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Meat goose can represent one of the most significant economic waterfowl in China. An excessively high stocking density can reduce the production performance and welfare of geese. Moreover, the light-emitting diode (LED) green light can play a pivotal role in regulating the growth and development of embryos and offspring in chickens. This study aims to determine the optimal regimen of LED green light in the high-density rearing mode of goslings. According to the actual production, a two-factor experiment was designed with the incubation light (dark and LED green) and growth light (LED white and LED green). A systematic analysis was made to explore the effects of LED green light on growth performance, intestinal development, blood hormones, feather quality, and pecking behaviors of geese in high-stocking density. The results show that the light intensities were 30–40 and 30–35 lx during the incubation and brooding period, respectively, with a light cycle of L:D = 24:0. The growth performance of geese was significantly improved by LED green light during the gosling brooding period. The LED green light during the growing period was found to significantly increase the body weight of geese at 14 days, as well as the daily gain and feed intake of geese for 1 to 14 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the ratio of feed to gain of geese for 1 to 14 days (P < 0.05). A significant reduction was found in the concentration of serotonin and corticosterone in the blood, as well as the duodenal crypt depth of the geese at 14 days in the green light group during the growth period (P < 0.05), compared with the white light group. Furthermore, the LED green light irradiation during the growing period was observed to significantly increase the length of the chest and abdomen feathers of geese at 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.05), whereas, the back bare score of geese was reduced at 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.01), and the average pecking time and frequency of geese was reduced for 1 to 14 days post-hatching (P < 0.001). Thus, the green light environment during the growing period was significantly beneficial to the quality of the feathers and the development of geese plumage. The LED green light during the embryonic period was found to significantly reduce the average pecking time and frequency (P < 0.05) for better feather pecking behavior in geese. Moreover, the hatching procedure of green light outstandingly reduced the duodenal crypt depth (P < 0.01), where there was an increase in the jejunal villus height of geese at 14 days (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. The adverse effects of intensive farming were reduced on the intestinal development of geese. Moreover, there was no significant interaction to identify between the incubation and brood lights, in terms of the regulation of growth performance, intestinal development, blood hormones, feather quality (feather length, cleanliness, and damage degree), and feather pecking behavior of geese. Therefore, the LED green light shared the positive regulations on the negative effects of high-density rearing of goslings. Moreover, the LED green light during the growing period of goslings yielded superior outcomes. It is thus recommended that green light irradiation can be employed at the brood stage of goslings in actual production, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of modern intensive farming on goslings. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient production of geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of whole-plant corn silage on the intestinal length, organ indexes, and serum biochemical indexes of Taizhou geese. A total of 180 female Taizhou breeding geese at 35 days old were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates in each group and 10 geese in each replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, while Group I - Group V were fed the whole-plant corn silage that replaced 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50 % of the basic diet. The pre-test period was 7 days and the experimental period was 49 days. The results indicate that at 71 days of age, the lengths of the cecum in Group VV and Group V, the cecum in Group V, and the rectum in Group V were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). At 92 days of age, the length of the rectum in Group V was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). At 71 days of age, the liver index in Group V was superior to the control group and Group V and Group V ( P<0.05), and the gizzard index was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). At 92 days of age, the TP concentration in Group V, Group III Group IV and Group V was higher than that in the control group. The AST activity in the control group was higher than that in Group I and Group V ( P<0.05). The study indicates that replacing the basic diet with whole-plant corn silage has no negative effect on the development of the hearts and livers of Taizhou geese aged 43-92 days. It can promote the development of the digestive organs, protein anabolism, and deposition, with the suitable substitution ratio being 20% to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The embryonic stage is an important period for muscle development of vertebrates. During the development of goose embryo, it is easy to be polluted by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), which leads to the generation of dead embryos and weak seedlings. