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This study took Chinese patent medicine for children included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition and the first supplement), Medicine Catalogue for National Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance(2022 edition), and National Essential Medicines List(2018 edition) as the research objects, so as to sort out the distribution situation, characteristics, and the problems of Chinese patent medicine for children(including child-specific medicines, common medicines for children and adults, and discretionary medicines for children). According to statistics and summary, Chinese patent medicine for children is mainly administered orally, and the dosage forms are mostly traditional dosage forms, such as tablets, granules, capsules, and oral liquids, with mostly bitter or sweet taste. Diseases are mainly classified into pulmonary diseases and spleen and stomach diseases, and varieties of medication without Children's medication safety information or "still unclear" account for a relatively large proportion of the medicines. There are relatively few varieties of Chinese patent medicines for children, poor compliance of child-specific medication, lack of refinement of Chinese patent medicines for children dosage, and lack of information about safe use of medication. It is recommended to update and improve the instruction manuals in a timely manner, develop new varieties of Chinese patent medicine for children, and actively carry out post-marketing evaluation and clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for children, so as to provide a reference for the supplement and improvement of the instructions, the comprehensive improvement, the formulation of the catalogue, and the research and development of new Chinese patent medicine for children and ensure the use of medicines for children.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials composed of metal centers or clusters assembled with organic ligands. These materials possess excellent properties, such as large surface areas, high porosities, uniform pore sizes, and diverse structures. Thus, MOFs have been widely applied in various fields, including catalysis, adsorption, sensing, sample pretreatment, and chromatographic separation. The applications of MOFs as stationary phases for chromatographic separation and analysis have attracted considerable attention from the research community in recent years. Compared with traditional chromatographic stationary phases, such as mesoporous silica, nanoparticles, and porous layers, MOFs possess flexible and tunable pore sizes and structures, thereby enabling precise control over their intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, the wide range of functional ligands and topologies of MOFs could potentially facilitate the separation and analysis of complex samples. These unique advantages render MOFs highly suitable for constructing novel chromatographic stationary phases.This article focuses primarily on the construction methods of MOFs as chromatographic stationary phases, and provides an overview of the latest research advancements in their applications in several chromatographic separation techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The existing methods for the preparation and construction of MOFs-based chromatographic stationary phases are classified and evaluated. The construction methods for MOFs as stationary phases for HPLC mainly include filling, precursor-doped polymerization, and post-modification. The construction methods for MOFs as stationary phases for GC predominantly include in situ growth, static coating, and dynamic coating. The stationary phases for CEC can be categorized into packed columns, monolithic columns, and open-tubular columns. Compared with monolithic and packed columns, open-tubular CEC (OT-CEC) offers numerous advantages, including a more flexible and convenient preparation method, enhanced compatibility with various separation media, and higher separation efficiency. Consequently, OT-CEC has emerged as an important method for investigating the preparation of stationary phases for CEC. Several methods such as physical adsorption, covalent attachment, and electrostatic interactions have been developed for the preparation and modification of MOFs-based CEC stationary phases, and extensive studies have been conducted to optimize the performance and applications of MOFs in OT-CEC. However, the existing methods for constructing MOFs-based chromatographic stationary phases present certain limitations. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate MOFs, optimization of their preparation methods, and examination of their performance in different separation modes have become the focus of intensive research.This review also summarizes the different analytical targets (e. g., chiral small molecules, biomacromolecules, and nonchiral molecules) and corresponding separation effects achieved using various MOFs-based chromatographic stationary phases. Finally, future studies focusing on the development of MOFs as chromatographic separation media are discussed. Overall, this review provides a valuable reference for the rational construction and practical applications of advanced MOFs-based chromatographic stationary phases.

Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography orbital trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Obitrap MS) method for screening 34 common drugs and metabolites in biological samples., Methods: The target analytes in urine and blood samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, concentrated by nitrogen blowing and redissolved. The hair samples were washed with water and acetone, dried and cut into bits of about 1 mm, and then crushed in a freezing grinder. The analytes were extracted with methanol, and after filtration, the filtrate was used for instrumental analysis. Hypersil Gold PFP (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3 µm) column was used for chromatographic separation. Methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution were used as mobile phase with gradient elution at a flow rate of 400 μL/min. Mass spectrometry was done by electrospray positive and negative ion alternation mode. The data were collected using Full MS and Full MS/dd-MS 2 mode. Xcalibur 4.0 software was used to control instruments and to collect data, and TraceFinder 3.3 was used for screening and identification., Results: The method's detection limits for 34 drugs and their metabolites in blood, urine and hair samples were 3.30-10700 ng/L, 4.43-5440 ng/L, 0.0350-4.21 μg/kg, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the spiked samples at the levels of 5.0, 10, and 20 μg/L were 3.50%-6.00% and 4.18%-9.90%, respectively. A total of 1125 biological samples of urine, blood and hair were collected and screened. The results showed that 96.7% of the drug users were taking a single drug, while 3.3% were mixed drug users. The main types of drug of abuse were methamphetamine (75.8%), heroin (18.5%), ketamine (2.4%) and other drugs (3.3%), and 87.9% of the positive samples were from male users. Compared with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, this method can be used to identify more types of drugs in one run and to conduct retrospective analysis., Conclusion: The method established in the study is simple and sensitive and is well suited for the screening of common drugs and metabolites in biological samples., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

In recent years, a new technique of elastic quantization imaging, the ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) is arising, which has advantages of real-time, non-invasion, rapid imaging and strong repeatability, and quantifying the elastic properties of soft tissues including thyroid gland, breast, prostate, muscle tendon, ligament, etc.. It has been gradually applied to clinical and experimental researches of acupuncture and has an extensive application prospect. The present paper briefly introduces the application of SWE in accurately locating the acupoint, Deqi from needled acupoints, acupuncture manipulations, and evaluation of efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of musculofascial diseases.

Objective: To observe effects of Tongluo Zhitong (, TLZT) gel preparation on p53, miR-502-5p, NF-κBp65 in synovial tissue of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to explore mechanism of TLZT gel preparation in treating KOA., Methods: Thirthy-six Wistar rats aged 8 weeks and weighed 200 to 220 g (meaned 208 g) were randomly divided into normal group, model group and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, 12 rats in each group. KOA model was established by modified Hulth method. After 4 weeks of modeling, TCM group treated with TLZT gel preparation for external use, 3 times daily for 2 weeks;normal group and model group were fed normally without intervention. After treatment, morphological changes of specimens in each group were observed, changes of miR-502-5p in synovial tissue were detected by qPCR, and contents of p53, NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 in synovial tissue were detected by qPCR and Western Blot respectively., Results: (1)Morphological observation of specimens showed that the articular cartilage in model group was hyaline and uneven, the synovial membranes were hypertrophic and proliferative with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating, the joint fluid was thicker in texture;the articular cartilage in TCM group was more transparent and smooth, synovial hyperplasia was mild with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the texture of articular fluid was clear and sparse. (2) Compared with normal group, content of miR-502-5p of synovial tissue in model and TCM group were increased, mRNA and expression of p53 decreased, expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 increased. (3)Compared with model group, content of miR-502-5p in synovial tissue of TCM group decreased ( P <0.05), mRNA and protein expression of p53 increased ( P <0.05), mRNA and protein expression of NF-κBp65, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13 decreased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Expression of p53, miR-502 -5p, NF -κBp65 in synovial tissue is closely related to synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory reaction, TLZT gel preparation may reduce proliferation and inflammatory reaction of KOA synovium by regulating the expression of p53, miR- 502-5p, NF-κBp65 in synovial tissues.