Search

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndrome has worse hazards of acute myeloid leukemia transformation, and some studies have revealed that immune infiltration plays a vital part in the two. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm the relationship between immune infiltration and related differentially expressed gene regulation. OBJECTIVE: To screen the differentially expressed genes with prognostic significance between myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia by bioinformatics analysis and explore the possible roles and mechanisms among these differentially expressed genes and immune infiltration mechanisms in the occurrence and progression of diseases. METHODS: The differentially expressed genes were screened for bioinformatics analysis using the GEO datasets, and analyzed by DO, GO, KEGG and GSEA. The TCGA prognostic database was used to plot the K-M curves of differentially expressed genes and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to evaluate the clinical diagnostic performance. Finally, CIBERSORT analysis was used to intuitively demonstrate the correlation between critical prognostic genes and the distribution of immuno-infiltrated cells. RT-qPCR was employed to detect peripheral blood samples from healthy controls, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia patients so as to verify the crucial genes preliminarily. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 150 differentially expressed genes were obtained between myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, among which 16 genes were up-regulated and 134 were down-regulated. (2) The results of DO, GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes might promote the development of myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia by regulating the immune response. CIBERSORT revealed the differences in immune infiltration between myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The distribution of CD4+ T cells, monocytes, neutrophils and M1 macrophages decreased in acute myeloid leukemia patients. In contrast, the distribution of inflammatory suppressor cells M2 macrophages increased, suggesting that it may be related to the immunosuppression of acute myeloid leukemia. (3) K-M curve and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of 150 differentially expressed genes screened out four genes relevant to immunity and prognosis with good diagnostic performance: MANSC1, FLT3, BMX and CXCR2. (4) The results of RT-qPCR exhibited that MANSC1, BMX and CXCR2 were low expressed, while FLT3 was highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia patients. These findings verify that the differential expression of MANSC1, FLT3, BMX and CXCR2 in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia is not only significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients but may also affect the occurrence and development of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia by regulating the immune infiltration of patients. They can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of the transformation from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia, providing a new direction for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption is a critical process of bone remodeling. The imbalance of bone formation and bone resorption is closely associated with the occurrence and development of various bone-related diseases. Under both physiological and pathological conditions, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in protein expression through either inhibiting mRNAs translation or promoting mRNAs degradation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-linear ncRNAs that can resist the degradation of RNA exonucleases. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as critical regulators of bone remodeling through their direct or indirect regulation of the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Additionally, recent studies have revealed the involvement of the circRNAs-miRNAs regulatory network in the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate towards the osteoblasts (OB) lineage and the process by which bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) differentiate towards osteoclasts (OC). The circRNA-miRNA network plays an important regulatory role in the osteoblastic-osteoclastic balance of bone remodeling. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the circRNA-miRNA regulatory mechanisms will contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in the process of bone remodeling and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Herein, we reviewed the functions of circRNA and microRNA. We also reviewed their roles in and the mechanisms of the circRNA-miRNA regulatory network in the process of bone remodeling. This review provides references and ideas for further research on the regulation of bone remodeling and the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective L-carnitine plays a crucial role in sperm maturation and energy metabolism, exerting multiple functions such as improving sperm quality, maintaining sperm DNA integrity, and facilitating sperm-egg binding. Guidelines and consensus, including the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of L-carnitine in Male Infertility (2014 Edition) and the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility (2022 Edition), have clarified the clinical value of L-carnitine in the treatment of male infertility and provided recommendations on its standardized application. With further study on the physiological effects of L-carnitine, it has been found that L-carnitine exerts multifaceted effects such as improving mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, possessing the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, promoting nerve regeneration and nutrition and neurotransmitter regulation, as well as facilitating gene expression regulation. Meanwhile, several clinical studies have demonstrated that in addition to male infertility, L-carnitine also plays a role in the treatment of many other andrological diseases, including Peyronie's disease, late-onset hypogonadism, and erectile dysfunction. This consensus is hereby developed to further clarify the clinical application of L-carnitine in various andrological diseases, giving detailed information on the distribution of L-carnitine in the human body, its basic physiological effects as well as its pharmacological effects, clinical research progress, and standardized medication in various andrological diseases to ultimately provide guidance and reference for clinical medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the effect of Achyranthes-Wangbuliuxing on sperm quality in pulmonary fibrosis model rats and its releveant mechanism. Methods Key signal pathways of Achyranthes bidentata and Wangbuliu in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis-cuased spermatogenic dysfunction were first predicted based on bioinformation analysis. After rat models with pulmonary fibrosis, the quality of their semen were measured and pathological changes of their testis wereanalyzed. The expressions of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and B-cell Lymphoma 2 ( BCL2) in rat testicular tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results Bybioinformation prediction analysis, a total of 24 active ingredients, 412 targets of Achyranthes-Wangbuliuxingwere obtained and 18 overlapping targets related to pulmonary fibrosis and male infertility were found. After constructingthe core target PPI network, core targets such as threonine proteins Kinase 1 ( AKT1), tumor necrosis factor ( TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2 ) were obtained, and they were involved in biological processes including the positive regulation of transcription of the polymerase II promoter and the negative regulation of gene expression, and negative regulation of apoptosis. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the cancer signaling pathway, and the Estrogen signaling pathway might be associated with the biological process mention above. Animal experiment showed that sperm concentration and total sperm motility of the treatment group were significantly increased (P <0. 05), while sperm concentration and total sperm motility of the blank control group were obviously decreased (P <0.05). The protein and mRNA expression levels of PDK, p-Akt and Bcl2 in the testis tissue of the treatment group were higher than those of the model group (P <0. 05). Conclusion Achyranthes Bidentata-Wangbuliuxing can activate PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance the anti-apoptotic ability of testicular cells and then improve spermatogenic function in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease. Its pathogenesis is complex and has not been elucidated. However, studies have shown that the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis is related to the programmed death of chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in new programmed cell death in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. METHODS: “Osteoarthritis, Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, ROS, L-ROS, iron-overload” were used as English and Chinese search terms. Relevant articles on programmed cell death were searched in CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and PubMed. The search time was from July 2012 to July 2022. All included articles were summarized, concluded, and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relationship between pyroptosis and osteoarthritis has attracted much attention in recent years, and current research still focuses on NLRP3 inflammasome and lipopolysaccharides. The development of osteoarthritis has also been shown to be closely associated with receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 in studies concerning necroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 could be a potential target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered mode of cell death, which has been found to mediate chondrocyte death through iron overload and lipid peroxidation, but ferroptosis involves the expression and regulation of multiple genes via complex signaling pathways and mechanisms that are not yet fully elucidated. Pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis have important roles in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, but their related pathways, genes, and miRNAs still need further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the dynamic expression characteristics of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 （LPAR1）, a differentially expressed gene, in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells （AEC Ⅱ） stimulated by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, and the role of the gene in the regulation of tissue factor （TF） and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1）. Methods RNA-seq sequencing was performed on RLE-6TN cells after injured by LPS, and then using bioinformatics analysis, identify the differentially expressed gene LPAR1 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. LPAR1 gene was dynamically expressed in RLE-6TN cells at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after LPS stimulation. On this basis, the expression of LPAR1 gene was knocked down by lentiviral transfection to observe the effect of the gene on the expression of TF and PAI-1. Results The expression of LPAR1 in RLE-6TN cells started to increase after 6 h of stimulation, peaked at 24 h, and then gradually decreased. LPAR1 gene levels were successfully knocked down through lentiviral transfection. After 24 hours of LPS stimulation, the expression levels of TF and PAI-1 mRNA and protein in the cells increased significantly compared with normal controls, with statistical significance （P < 0.05）, and then after knocking down LPAR1 gene, the expression levels of TF and PAI-1 decreased significantly （P < 0.05） and approached normal control values（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The LPAR1 gene has a regulatory effect on TF and PAI-1 in LPS-stimulated RLE-6TN cells. The gene is expected to be a new target for correcting fibrin deposition in the alveoli of ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat and cold stress can reduce the production performance, reproductive performance, immune and antioxidant capacity of cattle, and even lead to death. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effect of heat and cold stress as much as possible, cattle will activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis (HPA), hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM) to regulate body. At present, the methods to relieve heat and cold stress include physical methods, nutrient regulation and gene screening, but there are few researches on nutrient regulation and gene screening. The paper summarizes the concept, criterion and influence of heat and cold stress on cattle, and puts forward methods to regulate heat and cold stress and the breeding of varieties resistant to heat and cold stress, to provide reference for further research on heat and cold stress and improve economic benefits of breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EGCG is often regarded as the main active ingredient in tea to protect blood glucose homeostasis. The content of low molecular weight polyphenols such as EGCG in fungus fermented black tea (FFBT) is extremely low, and there are few studies on the hyperglycemic effect of FFBT. To explore the hypoglycemic effects and potential mechanisms of FFBT, GK rats with spontaneous hyperglycemic were given 280 mg⋅kg-1 FFBT extract (equivalent to 9 g of FFBT for daily human consumption) by gavage intervention. The study assessed the effects of FFBT on body weight, glucose homeostasis, regulatory factors related to glucose homeostasis, diabetic complications and liver transcription profiles in hyperglycemic rats. The results indicated that FFBT could obviously reduce the fasting blood glucose level and random blood sugar level of hyperglycemic rats, improve the abnormal glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic rats, maintain glucose homeostasis and alleviate the damage caused by diabetic complications in hyperglycemic rats. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that the hypoglycemic properties of FFBT might be related to the regulation of gene expression in the liver, such as Gck, Pklr, Pkm. This study found that FFBT may be a potential hypoglycemic functional beverage, providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of fermented tea such as FFBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) knockdown can inhibit the growth of tumor cells, but whether MKRN1 plays a role in the body as a tumor-related protein needs further study. The siRNA-mediated gene silencing is transient, and therefore, the duration is short and the conventional lentivirus technique also has an off-target effect. A cell line stably silencing MKRN1 gene constructed using Tet-on lentivirus system has reversible advantages and can avoid the above shortcomings, which is of great significance for the further study on the biological function of MKRN1. OBJECTIVE: To construct a MKRN1 gene silencing vector mediated by the Tet-on lentivirus system in order to study the effect of MKRN1 gene silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of human embryonic kidney cells HEK-293T. METHODS: Using RNAi technique, three short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed for MKRN1 gene, namely sh1, sh2, and sh3, and three shRNA sequences were ligated into tetracycline-induced expression vector pTripz. The correct sequence was verified by sequencing. HEK-293T cells were transfected with the three-plasmid system and cultured in the complete medium containing 1 mg/L doxycycline for lentivirus packaging. The virus solution was collected at 48 and 72 hours and concentrated to infect HEK-293T cells. Forty-eight hours after infection, the virus infection efficiency was observed by fluorescence microscope. The knockout efficiency of MKRN1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay. The successful construction of tetracyclineinduced expression system was detected by western blot assay. Colony formation test and western blot assay were used to detect the effect of silencing MKRN1 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of HEK-293T cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Three MKRN1-shRNAs, named sh1, sh2, and sh3, were successfully inserted into the Tet-on vector, and the sequence of each vector was correct. HEK-293T cells were successfully transfected with lentivirus. (2) RT-qPCR and western blot results indicated that the MKRN1 knockdown level of the first sequence of the three shRNA sequences was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of the target gene was rescued in the silent group without doxycycline induction. (3) The proliferation of HEK-293T cells decreased after MKRN1 silencing detected by colony formation experiments (P < 0.05). Western blot assay results revealed that after MKRN1 knockdown, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was down-regulated, the expression of BAX was increased, the expression of Bcl2 was down-regulated, and the Bcl2/BAX ratio was down-regulated (P < 0.001). (4) To conclude, the HEK-293T cell line stably silencing MKRN1 can be constructed by using Tet-on lentiviral vector system, and the silencing of MKRN1 can inhibit the proliferation of HEK293T cells and promote their apoptosis. The construction of stably silencing MKRN1 HEK-293T cells can lay a foundation for the further study on the biological function of MKRN1 and also provide a methodological reference for the study of the biological function of other genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize（Zea mays L.）is the most productive grain crop in the world. Sufficient and stable production of maize is of great importance for ensuring worldwide food security. Long-term studies and maize production practice have shown that increasing density tolerance and planting density of maize varieties is crucial for increasing its yield, and breeding an ideal plant architecture is an important way to improve maize density tolerance. Previous reports indicate that more erected leaf angle, lower ear height, fewer tassel branches, and earlier flowering were important components of ideal plant architecture of maize for adapting to high-density planting. Hereby we intend to summarize the research progress in their relationship of four morphological traits with high-density tolerance, their morphological development, and genetic regulation. We also propose several directions for further research on improving density tolerant plant architecture in maize, aiming to provide some useful references for future breeding high-density tolerant maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYB is a common transcription factors widely involved in the regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis. In order to explore the regulatory role of MYB transcription factors in the biosynthesis of common buckwheat anthocyanidins, this study screened and cloned a MYB gene associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis from the transcriptomic data of safflower common buckwheat and white flower common buckwheat, and named it FeR2R3-MYB, GenBank login number was MT151381.1. The sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression characteristics of FeR2R3-MYB gene in white flower common buckwheat and safflower common buck wheat. The results were as follows:(1)FeR2R3-MYB gene was 831 bp in total length, encoding 276 amino acids. The relative molecular mass of the protein was 30.95 kD, the theoretical isoelectric point(pI)was 8.73, and the instability index of the protein was 69.64, which belonged to the unstable protein. The total hydrophobic value was -0.679, and the whole peptide chain showed hydrophilic characteristics.(2)FeR2R3-MYB had a typical R2R3-MYB domain and belonged to the R2R3-MYB subfamily.(3)FeR2R3-MYB was closely related to common buckwheat and knotweed, belonging to the same family.(4)The promoter sequence of FeR2R3-MYB contained a total of nine light corresponding elements, 17 transcription factor binding sites, four abiotic corresponding elements and two hormone response elements.(5)Subcellular localization found that FeR2R3-MYB was only expressed in the nucleus.(6)The expression of FeR2R3-MYB gene of safflower common buckwheat was higher than that of white flower common buckwheat in leaves and inflorescences, and it was further speculated that FeR2R3-MYB gene could positively regulate the biosynthesis of common buckwheat anthocyanin. In summary, these results lay a foundation for further deepening the research on the function and expression regulation of FeR2R3-MYB gene in the biosynthetic pathway of common buckwheat anthocyanin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To review and analyze the research progress in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and their gene regulation mechanism by reviewing relevant literatures at home and abroad. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed were searched for the related articles published from database inception to June 2021. The retrieval key words were “myoblast, skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle injury repair, gene regulation, regulatory factor” in Chinese and English, respectively. We reviewed the regulation mechanism of myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and analyzed the role of myoblast proliferation and differentiation in the repair of skeletal muscle injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Myoblast proliferation and differentiation is the basis of skeletal muscle development and regeneration after injury or disease. Myoblast differentiation is often accompanied by changes in the expression levels of a series of regulatory factors involved in regulating cell cycle and related signaling pathways. There are mainly myogenic regulatory factors, retinoblastoma family, hypoxia-inducible factor, cyclin p53 and p21, and some signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase, HIPPO, adenylate-activated protein kinase, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Key regulatory factors and some specific functional proteins of cell cycle itself and signal transduction pathways interleave and interact with each other to regulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. A complex regulatory network is formed to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, thus