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Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of lower extremity arteriovenous graft (AVG) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Hemodialysis patients with lower extremity AVG from August 2015 to July 2023 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled. Therapeutic effects and complications of AVG were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 83 cases aged (58.9±13.3) years were enrolled, including 25 males and 58 females. The success rate of the operation was 100% (83/83), and no perioperative complications occurred. The follow-up time [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] was 38.4 (22.6, 55.3) months, with a follow-up rate of 92.8% (77/83). There were 9 cases (11.7%) of puncture site infection, 5 cases (6.5%) of pseudoaneurysm, 2 cases (2.6%) of seroma, 3 cases (3.9%) of lower limb ischemia, 48 cases (62.3%) of stenosis and 24 cases (31.2%) of thrombosis during the follow-up period. The 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year primary patency rates after surgery were 78.9%, 61.2%, 39.0%, 27.0% and 16.3%, respectively, assisted primary patency rates were 93.5%, 82.5%, 74.9%, 68.0% and 53.0%, respectively, and secondary patency rates were 96.1%, 94.7%, 93.1%, 91.3% and 75.3%, respectively. Conclusion: For patients whose vascular resources of upper limbs are exhausted, lower extremity AVG is a safe and effective hemodialysis vascular access.

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of tanshinone Ⅱ_(A )(TaⅡ_A) combined with endothelial progenitor cells-derived exosomes(EPCs-exos) in protecting the aortic vascular endothelial cells(AVECs) from oxidative damage via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) pathway. The AVECs induced by 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(POVPC) were randomly divided into model, TaⅡ_A, EPCs-exos, and TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos groups, and the normal cells were taken as the control group. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to examine the cell proliferation. The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) cytotoxicity assay kit, Matrigel assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and laser confocal microscopy were employed to examine the LDH release, tube-forming ability, cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level, and endothelial cell skeleton morphology, respectively. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, increased LDH release, elevated ROS level, obvious cytoskeletal disruption, increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the model group, TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone increased the cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, reduced LDH release, lowered the ROS level, repaired the damaged skeleton, decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos outperformed TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone in regulating the above indexes. The results demonstrated that TaⅡ_A and EPCs-exos exerted a protective effect on POVPC-induced AVECs by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the combination of the two had stronger therapeutic effect.

This study aims to explore the influence of Polygonati Rhizoma on the pyroptosis in the rat model of diabetic macroangiopathy via the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)/gasdermin D(GSDMD) pathway. The rat model of diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) combined with a high-fat, high-sugar diet. The blood glucose meter, fully automated biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were employed to measure blood glucose levels, lipid levels, vascular thickness, inflammatory cytokine levels, and expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins. The mechanism of pharmacological interventions against the injury in the context of diabetes was thus explored. The results demonstrated the successful establishment of the model of diabetes. Compared with the control group, the model group showed elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), lowered level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), thickened vascular intima, and elevated serum and aorta levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18(IL-18). Moreover, the model group showed increased NLRP3 inflammasomes and up-regulated levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD in aortic vascular cells. Polygonati Rhizoma intervention reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, inhibited vascular thickening, lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 in the serum and aorta, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome expression, and down-regulated the expression levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD, compared with the model group. In summary, Polygonati Rhizoma can slow down the progression of diabetic macroangiopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis and alleviating local vascular inflammation.

Mitophagy, as an important link in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and environmental homeostasis in the liver, can remove damaged mitochondria and provide energy through autophagy and other processes. Additionally, it plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer and can affect the therapeutic effect of liver cancer through a variety of signaling pathways. This article reviews the relationship between mitophagy and hepatitis B virus infection, liver cancer occurrence and development, liver cancer stem cells, mitochondrial division and fusion, therapeutic resistance and invasiveness of liver cancer, and other aspects.

The study aims to observe the effects and explore the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination in the treatment of the inflammatory response of mice with atherosclerosis(AS) via the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Male ApoE~(-/-) mice were randomly assigned into a model group, a Buyang Huanwu Decoction group, an Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination group, and an atorvastatin group, and male C57BL/6J mice of the same weeks old were used as the control group. Other groups except the control group were given high-fat diets for 12 weeks to establish the AS model, and drugs were administrated by gavage. Aortic intimal hyperplasia thickness, blood lipid level, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels, M1/M2 macrophage markers, and expression levels of proteins in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in the vessel wall were measured to evaluate the effects of drugs on AS lesions and inflammatory responses. The results showed that the AS model was successfully established with the ApoE~(-/-) mice fed with high-fat diets. Compared with the control group, the model group showed elevated plasma total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c) levels(P<0.05), thickened intima(P<0.01), and increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels(P<0.01). Moreover, the model group showed increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)(P<0.01), inhibited expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and cluster of differentiation 206(CD206)(P<0.01), and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB inhibitor alpha(IκBα), and NF-κB in the vessel wall(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination lowered the plasma TC and LDL-c levels(P<0.01), alleviated the intimal hyperplasia(P<0.01), and reduced the plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels(P<0.05). Moreover, the two interventions promoted the expression of eNOS and CD206(P<0.05), inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and iNOS(P<0.01), and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, IκBα, and NF-κB(P<0.05) in the vessel wall. This study indicated that Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination could delay the progression of AS, inhibit the polarization of vascular wall macrophages toward M1 type, and attenuate vascular inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the vascular wall. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were the main pharmacological substances in Buyang Huanwu Decoction for alleviating the AS vascular inflammatory response.

This study aims to explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides on the inflammatory response of apolipoprotein E~(-/-)(ApoE~(-/-)) mice and RAW264.7 cells through nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the in vivo experiment, ApoE~(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diets for 12 weeks to induce the animal model of atherosclerosis, and 75 μg·mL~(-1) oxidized low-density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) incubated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to establish the atherosclerosis cell model. Automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blot, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to determine the blood lipid levels, aortic intimal thickness, inflammatory factor content, NF-κB pathway-related proteins, and mRNA expression levels, and evaluate arterial atherosclerotic lesions and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of the drug. The model of atherosclerosis was successfully established in ApoE~(-/-) mice after 12 weeks of feeding with high-fat diets. In the model group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were increased(P<0.01), the intima of the blood vessels was thickened, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα) were significantly increased as compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside group decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, reduced the plaque area and thickness and the content of inflammatory factor TNF-α, and inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IκBα, with the effect same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction. In the in vivo experiment, 75 μg·mL~(-1) Ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to successfully establish a foam cell model. As compared with the control group, the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the middle-dose and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside groups decreased the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα. The above results show that the glycosides are the main effective substances of Buyang Huanwu Decoction against atherosclerosis, which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus playing the role against atherosclerotic inflammation same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction.

Globally, the number of patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is huge, with high morbidity and mortality. PTLD is defined as chronic respiratory abnormality that affects large and small airways (bronchiectasis and obstructive lung disease), lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and pleura and may be complicated, with or without symptoms, attributable at least in part to previous pulmonary tuberculosis. The aforementioned chronic respiratory abnormality may be complicated due to coinfection such as fungi and nontuberculosis mycobacteria . Risk factors for PTLD include multiple episodes of tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, delays in diagnosis, smoking, and possible diabetes. Empirical expert opinion advocates preventive anti-tuberculosis treatment for high-risk groups of tuberculosis, early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, surgical treatment for specific groups, pulmonary rehabilitation for patients after tuberculosis treatment, early identification and treatment of co-infection. It is effective to prevent the occurrence of PTLD, improve the treatment effect, and prevent the deterioration of the disease. As a high TB burden country, PTLD has been seriously neglected in China. Internationally, there is currently a lack of epidemiological survey data on post-TB pulmonary disease, and there are few studies on its clinical characteristics, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. With an emerging literature on PTLD, collaborative research is urgently needed to inform our understanding of the natural history, prevention, and treatment of PTLD, and to allow for the development of much needed evidence-based guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate clnical effect of minimally invasive osteotomy with absorbable screws in treating hallux valgus deformity., Methods: Clnical data of 31 patients with hallux valgus deformity were retrospective analyzed from January 2019 to December 2020, and divided into absorbable screws group (17 patients) and titanium cannulated screw group (14 patients). In absorbable screws group, there were 1 male and 16 females aged from 32 to 72 years old with an average of (54.53±12.12) years old;6 patients on the left side, 5 on bilateral and 6 on the right side;1 patient was mild, 11 moderate and 5 severe;treated with minimally invasive osteotomy and fixation of absorbable screws. In titanium cannulated screw group, there were 2 males and 12 females aged from 18 to 71 years old with an average of (47.57±15.68) years old;4 patients on the left side, 4 on bilateral and 6 on the right side;1 patient was mild, 9 moderate and 4severe;treated with minimally invasive osteotomy and fixation of titanium cannulated screw. Complications between two groups were observed, changes of hallux valgus angle (HVA)and intermetatarsal angle (IMA)were detected and compared before and after operation at 12 months, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) and visual analogue scale(VAS) before and after operation at 12 months were also compared., Results: All 31 patients were followed up from 13 to 20 months with an average of (16.61±2.47) months. Patients in absorbable screws group were followed up from 14 to 20 months with an average of (16.88±2.80) months, while patients in titanium cannulated screw group were followed up from 13 to 19 months with an average of (16.29±2.05) months;there was no difference between two groups( P >0.05). One patient in absorbable screws group occurred numbness around incision, 3 patients in titanium cannulated screw group occurred complications, including numbness around incision in 1 patient, skin irritation due to internal fixation in 1 patient, and recurrence in 1 case;there was no statistic difference between two groups ( χ 2 =1.651, P =0.199). There were no statistic difference in HVA and IMA between two groups before and after operation at 12 months( P >0.05). There were no statistic difference between two groups in AOFAS and VAS before and after operation at 12 months( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compare with mainstream fixation with titanium hollow screw after minmally invasive osteotomy, fixation with absorbable screw could achieve comparable clinical outcome on the basis of images and function evaluation.