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous LPS on breast and leg muscle development of Magang goose embryos by injecting exogenous LPS to simulate LPS contaminated Magang goose embryos. [Methods]Magang goose embryos of embryonic age day 8(E8)were selected and injected 100 μL of normal saline containing 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg LPS into allantoic cavity. Allcystic fluid(blood on 1 day-old age goose, 1 d)was collected at embryonic age day 15(E15), day 23(E23)and 1 day after birth(1 d)for LPS content detection. Breast and leg muscle tissue was collected for HE staining section to count muscle bundle area and density, and gene and protein expression levels of pectoral and leg muscle from 1 d were detected. [Results]Exogenous LPS significantly decreased the hatchability of goose embryos. At E23, LPS content in allantoic fluid of goslings in 100 μg LPS group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05). LPS decreased breast muscle bundle area at E23 and 1 d, significantly decreased muscle bundle density at E15, significantly increased breast muscle bundle density at E23, and significantly decreased leg muscle bundle area at E15 and 1 d(P<0.05). The expression levels of inflammatory factor-related genes(IL-6, TNF-α)and myoproliferative genes(IGF-1, MyoD)of goose embryo breast muscle significantly decreased in LPS injection group E15(P<0.05). At 1 d, IGF-1 expression level significantly increased, and Myogenin, Myh1 expression levels significantly decreased(P<0.05). In LPS group, the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MyoD, Myogenin and Myh1 at E15 goose embryo leg muscle were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of IGF-1 were significantly downregulated(P<0.05). At 1 d, only IL-6 and Myogenin genes in 100 μg group showed significant upregulation(P<0.05). In terms of protein expression, the expression level of TNF-α protein in breast muscle significantly increased and the expression level of MyoD protein significantly decreased(P<0.05)at 1 d after injection of exogenous LPS. The protein expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MyHC in leg muscle significantly increased, while the protein expression level of MyoD significantly decreased(P<0.05). [Conclusions]Exogenous LPS could decrease the hatchability of goslings, significantly decrease the cross-sectional area of breast and leg muscle bundle, increase the expression levels of inflammatory factors, and decrease the expression levels of genes related to muscle proliferation, which was not conducive to the growth and development of myofibers of Magang goose embryos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The rise of biomimetic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster has brought new challenges for radar target tracking and identification. Different cluster flight modes will have different impacts on radar data processing and cluster target identification. For analyzing the influence mechanism of the cluster on radar tracking and identification, this paper models the flight process of UAV cluster based on three kinds of species: geese, wolves and bees, which respectively simulated the large-scale transport, close-in rounding attack and robust information communication of UAV cluster. Secondly, it discusses the influence mechanism of different cluster modes on several algorithms of tracking: track initiation, data association and tracking filter. Finally, combined with the characteristics of three biological movements, it designs the identification methods of cluster event pattern based on clustering in detail, and gives the judgment rules. The simulation results show that there is the suitable combination of radar data processing algorithms for different clustering modes. The optimized tracking algorithm combination based on different clustering modes can effectively improve the tracking accuracy of the radar cluster target, and can reduce the time cost. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper can realize the identification of different cluster patterns to the judgment of target intention and provide the subsequent processing.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different levels of honeysuckle extract on growth performance, nutrient metabolic rate, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indexes and meat quality of Tong geese. A total of 200 healthy male Tong geese with body weight of (2.04±0.12) kg were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate. The groups were supplemented with 0, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg honeysuckle extract in the basal diets, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 6 d and the formal test lasted for 35 d. The results showed that the average daily gain of Tong geese in group 3 and group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The metabolic rates of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of Tong geese in groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). The content of TP and GLB in serum of Tong geese in group 3 and group 4 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05), and the activity of AST and ALT in group 3 and group 4 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (P<0.05). The leg muscle percentage and chest muscle percentage of Tong geese in groups 3 and group 4 were significantly higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05), and the abdominal fat percentage was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The intermuscular fat content of Tong geese in group 3 and group 4 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of honeysuckle extract can effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient metabolic rate, blood biochemical indexes, slaughter performance and meat quality of Tong geese, and the appropriate dosage is 300 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is a small, non-encapsulated virus, whose genome consists of a single-stranded, positive-stranded RNA molecule with a genome length of 7.1-7.3 kb. GAstV is a new member of the genus avian astrovirus in the family Astroviridae, which can be classified into two genetic subgroups (GAstV-1, GAstV-2) based on genetic homology and genetic distance, which are not yet involved in official classification. GAstV infection can lead to diarrhea, growth inhibition, and clinical signs dominated by joint urate deposition and visceral urate deposition in geese, and it is considered to be the main etiological