELM-AE (TRL-ELM-AE). Compared with original complex image features, this model can provide the classifier with more compact and expressive shared features, so that the classifier can learn and classify more quickly and efficiently. In addition, in the target tracking process, the target and background usually change continuously over time. Although the feature migration capability of TRL can already adapt to this, in order to further improve the robustness of the tracker, a strategy of dynamically updating training samples is adopted. Through a large number of experimental and analysis results on the 11 target tracking challenge scenarios proposed by OTB, it is proven that the proposed target tracker has significant advantages over the existing target tracker.

Heterogeneous domain adaptation is a technique that uses the knowledge of source domain to model the target domain. The source domain and the target domain are semantically related, but their feature spaces are different. Among existing heterogeneous domain adaptive methods, most of them belong to semi-supervised methods, which require some labeled samples in the target domain. However, this kind of dataset is rare in many heter-ogeneous adaptive tasks. In order to solve the above problem, this paper proposes a new unsupervised heter-ogeneous domain adaptive algorithm based on fuzzy rule learning. On the one hand, by introducing the TSK fuzzy system, the proposed method learns two feature transformation matrices corresponding to the source domain and the target domain respectively. By learning two feature transformation matrices, the source domain and the target domain are projected into a common feature subspace. On the other, in order to reduce the information loss caused by feature transformation, the proposed algorithm adopts a variety of information preservation strategies and maximizes the correlation between the transformed source domain data and target domain data. Through experi-ments on domain adaptive datasets, the results show that the proposed algorithm has certain advantages over the existing heterogeneous domain adaptive methods.

At present,predictive maintenance technology has not been widely used in the field of maintenance outline,but with the development of big data theory and technology,predictive centered maintenance has attracted more and more attention.The development process of maintenance theory and maintenance mode transformation are combed in this paper,and the development conditions of predictive maintenance technology are expounded.Based on IP-180 and MSG-3,the establishment method of maintenance project centered on predictive maintenance is studied,and it is pointed out that it is feasible to convert planned maintenance project into predictive maintenance project.The difficulties existing in the establishment of aircraft predictive maintenance projects are summarized,and the suggestions and strategies suitable for the establishment of aircraft predictive maintenance projects are given.

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal extract (ZY) on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice. A total of 72 Kunming female rats with SPF grade 3~5 d postpartum were selected, 12 were randomly selected as the blank control group (BC group), and the other 60 were randomly divided into five groups, namely the model group (M group), the positive control group (Dex group), the high dose (ZY-H group), the medium dose (ZY-M group) and the low dose (ZY-L group) of Chinese herbal extract, with 12 mice in each group. Mice in other groups except BC group were subjected to mastitis modeling after environmental adaptation. 2 h after the modeling was completed, mice in the ZY-H group, ZY-M group and ZY-L group were given 16, 8 and 4 mg/g Chinese herbal extract, respectively. Mice in the Dex group were injected with 5 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection peritoneally, and mice in the BC group and the M group were gavaged fed with normal saline of the same volume. After molding, it was treated continuously for 7 d. The results showed that the mammary gland acinar and acinar duct structures were destroyed and accompanied by inflammatory infiltration in the mammary gland tissue of mice in M group. Compared with the BC group, histopathological scores in the M group were extremely increased (P<0.01), the content of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MPO were extremely increased (P<0.01), and the content of PPAR-γ were extremely decreased (P<0.01). Compared with M group, the histopathological conditions of mammary gland in Dex group and ZY groups were recovered to a certain extent, the histopathological scores were extremely decreased (P<0.01), the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MPO were extremely decreased (P<0.01), and the content of PPAR-γ were extremely increased (P<0.01). The study indicates that each dose of Chinese herbal extract has a positive regulatory effect on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5 in the atmospheric environment of Yuncheng City, PM2.5 samples were collected in urban, industrial and agricultural areas of Yuncheng City in the autumn and winter of 2018. Mass concentrations of 10 heavy metal elements such as V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in samples were analyzed by wet microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and pollution characteristics of heavy metal elements were analyzed. Health risk assessments were also made for different populations (adult males, adult females and children). The results showed that the mean values of PM2.5 in urban, industrial and agricultural areas were 116.59, 124.00 and 86.05 µg/m³, respectively. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 in the three areas are 74.29, 78.75 and 46.83 µg/m³ in the non-heating season, and 134.52, 140.54 and 104.21 µg/m³ in the heating season. In the non-heating season, the mass concentrations of 10 kinds heavy metals in urban, industrial and agricultural areas were 0.36 to 132.41, 0.40 to 119.42 and 0.81 to 66.59 ng/m³, respectively. During the heating season, the mass concentrations of 10 kinds heavy metals in urban, industrial and agricultural areas were 0.45 to 278.19, 0.57 to 336.85 and 0.43 to 144.18 ng/m³, respectively. The mass concentration of PM2.5 in heating season is higher than that in non-heating season, and it is the highest in urban area, followed by industrial area and agricultural area. The mass concentration of most heavy metals was higher in the heating season than in the non-heating season. The results of health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric PM2.5 in Yuncheng City was small, and the carcinogenic risk was mainly As, Cr, Cd and Co. The ranking of carcinogenic risk for different populations was the highest for adult males, followed by adult females and children were the last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct a secretory eukaryotic expression vector of DSG2 fused with the Fc region of the human IgG, to validate its expression in 293T cells, and to purify the secretory protein with biological activity. Methods: The DSG2 extracellular domain fragment gene (DSG2ex), was amplified by PCR, and was inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV3-IgG1 to construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid-pCMV3-DSG2ex-IgG1. The successfully constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into 293T cells to express and secrete DSG2 extracellular domain protein. The targeted protein was purified from the cell culture supernatant by Protein A affinity chromatography and confirmed by Western Blotting and ELISA. Results: The pCMV3-DSG2ex-IgG1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed. The highest protein expression level was obtained with 293T cells after 96 h of transfection. The relative molecular mass of the purified product was between 100 and 130 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE, which was consistent with the expectation. The yield of the purified protein reached 0.8 mg/mL with a purity over 90%. The purified DSG2 extracellular domain protein with IgG1 tag was recognized by IgG monoclonal antibodies by Western blotting. Moreover, the ELISA results showed that the prepared DSG2 extracellular domain protein had significant binding activity to human type 55 adenovirus Fiber Knob protein (HAdV-55).Conclusion: A simple and efficient method for eukaryotic expression and purification of human soluble DSG2 extracellular domain protein was successfully established, and biologically active DSG2 extracellular domain protein was purified, which laid the foundation for the later study of its protein function and anti-adenovirus drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect andantibacterial mechanism of selenide Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (SeGUP) and Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GUP) combined with antibiotics against Proteus mirabilis (PM). In vitro and in vivo bacteriostatic effect of SeGUP and GUP were analyzed by drug susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), growth curve, in vitro synergy, and effect of SeGUP and GUP on mortality of PM-infected mice. Bacteriostasis mechanism was analyzed by studying changes of PM cell wall, cell membrane, biofilm and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that compared with GUP, SeGUP at same concentration had a larger inhibitory circle and a smaller MIC, which inhibited the growth of PM more strongly. SeGUP combined with CI showed a synergistic effect, while GUP combined with CI showed a additive effect. SeGUP extremely reduced mortality of PMinfected mice (P<0.01). Compared with control group, SeGUP, GUP, CI could extremely increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), β -galactosidase (β -gal) and protein content in culture medium (P<0.01), extremely reduced intracellular DNA concentration, inhibited biofilm formation, reduced activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.01). The study indicates that in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect of SeGUP and its antibacterial mechanism are better than that of GUP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining the concepts of trust and cloud,the trust evaluation model of security application was discussed from the perspective of subjective.The fuzziness and randomness subjective description to network objects and the reli-ability of the information evaluation could be provided by cloud based trust model（CTM）,and it also,improving the se-curity of network applications,determined the trust level of entire information system.By reviewing the implement prin-ciple,classic improvement and existing problems,the mechanism of CTM could be analyzed,and the development direc-tions for CTM were pointed out.