Objective: Regulatory quantitative trait loci (regQTL) theory can help to evaluate the regulation function of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on crucial biological signals from a three-dimensional perspective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these regQTL-SNPs on the susceptibility of lung cancer. Methods: Based on the regQTL theory, using the database of identified lung cancer regQTL-SNPs, we screened the SNPs that may function as regQTL in the reported susceptible regions of lung cancer by genome-wide association study(GWAS), and a two-stage case-control study was conducted (screening stage: 2 331 lung cancer cases and 3 077 healthy controls; validation stage: 626 lung cancer cases and 667 healthy controls) to definite the association of related regQTL-SNPs with the susceptibility of lung cancer. Results: A total of 8 regQTL-SNPs were screened in the reported susceptible regions of lung cancer by GWAS. Among which, 3 SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer ( P <0.05) in the screening stage. Further validation results indicated that the variant T allele of rs6998591 in ADRA1A was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer (additive model: OR =1.33, 95% CI :1.01-1.74, P =0.040). In addition, the variant G allele of rs11202916 in ACTA2 was significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer (recessive model: OR =0.71, 95% CI :0.52-0.96, P =0.026). Stratified analysis indicated that the variant T allele of rs6998591 significantly increased lung squamous cell carcinoma risk (additive model: OR =1.53, 95% CI : 1.01-2.32, P =0.043), while the variant G allele of rs11202916 significantly decreased lung adenocarcinoma risk (additive model: OR =0.83, 95% CI : 0.69-0.98, P =0.031). Gene-environment interaction analysis indicated that the risk of developing lung cancer increased by 235% in smoking individuals carrying rs6998591 variant T allele compared with those non-smoking individuals carrying no rs6998591 variant T allele( OR =3.35,95% CI :2.10-5.34, P <0.001). Conclusion: There are two regQTL-SNPs that could significantly affect the susceptibility of lung cancer in the GWAS reported susceptible regions of lung cancer.

Objective: To explore the dynamic expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 at the maternal-fetal interface of mice post-infection with Toxoplasma gondii at early pregnancy and examine its interaction with interferon-γ (IFN-γ)., Methods: A total of 20 mice at day 0 of pregnancy were randomly assigned into 4 groups, including the 12-day pregnancy control group (12 dpn group), 12-day pregnancy and infection group (12 dpi group), 18-day pregnancy control group (18 dpn group) and 18-day pregnancy and infection group (18 dpi group), respectively. On the 6th day of the pregnancy, mice in the 12 dpi and 18 dpi groups were injected intraperitoneally with 150 tachyzoites of the T. gondii PRU strain, while mice in the 12 dpn and 18 dpn groups were injected with the same volume of PBS. All mice in the four groups were sacrificed on 12th and 18 th day of the pregnancy, and the number of placenta and fetus was counted and the weight of placenta and fetus was measured. Then, the placental and uterine tissues of the pregnant mice in each group were sampled for pathological examinations. The mRNA expression of PD-1 , PD-L1 , T. gondii surface antigen SAG-1 and IFN-γ genes was quantified using a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay, and the correlation between PD-1 and IFN-γ expression was examined. In addition, the 12 dpn group, 12 dpi group, 18 dpn group, 18 dpi group, PBS negative control of the 12 pdi group and PBS negative control of the 18 dpi group were assigned, and the PD-1 expression was determined in the uterine and placenta tissues of the pregnant mice., Results: Adverse pregnant outcomes were seen in mice in the 12 dpi and 18 dpi groups, including placental dysplasia and fetal maldevelopment, and the placental weights and fetal body weights were significantly lower in mice in the 12 dpi and 18 dpi groups than those in the 12 dpn and 18 dpn groups ( t = 5.52, 11.44, 12.63 and 11.67, all P < 0.01). The histopathological examinations showed that the decidua and junctional regions of the placental tissues were loosely connected in the 12 dpi and 18 dpi groups, and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration and congestion were seen in the placental and uterine tissues. qPCR assay detected significant differences in PD-1 , PD-L1 , IFN-γ and SAG-1 expression in the placental and uterine tissues among the 12 dpn, 12 dpi, 18 dpn and 18 dpi groups ( F = 22.48, 51.23, 9.61, 47.49, 16.08, 21.52, 28.66 and 238.90, all P < 0.05), and the PD-1 , PD - L1 , IFN - γ and SAG - 1 expression was all significantly higher in the placental and uterine tissues of mice in the 12 dpi group than in the 12 dpn group (all P values < 0.05). The PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was significantly lower in the placental tissues of mice in the 18 dpi group than in the 18 dpn group (all P values < 0.05), and the IFN-γ and SAG-1 expression was significantly higher in the placental and uterine tissues of mice in the 18 dpi group than in the 18 dpn group (all P values < 0.05), while the PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was significantly lower in the placental and uterine tissues of mice in the 18 dpi group than in the 12 dpi group (all P values < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed PD-1 expression in the inflammatory cells of the placental tissues of mice in the 12 dpi group, and no apparent PD-1 expression in the 18 dpi group, while strongly positive PD-1 expression was found in the uterine epithelium of mice in the 12 dpi group, and mildly strong expression was in the 18 dpi group. In addition, the IFN-γ mRNA expression was positively correlated with the PD-1 mRNA expression in placental ( r s = 0.99, P < 0.01) and uterine tissues of mice in the 12 dpi group ( r s = 0.97, P < 0.01) and in placental ( r s = 0.82, P < 0.01) and uterine tissues of mice in the 18 dpi group ( r s = 0.81, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Following T. gondii infection at early pregnancy, the PD-1 and PD-L1 expression shows a remarkable rise at middle pregnancy and a reduction at late pregnancy in placental and uterine tissues of mice, which appears the same tendency with IFN-γ expression during the same time period, and PD-1 expression positively correlates with IFN-γ expression. The dynamic expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on the maternal-fetal interface of mice may be mutually mediated by IFN-γ induced by T. gondii infection.