agent causing gout in geese. There is a lack of commercialized vaccines or therapeutic drugs against GAstV, relying mainly on biosecurity measures for prevention and control. China's researchers first detected and isolated the GAstV strain in gouty geese flocks in Shandong Province in 2017. GAstV spreads quickly and radiates widely, with related cases reported in Guangdong, Fujian, and Anhui in the same year, resulting in up to 1.2 billion yuan to 1.5 billion yuan in economic losses. The incidence of GAstV can be up to 80%, and the mortality rate can be up to 50%. GAstV can lead to immunosuppression in geese, and they are susceptible to infection with other pathogens in the course of feeding, resulting in more severe clinical symptoms and increasing the difficulty of pathogen prevention and control. GAstV not only infects its natural host, geese, but also has the ability to cross the species barrier, causing diarrhea, growth inhibition, and triggering urate deposition in internal organs or joints in chickens and ducks. This suggests that GAstV may have the potential for human-animal transmission, and subsequent studies should strengthen the epidemiological monitoring of GAstV and pay close attention to the changes in its transmission characteristics. At present, scholars have made certain research progress in the pathogen detection of GAstV, and have established various technical methods that can efficiently and accurately detect GAstV. However, the research on the pathogenic mechanism of GAstV has not yet been in-depth, the research on vaccine preparation is relatively weak, and there is no uniform and effective in vitro culture method for GAstV, which has seriously hindered the pace of basic research on the pathogen. In order to better understand the impact of GAstV on goose farming industry in China, this paper reviews four aspects of GAstV, namely, pathogenesis, epidemiology, host immune response, and the association between GAstV and gout, which will provide a reference for the follow-up research and scientific control of GAstV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and development of hybrid offspring of Yili goose and Holdobaji goose. The experiment analyzed the body weight and body size of hybrid offspring of 0~9 weeks of age Yili goose and Holdobaji goose, used Logistic model, Gompertz model and Bertalanffy model to fit and compare the body weight data of hybrid goose. The results showed that the skew length of gander at 2, 6 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of female goose (P<0.05), the skew length of gander at 4 weeks of age was extremely higher than that of female goose (P<0.01). The breast depth, hip bone width and keel length of gander at 2 weeks of age were extremely higher than those of female goose (P<0.01), and the chest width was significantly higher than that of female goose (P<0.05). The chest circumference, shin length and semi-diving length of gander at 2, 4 weeks of age was extremely higher than that of female goose (P<0.01). The shin length and semi-diving length of gander at 6 weeks of age were significantly higher than those of female goose (P<0.05). Shin girth of gander at 4 weeks of age was extremely higher than that of female goose (P<0.01), and shin girth of gander at 8 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of female goose (P<0.05). The growth rate of gander and female goose of hybrid offspring was slow from 0~3 weeks of age, the growth rate was accelerated after 3 weeks of age, and the growth peak was reached around 4~5 weeks of age. The study indicates that Bertalanffy model has the best fitting effect on gander and female crossbred goose by growth curve fitting analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to analyze the immune regulation and physical recovery of goose serum powder in immunocompromised mice. A total of 72 mice were randomly divided into six groups, with 12 mice in each group. Except for blank control group, the mice in other groups were injected with 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide subcutaneously on 1~7 d of administration to establish an immunosuppressive mouse model. The mice in blank control group and negative control group were given 0.01 mL/g normal saline daily, the mice in positive control group was given 20 mg/kg levamisole hydrochloride daily, high, medium and low dose groups were given 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg goose serum powder solution daily, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 d. The results showed that compared with negative control group, the growth rate of body weight and immune organ index in goose serum powder treatment groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). RBC, HGB, PLT were significantly increased in goose serum powder low dose group (P<0.05), and RBC, WBC, PLT and HGB were significantly increased in goose serum powder medium dose group and goose serum powder high dose group (P<0.05). LDH activity in goose serum powder treatment group was significantly increased (P<0.05), ACPase activity in goose serum powder high dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum IL-2 and IgG content of goose serum powder treatment group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum IFN-γ content of goose serum powder medium dose group and goose serum powder high dose group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The analysis of physical fitness of mice showed that with the increase of serum powder dose, the physical fitness of mice was restored in a dose-dependent manner, and swimming time and hypoxia tolerance level of mice in high dose serum powder group were not significantly different from those in blank control group (P>0.05). The study indicates that goose serum powder can effectively improve the immune function of immunosuppressed mice and contribute to the physical recovery of immunosuppressed mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aero Weaponry is the property of Aero Weaponry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives]The