The experiment was to study the stability of feed additive lysozyme dimer in influencing factors and accelerated test, determined the validity period of the product through long-term test. Three batches of lysozyme dimer samples were taken for influencing factor test (high temperature test, high humidity test and light test), accelerated test and long-term test, the moisture, dimer content and enzyme activity of lysozyme dimer were detected as inspection indicators. The results showed that the lysozyme dimer was relatively stable in the influence factor test, accelerated test and long-term test. The validity period of the product was preliminarily determined to be 12 months after the validity period prediction analysis. The experiment indicates that lysozyme dimer is relatively stable. The product can be packed in compound paper bags and stored in dry and ventilated places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the effect of retro dyeing on sweater fabric, the Lanaset dye foam dyeing process was adopted. Through the investigation of the dosage proportion of foaming agent, the selection of stabilizer type, the dosage of thickener, the type and dosage of dye, the dosage of foam and the evaporation time, the K / S value and retro grade after dyeing were evaluated. The results show that the dosage of Lanaset dye black B is 5% (owf), the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 8 g/ L, the concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 1 g/ L, the dosage of thickener is 1% (owf), and the bath ratio is 1 : 20. Foam dosage of 500 % (owf), and imitation effect reaching 5 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to the issues of low processing efficiency of small files in HDFS, from the perspective of researching correlation between user's accessing regulation and data attributes, this paper treated user accessing streams as request sequences to data files, and parameterized these data on the basis of its spatial and temporal properties. When it generalized new signature sequences by feature extraction, the feature templates of different access modes were found through sequential pattern mining by PrefixSpan algorithm. Experimental results show that the consolidation strategy effectively reduces the NameNode memory usage and response time, and improves the system read efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming al offering more profound and clear understanding of product environmental footprint ( PEF) for scholars, PEF main content was concluded from its meaning and implementation steps, by collecting PEF relative information, reading and referring to the literature and guide. Then, the relationship with EU environmental policy was analyzed. Product environmental sign and organisational environmental footprint (OEF) were also introduced. Meanwhile, considering the effects to Chinese export trade, some measures were suggested. The results indicate that most content of PEF is the same with life cycle assessment (LCA) , but PEF is more clearly and detailed, with strict requirements, offering a more uniform implementation standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet applications create massive small spatio-temporal data files in cloud environments. Therefore a method aiming to raise the processing efficiency of small files in HDFS; a data scheme combining user access and data features, is proposed. This scheme regards a user access stream as file request sequence, and constructs a characteristic sequence by spatio-temporal attribute extraction. A characteristic template of different user access patterns is formed when analyzing the characteristic sequence by template matching. Then merger-related files are analyzed. Experimental results show that our scheme improves the storage efficiency for small files, and also decreases network application response times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at high design cost and long development cycle of truck-mounted concrete pump, the modular product development platform of truck-mounted concrete pump was established by modular modeling method. The axis pin was taken for instance, the module master model, the master document and different engineering drawings of axis pin were created by means of module geometry and structural parameters analysis. The interfaces of level one and level two modules were divided by category. According to product data management system (PDM) and product master structure, the module classification tree of modular design of order product was constructed and the basic modules, required modules and optional modules were divided, on the basis of this, the parameters serialization design and module serialization design of product structure were studied. The results indicate that the method can reduce and optimize about 30% of the parts of different specifications, cut down product development time by 50%. The method not only can reduce the production costs, but also can improve the quality of truck-mounted concrete pump product, enhance the brand competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General machine learning assumes that the distribution of training data and test data are same, but the domain adaptation algorithms aims at handling different but similar distributions among training sets, which have a wide range o£ applications such as transfer learning, data mining, data correction, data projections. Support vector machine (SVM) attempts to find an optimal separating hyperplane for binary-classification problems in high-dimensional space, in order to ensure the minimum classification error rate. CCMEB proposed by I Tsang, as an improvement of the CVM, is particularly suitable for training on large datasets. In this article SVM and CCMEB are combined with probability distribution theory to formulate a novel domain adaptation approach (CCMEB-SVMDA). By calculating the center of each dataset, we can correct the dataset or identify the similarity of data between different domains. This fast algorithm has a good adaptability. As a validation we test it on the fields of "UCI data" and "text classification data" and the obtained experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct a bundled therapy management and practice program for sepsis and explore its clinical application effect., Methods: (1) Construction of sepsis bundled therapy management and practice program: a project team was established to conduct literature review, select experts, compile and distribute questionnaires, organize, analyze expert opinions, and ensure quality control throughout the research process. From October to November 2022, expert letter consultation was carried out, and questionnaires were distributed and collected by on-site filling and WeChat. The Likert 5-point scale was used to rate each item. (2) Clinical application of the protocol: ninety patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to July 2022 were retrospectively selected as the control group, and routine bundle treatment and nursing strategy for sepsis were adopted. Ninety patients with sepsis admitted from January to July 2023 were prospectively selected as the intervention group. Based on the treatment and nursing strategy of the control group, sepsis bundled therapy management and practice program constructed using the Delphi inquiry method was implemented. The completion rate of 1-hour, 3-hour and 6-hour bundle, the levels of inflammatory indicators at 1, 3, 7 days of treatment, and prognostic indicators were compared between the two groups., Results: (1) Construction of sepsis bundled therapy management and practice program: the final plan consists of 4 primary indicators, 15 secondary indicators and 34 tertiary indicators. The response rates for both rounds of inquiry questionnaires were 100%. The coefficients of expert authority value were 0.948 and 0.940, respectively. The coefficient of variation for each item was 0-0.287 and 0-0.187, respectively. Kendall's W coefficients were 0.242 and 0.249, respectively, with statistical significances (all P < 0.05). (2) Clinical application of the protocol: there were no statistically significant differences in baseline data such as age, gender, infection site, pathogen species, duration of mechanical ventilation, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) between the two groups. The completion rate of 1-hour, 3-hour and 6-hour bundle in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (1-hour bundle completion rate: 53.30% vs. 21.10%, 3-hour bundle completion rate: 92.20% vs. 80.00%, 6-hour bundle completion rate: 88.89% vs. 65.56%, all P < 0.05). The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in two groups of patients showed statistically significant differences at different time points, between groups, and in interaction effects. Compared with the control group, the length of ICU stay in the intervention group was significantly shortened [days: 7.00 (4.00, 14.00) vs. 8.00 (7.00, 20.00), P < 0.01], and the hospitalization cost of ICU was significantly reduced [ten thousand yuan: 4.63 (3.36, 6.19) vs. 6.46 (3.32, 11.34), P < 0.05]. The 28-day mortality in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (33.33% vs. 46.67%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The constructed bundled therapy management and practice program for sepsis can improve the completion rate of bundle treatment, shorten the length of ICU stay of sepsis patients, reduce the hospitalization cost in ICU, and have a tendency to reduce the 28-day mortality.