Objective: To investigate the expression and possible role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) at the maternal-fetal interface following Toxoplasma gondii infection during early pregnancy., Methods: Twenty pregnant C57BL/6 mice, each weighing 16 to 20 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups, including the 12-d control group, 12-d infection group, 18-d control group and 18-d infection group. Mice in the 12-d and 18-d infection groups were injected intraperitoneally with 150 tachyzoites of the T. gondii PRU strain on day 6 of pregnancy, while mice in the 12-d control and 18-d control groups were injected with the same volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Mice in the control and infection groups were sacrificed on days 12 and 18 of pregnancy, and the placental and uterine specimens of the pregnant mice in each group were sampled for pathological examinations. The mRNA expression of HIF-1α , HIF-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was quantified using quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR (qPCR) assay in the placental and uterine specimens, and the correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expression was examined. In addition, and the HIF-1α expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining in the placental and uterine specimens of pregnant mice., Results: Compared with the 12-d and 18-d control groups, adverse pregnant outcomes were observed in mice in 12-d and 18-d infection groups, such as teratism and placental dysplasia. HE staining showed swelling and blood stasis of cells, sinusoid reduction and inflammatory cell infiltration in the labyrinth area of the placenta specimens of mice in 12-d and 18-d infection groups relative to 12-d and 18-d control groups, and columnar epithelial cell injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the mouse uterine specimens in both infection groups. qPCR assay detected significantly higher HIF-1 α ( F = 132.6, P < 0.05) and HIF-1β mRNA expression ( F = 286.9, P < 0.05) in the placental specimens and lower HIF-1 α ( F = 111.5, P < 0.05) and HIF-1β mRNA expression ( F = 55.2, P < 0.05) in the uterine specimens in the 12-d infection group than in the 12-day control group, and significantly lower HIF-1 α and HIF-1 β mRNA expression was detected in the placental and uterine specimens in the 18-d infection group than in the 18-day control group ( F = 215.8, 418.9, 156.8 and 200.1; all P values < 0.05). Significantly lower VEGF-A ( F = 426.2, P < 0.05), VEGF-B ( F = 104.6, P < 0.05) and VEGF-C mRNA expression ( F = 566.9, P < 0.05) in the placental specimens and higher VEGF-A ( F = 426.2, P < 0.05), VEGF-B ( F = 104.6, P < 0.05) and VEGF-C mRNA expression ( F = 566.9, P < 0.05) in the uterine specimens were detected in the 12-d infection group than in the 12-d control group, and higher VEGF-A , VEGF-B and VEGF-C mRNA expression was found in the placental and uterine specimens in the 18-d infection group than in the 18-d control group ( F = 521.9, 100.6, 275.9, 224.6, 108.2 and 333.4; all P values < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed strongly and mildly positive HIF-1α expression in the mouse placental labyrinth area in the 12-d and 18-d infection groups relative to 12-d and 18-d control groups, while no HIF-1α expression was detected in mouse uterine specimens., Conclusions: HIF-1α expression appears a tendency towards a rise in the second trimester and a reduction in the third trimester in mice following T. gondii infection during early pregnancy, which is contrary to the changing tendency of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and VEGF-C expression. It is hypothesized that HIF-1α inhibits placental angiogenesis in mice during pregnancy through suppressing VEGF expression, resulting in adverse pregnant outcomes.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the intestinal barrier damage caused by Blastocystis hominis infections in rats., Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, of 6 rats in each group. Rats in each infection group were orally infected with B. hominis trophozoites at a density of 2 × 10 8 parasites per rat, and the control group was given an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline solution. The 7-hour urine samples were collected 1, 3, 6 and 9 weeks post-infection for the measurement of the intestinal permeability. Then, rats were sacrificed using the cervical dislocation method, and the cecum specimens were collected for the detection of the intestinal epithelial cell permeability. The expression of tight junction-related Occludin and Claudin - 1 genes and apoptosis-related Bcl - 2 and Bax genes was quantified in cecum epithelial cells using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected in the rat cecum using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay., Results: The median urinary lactolose to mannitol ratios were 0.29, 0.72, 0.44, 0.46 and 0.38 in the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 12.09, P < 0.05). B. hominis invasion and epithelial injury were observed in intestinal epithelial cells of rats infected with B. hominis , and transmission electron microscopy displayed the destruction of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells. The relative expression of Occludin , Claudin-1 , Bcl-2 and Bax genes was 1.04, 0.62, 0.71, 0.68 and 0.96; 1.03, 0.61, 0.63, 0.76 and 0.86; 1.08, 0.70, 0.75, 0.74 and 1.03; and 1.00, 1.57, 1.33, 1.35 and 1.10 in the control group and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and all differences were statistically significant ( F = 2.86, 2.85, 3.37 and 4.45, all P values < 0.05). The median number of positive staining cells were 1.00, 13.00, 9.00, 3.50 and 1.00 in rat cecum specimens in the control group, and the 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-week-infection groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( H = 22.95, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: B. hominis infection may cause an increase in the rat intestinal permeability through triggering the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells to destroy the tight junction between intestinal epithelial cells, thereby destroying the intestinal barrier function.

In order to investigate the response of soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and hydrothermal factors to the addition of biochar and straw, we used an LI-8100 soil carbon flux meter (LI-COR, Lincoln, USA) to study changes in soil respiration and microbial biomass under four treatments:conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization +2.25t·hm -2 biochar-C (T1), conventional fertilizer +2.25t·hm -2 straw-C (T2), and conventional fertilizer +2.25t·hm -2 (biochar-C+straw-C), biochar-C:straw-C=1:1 (T3). The results showed that:① the addition of biochar and straw significantly increased the soil respiration rate and total CO 2 emissions, with the largest increase in T3 and the smallest increase in T1. The effect of T1 on soil respiration was promoted in the early stage and later inhibited. ② The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the number of functional bacterial colonies increased significantly with biochar and straw amendments. T1 had a significant promotion effect on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while T2 had no significant effect on the number of fungi, and T3 showed a positive interaction effect. Soil respiration rates were significantly and positively related to soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as well as to the number of bacteria and actinomycetes. ③ The 5 cm soil temperature of T3 significantly increased by 4.53%. The soil respiration rate and soil temperature showed a significant exponential correlation. To sum up, adding straw and biochar with equal carbon content can significantly increase the soil respiration rate and microbial biomass, and the interaction effect between biochar and straw is positive. Compared with that of the straw treatments, the application of biochar can reduce carbon mineralization to a certain extent, and the effect of carbon sequestration is better.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Biomedical Database was searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) related to vitamin D supplementation in tuberculosis patients, and the retrieval time was from establishment to November 2019. Two evaluators independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The negative conversion rate of acid-fast-bacilli of sputum smear, the negative conversion rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and the change of serum vitamin D level were the main outcome indicators, and the body mass index was the secondary outcome indicator. The incidence of hypercalcemia and abnormal urinary calcium were used as adverse event indicators and the RevMan 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 8 RCT(S) met the inclusion criteria, including 850 patients with tuberculosis. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, negative conversion rate of acid-fast-bacilli of sputum smear and serum vitamin D level increased after 8 weeks of vitamin D supplementation [ RR (95 %CI ) and mean deviation ( MD ) (95 %CI ) were 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) and 8.81 (1.81, 15.81), respectively; negative conversion rate of acid-fast-bacilli of sputum smear was not increased at week 4 and 12 [ RR (95 %CI ) were 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) and 1.01 (0.91, 1.12), respectively]; negative conversion rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis culture in sputum was not increased after 4 and 8 weeks [ RR (95 %CI ) were 1.06 (0.91, 1.22) and 1.02 (0.96, 1.08), respectively]; there was no change in body mass index [ MD (95 %CI ):-0.02 (-0.53, 0.50)]; there was increased risk of abnormal urinary calcium [ RR (95 %CI ): 2.45 (1.75, 3.41)], while no increase in risk of hypercalcemia [RR (95 %CI ): 1.99 (0.96, 4.13)]. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is safe but not effective in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

In order to clearly define the features of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) in Chinese children, this article analyzes and summarizes the epidemiology, clinical features, and key points in the diagnosis and treatment of SDS in Chinese children with review of the clinical data of 27 children with SDS from related articles published previously. A comparative analysis was made between the Chinese and international data related to childhood SDS. The results showed a male/female ratio of about 2:1 in the Chinese children with SDS, with an age of onset of <1 month to 5 years (median 1 month) and an age of 3 months to 12 years (median 12 months) at the time of confirmed diagnosis. Reductions in peripheral blood cells due to myelopoiesis inhibition were observed in all 27 children with SDS, among whom 93% had neutropenia. Chronic diarrhea (85%), liver damage (78%), and short stature (83%) were the three main clinical features of SDS. Supplementation of pancreatin and component blood transfusion may temporarily alleviate the disease, while allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still an effective radical treatment. The comparative analysis of the Chinese and oversea data showed that compared with those in the European and American countries, the children with SDS in China had significantly higher incidence rates of chronic diarrhea, reductions in peripheral blood cells (three lineages), and liver damage, and there were also differences in the type of mutant genes.

