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To evaluate in vitro release and transdermal behaviors of Zhitong cataplasm, modified Franz diffusion cell method was applied to investigate in vitro transdermal absorption of Zhitong cataplasm and the content of tetrahydropalmatine was determined by HPLC. In 24 hours, accumulative release rate of tetrahydropalmatine was 81. 9%, transmission rate was 2.26 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1). In 48 hours, accumulative transdermal rate and transmission rate of tetrahydropalmatine were 20.31%, 0.22 pg x cm(-2) x h(-1). So Zhitong cataplasm had a good release and transdermal properties and transdermal actions were consistent with zero-order kinetics process.

Objective: To evaluate the overall diet quality of Chinese adults using Chinese Diet Balance Index and the validity of DBI., Methods: 28320 adult aged 18 - 59 years who had completed 3 day dietary information and basic information were selected from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey. Diet quality were evaluated by using DBI scoring and evaluating system., Results: The major problems of Chinese residents are adequate food intake and excessive food intake co-exist. dietary quality are different between urban and rural populations, the extent of lower intake and excessive intake both is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. It shows that the extent of dietary imbalance is worse and severe among rural residents. The diet quality is effected by individual education level and family income., Conclusions: Comparing with the other measurements, DBI can describe the overall dietary quality more comprehensive, be easier to find out the major problem of the dietary pattern, and describe the extend of the problem numerically.

Objective: To establish Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI).; To evaluate the overall diet quality; To provide an effective measurement instrument for researchers, food and nutrition policy makers and the public., Methods: The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents motivated the selection of food-based components. The components were weighted and assigned cut-offs and point schemes based on the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. Five scoring method are used to combine the component scores., Results: 8 food-based components were selected, these are the intake of cereals, vegetable and fruit, bean and dairy, animal food, alcohol, salt, oil as well as the food variety. The scoring system including total score, lower bound score, higher bound scores, and diet quality distance can reflect both under and over intake. DBI can be used as a measurement to evaluate the dietary quality of the individual or the population.

Objective: To investigate the clinical factors related to false positive results of electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test (TET) for the detection of coronary heart disease (CHD)., Methods: 258 patients with chest pain undergoing TET and coronary angiography (CAG) were on rolled. The case history and various clinical parameters were collected. (1) The results of TET and CAG were compared to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TET; (2) Clinical informations of the true positive group and the false positive group were compared and a statistic analysis was carried out., Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TET for diagnosing CHD was 77.3%, 65.9%, and 69.8% respectively. The number of female in the false positive group was larger than that in the true positive group; The number of patients with typical chest pain, hyperlipidemic history, smoking history and family history of CHD was smaller than that in the true positive group. In the false positive group, the change of ST segment was mainly in II, III, aVF. The number of patients with change of more than 0.2 mV in ST and with angina induced during exertion was lower in the false positive group than in the true positive group. The difference was significant., Conclusion: Factors including sex, typical chest pain, risk factors of CHD, the location and extent of ECG changes and angina induced by exertion are closely related to false positive results of TET.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in fortified milk on physical development in Chinese school girls aged 10 - 12 years., Methods: A non-randomized, double-blind intervention trial was carried out at nine primary schools of Beijing for two years. Seven hundred and fifty-seven girls (with an average age of 10.1 years) were recruited from nine primary schools in Beijing, China. They were divided into three trial groups, a control group (n = 259) having regular diet without milk supplementation, Group 1 (n = 238) having regular diet supplemented with 144 ml/d of calcium-fortified milk, and Group 2 (n = 260) having regular diet supplemented with 144 ml/d of calcium and vitamin D-fortified milk. Data of dietary intake and physical activities were collected by questionnaire, and height, weight, sitting height and knee height were measured before, during and after intervention., Results: Two years after intervention, the percentage increases in height and weight were significantly greater in Groups 1 and 2 than those in control group (9.52%, 9.26% and 8.59% in height, and 34.53%, 35.38% and 30.91% in weight, respectively). The percentage increase of sitting height was greater in Group 1 than those in Group 2, and then than that in control group (9.21%, 8.58% and 7.87%, respectively). The percentage increase of knee height was significantly greater in Group 1 than that in Group 2 and control group (9.00%, 8.37% and 8.44%, respectively)., Conclusion: Calcium and vitamin D-fortified milk supplementation could promote their physical development in girls aged 10 - 12 years.

In order to solve the problem of calcium deficiency and to look for economic and efficient source of calcium, the effects of calcium carbonate, active calcium and calcium lactate on growth, development and tissue calcium level in rats were compared. Fifty-six 3-week old weaning rats were fed with calcium deficient diet (containing vitamin D 500 IU per kg diet) for 3 weeks, and then were divided into four groups randomly with 14 rats in each group, half male and half female. The diet of control group (A) was the basic diet, while the three experiment diets were supplemented with calcium carbonate (B), active calcium (C) and calcium lactate (D) (3000 mg calcium per kg diet), respectively. The experiment term was 12 weeks. The results showed that the body weight and length of calcium supplemented group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Among the calcium supplemented groups, no significant differences were observed except the difference of body length between the group D and the group A in female. Calcium deficiency dramatically hindered the development with reduced dietary intake and decreased food consumption efficiency. The calcium levels in plasma, red blood cells and liver were significantly higher in the supplemented groups than that in the control group (P<0.05), however, there was no difference among the supplemented groups. No significant difference of calcium levels in muscle and heart was observed among all groups. Based on needs for reaching the RDA with additional 400 mg/d from present calcium status in Chinese population, the calcium carbonate is the most economic one and the ideal calcium source for supplementation.