improving the recovery quality of skeletal muscle injury. Therefore, the research on gene regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation has important potential application value for further understanding the repair of skeletal muscle injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the differences in the codon usage bias of δ8-FAD2 gene and the influencing factors between herbal oil crops, woody oil crops, and non-oil crops, provide the research basis for further improving the quality of oil crops through gene regulation, in this study, the complete gene sequences of δ8-FAD2 gene of 15 different types of plants were selected from GenBank database and their codon usage bias was analyzed. CodonW software was used to analyze the sequences to obtain important parameters such as A3, T3, C3, G3, GC3, effective codon number(ENC), and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU). Correlation index analysis, optimal codon determination of multiple reference systems, ENC-plot analysis, PR2-plot analysis, and systematic relationship analysis were used to compare the gene sequences of 15 different plants. The results showed that the δ8-FAD2 codon usage bias of these 15 plant species was weak, and they preferred ending with A or T; the δ8-FAD2 gene had 17 dominant codons and 21 optimal codons; the optimal codon of δ8-FAD2 gene in different plants was different. According to the analysis of ENC-plot and PR2-plot, the codon bias of δ8-FAD2 gene in oil crops was stronger than that in non-oil crops, and the codon bias pressure was similar among woody plants, but different among herbal plants. Cluster analysis based on RSCU value and complete gene sequence showed that the genetic relationship between species was not the decisive factor for codon usage bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, clinical treatments for ischemic stroke have limited efficacies and its pathogenesis still needs to be further explored, which will help to find more novel therapeutic targets. Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs not only play an important role in the regulation of gene expression but also play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE: To review the regulatory role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia from the aspects of apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood-brain barrier, which is expected to provide ideas for clinical research on the role of circular RNAs in ischemic stroke. METHODS: Relevant literatures published from March 2010 to March 2022 were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang Chinese database and PubMed using computer. Search terms included “ischemic stroke, acute ischemic stroke, RNA, ncRNA, RNA, Circular, circRNA, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, blood brain barrier” in Chinese and English. Finally 48 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Circular RNAs are a class of non-coding RNA molecules with a closed loop structure, characterized by back splicing and lack of 5’ end cap and 3’ end polyadenylation tail. It exists widely in eukaryotic cells and has many important regulatory functions. Existing evidence has revealed that circular RNAs play an important role in the development of ischemic stroke. For example, circSHOC2 functions as a sponge for miR-7670-3p that can reduce neuronal damage by regulating autophagy-promoting SIRT1 expression. A microarray study showed that the level of circHECTD1 was dramatically increased in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Knockdown of circHECTD1 remarkably reduced cerebral infarct volume in mice, which in turn reduced neuronal damage and improved astrocyte activation. Circular RNAs are highly stable and evolutionarily conserved, and their circular structures are insensitive to ribonucleases and are more stable than linear ones, thus making circular RNAs more potential for developing novel disease diagnosis and treatment methods. At present, there is only a small amount of research on the mechanism of circular RNAs in ischemic stroke and its specific mechanism is still unclear. Related treatment strategies need to be further improved. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to further study the mechanism by which circular RNAs regulate ischemic stroke and to explore new potential targets for precise treatment of ischemic stroke in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The litter size is an important economic index for breeding sows. The candidate genes related to the regulation of litter size traits in sows were explored, and the genetic mechanism of commercial pig fertility represented by binary hybrid sows was investigated, in order to lay a foundation for further application of molecular breeding. 【Method】Comparative analysis was conducted on two groups of extremely high and extremely low yielding Large White - Landrace sows by using whole genome resequencing, and selection elimination analysis was used to obtain Fst and θπ signal intersection as a high selection region for gene annotation and candidate gene screening.【Result】A total of 8 040 367 SNPs were found in two groups of samples, 50.6% of which were located in the intergenic region, 45.2% in the intron region, and only 1.0%, 1.1%, and 0.6% in the exon region, non-coding region 3' end, and 5' end, respectively. Among the SNP located in the exon region of the genome, 28 879 were non-synonymous variants, accounting for 35.0%. Extracting SNP loci located in the exon region, intron region, and non-coding regions at the 3' and 5' ends for gene annotation, a total of 1 136 differentially expressed genes were screened between the two groups of samples. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis on differential genes were conducted, and a total of 10 candidate genes that may affect reproductive performance and litter size traits were screened out, including EPHA4, SMAD7, GLI2, LRP1B, WT1, BAX, BCAT2, IL1B and FAF1. The gene functions mainly involved embryonic development, cell apoptosis, and etc【Conclusion】The Large White - Landrace binary sows have experienced significant artificial selection on the litter size trait, and the candidate genes affecting the litter size trait of binary sows have been preliminarily excavated. These genes play a role in the physiological activities related to pig reproductive performance, and mainly in the period of apoptosis of sow egg cells and the beginning of pregnancy to particpate in regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical and biological relevance of miR-150-5p targeted regulation of TP53 gene in colorec- tal cancer, and to investigate the role of miR-150-5p regulates TP53 gene on behavior of invasion and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Methods: The surgical and plasma samples (colorectal cancer and paracancerosal tissue) of 60 patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone surgical resection and pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer were collected. There were 10 normal mucosa and 30 adenomas. According to tumor diameter, tumors were divided into tumors> 5 cm (n=30) and ≤5 cm (n=30). qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-150-5p in the samples, and luciferase activity was performed to determine whether TP53 was the target gene of miR-150-5p. Using human colorectal cancer cell line SW480, Transwell chamber was used to detect cell invasion ability, CCK-8 was used to detect cell value-added ability, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on