posture of meat goose is an important indicator for early warning of the meat goose’s abnormal behavior and evaluation of the meat goose’s health status. Since manual observation of the meat goose’s posture on traditional farms was time-consuming, laborious and highly subjective, a new method based on deep learning was proposed in this paper. The detection algorithm recognized the posture of meat goose automatically. [Methods]The YOLO v5 model was used to identify the four postures of Yangzhou goose (standing, resting, drinking and feather preening). Three attention modules including SENet, CBAM and ECA were added to the YOLO v5 model to improve the network structure and the recognition ability of the model. Light and dark experiments and dense scene experiments were designed to further verify the robustness of the model in complex scenes. [Results]The average detection accuracy (mAP) of the YOLO v5+ECA model was 88.93%,which was 2.27% higher than that of YOLO v5. In terms of recognition accuracy (AP), the standing posture was 91.85%,the resting posture was 93.42%,the drinking posture was 90.02%,and the feather preening posture was 80.42%. In the light and dark experiments and dense scene experiments, the performance of the YOLO v5+ECA model was stable, and the missing detection and false detection were relatively rare. [Conclusions]The posture of the meat goose can be detected rapidly and accurately in the farm complex scene with this model. The data can support the following research on the behavior monitoring and epidemic prevention of the meat goose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The vital behaviors of Magang geese are closely related to their growth and welfare status. Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately identify the key vital behaviors of Magang geese in husbandry and production. This study aims to efficiently and accurately monitor the key behaviors of Magang geese in pens. An improved algorithm was also proposed for the vital behavior of Magang geese using Double Head-YoloX (referred to as MGBM-DH-YoloX). The detection efficiency of the network was enhanced to reduce the number of YoloX heads. A tradeoff was made to balance the foreground and background using the Focal loss objective function. Efficient network training was achieved using migration training. Other techniques were utilized to identify the vital behavior and count their key behaviors once at a fixed time in an efficient and accurate way, including the identification and rule analysis of key behaviors, such as feeding, drinking, rest and stress of Magang Geese. Firstly, MGBM-DH-YoloX enhanced the data of the Magang geese images with Mosaic and Mixup. And then the enhanced dataset was used to train the DH-YoloX (Double Head - YoloX) for the detection of the vital behavior of the waterfowl. Finally, the vital behavior of the Magang geese was counted every 25 frames. The experiment was conducted in a flock-reared environment with the Magang geese as the subject of the case study. A behavioral target detection test was conducted during this time. Waterfowl videos were collected on multiple days from 26 December 2021 to 04 January 2022, and from 10-12 May 2022 at the Nanwei Building Experimental Farm, School of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. A platform was also built to acquire the data for the behavior detection of geese. The color images of Magang geese were facilitated to integrate the environmental factors in the vicinity of the breeding pen (the height of the pen, as well as the width and height of the equipment box). The bi-directional difference frame was adopted to extract the key frames, in order to quickly extract the required picture production dataset from the video data. A total of 1 600 picture data was extracted from the video data, and selected for a total of 2 000 picture data. A total of 1 600 images were randomly used for the training and validation sets, whereas, 400 images were for the test set in the 10 days of continuous activity video. The results showed that the MGBM-DH-YoloX algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 98.98% mAP, a processing frame rate of 81 frame/s, and a memory consumption of 2 520.04 MB for the detection of Magang geese’s behaviors. Meanwhile, it was found that the geese were foraged less frequently, as they grow older, after monitoring the 10-day breeding data. The vital foraging and drinking behaviors simultaneously accounted for 83.74% of the total foraging time per day, indicating the overall companionship trend. There was also a decrease from 90.78% to 74.57%, indicating the gradual separation from the feeding and drinking behavior of Magang Geese with the increase of age. On the contrary, the resting behavior of the experimental geese increased slowly with the increase of age, indicating a gradual adaptation to the caging. The stress behavior was highly random in this experiment. There was an extremely serious emergency caused by irregular feeding, such as the random walking of personnel. Consequently, the MGBM-DH-YoloX can be expected as the video monitoring to intelligently extract the vital behavior of Magang geese. The finding can provide technical support for the automated monitoring of poultry in intelligent breeding supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential targets and signal pathways of Xianghai wild goose blood against lung cancer are studied, and the possible mechanism of action of Xianghai wild goose blood against lung cancer is explored by molecular docking technology. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) is used to analyze the components of active substances in Xianghai wild goose blood. The target is screened by network pharmacology, the signal pathway is analyzed, and the“component-target-pathway network of blood active substances in Xianghai wild goose is constructed. CCK-8 cell viability assay is used to detect the effect of Xianghai wild goose blood extract on the viability of 4 kinds of human cancer cells. Molecular docking of the core target and the active components of Xianghai wild goose blood is analyzed；QPCR is used to detect the effect of blood extract from Xianghai wild goose on p-AKT1 mRNA expression in human lung cancer A549 cells. Pro, H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Met-OH, Thr-Thr-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Asp, and Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-Val are identified. 258 related targets and 46 core targets were obtained. GO enrichment analysis involves AKT1, IL1BS, SRC and other key targets. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment involves cancer signaling pathway, etc. The extracts of Xianghai wild goose blood could inhibit the cell viability of 4 kinds of human cancer cells, among which the inhibition effect on Human lung cancer A549 cell is the most obvious. Molecular docking results show that H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Met-OH has the highest binding energy with ATK1. qPCR results show that Xianghai wild goose blood extract could significantly reduce the mRNA level of p-AKT1 in human lung cancer A549 cells. The active substance of Xianghai wild goose blood induces apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells through multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a new idea and direction for the research and development of anti-lung cancer active substance of Xianghai wild goose blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stress can affect the physiological status and production performance of waterfowl through effect on genes and proteins of the neurohumoral regulation, gut microbiota and lipid oxidation, leading to economic losses. Common stress in waterfowl includes heat stress and cold stress. In production, the cold and heat stress of waterfowl can be alleviated by controlling ambient temperature and adding nutrients in diets. In the paper, ducks and geese are taken as representatives of waterfowl and the main influencing mechanisms and nutritional regulation measures of cold and heat stress in winter and summer water-saving poultry production are reviewed, to provide reference for waterfowl breeding and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To establish a rapid, accurate, and sensitive multiplex PCR detection method for the simultaneous identification of the six common edible meats (beef, lamp, chicken, pork, goose, duck), and to evaluate its application value in meat adulteration identification., Methods: Based on complete mitochondrial genomic sequences of six species in the GenBank database, DNA sequences (cattle： 16S rRNA ; sheep： COX-1 ; chickens： Cytb ; pig： COX-1 ; goose： NADH2 ; duck： 16S rRNA ) with intra-species conservation and inter-species specificity were screened, and species-specific primers were designed to construct a multiplex PCR detection system that can simultaneously detect the meat of six common species. The species specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the system were studied, and the simulated mixture sample detection was performed., Results: This study successfully constructed a multiplex PCR detection system that can detect the meats of six common species simultaneously. The system was not effective in DNA amplification of non-target species. When the DNA template sizes were 0.062 5-2 ng/μL, the amplified products of all six species could be detected. The duck component was still detected when the mixing ratio of duck and beef was as low as 0.5%., Conclusions: This study constructs and establishes a multiplex PCR detection system with strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It can accurately identify the components of animal origin in common edible meats and provide a simple and practical method for identifying adulteration of common edible meats and meat products in China.

In order to study the microstructure, crystalline state, composition and thermal performance of the down, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR) and method for testing the warmth retention of filled fabrics were used to compare and analyze the white duck down, Icelandic goose down and white goose down. The results showe that the branches and branchlets of white goose down are the longest, and the branchlets of Icelandic goose down are longer than those of white duck down under the same twig diameter. The white duck down has a more similar crystal cells with the Icelandic goose down. The chemical composition of the three types of down is basically the same. White goose down has the best thermal performance, followed by Icelandic goose down, and white duck down has the worst thermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a large country of forage resources, China is rich in common forage resources, but utilization rate needs to be further improved. Geese are special herbivorous poultry, compared with chickens and ducks, geese can better use coarse fibers in pasture, exert the nutritional value of forage, rationally use forage resources while improving feed conversion rate. The paper summarizes current utilization status, nutritional value and application progress of commonly used forage resources in geese, to provide a reference for rational application of forage resources in goose production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study concerning the administration of ceftiofur sodium powder injection and suspended injection in 20 Sichuan white geese. The study uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculates the pharmacokinetics parameters. The study shows a wide body distribution of ceftiofur sodium suspended injection.

The article reports on the expression of somatropic axis gene of the hypothalamus, pituitary and muscle of Wanxi white geese and Landaise geese. RNA was extracted from the tissue samples of the hypothalamus, pituitary and muscle of the geese to measure the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin like growth factor-1 receptor. Results were presented in the article.