To understand the response of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland of the Sanjiang Plain to changes in snow cover, we examined the greenhouse gases emission flux of the removed snow treatment (0 cm, RS), the added snow treatment (50 cm, AS) and the control (20 cm, CK) of a C. angustifolia wetland, and their relations with environmental factors with the method of the static chamber-gas chromatography. The results showed that soil temperature, soil water content, and carbon emissions were lowest during the snow-covering period under all treatments, and gradually increased with time. With the increases of time and snow thickness, soil temperature was rised and the difference of three treatments gradually was decreased. Soil water content of RS was always lower than that of CK and AS. AS and CK could promote soil CO 2 emission compared with RS during and after snowmelt. The soil cumulative CH 4 emissions differed little among the treatments. There was significant correlation between soil temperature and cumulative CO 2 and CH 4 emissions. With the increases of soil temperature, soil cumulative CO 2 emission continued to increase and soil cumulative CH 4 emission decreased firstly and then increased rapidly. Soil water content was significantly correlated with cumulative CO 2 and CH 4 emissions. As the soil moisture increased, the cumulative soil CO 2 emission gradually increased, reaching a certain threshold and then flattening, while soil cumulative CH 4 emission continuously increased.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RADA) on airway mucus hypersecretion and the tumor necrosis factor-α/ nuclear factor- κB (TNF-α/NF-κB) signaling pathway in Yin-deficiency asthma mice. Methods: KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, ambroxol group and RADA low, medium and high dose (2, 4 and 8 g/kg) group( n =12). Ovalbumin and the thyroid gland were used to replicate the model of Yin-deficiency asthma. Asthma symptoms in mice , immune globulin E (IgE) , TNF-α , and the expressions of Mucin 5ac (Muc5ac) and NF- κB in lung tissue were observed under the intervention of RADA. Results: RADA at the doses of 2,4 and 8 g/kg could alleviate the asthma symptoms of Yin-deficiency asthma mice significantly, reduce the levels of IgE in serum and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inhibite the overexpressions of Muc5ac and NF- κB in lung tissue. Conclusion: RADA has significant anti-asthmatic effect. One of its mechanisms is to inhibit TNF-α/NF- κB signaling pathway and to alleviate airway mucus hypersecretion.

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common trace element deficiency in childhood. Recent studies have shown that late fetus period, neonatal period, and infancy are important periods for brain development, and ID during these periods may cause irreversible damage to brain development, including abnormal emotion and behavior, cognitive decline, and attention deficit, which may still be present in adulthood. Therefore, it should be taken seriously. This article summarizes the research advances in major mechanisms involved in brain developmental disorder due to ID in the early stage of life and related intervention measures.

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic characteristics of hospitalized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Methods: From January, 2014 to December, 2015, the data of 58 565 blood measurements using a standard blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) were collected from 1187 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes during hospitalization in the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangzhou, China). Stratified analyses were conducted by dividing the patients into 3 age groups, namely <45 years group (128 cases), 45-64 years group (594 cases), and ≥65 years group (465 cases). The incidence and time distribution of hypoglycemia in these patients were compared among the 3 age groups., Results: The risk of hypoglycemia increased with age. Compared with those below 45 years of age, the patients beyond or equal to 65 years had a significantly increased hypoglycemic density (0.95% vs 0.40%, P<0.001), a higher proportion of patients with hypoglycemia (28.17% vs 10.94%, P<0.001), and greater patient-days with hypoglycemia (4.48% vs 1.76%, P<0.001). In the elderly patients, hypoglycemia occurred most frequently before dawn, at which time the hypoglycemic density was 2.66% in patients ≥65 years of age, significantly higher than that in patients below 45 years (1.09%, P<0.05) and between 45 and 64 years (1.90%, P<0.05); the proportion of patients with hypoglycemia was also significantly higher in the elderly patients (14.57%) than in those below 45 years (3.77%, P<0.02) and between 45 and 64 years (9.42%, P<0.02). The proportion of patients with recurrent hypoglycemia (≥2 times) was significantly higher in patients ≥65 years (13.33%) than in younger patients (2.34% in <45 years group and 9.43% in 45-64 years group, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The hypoglycemic risk in hospitalized elderly patients with T2DM is significantly higher than that in younger patients, especially before dawn and in terms of recurrent hypoglycemia. Clinicians should develop differential blood glucose monitoring and management strategies for these elderly patients to improve the clinical safety.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RASI) and hydrocortisone combination on the murine asthma model and the mechanism., Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, blood stasis model group, asthma model group, HSS group, RASI group and RASI+HSS group ( n =12). Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to replicate mice asthma model and hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS) to copy blood stasis model. Effects of RASI, HSS and their combination on hemorheology, anti-asthma (asthmatic behaviors, lung function, lung index and water content in lung tissue) were observed. and anti-asthma mechanisms The expression of relative cytokines, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively., Results: Eight g/kg RASI, 0.05 g/kg HSS and their combination could significantly relieve asthma behavioral indicators, improve lung function, reduce lung index and water content in lung tissue, decrease the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inhibit the high expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB in lung tissue. The improvement of lung function and the decrease in level of relative cytokines (TNF-α、IL-1βIL-6) were better in RASI+HSS group than those in RASI group and HSS group, and the inhibition of protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was also too. Combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone could decrease serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) content and blood viscosity, which were increased induced by hydrocortisone., Conclusions: Combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone have obvious anti-asthma effects and one of the mechanisms is to inhibit protein synthetization of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB.The combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone has stronger improvement of lung function than that of RASI and hydrocortisone alone, and it may be related to the inhibition of TLR4 and NF-κB synthetization. The combined administration of RASI can alleviate abnormal changes of hemorheology induced by hydrocortisone in treatment of asthma.

Objectives: To observe the preventive and therapeutic action of Yuyin Ruangan Granule (YRG, Traditional Chinese Medicine) in hepatic fibrosis rats model and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression., Methods: The Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 group ( n =10), and the model of hepatic fibrosis rats was established by subcutaneous injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), fed on high-fat diet and 20% ethanol for 6 weeks, to survey the effect and mechanism of YRG preventing hypatic fibrosis by detecting liver function (the activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), etc.) of liver fibrosis rats, liver fibrosis indicators (hyaluronic acid, Ⅲ procollagen, type IV collagen, laminin and hepatic pathology, etc.), and TGF-β1 expression in liver tissue after 6 weeks treated with YRG through intragastric administration (q. d.)., Results: At the 7 th week, fibrotic lesions appears distinctly in liver tissue of model group compared with control group ( P <0.01), YRG of 6.2~28.8 g/kg could significantly decrease hepatic index, ALT and AST activities, content of hyaluronic acid(HA), Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ), type Ⅳ collagen(C-Ⅳ), laminin (LN) in serum, relieve liver fibrosis pathological changes and inhibit TGF-β1 expression in fibrotic liver tissue ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusions: YRG has significantly preventive effects on liver fibrosis rats model, and it may be one of its mechanisms to inhibit expression of TGF-β1.

The increasing demand of Chinese materia medica could not be supplied by wild resource, and the cultivated medicinal materials become popular, which led to decreased quality of many medicinal materials due to the difference of the circumstance between the wild and the cultivated. How to improve quality becomes key points of Chinese medicine resource. The leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis were sprayed with H₂O₂, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) changed little, but there had been a marked decrease of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbic oxidase (APX), which showed that the antioxidase system declined. Meanwhile, H₂O₂, as enhanced the expression of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as well as activity of PAL, promoted the biosynthesis and biotransformation of flavonoids. At the day 2 after treated, H₂O₂ of 0.004 μmol·L⁻¹ the contents of the baicalin and the wogonoside decreased slightly, but the contents of the baicalein and the wogonin increased significantly, the baicalein from 0.094% to 0.324%, the wogonin from 0.060% to 0.110%, i. e. increased 246% and 83.3%, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the reference ranges of six sex hormones, i.e., luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone, for healthy children aged 0-18 years in Shenzhen, China., Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was performed to select 2 178 healthy children aged 0-18 years in the districts of Futian, Luohu, Nanshan, Bao'an, and Longgang in Shenzhen between September 2015 and September 2016. There were 1 219 boys and 959 girls, including 81 neonates, 335 infants, 346 young children, 469 preschool children, 419 school-aged children, and 528 adolescents. The American Beckman DXI800 chemiluminescence meter was used to measure the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone., Results: There were significant differences in the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone between different age groups (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the levels of these sex hormones between boys and girls in the same age group (P<0.05). The reference ranges of six sex hormones were established for healthy children aged 0-18 years in Shenzhen based on the levels of these hormones in different age groups., Conclusions: There are significant differences in sex hormones between different age groups or sex groups. The reference ranges of six sex hormones established for different sexes or ages have great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases in children.