Taipu River is a river spanning two provinces and one city in a demonstration area in the Yangtze River Delta on an ecologically friendly developmentand an important water source in the upper reaches of the Huangpu River in Shanghai. To understand the multi-media distribution characteristics, pollution status, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the Taipu River, the contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) in the sediments of Taipu River were analyzed, and the pollution status and potential ecological risk were evaluated using the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index methods. In addition, the health risk assessment model was used to assess the health risk of heavy metals in surface water of Taipu River. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni in the surface water of Taipu River exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit at the upstream point in spring; the concentrations of Sb exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit at all points in winter; the average value of As exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit in overlying water during the wet season; and the average values of As and Cd exceeded the class Ⅲ water limit in pore water during the wet season. The health risk assessment of surface water implied that both adults and children had higher health risk in spring and lower health risk in other seasons. The health risk of children was significantly higher than that of adults, and it mainly came from chemical carcinogenic heavy metal elements As, Cd, and Cr. The average contents of Co, Mn, Sb, and Zn in Taipu River sediments in the four seasons all exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline; the average contents of As, Cr, and Cu in summer, autumn, and winter exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline; and the average contents of Cd, Ni, and Pb in summer and winter exceeded the Shanghai soil baseline. The evaluation results of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution degree of the middle reaches of Taipu River was higher than that of the upper and lower reaches, and the Sb pollution was more serious. The potential ecological risk index method revealed that the Taipu River sediment was at a low risk. Cd had a high contribution in both the wet and dry seasons and could be regarded as the main heavy metal of potential ecological risk in the Taipu River sediment.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a systemic malignancy of plasma cells.Nowadays,the basic research on MM is flourishing with the continuous optimization and innovation of mouse models of MM.Heterologous mouse models of MM established with human-derived cells and immunodeficient mice have been applied in assessing drug efficacy,exploring drug resistance mechanisms,and observing tumor-bone marrow microenvironment interactions.In the last decades,the homologous mouse models of MM established with murine-derived cells or gene-editing technologies have been widely used in the research on the pathogenesis and drug development.Additionally,the stable modeling of targeted organ injury will be a key problem to be tackled in this field.This review summarizes the characteristics and application progress of mouse models of MM.