Fourteen adult crossbred geese (Chuan white x Tai lake) fitted with chronic wing vein cannulas were used to evaluate the effect of cysteamine (CS) on the plasma contents of growth hormone (GH), so matostatin (SS) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The experiment consists of control and treated phase. The diet contained 45% barley and it was added CS at dosage of 100 mg/kg (body weight) on the first day of the treated phase. The blood samples were collected from the wing vein cannulas and analyzed by radioimmunoasssay. The results are: The plasma SS concentration was (1.87 ± 0.10) µg/L in control phase. Whereas on day 1,3,5,7 of treated phase, SS concentrations were decreased by 41.18% (P< 0.01), 26.74% (P<0.05), 37.43% (P<0.01) and 17.11% (P<0.05), respectively. Thereafter it was rose on the seventh day, it was still lower than that of control. GH content was (0.554 ± 0.15) µg/L in control phase and on day 1 to day 7 after treated, GH content was significantly increased by 34.55% (P< 0.01), 78.18% (P<0.01), 65.45% (P<0.01) and 54.55% (P<0.01), respectively. Compared with control phase (25.29±4.91) µg/L, IGF-I content was elevated by 7.28%, 59.07% (P<0. 01), 22. 41% (P< 0.05) and 1.38% on day 1,3,5,7. The results indicate that CS can decrease the plasma SS levels, whereas increase the levels of GH and IGF-I, so that CS can accelerate the growth and change metabolism in geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effects of α-enolase ( ENO1 ) gene interference expression on proliferation, and cell cycle of follicular granulosa cells from Zi geese. Methods: F1 follicular granulosa cells were primary cultured (mixed culture), which were divided into four groups: ENO1 interference expression group (RNAi), unrelated sequence group (NC), culture group (Control), transfection reagent group (Lip). The apoptosis rate and cell cycle phase of the interference group and the control group were detected by the flow cytometry. Results: ENO1 gene interference expression slowed the proliferation of granulosa cells, increased the apoptosis, and increased the proportion of granulosa cells in G2/M phase. Conclusion: ENO1 gene interference expression could cause G2/M phase arrest in primary cultured goose follicular granulosa cells, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation.

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of anserine, homocarnosine and carnosine in meat samples using ion chromatography (IC) with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD). The samples were separated on a high performance anion exchange AminoPac PA10 column (250 mm×2 mm) using 100 mmol/L NaOH as the eluent. The flow rate was kept at 0.2 mL/min and the column temperature was set at 30℃. The three target compounds were separated within 15 min, and there were no interferences from 17 tested amino acids in their determination. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, anserine, homocarnosine and carnosine showed good linearity in the range of 0.05-5 mg/L with correlation coefficients ( r ) greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 8.9-22.1 μg/L and 29.6-73.6 μg/L, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of duck breast and goose breast meat samples. The average spiked recoveries ranged from 92.4% to 104.5%. This simple and sensitive method can be applied to the determination of related nutrients in meat products.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and transmission of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrS gene among Escherichia coli isolates in a poultry farm and its environment., Methods: E. coli isolates from fecal samples in a poultry farm and its environment from February to June 2010 were screened for the prevalence and dynamic changes of qnrS gene. Susceptibility testing, conjugant experiments, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of qnrS-positive isolates were also performed., Results: A total of 379 isolates were randomly obtained from feces samples of chickens, ducks and geese in a poultry farm and its environment. The qnrS positive strains were detected in all sources of isolates and two alleles of qnrS were prevalent on this farm. The positive rate of qnrS gene in environmental strains was 29.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the avian strains (13.4%). Chicken can quickly acquire qnrS gene after they live on this farm. Transconjugants of the qnrS gene can elevate ciprofloxacin Minimun inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by 16 - 32 fold compared with the recipient. Various determinants for resistance to other antimicrobial agents were also transferred with the qnrS plasmid. The Xba I PFGE analysis of the qnrS positive strains showed that the dissemination of qnrS was not mainly due to the clonal dissemination of positive strains. However, qnrS-positive strains with indistinguishable PFGE patterns were found in ducks and environment., Conclusion: Both horizontal gene transfer and clonal spread could be responsible for the dissemination of the qnrS gene in the poultry farm and its environment, but it is mainly disseminated by horizontal transmission.