Objective: To investigate the expression of microRNA-30a (miR-30a) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and related molecular mechanisms in regulating HCC cell proliferation. Methods: A total of 30 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissue samples were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of forkhead-box protein A1 (FOXA1). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HCC cells, luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the target relationship between miR-30a and FOXA1, and MTT assay and Western blot were used to measure the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the protein expression of FOXA1 after miR-30a transfection. The t-test was used for comparison of data between two groups, and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of data between multiple groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: HCC tissue had significantly lower relative expression of miR-30a than adjacent tissue (1.049 ± 0.380 vs 1.982 ± 1.013, t = 3.985, P < 0.001). At 72 hours after miR-30a overexpression, there was a significant difference in the proliferative capacity of HepG2 cells between the blank control group, the miR-30a-NC group, and the miR-30a group (0.821 ± 0.006 vs 0.816 ± 0.013 vs 0.546 ± 0.020, F = 3.396, P < 0.05), suggesting that miR-30a overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. FOXA1 was a target gene of miR-30a and its protein expression was negatively regulated by miR-30a, and there was a significant difference in luciferase activity between wild-type and mutant FOXA1-3'UTR vectors (1.221 ± 0.024 vs 2.658 ± 0.031, F = 6.737, P < 0.05). In HepG2 cells, miR-30a overexpression significantly inhibited the protein expression of FOXA1, and there was a significant difference in the relative expression of FOXA1 between the blank control group, the miR-30a-NC group, and the miR-30a group (1.019 ± 0.016 vs 1.022 ± 0.017 vs 0.227 ± 0.021, F = 45.43, P < 0.05). Upregulating the protein expression of FOXA1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-30a on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and there was a significant difference in the proliferative capacity of HepG2 cells between the miR-30a group and the miR-30a+FOXA1 group (0.524 ± 0.023 vs 0.843 ± 0.019, t = 2.507, P < 0.05). Conclusion: MiR-30a exerts its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HCC cells by negatively regulating the expression of FOXA1.

Objective: To investigate the neurocognitive function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and long-term disease-free survival and related influencing factors., Methods: A total of 40 ALL children with long-term disease-free survival were enrolled as study group, and 40 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC), continuous performance test (CPT), and Stroop test software were used for the evaluation of all children. Neurocognitive function was compared between groups and influencing factors were analyzed., Results: Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly lower full intelligence quotient, verbal intelligence quotient, and performance intelligence quotient in C-WICS (P<0.05) and significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses in CPT (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the numbers of correct answers, mistakes, and misses of word-color consistency between the study group and the control group (P>0.05), while the study group had significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses of word-color contradiction and irrelevance (P<0.05). The total dose of high-dose methotrexate and ALL risk classification were associated with the reduction in intelligence quotient, and children's younger age at diagnosis of ALL was associated with the higher numbers of misses and mistakes. Girls tended to have a significantly lower performance intelligence quotient than boys (P<0.05)., Conclusions: ALL children with long-term disease-free survival have neurocognitive impairment, which may be associated with the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs, age at diagnosis, and sex.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of atomization inhalation combined with oral administration of oseltamivir in treatment of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza. Methods: To analyze the clinical data of 4 patients hospitalized from Mar 6th 2017 to Apr 12th 2017 with avian influenza(H7N9) infection treated by conventional therapy(oseltamivir, 150 mg, po, Bid) plus with oseltamivir inhalation(75 mg dissolved in 20 ml N. S, Bid) and administered with antibacterial treatment, blood purification and immunomodulators. Results: Undergoing these comprehensive therapies, Bronchial lavage fluid and pharynx of 1 case was negative for H7N9 RNA after 24 h, 2 cases negative for H7N9 after 3 d and 1 case negative for H7N9 RNA after 4 d. All patients were cured and discharged without any complications. Conclusions: Aseltamivir inhalation combined with oral treatment can significantly shorten the time of virus nucleic acid turning negative, improve the efficacy of anti avian influenza virus H7N9, and increase the cure rate of avian influenza H7N9 infection patients.

Objective: Changes of small intestine villus microcirculation perfusion in sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging in the rabbits during endotoxic shock after fluid resuscitation with different target mean arterial pressure (MAP), and evaluation of feasibility of monitoring small intestine villus microcirculation by SDF were studied., Methods: Sixty standard New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: low target MAP group (group A, n = 30) and high target MAP group (group B, n = 30). Fistula operation of ileum was made in vitro, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg/kg) was injected to establish endotoxic shock model. Group A was administered with the lower dose fluid resuscitation (lactated Ringer solution, 20 mL×kg -1 ×h -1 ) for target MAP of 65 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); group B was administered with the higher dose fluid resuscitation (lactated Ringer solution, 30 mL×kg -1 ×h -1 ) for MAP of 80 mmHg. Continuous norepinephrine intravenous injection (0.5-1.0 μg×kg -1 ×min -1 ) was administered only after fluid therapy couldn't reach the target MAP. The changes of small intestine villus microcirculation perfusion indexes such as vessels per villus (VV), proportion of perfused villi (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI), borders of villus score (BVS), vessels villus score (VVS) were continuously observed and recorded before the shock, during the shock and after fluid resuscitation using SDF imaging. The differences of microcirculation perfusion were compared between two groups using the specific parameter evaluation system to determine severity of villi microcirculation and injury scores at different stages., Results: VV and borders of villus were clear and contact before shock in two groups. After shock, VV, PPV were significantly decreased in both two groups, the borders of villus were destroyed, MFI, BVS, VVS and the total score of villi injury microcirculation were obviously and severely decreased. Partial blood flow of villous capillaries after fluid resuscitation was recovered in two groups, but the perfusion of some region was un-balanced with the outworn borders of villus. VV were rose as compared before and after fluid resuscitation in groups A and B (vessels: 1.21±0.22 vs. 0.81±0.12, 1.54±0.28 vs. 0.79±0.13), and PPV [(31±4)% vs. (12±2)%, (38±5)% vs. (13±3)%], MFI (1.55±0.09 vs. 1.09±0.03, 1.97±0.11 vs. 1.05±0.03), VVS (points: 1.22±0.08 vs. 0.89±0.02, 2.06±0.15 vs. 0.90±0.02) and the sum of MFI, BVS, VVS (3.70±0.19 vs. 2.85±0.07, 5.01±0.29 vs. 2.88±0.08) were significant rose (all P < 0.05). The recovery of group B was better than that of group A, and the injury score was reduced. But BVS were not increased in both groups compared with before and after shock (points: 0.93±0.05 vs. 0.87±0.03, 0.98±0.09 vs. 0.93±0.05, both P > 0.05)., Conclusions: For the small intestine villus microcirculation perfusion, the higher target MAP (80 mmHg) after fluid resuscitation or/and vasoconstrictor drugs usage were probably better than the relatively lower target MAP (65 mmHg) during endotoxic shock. SDF imaging is a very promising technique for intestinal villi microcirculatory visualization and assessment.

The anaerobically digested effluent of the dispersed swine wastewater was treated by a three-stage bio-zeolite constructed wetland, and the performance of the wetland, the variation of pollutants concentration in effluent and ORP distribution in the bio-zeolite layer were studied. The results showed that COD, N and P in the digested effluent could be efficiently removed by the wetland, and the wetland also had resistance to ammonia impact load. When the hydraulic loading rate was 0.047 m 3 ·(m 2 ·d) -1 , COD, NH 4 + -N and TN (the average mass concentrations in inflow were 477.7, 155.3 and 176.4 mg·L -1 ) were mainly removed in the district 1 of the wetland, and the average removal rates were 80.6%, 55.3% and 58.1%, respectively. There was obvious enhancement of nitrification in the bio-zeolite, and the major nitrification product was nitrate. The mass concentrations of NO 3 - -N in the district 1, district 2 and district 3 of the wetland were 85.85, 91.06 and 82.41 mg·L -1 , respectively. The nitrate produced in bio-zeolite layer of the district 1 could be denitrified by microorganisms in the slag brick layer using the residual organic substances in water as the substrate. TP was mainly removed by adsorption in the slag brick layer, and the role of microbe assimilation was relatively small. The reaeration of the bio-zeolite layer in the three-stage wetland was good. Most of the ORP values remained over 400 mV in the bio-zeolite layer.