This study aims to observe the effect of chlorogenic acid(CGA) on microRNA(miRNA) in the process of protecting against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol(APAP)-induced liver injury. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into a normal group, a model group(APAP, 300 mg·kg~(-1)), and a CGA(40 mg·kg~(-1)) group. Hepatotoxicity of mice was induced by intragastric administration of APAP(300 mg·kg~(-1)). The mice in the CGA group were administrated with CGA(40 mg·kg~(-1)) by gavage 1 h after APAP administration. The mice were sacrificed 6 h after APAP administration, and plasma and liver tissue samples were collected for the determination of serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/AST) level and observation of liver histopathology, respectively. MiRNA array combined with real-time PCR was employed to discover important miRNAs. The target genes of miRNAs were predicted via miRWalk and TargetScan 7.2, verified by real-time PCR, and then subjected to functional annotation and signaling pathway enrichment. The results showed that CGA administration lowered the serum ALT/AST level elevated by APAP and alleviate the liver injury. Nine potential miRNAs were screened out from the microarray. The expression of miR-2137 and miR-451a in the liver tissue was verified by real-time PCR. The expression of miR-2137 and miR-451a was significantly up-regulated after APAP administration, and such up-regulated expression was significantly down-regulated after CGA administration, consistent with the array results. The target genes of miR-2137 and miR-451a were predicted and verified. Eleven target genes were involved in the process of CGA protecting against APAP-induced liver injury. Gene Ontology(GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment with DAVID and R language showed that the 11 target genes were enriched in Rho protein-related signal transduction, vascular patterning-related biological processes, binding to transcription factors, and Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. The results indicated that miR-2137 and miR-451a played an important role in the inhibition of CGA on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Through the non-targeted metabonomics study on endogenous substances in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, this paper aimed to discover biomarkers related to APP/PS1 mice with cognitive dysfunction, and find targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and its mechanism. The brain tissue and serum metabolic mass spectrometry of mice were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Orbitrap MS). Through partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), the metabolic data of the normal group, the model group, the high-dose and low-dose HLJDD groups, and the berberine group were compared and analyzed to screen out potential biomarkers, and the relevant metabolic pathways were constructed with the help of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database. Forty-five potential endogenous metabolites were identified, including 13 in brain and 35 in serum, among which leukotriene B4, tyrosine, and adenosine were expected to be differential metabolites related to cognitive function. HLJDD recalled 22 differential metabolites, and the pathways mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism. These pathways suggested that the main mechanism of HLJDD in the intervention of AD was to inhibit central and peripheral inflammation, and regulate energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. HLJDD has a certain effect on the improvement of cognitive dysfunction, and regulates relative pathways by recalling endogenous differential metabolites, which helps to further discover the biomarkers of AD and clarify the intervention mechanism of HLJDD in the treatment of AD.

Objectives: To evaluate myocardial injury in neonates born to pregnant women with pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia by myocardial work indices., Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 25 preterm infants born to the pregnant women with severe preeclampsia from June 2020 to April 2021 (severe preeclampsia group), and 25 preterm infants born to the pregnant women without severe complications in pregnancy were enrolled as the control group. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours and at 48-72 hours and 14-28 days after birth to measure conventional parameters. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to construct a noninvasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop based on two-dimensional myocardial strain and left ventricular systolic pressure noninvasively measured, so as to calculate myocardial work indices., Results: Compared with the control group, the severe preeclampsia group had significant reductions in left ventricular global work index and global constructive work within 24 hours after birth ( P <0.05), a significant reduction in left ventricular global work efficiency and a significant increase in global waste work at 48-72 hours after birth ( P <0.05), and a significant reduction in left ventricular global work efficiency at 14-28 days after birth ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Subclinical myocardial injury persists in the neonatal period in preterm infants born to pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.