miR-150-5p. Results: TP53 was the target gene of miR-150-5p. The expression of miR-150-5p in cancer tissues and plasma was lower than that in adjacent tissues, the expression of miR-150-5p in tumors with a diameter of> 5 cm was significantly lower than that of tumors with a diameter of 5 cm, miR-150-5p expression in stage I-II colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in stage III-IV tissue (P<0.05). After up-regulating miR-150-5p, TP53 expression in the cells decreased, and after down-regulating miR-150-5p, TP53 expression increased; CCK-8 prolifer ation test showed that miR-150-5p over-expression group inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05). Conclusion: MiR-150-5p is significantly under-expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. MiR-150-5p inhibits the invasion and proliferation of human CRC cells by target- ing TP53, and is expected to become a new target for colorectal cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Purple-skinned varieties of figs have the advantages of better appearance quality, higher health value, and higher commercial value than green-skinned varieties, making them the main direction of the fig breeding at present. The functional study on the genes related to the regulation of fig peel color is of great significance for the selection of fig varieties with different peel colors.【Method】Using the ‘Zibao’ fig as the test material, the conservative domain of the FcMYB114 fruit peel flavonoid biosynthesis regulatory gene of the ‘Zibao’ fig was cloned by using homologous cloning technology. The gene FcMYB114 was silenced by VIGS（Virus-induced gene silencing） technology, and its function was studied.【Result】Quantitative gene expression analysis revealed that FcMYB114 was expressed at the lowest level in the young fruit peel（PY） of ‘Zibao’ and at the highest level in the mature fruit peel（PM）, and its expression was significantly reduced after light deprivation treatment. The phylogenetic tree showed that FcMYB114（c42269＿g1） of fig had the closest relationship with PyMYB114 of red-skinned pear, with a sequence similarity of 83.12%, and was also closely related to AtMYB114 in Arabidopsis and PpMYB9 in Prunus persica. The multiple sequence alignment analysis results showed that FcMYB114 had a highly homologous R2-R3 DNA binding domain at the N-terminal, which was similar to the structure of most MYB transcription factors. The fig fruits silenced by VIGS showed obvious differences in fruit peel color compared with the control, and the anthocyanin content was about 38.5% of the control. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of structural genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathway changed after FcMYB114 gene silencing, among which FcDFR, FcANS and FcUFGT showed a significant downward trend.【Conclusion】In the fig pericarp mediated by pTRV2-FcMYB114, the anthocyanin content decreased and the expression of structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathway was significantly down-regulated, indicating that FcMYB114 gene may positively regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis synthesis in fig fruit peel, providing new insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of related transcription factors in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of fig, and laying a foundation for the creation of fig varieties with different colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to investigate the molecular network regulation mechanism of quercetin on host infection caused by Aspergillus flavus based on network pharmacological methods. The potential target of quercetin was screened by TCM systematic pharmacology online analysis database (TCMSP), and relevant target was searched by using key word 'Aspergillus flavus' in Genecards database. The intersection targets of quercetin and Aspergillus flavus were obtained through Venny platform. The String database established PPI network diagram and selected key targets. The DAVID database was used for GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Use Autodock Tools 1.5.7 software to dock quercetin with core antibacterial target. The results showed that 128 potential targets of quercetin, 60 related targets of Aspergillus flavus, and 12 key targets of quercetin regulating host infection caused by Aspergillus flavus were screened. The GO function enrichment analysis yielded 144 entries, including 127 entries for biological processes (such as cytokine mediated signal pathway, cell response to lipopolysaccharide and positive regulation of gene expression), three entries for cell components (such as extracellular space, extracellular region, and cell surface), and 14 entries for molecular functions (such as caffeine oxidase activity, cytokine activity, and enzyme binding). The results of KEGG enrichment analysis showed that quercetin regulation of host infection caused by Aspergillus flavus was related to inflammatory bowel disease, IL-17 signal pathway, TNF signal pathway and other ten signal pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that IL-6 had good affinity with quercetin, which might be the main target of quercetin in regulating host infection caused by Aspergillus flavus. The study indicates that quercetin may regulate Aspergillus flavus to cause host infection through IL-6, the key target of IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the hepatic transcriptomic changes and the effects on metabolism of smc5 gene knockout zebrafish. Methods: The smc5 knockout zebrafish model was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and total RNA of the liver from wildtype and smc5-/- zebrafish was extracted for RNA sequencing, and gene expression profile of smc5-/- zebrafish was established. To better understand the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the smc5-/-, DEGs were subjected to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes (KEGG). q RT-PCR analysis was used to validated a set of genes. Results: The smc5 knockout lines of zebrafish carrying 2 base deletion were successfully constructed, which is expected to cause a frame shift. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that p53 related pathways are significantly enriched among the genes upregulated. The downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid degradation and metabolism, pyruvate metabolism. qRT-PCR results also validated that a set of genes of metabolism was downregulated. Conclusions: smc5 deficiency affects hepatic metabolism in zebrafish. The results of this study lay a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism of SMC5 gene in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. The treatment of foot complications is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently in the medical care of diabetic people. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell exosomes genetically modified miRNA has a great potential for promoting diabetic foot’s angiogenesis and tissue repair. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA in the treatment of diabetic foot, focus on the role of exosomal gene-modified miRNA in the treatment of diabetic foot, and systematically explain the molecular mechanism of how mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair in the inflammatory microenvironment so as to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of later clinical trials. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley electronic journal databases were searched to retrieve related articles with “mesenchymal stem cells; exosomes; gene modification; diabetic foot; miRNA; inflammation; insulin resistance; angiogenesis; wound healing; tissue engineering; tissue reparation” as the English search terms. Finally, 89 English documents were included for summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA has a significant effect on diabetic foot tissue regeneration and wound healing. Its main mechanisms include promoting angiogenesis by participating in transcriptional regulation of gene expression, accelerating wound reepithelialization, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, regulating cell regeneration, and protecting β cells and regulating insulin resistance, thereby playing an important role in healing diabetic foot wounds. (2) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA can repair pancreatic tissue, improve obesity and insulin resistance, and delay the progression of diabetes and its complications by inhibiting β-cell apoptosis and increasing the sensitivity of insulin target tissues. (3) Targeted editing of the genome through regular clusters of interval short palindrome repeats and Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology can achieve precise gene modification, change the biological characteristics of miRNAs, and regulate the gene network to change its transcription and translation in target cells and target tissues to achieve the therapeutic effect. (4) This article comprehensively summarizes how exosomes miRNA is regulated by different gene loci to achieve the healing effect on refractory wounds of diabetic foot. (5) Exosomes miRNA also shows a great potential as a biomarker for diabetic foot treatment targets, early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognostic diagnosis. (6) Seeking the best mesenchymal stem cell exosomes gene-modified miRNA therapy is expected to become a new technology for diabetic foot treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to identify the molecular mechanisms of different sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum )responding to cold stress, the leaves of different sugarcane genotypes with different cold tolerance treated at 4 °C for 24 h were sampled as the materials for high-through transcriptome sequencing with Illumina HiSeqTM 2000, and 18 sRNA libraries before and after cold stress were constructed. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 322 known miRNAs of 84 families were discovered, and 110 new miRNAs were predicted. Among the known miRNAs, 100 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out(61 up-regulated, 39 down-regulated), and 37 differentially expressed miRNAs(15 up-regulated, 22 down-regulated)were screened out from the new miRNAs.(2)A total of 1 844 target genes were predicted by using psRNATarget, TargetFinder and Tapirhybrid software. Three main functional categories of these target genes were revealed via the functional analysis of gene ontology, namely molecular function, cellular component and biological process.(3)In order to verify the reliability of high-throughput sequencing data, 14 miRNAs and their target genes were selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which showed that the 14 miRNAs were detected and most of the expressions were consistent with the sequencing results.(4)Some miRNA target genes were identified, which involved in plant growth, development and cold stress responses. All the above results indicate that miRNA in cold tolerant sugarcane directly or indirectly regulates the expression of target genes to realize the expression regulation of related metabolic pathways, and plays a key role in regulating the important agronomic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C2H2 zinc finger proteins are an important category of transcription factors in eukaryotes, which play important roles in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses. OsZAT12, a C2H2 zinc finger protein in rice, which cloned in our previous study, was only expressed in rice roots and was localized in the nucleus. Overexpressing OsZAT12 in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited dwarf phenotype. To further investigate the function of OsZAT12 in rice, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the response patterns of OsZAT12 under abiotic stresses and phytohormones treatment. The results were as follows:(1)OsZAT12 contained two typical C2H2 zinc finger domains and one EAR motif, and has transcriptional repressive activity. The promoter of the OsZAT12 contained elements related to abiotic stresses and phytohormones.(2)The results of abiotic stresses and phytohormones treatment in rice also revealed that low temperature stress(4 °C)and phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)treatment significantly down-regulated OsZAT12 expression, while osmotic stress(20% PEG 6 000), phytohormone brassinosteroid(BR)or indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of OsZAT12. These results showed that OsZAT12 involved in the changes in response to abiotic stresses and phytohormones in rice.(3)Homozygous OsZAT12 overexpression plants and OsZAT12 knockout plants were obtained using overexpression vector with 35S promoter and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, respectively.(4)Observation of the phenotype of OsZAT12 overexpression rice showed that compared with the wild type, the plant height of OsZAT12 overexpression plants was significantly shorter at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage. The plant height of OsZAT12 knockout plants did not change significantly compared with the wild type, while the panicle number and seed-setting rate of them were significantly lower than those of the wild type. These results indicated that OsZAT12 affected the establishment of agronomic traits such as rice plant type, panicle type and seed-setting rate.(5)The results in this study further showed that overexpression of OsZAT12 reduced the sensitivity of rice to exogenous ABA, while the opposite phenotype was observed in OsZAT12 knockout plants. Therefore, it is speculated that the effect of OsZAT12 on plant growth and development may be related to the regulation of this gene in response to abiotic stresses and hormonal signals, and this study provides an experimental basis of using OsZAT12 for molecular design breeding of stress-tolerant and stable yield in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The expression of miR-7 is down-regulated in various tumor tissues, including gastric cancer, and plays a major role in tumor suppression. It has been confirmed that miR-7 can affect a variety of cell biological functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between miR-7 and stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer cells, and the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of miR-7-5p on stem cell-like properties of human SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODS: The gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was used as cell model. NC, miR-7-5p mimics, inhibitor NC and miR-7-5p inhibitor were transfected into cells, separately. The inverted fluorescent microscope was used to observe transfection efficiency at 48 hours post-transfection. The expression levels of miR-7-5p, Nanog and Sox2 mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. Spheroid and soft-agar colony formation assays were performed to observe the abilities of spheroid and soft-agar colony formation, respectively. The proportion of CD24+ CD44+ cell subsets was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The