To explore the effects and mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction on TLR signal pathway in gastric mucosa tissues of rats with Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis, sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, high concentration of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group, moderate concentration of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group, low concentrations of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group and SB203580-treated group, with 10 rats in each group. SD rats of Hp-associated chronic atrophic gastritis models were established by intragastric gavage of Helicobacter pylori (HP) suspension. Changes in the gastric mucosa of rats were assessed by histopathology. ELISA was applied to detect the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum, and the activity of iNOS in gastric mucosa. The content of NO in the gastric mucosa was tested by nitrate reductive enzymatic. The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, P38MAPK, NF-κB were detected by QPCR and Western-blot. The results indicated that the clinical symptoms of rats and pathological changes of gastric mucosa were improved in Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group. Compared with normal control group, the protein expressions of TLR2, TLR4, p-P38MAPK and NF-κB in gastric mucosa of model group rats increased (P<0.01) with the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum, and the activity of iNOS and the content of NO in gastric mucosa increased. Compared with model group, the expressions decreased in Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group, especially in the high concentration of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction group(P<0.01), with gradually increased rate of HP eradication and decreased pathological grades of chronic atrophic gastritis. The serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased from (24.313±2.261) μg•L ⁻¹ to (15.195±1.235) μg•L-1(P<0.01) and from (77.416±8.095) μg•L ⁻¹ to (33.150±2.532) μg•L ⁻¹ (P<0.01), and the activity of iNOS and the content of NO in gastric mucosa decreased from (1.530±0.206) U•mg ⁻¹ to (0.802±0.091) U•mg ⁻¹ (P<0.01) and from (0.907±0.032) mmol•g ⁻¹ to (0.335±0.026) mmol•g ⁻¹ (P<0.01) after the treatment of high concentration of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction. All the effects increased with the increasing dosage of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction from 0.324 g•mg ⁻¹ to 1.296 g•mg ⁻¹. The protein expressions of NF-κB decreased in the gastric mucosa after treated with P38MAPK specific inhibitor-SB203580. In the rats model, HP infection results in chronic atrophic gastritis through the activation of TLR2, TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB/iNOS/NO signal pathway. Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction can eradicate H. pylori and alleviate chronic atrophic gastric mucosal inflammation. The treatment is effective and safe to cure HP-induced chronic atrophic gastritis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To prepare a novel folate-targeted magnetic nanocomposites loaded with tissue facor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) and cisplatin (CDDP) and to investigate its targeting ability and anti-tumor effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 cells in vitro., Methods: The copolymer folic acid-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine (FA-PEG-PEI) was synthesized through amidation reaction, and then FA-PEG-PEI/ magnetic nanoparticles-CDDP/TFPI-2 (MNP-CDDP/TFPI-2) nanocomposites was obtained by electrostatic adsorption between TFPI-2 plasmid and magnetic nanoparticles loaded with CDDP (MNP-CDDP) with vortex FA-PEG-PEI. (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR ) was used to determine if FA-PEG-PEI was synthesized. The particle size, zeta potential and morphology were detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The content of Fe and CDDP was measured by phenanthroline and o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) colourimetry. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the binding ability of FA-PEG-PEI/MNP-CDDP to TFPI-2 plasmid. Molecular targeted uptake of FA-PEG-PEI/ MNP-CDDP/TFPI-2 coupling with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in NPC cells were observed by Prussian-blue iron staining and fluorescence microscope. The levels of TFPI-2 protein expression after transfection were evaluated by Western blot. The effects of nanocomposites on HNE-1 cells proliferation and apoptosis were measured with Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) and flow cytometry., Results: Special peak value of FA, PEG and PEI were showed on (1)H NMR spectrogram. The mean size and zeta potential of FA-PEG-PEI/MNP-CDDP/TFPI-2 were 141.1 nm and 21.5 mV. The nanocomposites showed a good monodispersity and an insufficient size uniformity under TEM. The content of Fe and CDDP were 116.2 μg/ml and 92.88 μg/ml, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed TFPI-2 could be encapsulated completely and protected from digestion of DNA enzyme as the mass ratio of FA-PEG-PEI/ MNP-CDDP and TFPI-2 plasmid was equal or higher than 1∶1. More blue-stained magnetic granulars and green fluorescence were seen in folate receptor (FR)-positive HNE-1 cells than in FR-negative CNE-2 (P<0.05) under microscope and fluorescence microscope. The level of TFPI-2 protein expression in HNE-1cells increased significantly after transfection by FA-PEG-PEI/ MNP-CDDP/TFPI-2, compared with other control groups (FA-PEG-PEI/MNP-CDDP group and TFPI-2 group), all P<0.05. The nanocomposites inhibitory effect on HNE-1 including cell growth inhibition rate (64.00%) and apoptosis rate (49.61%) were significantly higher than that in FA-PEG-PEI/MNP group (8.19%, 9.26%), FA-PEG-PEI/TFPI-2 group (40.35%, 19.85%) and FA-PEG-PEI/MNP-CDDP group(56.15%, 36.46%)(P<0.05)., Conclusion: FA-PEG-PEI/MNP-CDDP/TFPI-2 nanocomposites was successfully synthesized using amidation and electrostatic adsorption technology and has a good molecular targeting and inhibitory effect on FR-positive HNE-1cells in vitro.

Many studies have shown that anti-aging treatment has value to prevention and treatment of some diseases. For the treatment of Parkinson' s disease, clinical and experimental researches have proved the potential value of anti-aging treatment, yet the mechanism remains unclear. For this reason, this work used the anti-aging prescriptions of Buyang Huanwu decoction in traditional Chinese medicines example to discover the anti-aging treatment mechanism on Parkinson's disease. The results showed that the mechanism of mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, free radicals and oxidative stress could contribute to the treatment of Parkinson' s disease. Buyang Huanwu decoction is more than as the carrier in this article, the discovered anti-aging treatment mechanism Parkinson's disease is not confined to Buyang Huanwu decoction, could also be used to understand the anti-aging treatment mechanism using other prescription. The main contribution of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of anti-aging treatment of Parkinson's disease, and provide a new strategy for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson's disease., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Herbicide wastewater is one of tne industrial wastewater, it has high salt content, poor biodegradability, biodegradable characteristics. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds are dominated in dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter of wastewater, BOD: COD = 0.045, C:N:P = 692:426:1. Applying static headspace, purg and trap, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction as pretreatment methods combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which qualitatively analyzed the organic components of the Atrazine, acetochlor herbicide production wastewater and researched the UV spectrum, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of the wastewater and its major pollutants. The study of GC/MS indicated that Wastewater contained chlorinated hydrocarbons, BTEX and triazines, amides herbicides etc. 38 kinds of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, atrazine and acetochlor herbicides accounted for 87. 99%. Affected monocyclic or heterocyclic substances, the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the wastewater in 210-230 and 250-270 nm in that the amino group lead to the UV absorption red shift 20 nm. Wastewater generated 5 fluorescence peak in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 200-280/300-400 nm, such as a(225/305 nm), b(265/365 nm), c(275/305 nm), d(285/390 nm), e(320/375 nm). Based on three-dimensional fluorescence results of the different functional groups of the characteristics organic, fluorescent area of unsaturated bond is in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 215-230/290-340 nm, the main contribution of the fluorescent substance in the region were olefins, benzene, heterocyclic in the wastewater; fluorescent area of Phenolic hydroxyl and carbonyl is in λ(ex)/λ(em) = 270/300 nm, the main contribution of the fluorescent substance in the region were phenols, ketones.

Micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification technology was applied in the reconstruction of ananaerobic hydrolysis acidification tank in a north petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. After put into operation, the monitoring results showed that the average removal rate of COD was 11.7% when influent COD was 490.3-673.2 mg x L(-1), hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 24 and the dissolved oxygen (DO) was 0.2-0.35 mg x L(-1). In addition, the BOD5/COD value was increased by 12.4%, the UV254 removal rate reached 11.2%, and the VFA concentration was increased by 23.0%. The relative molecular weight distribution (MWD) results showed that the small molecule organic matter (< 1 x 10(3)) percentage was increased from 59.5% to 82.1% and the high molecular organic matter ( > 100 x 10(3)) percentage was decreased from 31.8% to 14.0% after micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification. The aerobic biodegradation batch test showed that the degradation of petrochemical wastewater was significantly improved by the pretreatment of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification. The COD of influent can be degraded to 102.2 mg x L(-1) by 48h aerobic treatment while the micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification effluent COD can be degraded to 71.5 mg x L(-1) on the same condition. The effluent sulfate concentration of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification tank [(930.7 ± 60.1) mg x L(-1)] was higher than that of the influent [(854.3 ± 41.5) mg x L(-1)], indicating that sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was inhibited. The toxic and malodorous gases generation was reduced with the improvement of environment.

Objective: To explore the relationship between continuous cropping obstacle and autotoxicity of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus., Methods: Distilled water(CK), water extracts of rhizosphere soil(50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL) were applied to test their effect on early growth and physiological characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus., Results: The water extracts from rhizospher soil of cultivated Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus significantly increased seedling emergence rate, root length and vigor index of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling when at the concentration of 100 mg/mL or below, however,there was no significant effect at 200 mg/mL or higher. The water extracts from rhizosphere soil of cultivated Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus significantly reduced the SOD activity in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling at 400 mg/mL and POD activity at 200 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL,while significantly increased the MDA content., Conclusion: Water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus rhizosphere soil significantly affected Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner, generally, low concentrations increased the SOD and POD activity which improved seed germination and seedling growth, while high concentrations caused cell membrane damage of the seedling.