The strep avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) immunohistochemical methods were applied to investigate the localization and semi-quantitative distribution of IFN-γ, IL-1α, NGF-β and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in the cerebellar cortex of Western Anhui white goose at embryonic day 13, 19, 24, 28 (E13, E19, E24, E28) and postnatal day 7, 15 (P7, P15). The possible roles of IFN-γ,IL-1α,NGF-β and TNF-α in the development of cerebellar cortex were discussed. The results indicated that in the external granular layer, there were IFN-γ and TNF-α positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28, P7, IL-1α positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28 and NGF-β positive cells at E13, E19 , E24. The expression levels of these four cytokines all reached peaks at E19 of the six tested periods in this study. In the Purkinje cell layer, there were IFN-γ, IL-1α and TNF-α positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28, P7, P15 and NGF-β positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28, P7. In the internal granular layer, there were IFN-γ positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28, P7, P15, IL-1α and TNF-α positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28, P7 and NGF-β positive cells at E13, E19, E24, E28. These results showed that E19 might be the "critical stage"in the cerebellar cortex development of Western Anhui white goose. IFN-γ, IL-1α and TNF-α might be synthesized by cerebellar cortex itself, and NGF-β could be transported from regions which project to Purkinje cells. IFN-γ may interfer the transfer of granular cells, and NGF-β may have neurotrophic functions that are beneficial to the growth and development of Purkinje cells.

Goose down and duck down have very similar appearance but the quality of goose down is better than that of duck down in general. There is a highest allowable limit as specified by the various national standards of feather and down for the percentage of duck feather or down mixed in goose feather or down. Traditional detection method, manual inspection with a high-scale microscope, is labor intensive and not suitable for large-volume samples analysis and on-site rapid testing. In the present paper, visible/near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with successive projection algorithm (SPA) for characteristic wavelengths selection was used to determinate the content of duck down mixed in goose down. In the range of 450-930 nm, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model established with the 8 characteristic wavelengths selected by SPA achieved good prediction, the correlation coefficient of 0.983, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 5.44%, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.75%. Therefore, it is expected to be used for rapid detection of feather and down quality in future.

Three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains recovered from ND outbreaks in chickens and duck flocks in north china during 2009 to 2011 were completely sequenced and biologically characterized. All the strains were velogenic and had the velogenic motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 which was consistent with the results of biological tests. Analysis of the variable region (nucleotide 47 to 420) of the F gene indicated that the three isolates belonged to genotype VII d. Cross hemagglutination inhibition test indicated that the antigen homology between three isolates and LaSota were 82.5%-89.4%, the homology between the two isolates from chicken was 90%. A cross-protection experiment in which specific-pathogen-free chickens vaccinated with LaSota were challenged by SDLY01 isolate showed that LaSota vaccine could provide complete protection against SDLY01, however virus discharge could be detected on fifth day. Challenge experiment in which Cherry Valley duck of 30 day old challenged with SD03 strain indicated that cherry valley duck had no disease in experiment period, but virus discharge could be detected from Larynx and cloaca until fifth day. Genome length of three NDV isolates was 15192bp and belonged to genotype VII d. Sequence analysis clarified that the whole genomic sequence of these three isolates shared high homology with NDV virus strains isolated from goose and duck over the same period, which elucidated that NDV isolated from goose, duck or chicken had close genetics and epidemiological relationship.

Objective: Gangliosides on the cells surface can act as the Newcastle disease virus receptors, but the differences of receptor specificities between Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from different avian species have not been determined. Accordingly, we attempted to determine the difference of binding specificity to gangliosides between two Newcastle disease virus NA-1 (goose-origin) and F48E9 (chicken-origin)., Methods: Gangliosides were extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) and goose embryo fibroblast cells (GEF). The extracted gangliosides were characterized and quantified by high performance thin-layer chromatography. We performed virus overlay assays and hemadsorption inhibition assays to assess the binding specificity of NA-1 and F48E9 to different gangliosides., Results: The results showed that ganglioside compositions of the CEF and GEF were different. In the thin-layer chromatographic binding assay, we analyzed the binding of the virus to different gangliosides, detecting that NA-1 mainly bound to GD1a, F48E9 mainly bound to GM1, GD1a, GD1b., Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that two viruses used different receptors for entry into different target cells.