expression of miR-7-5p was significantly increased or decreased in SGC7901 cells after transfection of miR-7-5p inhibitor or mimics compared with inhibitor NC or NC group (P < 0.01). (2) The numbers of spheroid and soft-agar colony formation of SGC-7901 cells were decreased in the miR-7-5p mimics group than those in NC group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but increased in miR-7-5p inhibitor group than those in inhibitor NC group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) The proportion of CD24+ CD44+ cells in the miR-7-5p mimics group was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P < 0.01). The proportion of CD24+ CD44+ cells in miR-7-5p inhibitor group was significantly higher than those in inhibitor NC group (P < 0.01). (4) The mRNA expression levels of Nanog and Sox2 in the miR-7-5p mimics group were significantly lower than those in the NC group, and the mRNA expression levels of Nanog and Sox2 in the miR7-5p inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in the inhibitor NC group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (5) miR-7-5p can inhibit spheroid and soft-agar colony formation abilities of gastric cancer cells, and reduce the proportion of CD24+ CD44+ cell subsets in gastric cancer cells. The potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of stemness genes Nanog and Sox2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA(circRNA) is a type of endogenous RNA that widely exists in eukaryotic cells. It is formed by back-splicing of pre-mRNA without 5' cap and 3' poly(A) tail, showing a closed circular structure. CircRNA are involved in many important biological processes such as gene expression regulation through miRNA sponge binding. CircRNA can produce different circular transcripts through alternative splicing. Therefore, obtaining the full-length sequence information of circRNA transcripts and accurately quantifying the internal alternative splicing products of circRNA are the premise to reveal the regulatory function of circRNA. Bioinformatics tools can handle high-throughput sequencing data efficiently and conveniently, and are widely used to identify and analyze circRNA. This paper introduces the generation mechanism and functional characteristics of circRNA, and reviews the computational tools for circRNA detection, full-length sequence assembly and quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Flesh thickness variation and transcriptome sequencing analysis of different bitter gourd were carried out to provide theoretical reference for subsequent studies on fruit development and related regulatory mechanisms bitter gourd. [Method] Flesh thickness of 70 bitter gourds was determined, then high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and data analysis were performed on the significantly different materials. [Result] (i) Differences of flesh thickness were found among 70 materials, and LX1-3 and ZK54 differed significantly which were applied as thick-flesh and thin-flesh germplasms to do the transcriptome sequencing. (ii) According to the statistics of transcriptomic sequencing, a total of 234 825 400 clean reads were obtained from LX1-3, with an average Q30 value of 92.74%. The sequences compared to the reference genome accounted for 88.07% of the total number of sequences, including 34 027 357 single sequence, accounting for 86.98%, and GC content was 46.54%. Then, a total of 241 318 020 clean reads were obtained from ZK54, with an average Q30 value of 92.26%. The sequences compared to the reference genome accounted for 87.23% of the total number of sequences, including 34 607 181 single sequences, accounting for 86.06%, and GC content was 46.75%. (iii) Totally 1492 differentially expressed genes were found and 598 transcription factors were predicted between these two germplasms. 616 annotations were obtained in GO database, including biological processes, cell components and molecular function, therein most of them were involved in biological processes. 308 different genes were enriched in KEGG metabolism pathway, ‘Porphyrin and Chlorophyll metabolism’ pathway was with the highest enrichment factor and ‘Ribosome’ was with the largest number among the up-regulated genes, ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway was with both the highest enrichment factor and the largest number among the down-regulated genes. [Conclusion] Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, it is speculated that flesh development of bitter melon may be significantly affected by the regulation of up-regulated gene expression, which will be beneficial to further study the development regulation mechanism at the molecular level and provide help for promoting molecular breeding of bitter gourd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Chondrocytes are the source of seed cells for cartilage repair engineering. Chondrocyte differentiation is closely related to endochondral ossification, which is an essential for bone development. SOX9 plays an important role in the regulation of chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To review the latest research progress in the regulatory mechanism of SOX9 on chondrocyte differentiation at different levels. METHODS: A computer search was conducted for the relevant literatures published in CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed until December 2020. The key words were “cartilage, chondrocyte, regulation of SOX9 gene expression, posttranscriptional regulation, protein processing, posttranslational modification, functional partner” in Chinese and “cartilage, chondrocyte, posttranscriptional regulation, posttranslational modification, SOX9, transcriptional regulation, gene expression regulation, SOX9 transcription factor“ in English, respectively. Finally, 61 eligible articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The key mechanisms involved in SOX9 regulation at the gene, RNA, and protein levels have been discovered. The SOX9 key factors can directly or indirectly promote osteogenic growth of chondrocytes, either positively or negatively, or even due to the interaction between various factors. SOX9 is a key factor in chondrocyte differentiation and chondrogenesis. By systematically analyzing the molecular mechanism of SOX9 regulation at different levels, the theoretical basis for cartilage tissue engineering can be provided, to accelerate the clinical treatment and application in cartilage diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have shown that microglia are activated after spinal cord injury, which play a dual role of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, and are closely related to secondary spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of microglia’ M1/M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury, the progress in spinal cord injury intervention studies targeting M1/M2 phenotype and the possible research directions of microglia after spinal cord injury. METHODS: In May 2021, the first author searched PubMed database with the keywords of “microglia, spinal cord injury, M1 phenotype, M2 phenotype, polarization, activation, activated, regulation.” After reading the title and abstract, the retrieved articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 76 included literatures were summarized and reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microglia have special biological functions due to its unique cell origin and development environment. In physiological state, microglia rely on its highly active branching process to continuously monitor