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Isobar TTL dynamic internal fixation system on lumbar degenerative disease and to explore the postoperative fusion rate., Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with lumbar degenerative disease underwent Isobar TTL dynamic internal fixation system from April 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 39 males and 41 females, aged from 28 to 69 years old with an average of 46.4 years, 42 cases of single segment and 38 cases of double segments. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the modified Macnab criteria were used to evaluate the clinical effects. The intervertebral range of motion (ROM) and intervertebral height ratio (ISR) were measured by X-ray films. According to the standard established by SUK to evaluate the intervertebral fusion of dynamic fixed segment., Results: All the patients were followed up for 17 to 45 months with an average of 31.9 months, a total of 30 cases completed imaging review. VAS and ODI scores of 80 cases respectively were 9.15±1.55, 38.65±9.60 before operation, 0.55±1.18, 1.06±2.17 at 2 weeks after operation, 0.24±0.70, 0.16±0.48 at the final follow-up. The VAS and ODI scores at 2 weeks and the final follow-up were significantly lower than those preoperative( P <0.05). At the final follow-up, according to modified Macnab criteria to evaluate the clinical effect, 65 cases obtained excellent results, 14 good, 1 fair. In the 30 cases completed imaging review, the ROM of the dynamic fixed segment was decreased from (6.87±2.18)° preoperatively to (3.52±2.80)°, (3.14±2.60)° at 2 weeks after operation and at the final follow-up( P <0.05). The ROM of the adjacent segment was increased from (4.36±1.28)° preoperatively to (4.80±1.99)°, (6.54±4.83)° at 2 weeks after operation and at the final follow-up( P <0.05). The ISR of dynamic fixed segment and adjacent segment were increased from (36.73±6.36)%, (40.74±7.29)% preoperatively to (38.37±6.35)%, (41.59±7.77)% at 2 weeks postoperatively( P <0.05), and at the final follow-up were decreased to (36.58±9.53)%, (38.25±8.08)%, there was no significant difference between preoperative and the final follow-up( P >0.05). Among them, 20 cases got possible fusion and 10 cases got non-fusion, with the possible fusion rate of 66.7%., Conclusions: Isobar TTL dynamic internal fixation system has a good clinical effect in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Although the ROM of adjacent segments is increased, it can effectively prevent the degeneration of the adjacent segments in the short term. And the dynamic fixation segment tends to fusion., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To monitor the epidemic status of human soil-borne nematodiasis in Danyang City, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating control measures., Methods: The soil-borne nematode infections were tested using a modified Kato-Katz technique among residents aged more than 3 years living in Danyang City from 2012 to 2018, and the Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected using the transparent adhesive tape anal swab method among children at ages of 3 to 12 years., Results: A total of 13 540 residents were monitored for soil-borne nematode infections from 2012 to 2018, and the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections was 0.45%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura and Enterobius vermicularis infections was 0.32%, 0.12% and 0.01%, respectively, and a single parasite infection was predominant. There were significant differences in the prevalence of soil-borne nematode ( χ 2 = 42.610, P < 0.05), A. lumbricoides ( χ 2 = 26.276, P < 0.05) and T. trichura ( χ 2 = 20.692, P < 0.05). The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections was 0.45% in males and 0.47% in females, and lower prevalence was found in local residents than in floating population (0.28% vs. 0.66%; χ 2 = 10.561, P < 0.05). The highest infection was found in subjects at ages of 31 to 40 years (0.59%), followed by in subjects at ages of 41 to 50 years (0.56%), and the lowest infection was seen in children at ages of 3 to 5 years (0.27%). In addition, the prevalence of human soilborne nematode infections varied significantly in occupation ( χ 2 = 75.692, P < 0.05), with the highest infection seen in boatmen. Among the 5 078 children monitored, the prevalence of E. vermiculari s infection was 0.37%, and the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection varied significantly in year (χ 2 = 15.466, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The human soil-borne nematode infection is at a low level in Danyang City; however, the surveillance of soil-borne nematodiasis remains to be intensified in children living in rural areas and immigrant populations.