On the base of the analysis on the original text in Huangdi Neijing ( The Yellow Emperor ¢ s Inner Classic ) and in association with the meridian tracing experiment results in transparent fish, rats and human body, the routes of conception vessel and governor vessel were recognized de novo. The starting site of conception vessel has been described as "the center of uterus" and "the inferior part of Zhongji (CV 3)", which refer to the same region. The running course of conception vessel includes 3 routes, named the deep abdominal route, the deep dorsal route and the superficial abdominal route. The governor vessel starts at Qugu (CV 2) on the pubis and its running course includes 4 routes, named the buttock-spine ascending route, the head-back descending route, the abdomen-face ascending route and the head-back midline route. Both the conception vessel and the governor vessel distribute on the anterior and the posterior aspects of the trunk, head and face, but they are in deep and shallow layers respectively, forming two cycles internally and externally. Such recognition is really not the pattern, known by the people, that conception vessel distributes in the front, while the governor vessel on the back.

Objective: To compare clinical effects of different postoperative rehabilitation modes on lumbar degenerative diseases, and explore influence of rehabilitation mode and other factors on postoperative effect., Methods: From June 2013 to July 2016, totally 900 patients were admitted from nine tertiary hospitals in Beijing to perform single segment bone grafting and internal fixation due to lumbar degenerative diseases were prospectively analyzed. There were 428 males and 472 females, the age of patient over 18 years old, with an average of (51.42±12.41) years old;according to patients' subjective wishes and actual residence conditions, all patients were divided into three groups, named as observation group 1 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment model intervention), observation group 2 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment, classified rehabilitation model intervention), and control group(performed routine rehabilitation model intervention). Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used to evaluate postoperative efficacy among three groups at 24 weeks. Possible factors affecting the postoperative efficacy including age, age grouping, gender, body mass index (BMI), BMI grouping, education level, visiting hospital, payment method of medical expenses, preoperative complications, preoperative JOA score, clinical diagnosis, surgery section, operative method, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications and rehabilitation mode were listed as independent variables, and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks as dependent variables. Univariate analysis was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors and postoperative efficacy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors, rehabilitation mode and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks, in further to find out the main reasons which affect postoperative efficacy, and to analyze impact of rehabilitation mode on postoperative efficacy., Results: All patients were followed up for 24 weeks after operation. All incisions healed at stage I with stable internal fixation. (1)Evaluation of postoperative efficacy:① There were no statistical differences in preoperative VAS and ODI among three groups( P >0.05), the degree of pain and dysfunction decreased among three groups after operation, and had differences in postoperative VAS and ODI among three groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences between observation group 1 and observation group 2( P >0.05); while compared with observation group 1 and control group, observation group 2 and control group, there were significant differences ( P <0.05). ②The function among three groups were improved in varying degrees after operation. There was difference in JOA score among three groups before operation and 24 weeks after operation ( P <0.05). There were no difference in JOA score among three groups between observation group 1 and observation group 2 ( P >0.05);while compared with observation group 1 and control group, observation group 2 and control group, there were significant differences ( P <0.05). (2)Influencing factors at 24 weeks after operation:①Univariate analysis showed gender, age, age grouping, education level, preoperative complications, clinical diagnosis, operative section, operative method, preoperative JOA score and rehabilitation mode had statistical significance with postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks ( P <0.05). BMI, BMI grouping, payment method of medical expenses, visiting hospital, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications had no statistical significance with postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks ( P <0.05).②Multivariate analysis results showed gender, rehabilitation mode, age, preoperative JOA score entered the equation eventually, stepwise multiple linear equation obtained had statistical significance ( F =12.294, P = 0.000). Among rehabilitation mode, standardized regression coefficient of the integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment with classified rehabilitation model was absolute value of the largest (0.176), which had the greatest influence on postoperative curative effect. The degree of dysfunction in control group was higher than that in observation group 1 and observation group 2. Postoperative dysfunction was more severe in males than that of in females. Older age has higher degree of dysfunction after operation. Lower preoperative JOA score has higher degree of dysfunction after operation., Conclusion: Preoperative JOA score, gender, age could predict postoperative clinical effects of lumbar degenerative diseases in varying degrees treated with single level bone graft fusion and internal fixation. Different rehabilitation modes could improve clinical effects. Intergrated rehabilitation orthopedic treatment model and integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment with classifiedrehabilitation model are superior to conventional rehabilitation model in improving patients' postoperative function and relieving pain, which is worthy of promoting in clinical.

UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was developed for the identification of chemical constituents in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which will clarify its material basis. ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid(B)-acetonitrile(A) as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The decoction was detected by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI ion source in positive and negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, retention time, mass fragmentation patterns combined with comparison of reference and literature reports, a total of 87 major compounds including 43 flavonoids, 9 alkaloids, 4 triterpenoid saponins, 1 sesquiterpene, 2 coumarins, 10 phenolic acids and 18 other compounds were tentatively screened and characterized. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was employed to comprehensively elucidate the chemical components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which basically covered 20 Chinese medicines except gypsum in Qingfei Paidu Decoction. These collective results provide a scientific basis for further research on the quality control standard of Qingfei Paidu Decoction.