the changes of microenvironment in the spinal cord tissue and play the function of immune surveillance. After spinal cord injury, microglia rapidly respond to abnormal microenvironmental signals and are polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes, exerting neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, respectively. A large number of basic experiments have demonstrated that interventions such as Chinese herbal extracts, clinical drugs, regulation of gene expression, cell transplantation, biomaterials can regulate the M1/M2 phenotype of microglia and improve the prognosis of spinal cord injury in a rodent model. However, no consensus has been reached on the optimal regulation target for the quantity and proportion of M1 and M2 phenotypes, and in vivo drug delivery targeting microglia is lacking. Future explorations should focus on promoting the functional balance between M1 and M2 phenotypes to limit the level of inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, which is conducive to repair of the injured spinal cord. With the further research on the precise regulation mechanism of microglial polarization phenotype after spinal cord injury, the results from basic research are correspondingly expected to be applied to clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) can promote osteogenesis, and osteocytes secrete sclerostin by expressing SOST gene to inhibit the osteogenic effect of osteoblasts. Some studies have found that BMPs family can promote the secretion of osteosclerotic protein when directly acting on osteocytes, but this contradicts the positive osteogenic effect of BMPs. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of BMP-2 indirectly regulating the expression of sclerostin gene in osteocytes. METHODS: Mouse MC-3T3-E1 cells were treated with different concentrations of BMP-2 (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 125, 250, 500 and 1 000 μg/L) in vitro. The best concentration of BMP-2 to promote the proliferation of MC-3T3-E1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8. Then the effect of BMP-2 on the indirect regulation of sclerostin gene expression in osteocytes was studied by co-culture of MC-3T3-E1 cells and MLO-Y4 cells. The possible altered genes in MC-3T3-E1 cells were detected by RT-PCR, and the target genes of MC-3T3-E1 cells were screened to verify the effect of target genes on the expression of sclerostin in MLO-Y4 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMP-2 could significantly promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. Compared with other concentrations, 250 μg/L had the best effect. The results of RT-PCR experiment showed that BMP-2 could indirectly regulate the expression of sclerostin gene and promote the down-regulation of sclerostin expression in osteocytes (P < 0.01). The results of target gene screening showed that, compared with other genes, the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in osteoblasts was significantly downregulated and the expression of osteoprotegerin in osteoblasts was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). The results of target gene verification showed that BMP-2 may indirectly affect the expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in osteocytes, and then affect the expression of sclerostin in MLO-Y4 cells, thus positively promoting osteogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the three alpine flowers in the world and one of the ten traditional famous flowers in China, Rhododendron has high ornamental value and broad landscape applications. However, most of them are naturally distributed in high-altitude mountains, and they prefer cool and humid climate for the restriction of genetic mechanism. Drought is the key factor to restrict their ex-situ conservation and landscape application. As Rhododendron have many different species, cultivars and ecological types, distributed in a wide area, the mechanisms of different species or cultivars responses to drought stress are different. In this paper, how Rhododendron responses to drought stress and the effects of exogenous substances on improving the drought resistance of Rhododendron in China and abroad were reviewed from the aspects of seed germination, morphological and anatomical characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, gene expression, etc. In addition, the deficiency of current research and the future research directions were also discussed. It is proposed that the water use strategy and drought resistance mechanism of different ecological types and different drought resistances of Rhododendron should be future studied, as well as the gene regulation mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi for improving the drought resistance and the screening of excellent strains. This study provides the basis for the diversity conservation, the exploitation of drought resistance resources and the landscape applications of Rhododendron in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Through sorting and identification of small cell lung cancer in vitro, the existence of tumor stem cells has been shown to be an important factor to promote the malignant proliferation of tumor cells. Tumorigenesis is closely related to the abnormal expression of various molecules in cells and the regulation of targeted genes. Previous studies have found that EVI1 has the characteristics of proto oncogene and can be up-regulated in lung cancer. miRNA-206 can target the expression of EVI1 gene and protein. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of miRNA-206 on cell proliferation and division cycle by targeted regulating the expression of EVI1 transcription gene in stem cells of small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Firstly, miRNA-206 transfection experiment was used to verify the targeted regulation of EVI1 gene. The experiment was divided into three groups: miRNA-206 mimics, miR-206 inhibitor, and miR-NC. The expression of EVI1 protein in the stem cells was detected by western blot assay. miRNA-206 lentivirus transfection experiment was used to verify the signal transduction pathway and biological behavior of the cells. The experiment was divided into three groups: pLB-miR-206 group, empty vector group, and control group. The expression levels of miR-206 and EVI1 mRNA in stem cells were detected by RT-PCR. The expression levels of p-Akt and p-JNK protein were detected by western blot assay. The cell proliferation rate was detected by MTT method. Percentage of mitotic and apoptotic cells in cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Evi1 protein level in the miR-206 mimics group was significantly higher than that in the miR-NC group (P < 0.05), and the Evi1 protein level in the miR-206 inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the miR-NC group (P < 0.05). It was suggested that miR-206 may target the expression of EVI1 gene in stem cells. (2) After transfection with miRNA-206 lentivirus, the expression levels of miR-206 and EVI1 mRNA in pLB-miR-206 group were significantly lower than those in the empty vector and control groups; the protein expression levels of p-Akt and p-JNK decreased; the cell proliferation rate decreased; and the proportion of cell division cycle decreased (P < 0.05). It was found that miR-206 may target to regulate the expression of EVI1 transcription gene and the activation of Akt/JNK signaling pathway in stem cells of small cell lung cancer, which has an impact on cell proliferation and division cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]