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Liver cancer is a common tumor of digestive system. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer, which has a high degree of malignancy and ranks among the top causes of cancer-related death in the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be an important marker of carcinogenesis. Glucose metabolism is one of the main ways for cells to produce energy. Glycolysis, as the basic reaction of glucose metabolism, plays an important role in cell metabolism. Therefore, the regulation of glycolysis is of great significance to the proliferation and evolution of tumors. More and more non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been proved to play an important role in the regulation of tumor glycolysis. This article reviews the role of ncRNA in the regulation of HCC glycolysis and its related mechanisms. At the same time, the prospect of targeted therapy for HCC based on the related mechanisms of glycolysis regulation is put forward.

Objective: To observe the change in the amount of sialic acids on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membrane., Methods: Surgical specimens of HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues were obtained from 28 patients to prepare carcinoma cell and hepatocyte suspensions by collagenase digestion. For assay of α2, 3 and α2, 6-sialic acids, the cells were suspended in the staining buffer containing either fluorescein isothiocyanate-Maackia amurensis lectin (FITC-MAL) or fluorescein isothiocyanate-Sambucus nigra bark lectin (FITC-SNA) and incubated for 1 h, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to measure the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on the cell surface., Results: In both FITC-MAL- and FITC-SNA-incubated HCC cells, the MFI on the cell surface was greater than that of the hepatocytes., Conclusion: Both of α2, 3 and α2, 6- sialic acids increases significantly on the hepatocyte membrane after the carcinomatous change.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis., Methods: Between Jun 2008 and Mar 2009, 12 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive underwent azygousportal disconnection and splenectomy in our department. The patients were then divided into two groups to receive autologous bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion via the hepatic artery after in vitro induction for 7 days (n=6) or saline (n=6). The therapeutic effects of the operations on the liver functions and liver fibrosis index were evaluated., Results: All the patients recovered uneventfully and no side effect of the operation was found. After the operation, the patients receiving bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion showed better hepatic function improvement than those receiving saline infusion (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Transplantation of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell via the hepatic artery is safe and effective for treatment of posthepatitic cirrhosis.

Objective: To explore practical protocols for cloning bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells in vitro., Methods: The cell fraction rich in CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells was separated from fresh bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 0, 7 and 14 days in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with or without 10% autologous serum or in serum-free high-glucose DMEM. All the media were supplemented with different concentrations of hepatocyte growth promoting factors (HGPF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). The quantitative changes of CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells were measured by flow cytometry., Results: The optimal effect for cell cloning was achieved with high-glucose DMEM with 10% autologous serum group supplemented with 40 microg/ml HGPF, 50 ng/ml TPO, and 10 ng/ml IL-3. At day 7 of cell culture in this media, the quantity of CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells increased by 6.55 and 6.20 folds, and by 11.62 and 20.57 folds at day 14, respectively., Conclusion: It is practical for cloning bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells in high-glucose DMEM with 10% autologous serum supplemented with 40 microg/ml HGPF, 50 ng/ml TPO, and 10 ng/ml IL-3.

Currently used plant transformation systems require selectable marker genes encoding antibiotic or herbicide resistance, along with the gene of interest, to select transformed cells from a large population of mostly untransformed cells. The continued presence of these selectable markers, especially in food crop, is of increasing public concern. The generation of selectable marker-free transgenic plant is one of the new projects in plant biotechnology research. Two techniques, segregation excision and recombination excision, for removal of selectable marker genes are described in this article. The advances in producing selectable marker-free transgenic plants are reviewed too.

Rice ragged stunt oryzavirus (RRSV) is a member of the genus oryzavirus within the family Reoviridae. Its genome consists of ten segments of dsRNA. The functions of all products encoded by these viral genome segments, except one encoded by S9, have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the ORF of S 8 of RRSV-Philippines isolate was sequenced and expressed in E. coli. The 67 kD product of S8 could be self-cleaved into two fragments with molecular weights of 43 kD and 26 kD. Western blotting indicated that both 67 kD and 43 kD products were major structural proteins of the virus. It was also found that the 67 kD protein could self aggregate into aggregates with higher sedimentation rate in sucrose gradients during centrifugation. Moreover, the self-aggregation process could be accelerated by the complex of S6 product and genome dsRNAs of RRSV. These results suggest that the S8 products, 67 kD or 43 kD, may be the structural components of the viral inner-capsid.

In the present study we made out an animal model on rabbit whose trigeminus and facialis nerves were simultaneously or only the latter one was severed. The pathological changes in facial muscle atrophy under different nerve injuries were investigated. The degeneration of contractile proteins of upper lip muscle -- myosin and actin was observed. In addition, we also examined the ultrastructural changes in the muscle atrophy in the two above-mentioned nerve injury cases. We observed that the intact trigeminus nerve could delay and lighten the atrophy of facialis-denervated facial muscle and attenuate the degeneration of myosin and actin, as well as decrease the increment of collagen and maintain the ultrastructure of the thick and thin muscle filaments. These results may provide the possibility of improvement of clinical treatment for facial muscle palsy.