By using the method of philology, 65 Hui prescriptions for treating cough were been collected to compare Arabic and Chinese names of pennisetum, anemarrhenae, honey, pease, white mustard, perilla and towel gourd stem. The Countif function in Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to count frequency of drugs in the prescriptions and summarize eight common Hui medicine for treating cough, namely sugar, honey, almond, fritillaria, liquorice, orange peel, white mulberry root-bark and lily. According to the commonly used drugs, philological studies and theories of Hui medicines, pathology and therapy of Hui medicines for treating cough were preliminarily inferred. In this study, 35 practical prescriptions and 30 simple and convenient Halal dietary prescriptions were summarized from collected prescriptions according to relevant literatures. On the basis of the long-lasting unique dietary therapy culture developed for Hui people, the simple and practical dietary prescriptions were defined according indications, therapy, prescription name and composition, and eight types of drug-admixed foods were summarized to relieve pains and improve health awareness and quality of life. Meanwhile, this study could also enrich and perfect the prescriptions, provide new ideas for improving health of patients, and lay a certain realistic foundation for further study of Hui medicines.

Petrochemical wastewaters have toxic impacts on the microorganisms in biotreatment processes, which are prone to cause deterioration of effluent quality of the wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the inhibition effects of activated sludge's oxygen consumption were tested to evaluate the toxicity of production wastewaters in a petrochemical industrial park. The evaluation covered the wastewaters from not only different production units in the park, but also different production nodes in each unit. No direct correlation was observed between the toxicity effects and the organic contents, suggesting that the toxic properties of the effluents could not be predicted by the organic contents. In view of the variation of activated sludge sensitivity among different tests, the toxicity data were standardized according to the concentration-effect relationships of the standard toxic substance 3, 5-dichlorophenol on each day, in order to improve the comparability among the toxicity data. Furthermore, the Quality Emission Load (QEL) of corresponding standard toxic substance was calculated by multiplying the corresponding 3, 5-dichlorophenol concentration and the wastewater flow quantity, to indicate the toxicity emission contribution of each wastewater to the wastewater treatment plant. According to the rank list of the toxicity contribution of wastewater from different units and nodes, the sources of toxic wastewater in the petrochemical industrial park were clearly identified. This study provides effective guidance for source control of wastewater toxicity in the large industrial park.

Water samples were collected in Lake Taihu from June to October in 2013 in order to investigate the threshold of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). The concentrations of three microcystins isomers (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) were detected by means of solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The correlations between various MCs and eutrophication factors, for instance of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a, permanganate index etc were analyzed. The threshold of Chl-a was studied based on the relationships between MC-LR, MCs and Chl-a. The results showed that Lake Taihu was severely polluted by MCs and its spatial distribution could be described as follows: the concentration in Meiliang Bay was the highest, followed by Gonghu Bay and Western Lake, and Lake Center; the least polluted areas were in Lake Xuhu and Southern Lake. The concentration of MC-LR was the highest among the 3 MCs. The correlation analysis indicated that MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MCs had very positive correlation with permanganate index, TN, TP and Chl-a (P < 0.01). The threshold value of Chl-a was 12.26 mg x m(-3) according to the standard thresholds of MC-LR and MCs in drinking water. The threshold value of Chl-a in Lake Taihu was very close to the standard in the State of North Carolina, which demonstrated that the threshold value provided in this study was reasonable.

Objective: To examine the personality traits of Chinese adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempt (SA)., Methods: A cross-sectional survey on 2 131 middle school students in Dujiangyan city was conducted using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, Children's Version) and Self- harm Behaviors Questionnaire (SHQ). The sample was stratified selected, comprising 1 085 boys and 1 046 girls with an average age of (13. 92±1. 63) years. The study population was categorized into four groups according to their non-suicidal and suicidal behaviors measured by the SHQ: those without self-harm (NoSH), those with non suicidal self-injury exclusively (NSSI only), those only with suicide attempts (SA only) and those with both NSSI and SA (NSSI+ SA). A MANCOVA model was constructed, with age and gender treated as covariates. We compared the four subscales of EPQ (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Extraversion, Lie) between the four groups of study populations., Results: NSSI was reported by 23. 2% (n 494) of respondents, and 3. 2% (n= 68) reported having at least one SA. A total of 1 617 (75.88%) respondents were identified as NoSH; 446 (20. 93%) as NSSI only; 20 (0.94%) as SA only, and 48 (2.25%) as NSSI+SA. Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism were risk factors for self-harm behaviors. The NSSI+ SA group showed significantly higher psychoticism scores than respondents only with NSSI (P<0. 008 3,d=0. 59). The NSSI+SA group had a higher extraversion score than the NSSI group (P>0. 008 3,d=0. 38)., Conclusion: Personality traits are closely associated with self-harm behaviors. Prevention of self harm behaviors should consider personality characteristics of middle school students.

Objective: To explore the effect of structural family therapy (SFT), which refers to the application of the theory and technology of SFT for improving the internal family environment of pediatric patients through reorganization of the family roles, tasks, and boundaries, on the family structure and function in children with hematological tumors., Methods: Forty children with hematological tumors were randomly divided into SFT and control groups (n=20 each). The control group received conventional chemotherapy. The SFT group received SFT by a trained therapist in addition to conventional chemotherapy; the family of each patient received SFT four times (once every two weeks). Both groups were assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) on admission and one month after the end of SFT., Results: After treatment, the SFT group showed significant decreases in all factor scores of FAD (P<0.05); the SFT group had significantly lower scores of problem solving, communication, roles, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning than the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the SFT group had significantly increased FES-CV scores of cohesion, emotional expression, intellectual-cultural orientation, and active-recreational orientation and a significantly decreased score of conflict after treatment (P<0.05), and the SFT group was significantly superior to the control group in terms of these items (P<0.05)., Conclusions: SFT could promote beneficial family changes in children with hematological tumors by improving the family function and internal environment, which would increase the long-term chemotherapy compliance of these children and their parents.

Objective: To exploring the relationship between continuous cropping obstacle and autotoxicity of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, autotoxic effect of plant aqueous extract were determined., Methods: Distilled water (CK), aqueous extract of plant, including root, stem and leaf (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL respectively)were applied to testing their effect on early growth of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Specifically, seed germination rate, germination index, emergence rate, elongation of radical and embryo, and seedling vigor index were determined., Results: The aqueous extract of root, stem, and leaf at 25 mg/mL significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, and this inhibitory effect generally increased with the increase of the concentration of aqueous extracts. To the comprehensive allelopathic effect, the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus stem were more inhibitory than those from leaf and root. The germination index and seedling vigor index were more sensitive to extract than other determined parameters., Conclusion: Aqueous extracts from Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus plant gave inhibitory effects on Astragalus. membranaceus var. mongholicus germination and seedling growth, and this inhibitory effect generally increased with the increases of aqueous extract concentration at a certain ranges. In conclusion, there is an autotoxicity in continuous cropping of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus.

Objective: To screen and optimize the processing technology of Aconitum flavum., Methods: The acute-toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic experiments were used as indexes. Four processing methods, including decoction, streaming, baking and processing with Chebulae Fructus decoction, were compared to screen the optimum processing method for Aconitum flavum. The baking time was also optimized., Results: The optimal baked technology was that 1-2 mm decoction pieces was baked at 105 degrees C for 3 hours., Conclusion: The baking method is proved to be the optimal processing method of Aconitum flavum. It is shown that this method is simple and stable.

Objective: The study aimed to develop the assay of chrysosplenetin (CHR), a metabolic inhibitor of artemisinin by UPLC-MS/MS in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics parameters of CHR., Method: The plasma samples were precipitated by acetonitrile to remove the proteins. Separation was carried out on a Shim-pack XR-ODS C,18(2. 0 mm x 100 mm, 2. 2 micromp.m) column using a mobile phase containing methanol-0. 1% formic acid (87:13) using by diazepam as internal standard. Mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) operated in the positive ion mode was used for analysis. Total analysis time was 2 min., Result: The assay was linear in the range 5-5 000 microg L-1 (r =0. 999 3) with recoveries in the range from 69. 0% to 81.2% and satisfied inter-, intra- precision and accuracy. CHR after oral administration is not easy to absorb with double or multimodal peak phenomenon. The t1/2 of CHR after intravenous injection was very short and that of low, medium, and high dosage was (17. 01 +/- 8. 06) , (24. 62 +/- 4. 59), (28. 46+/- 4. 63) min, respectively., Conclusion: The developed method was special, rapid, and sensitive for determination of CHR pharmacokinetics. [Key words] UPLC-MS/MS; chrysosplenetin; pharmacokinetics; plasma; rat

Objective: To provide macroscopic and microscopic identification basis for Ligularia przewalskii., Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic identification of roots, stems and leaves of Ligularia przewalskii were carried out with the methods of paraffin section, leaves epidermal section and powder transdermal section., Results: The microscopic characteristics included: Open collateral vascular bundles in stem were not in the same size and arranged in two rings; Lots of fiber bundles scattered in the column parts; There were two vascular bundles in principal vein of leaf; Anticlinal wall of upper epidermis cells was thickened like moniliform, lower epidermis were like waves with irregular; The type of stoma was anomocytic; Calcium oxalate acicular crystal could be seen in the powder., Conclusion: These features can provide references for identification of Ligularia przewalskii.