Objective: To display the low hydraulic resistance channel along the running course of the Conception Vessel (CV) by using in vivo fluorography, so as to provide evidence for the existence of meridians of traditional Chinese medicine from the aspect of interstitial fluid channel., Methods: A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely CV-low impedance spots (CV-LIS), CV-low hydraulic resistance points (CV-LHRP) and non-meridian points (NMP) groups ( n ＝8 in each group). The CV-LIS (the imaged line between the xiphoid process and symphysis pubis), CV-LHRP (lateral and parallel to LIS) and NMP (lateral and parallel to CV-LHRP) were detected by using meridian detector and biofluid resistance meter, respectively. Sodium fluorescein solution (1%) was injected into the spot (A-spot, upper 1/5 of the CV-LIS), and one of the NMP (about 1 cm lateral and parallel to the A-spot, and the mid-point between the Kidney and Stomach meridian running courses) by using a microsyringe for observing the migration trace of sodium fluorescein., Results: After injection of fluorescein, the migration trace of fluorescein appeared along the CV-LIS and CV-LHRP lines, and only local diffusion was found in the NMP group. The migration trace lengths along the CV-LIS and CV-LHRP were significantly longer than that of the NMP group ( P <0.01), and the migration width of CV-LIS and CV-LHRP groups was significantly smaller than that of the NMP group ( P <0.01). The migration speed of CV-LIS and CV-LHRP groups was significantly higher than that of the NMP group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: Fluorography is able to be used to display the running course of CV, possibly supporting the existence of meridians from the interstitial fluid channel and providing a new method for visualization of meridians.

Some Chinese herbal medicine needs to be processed before it can be used as medicine, especially toxic Chinese medicine. Highly toxic Aconti Kusnezoffii Radix(Caowu in Chinese) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, Caowu is usually processed by boiling with water(CW) until no white part inside and being tasted without tongue-numbing. In Mongolian medicine, it is usually soaked in Chebulae Fructus(Hezi in Chinese) decoction for several days(CH). Both methods could reduce toxicity according to reports. The biggest difference between CW and CH is that CW needs to be heated for 4-6 h, while CH needs Hezi as processing adjuvants. To explore the toxicity reduction mechanism of CW and CH, we studied the contents of various compounds in Caowu processed by two methods by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The results indicated that CW had 14 new ingredients, such as 14-O-anisoylneoline and dehydro-mesaconitine, while N-demethyl-mesaconitine and aconitine disappeared. At the same time, it could significantly decrease the content of diester diterpenoid alkaloids and increase the contents of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. CH had 9 new ingredients from Hezi, like gallic acid, chebulic acid and shikimic acid. Neither the kinds nor the contents of compositions from Caowu in CH changed little. This suggested that the processing mechanism of CW reduced highly toxic components(diester diterpenoid alkaloids) and increased the content of lowly toxic components(monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids). Attenuated principle of CH may be related to the components of Hezi. In this experiment, the conclusion shows that the chemical constituents of CW and CH are essentially different, and the two methods have different toxicity reduction principles.

This study is aimed to establish a method for the determination of baicalin,baicalin and purpurin in the plasma of rats after oral administration of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid( PDL) by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( LC-MS),analyze the pharmacokinetics of three components in rats,and investigate the effects of PDL on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. C18 column was used for liquid chromatography separation,with acetonitrile-water( containing 0. 2% formic acid) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The mass spectrometry was detected by electrospray ion source( ESI) under multi-reaction monitoring mode( MRM),as well as positive and negative ion alternating mode. Plasma sample collection was performed by using an automatic blood collection meter for small animals. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Win Nonlin software. The total protein concentration of rat liver microsomes and the total enzyme content of CYP450 were determined by BCA method and spectrophotometry respectively. The methodological study in terms of linear range,recovery rate,precision and sample stability,was used to confirm that the LC-MS analysis method established in this experiment was simple,exclusive,accurate and reliable,and can meet the requirement of determining the content of baicalin,oroxindin and corynoline in plasma after PDL administration in rats. The drug-time curve showed that baicalin and oroxindin had a bimodal phenomenon,and the pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that baicalin,oroxindin and corynoline in PDL had certain drug-like properties. After 7 consecutive days of PDL administration,the rat liver coefficient,total liver microparticle protein and CYP450 enzyme content were increased,but there was no significant difference,indicating that PDL was less likely to develop drug-drug interaction based on CYP enzyme. The results of this experiment can provide reference for the research on in vivo efficacy and drug interaction of PDL as well as on its clinical application.

UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to analyze,identify and attribute the chemical constituents in Pudilan Antiphlogistic Oral Liquid. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm × 150 mm,3.5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol-0.1% formic solution system at the flow rate of 0.5 m L·min-1. The sample volume was 2 μL. The column temperature was30 ℃. The high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry was used as detector,with electrospray ion source in both positive and negative models,and the MS scanning ranged between m/z 50 and 2 000. Based on the analysis of mass spectrometry and literature reports,79 compounds were confirmed,including 30 alkaloids,28 organic acids,18 flavonoids and 3 coumarins. Finally,39 compounds,such as rutin,esculetin,gallic acid,caffeic acid,cichoric acid,were identified from Taraxacum mongolicum; 11 compounds,such as baicalin,baicalein,apigenin,chrysin,oroxylin A,were identified from Scutellaria baicalensis; 13 compounds,such as arginine,proline,hypoxanthine,epigoitrin,indirubin,were identified from Isatis indigotica; and 18 compounds,such as dehydrocheilanthifoline,oxysanguinarine,corynoline,protopine,spallidamine,were identified from Corydalis bungeana. After the analysis of chemical model and attribution,the contents of some compounds were high in Pudilan Antiphlogistic Oral Liquid,such as baicalin,wogonoside,baicalein,wogonin,apigenin,chrysin,skullcapflavonⅡ,oroxylin A,cichoric acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,esculetin,dehydrocheilanthifoline,dihydrosanguinarine,protopine,corynoline and indirubin. The established method is simple,accurate,rapid,sensitive and reproducible,and thus suitable for the qualitative identification and quantitative determination of Pudilan Antiphlogistic Oral Liquid,which lays a foundation for the systematic quality control and the establishment of whole-course traceability system of active ingredients.

Objective: To study role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats., Methods: Eighteen male SD rats weighted (200±20) g were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control and model group, and 9 in each group. Knee OA model group was established by using modified Hulth method in model group. Control group was not treated. Synovial tissue and serum was extracted at 4 and 21 d after operation. Expression of CD14, TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α, ADAMTS-4, MMP-13 were detected by real-time PCR respectively. NF-κB p65 protein was detected by Western-blot; serum concentrations of haluronic acid (HA), N-propeptide of type III procollagen(PIIINP) was detected by Elisa., Results: Expression of CD14, ADAMTS-4, and NF-κB p65 in model group were higher than that of control group at 4 and 21 days after operation, while expression of TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-13 were higher than that of control group at 21 days after operation( P <0.01). Concentration of PIIINP and HA in model group were higher than that of control group at 4 days after operation, while there was no significant difference at 21 days after operation., Conclusions: NF-κB pathway could mediate occurrence of KOA by early activating and triggeringg synovial increasingly secreting inflammatory secretion CD14, TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α, ADAMTS-4, MMP-13, PIIINP and HA., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

piggyBac (PB) is a DNA transposon that mediates transposition in various animal cells. As an efficient tool, PB transposons are applied to various transgenic research and optimized for different species, which is an essential means to enhance its versatility. To construct a universal PB transposase (PBase) vector for ovine transgene manipulation, the gene expression box of PBase with optimized bias for sheep codons was inserted into the pBNW-TP1 vector. The vector pBNW-TP2 with a single plasmid was successfully constructed. Then, pBNW-TP2 was transfected into ovine fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells. The stable transfected cell lines were selected by G418 and the PB transposition sites were determined by Tail-PCR in the stable transfected cell lines. The transposition efficiency was verified by student's t-tests for cell clones with methylene blue staining. The results showed that pBNW-TP2 successfully guided the production of transgenic ovine fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cell lines. The PB transposition test indicated that the pBNW-TP2 vector can be specifically integrated into the TTAA sites of the sheep genome. The statistical analysis of methylene blue staining results suggested that the transgenic efficiency mediated by the pBNW-TP2 vector increased significantly. In summary, we verified and analyzed characteristics of the universal PB transposon vector pBNW-TP2 for sheep in this study, which will provide a scientific basis for future transgenic research mediated by the PB transposon in ovine somatic cells.

To study the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients (alkaloids, iridoids and flavonoids) in Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats, and investigate its mechanism in treatment of AD. All of rats were divided into normal control group ( n =6), shame operation group ( n =6) and model group ( n =12). Rats in shame operation group received daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal 50 mg·kg⁻¹) for a total of 45 d to induce subacute aging model. Based on the operation of shame operation group, the rats in model group were given with an injection of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ (4.0 g·L⁻¹)-ibotenic acid (2.0 g·L⁻¹) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Then rats in model group were divided into HLJDD one day administration group ( n =6) and HLJDD one week group ( n =6). The plasma concentration of alkaloids, iridoid and flavonoids was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS) at different time points. The levels of seven inflammatory factors (MIP-2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α) in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) were measured by Bio-Plex multi-factor detection technology. Iridoids in AD model rats, with high bioavailability, were easily absorbed and eliminated. The plasma concentration of alkaloid was lower, and the AUC (area under the curve) was higher in HLJDD one week group than that in HLJDD one day group. The plasma concentration-time curves of flavonoids showed obvious bimodal phenomena. After the gastric administration of HLJDD, the inflammatory factors in CSF of AD rats demonstrated a callback trend, including IL-1β/IL-10 ( P <0.05) with significant difference. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of iridoids, alkaloids and flavonoids (41 compounds) in AD model rats were fundamentally elucidated, and HLJDD can improve the central inflammatory status of AD rats by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