Objective: To investigate and summarize the clinical features and comorbidities of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the understanding and diagnosis of AS., Methods: Inquiry of medical history, physical examination, behavioral observation, psychiatric examination, questionnaire survey, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used to summarize and analyse the clinical data of 95 children with AS, including chief complaint, symptoms, perinatal and familial conditions, family genetic history, and common comorbidities., Results: AS was more common in male children, with hyperactivity, inattention, and social withdrawal as frequent chief complaints. The main clinical manifestations included poor communication skills (95%), restricted interest (82%), repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior (77%), semantic comprehension deficit (74%), and indiscipline (68%). Verbal IQ was higher than performance IQ in most patients. The comorbidities of AS included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (39%), emotional disorder (18%), and schizophrenia (2%); emotional disorder was more common in patients aged 13-16 years, while ADHD was more common in patients aged 7-16 years. Among these patients, 61% had fathers with introverted personality, 43% had mothers with introverted personality, and 19% had a family history of mental illness., Conclusions: AS has specific clinical manifestations. It is essential to know more about the clinical features and comorbidities of AS, which is helpful for early identification and diagnosis of AS.

Current Hui prescriptions are mostly recorded in the Arabic language. Their fussy and inconsistent names (Arabic names) result in the restriction in the clinical application of Hui prescriptions. Having collected and screened out 101 Hui prescriptions for stroke, the author further studied some of their names in literatures, in order to facilitate clinical application of these prescriptions (i. e. unification of their Arabic and Chinese names, and textual research of identical drugs with different Arabic names). This lays a foundation for the clinical application of Hui prescriptions and the analysis on compatibility regulatory, and provides scientific basis for studies on new Hui medicines.

Objective: To investigate the occupational health of the workers simultaneously exposed to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene., Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 70 front-line workers simultaneously exposed to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene (exposure group) and 50 managers (control group) in a polyether manufacturer; in addition, air monitoring at workplace and occupational health examination were also performed. The obtained data were analyzed., Results: The female workers in exposure group and the spouses of male workers in exposure group had significantly higher spontaneous abortion rates than their counterparts in control group (P < 0.01). The exposure group had a significantly higher abnormal rate of blood urea nitrogen than the control group (P < 0.01). The workers with different polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean levels of DNA damage than the control group (P < 0.01); the workers with not less than 5 and less than 20 polyether-exposed working years and those with not less than 20 polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean micronucleus rates than the control group (P < 0.01); there were no significant differences in overall chromosome aberration rate and mean level of DNA damage between each two groups of workers with different polyether-exposed working years (P > 0.05); the workers with not less than 5 and less than 20 polyether-exposed working years and workers with not less than 20 polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean micronucleus rates than those with less than 5 polyether-exposed working years (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Simultaneous exposure to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene causes occupational hazards among the workers in polyether manufacturer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of doxycycline on the nucleolar organizing regions and a-smooth muscle actin expression in bovine corneal myofibroblasts in vitro and assess its contribution to ocular surface repair mechanisms., Methods: Cell culture and identification: bovine corneal fibroblasts were cultured after the stroma was incubated in 1.0 and 2.0 g/L type I collagenase in two stages.Isolated cells were plated at mantaryay culture flask in 10% of BSA RPMI-1640. Vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) organization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The cells staining positive for Vimentin and α-SMA indicated the presence of corneal myofibroblasts. Bovine corneal myofibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of doxycycline (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L) , a bland control group and the dexamethasone group (120 mg/L) were set up, each group had 30 cases. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR) staining and the immunohistochemistry for α-SMA were performed when the cells were treated for 24 hours and 48 hours. The AgNOR count (Ag-c), AgNOR area (Ag-a) and the expression of α-SMA in the bovine corneal myofibroblasts among each experiment group and control group were compared using one-way ANOVA, further pairwise comparisons using Independent-Samples t test., Results: Cell culture techniques were successfully used to establish a method for the isolation and culture of bovine corneal myofibroblasts. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the cells cultured were bovine corneal myofibroblasts. The Ag-c and Ag-a of bovine corneal myofibroblasts progressively decreased as the concentrations of doxycycline was increase. 24 h:bland control group Ag-c was 6.40 ± 0.6, 60 mg/L doxycycline group Ag-c was 2.23 ± 0.43;bland control group Ag-a was (34.80 ± 2.36) µm(2), 60 mg/L doxycycline hormone group Ag-a was (19.91 ± 2.15) µm(2). 48 h: bland control group Ag-c was 7.27 ± 0.6,60 mg/L doxycycline hormone group Ag-c was 2.80 ± 0.76, bland control group Ag-a was (36.27 ± 1.99) µm(2), 60 mg/L doxycycline group Ag-a was (13.75 ± 2.09) µm(2). The differences were statistically significant: in the same time intervention (FAg-c 24 h = 252.55, FAg-a 24 h = 202.16, P < 0.05, FAg-c 48 h = 169.38, FAg-a 48 h = 853.23, P < 0.05), in the same concentrations intervention (tAg-c = 6.98, tAg-a = 11.62, P < 0.05). And 60 mg/L of doxycycline had an obviously inhibitory action as 120 mg/L dexamethasone in the same treated hours (dexamethasone group Ag-a 24 h = 30.56 ± 3.66, dexamethasone group Ag-a 48 h = 28.35 ± 1.23 ),the differences were not statistically significant (tAg-a 24h = 1.182, P = 0.242,tAg-a 48 h = 0.21, P = 0.832). As the concentrations investigated, doxycycline can inhibit the expression of α-SMA in the bovine corneal myofibroblasts (189.90 ± 7.48, 140.20 ± 7.79, 113.20 ± 8.98, 98.00 ± 3.50, 85.50 ± 4.99), the difference was statistically significant (F = 761.79, P = 0.00). While dexamethasone had no significant role in the expression of α-SMA (bland control group was 225.10 ± 6.74, the dexamethasone group was 228.50 ± 7.12), and the statistically difference was not obvious (t = 1.096, P = 0.287)., Conclusions: As the concentrations of doxycycline was increased from 10 mg/L to 80 mg/L, the AgNOR count and AgNOR area of bovine corneal myofibroblasts can be significantly reduced in vitro. Compared with dexamethasone, doxycycline significantly suppressed the expression of α-SMA in bovine corneal myofibroblasts in a dose-dependent positive trend.

Objective: To study the chemical compositions of active site of Aconitum flavum and their pharmacological effects on anti-inflammatory andantalgic., Methods: Xylene-induced mice ear swollen and egg white-induce toe swollen test were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Aconitum flavum. Acetic acid-induce mice writhing and hot-plate test were used to assess the antalgic effect of Aconitum flavum. Silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 techniques were employed for isolation and purification the constituents of Aconitum flavum. The chemical compounds were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HMQC and COSY., Results: When compared with model group, there was significant difference in 30% alcohol active extract group (P < 0.05) in xylene-induce mice ear-swollen test. In the experiment of egg white-induce toe swollen test, 30% alcohol active extract group had great significant difference when compared with the model group (P < 0.01). In acetic acid writhing test, 30% alcohol active extract group had significant analgesic action when compared with model group. In hot plate test, when compared with model group, the analgesic effect of 30% alcohol active extract group (P < 0.05) at 30 and 45 minutes after administration was significanty increased. Fourteen compounds were isolated from the active extract,while seven compounds were identified as: sucrose (I), linarin (Ii), beta-sitosterol (III), beta-daucosterol (IV), beta-sitosterol-3, 5, 6-triol (VII), aconitine (V ) and hypaconitine (IV)., Conclusion: 30% alcohol active extract of Aconitum flavum has anti-inflammatory and antalgic effects. Compounds I, II, IV, VI and VII are isolated for the first time.