PM 2.5 and PM 10 have become the primary pollutants of most cities in China. Atmospheric PM 2.5 and PM 10 mass concentrations, meteorological factors, traffic flow from 2013 to 2015 in Nanchang were analyzed. Spatiotemporal dynamic pattern of atmospheric particulate matter pollution and the effect of weather and traffic on particle concentration change were discussed in this paper. The results showed that PM 2.5 (70.92 μg·m -3 in 2013 > 53.70 μg·m -3 in 2014 ＞ 43.65 μg·m -3 in 2015) and PM 10 (119.72 μg·m -3 in 2013 ＞ 86.11 μg·m -3 in 2014 ＞ 73.32 μg·m -3 in 2015) concentrations decreased gradually from 2013 to 2015. In addition, low concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in summer (average PM 2.5 concentration 36.74 μg·m -3 , average PM 10 concentration 69.20 μg·m -3 ) but high concentrations in winter (average PM 2.5 concentration 74.29 μg·m -3 , average PM 10 concentration 111.64 μg·m -3 ) were observed. Moreover, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations changed with the urban-rural gradient, decreasing from the city center to suburb. The ratio of PM 2.5 /PM 10 (0.595 ＞ 0.584 ＞ 0.557) decreased year by year from 2013 to 2015 and was higher in the city center area than in the edge of city. PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations were affected by various meteorological factors and significantly related to air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and sunshine time. The influence of meteorological factors differed on PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations. Traffic flow significantly increased the surrounding PM 2.5 concentration, but not PM 10 concentration.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the difference of condylar position between Angle Class I and Class II malocclusion patients using cone-beam CT (CBCT)., Methods: Thirty Class I patients, 30 Class II division 1 patients and 30 Class II division 2 patients were selected in this study. Each patient underwent CBCT. The images in the oblique position perpendicular to the condyloid process were reconstructed by Examvision software. The joint space was measured by Exam Vision software. The data were processed with SPSS17.0 software package., Results: The upper joint space was larger in Class II, the posterior joint space was smaller in Class II patients; and in Class II division 1 patients, both of the upper and anterior joint spaces were larger than in Class II division 2 patients，the differences were significant (P<0.05). The length of condyle was longer in Class I patients than in Class II patients., Conclusions: The condylar position in Class II division 2 patients was lower and further backward. The length of condyle is shortest in Class II division 2 patients.

Purpose: To clarify whether trigeminal somatosensory function will be changed after orthodontic treatment as well as after orthognathic surgery., Methods: A series of 20 patients with a mean age of 20.9±1.74 years were recruited. Thermal quantitative sensory tests were conducted before orthodontic treatment (T0), before orthognathic surgery (T1), 2 months after orthognathic surgery (T2), and 6 months after orthognathic surgery (T3). The cold detection threshold (CDT), cold pain threshold (CPT), warm detection threshold (WDT) and heat pain threshold (HPT) were determined. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: There were significant differences with lower threshold (higher sensitivity) in V2L (P=0.006) and V2R (P=0.017) for WDT at T1 compared to T0. A significantly higher threshold (lower sensitivity) was detected for CDT in V2L (P=0.028) at T1 compared to T0. A significantly higher threshold (lower sensitivity) was detected for HPT in V2R (P=0.028) and V3R (P=0.017) at T1 compared to T0. There were significant differences with higher threshold (lower sensitivity) V3L (P=0.024) for WDT at T3 compared to T0. A significantly lower threshold (higher sensitivity) was detected for CPT in V2R (P=0.036), V3L (P=0.012) and V3R (P=0.044) at T3 compared to T0. There were significant differences with higher threshold (lower sensitivity) in V2L (P=0.009), V2R (P=0.034), V3L (P=0.032) and V3R (P=0.001) for HPT at T3 compared to T0.Numbness was reported most frequently at T2 (93.33%), but this symptom tended to decrease with time (T3-20%).Fisher's exact test showed that there was no significant difference at T2(P=0.303) and T3(P=0.530) between participates who underwent genioplasty or not., Conclusions: The results indicated that thermal somatosensory function was altered after initial orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. However, partial recovery of thermal sensory function can be expected in the majority of patients.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of bridging fixation with locking plate for the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture., Methods: From March 2009 to September 2014,18 cases of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture were treated by open reduction and bridging fixation with locking plate through proximal and distal approach including 16 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. Among them, 12 cases caused by traffic accident, 5 cases by falling, 1 case by heavy aboving. All cases were fresh and closed fractures. Time between injury and operation was from 4 to 9 days with an average of 6.2 days. Of them, 11 cases were fixed with reverse LISS and the other 7 cases were fixed with anatomical locking plates of proximal femur., Results: The mean time of operation was 110 min (ranged from 90 to 155 min). The mean blood loss during operation was 425 ml (ranged from 350 to 650 ml) and 16 cases got blood transfusion which was meanly 300 ml. The mean hospital time was 14 days (ranged from 12 to 18 days). The mean duration of followed up was 11.8 months (ranged from 8 to 22 months). The mean time of bone union was 6.6 months (ranged from 5 to 8 months). There was not any complication such as infection, implant failure, hip varus, external rotation deformity of low limb or fat embolism. The Sanders hip scores were 53.22 ± 6.48, the result was excellent in 12 cases and good in 6 cases at the last follow-up., Conclusion: Under the principle of biological osteosynthesis, treatment of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture with bridging locking plate fixation has such advantages as high mechanism, less interference of blood supply, stable fixation and little complication. It is a safe and idea way for the treatment of the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.