Objective: To explore expression of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathway in synovial tissue of rats with different degrees of knee osteoarthritis (KOA)., Methods: Forty-eight SPF male rats weighed (200±20) g were randomly divided into three groups, namely model group (32 rats), sham operation group (8 rats) and control group (8 rats). KOA model rats were established by Hulth method, and 8 rats were killed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks respectively after modeling, in order to establish KOA model rats with moderate, early, mild and severe degree. Sham operation group was only cut off capsule of knee joint and suture to exclude interference factor, control group was untreated. Behavior, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage degeneration of rats among each group were observed. Expression of NF-κB and signaling pathway and β-catenin in synovial tissue of rats were detected by real-time PCR., Results: KOA rat model was successfully established, and synovial hyperplasia was observed in KOA model at mild and early degree, and then gradually decreased; while cartilage degeneration in the early moderate and severe KOA model was significantly expressed, and gradually aggravated with time. The results of PCR showed that expression of β-catenin in 4-week group (8.57±0.46) and 8-week group (4.23±0.09) were higher than those in control group ( P <0.05); expression of TLR-2 in 2-week group (12.04±4.02) and 4-week group (8.54±2.13) were higher than those in control group( P <0.05), and TLR-4 in 2-week group(5.04±0.93), 4-week group (3.29±0.58) and 8-week group (1.63±0.12) were higher than those in control group; expression of NF-κB was significantly higher in 2-week group (10.15±2.04), 4-week group (15.97±4.17), 8-week group (7.69±1.48) and 12-week group (6.70±1.58) than that in control group ( P <0.05), and expression of IL-1β was significantly higher in 4-week group (2.79±0.25) and 8-week group (2.46±0.32) than that of control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: On the RNA expression level, both of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways are involved in synovial inflammation in KOA model rats, and they play a regulatory role in expression of IL-1β, degeneration of KOA., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) has the advantages of noninvasiveness and simple operation and is widely used in clinical trials and scientific research for assessing reactions of the autonomic nervous system. More and more studies on acupuncture also take HRV as an important index. In addition to the definition, origin, analytical methods, and significance of time domain and frequency domain parameters of HRV, we reviewed the situations of application of HRV to acupuncture research in recent years, analyzed the influence of acupuncture and sham acupuncture, different acupuncture methods, and different acupoints on HRV, and confirmed the role of HRV in reflecting the effect of acupuncture on the vagal and sympathetic systems. However, various interference factors for HRV measurement and diverse methods for data analysis may lead to great differences in the experimental results of HRV and the interpretation of parameters. Therefore, careful analysis is needed in future studies on acupuncture with HRV as an observation index.

Acupuncture therapy has a positive role in the prevention and treatment of some related diseases by regulating autonomic nervous function. But it has been found in experimental researches that the modulatory effects of acupuncture on autonomic nervous system are not always consistent with each other. Because in the animal studies on the mechanism of acupuncture intervention, the anesthetic agent has to be used and definitely affects the activities of the autonomic nervous system while playing its pharmacological effects. Hence, it is very significant to explore the rational application of anesthetic agents and minimize their unfavorable impacts on the research outcomes. In the present paper, we make a retrospective analysis on (1) the effect of acupuncture intervention on activities of the autonomic nerve in animal models of myocardial ischemia, gastrointestinal mobility, and urinary system; (2) the effect of anesthetics as isoflurane, urethane, pentobarbital sodium, ketamine, α-chloralose, propofolum, etc. on activities of the autonomic nerve system. In terms of different anesthetic modes and various depths of anesthesia by using isoflurane inhalation, mixed solution of urethane and chloralose, etc., some approaches for assessing the state of anesthesia in accordance with the pupillary reflex, righting reflex, footboard reflex, swallowing reflex, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration frequency, ventilation volume, oxygen saturation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, neuromuscular blo-ckade, etc. in combination with the indexes directly and indirectly reflecting functions of the sympathetic and vagus nerves are proposed to analyze the impact of different anesthetic states on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in various models of dysfunction of the autonomic nerve system. Under the circumstances, it is possible to provide a reference for rational use of anesthetic agents and dosages in the acupuncture research of autonomic nerve regulation.

Objective: To compare the correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound features, dysfunction and X-ray findings in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and to analyze the pathological mechanism of soft tissue inflammation in knee osteoarthritis., Methods: Cross-sectional method was performed in this research (Evidence level: III). The patients with knee osteoarthritis were collected according to the screening criteria from September 2016 to January 2017 in Orthopedic clinic in our hospital. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and X-ray images were obtained and measured, knee function was measured by Lysholm scale. Pearson coefficient, t test and Wilcoxon were applied to analyze the correlation between soft tissue inflammation, knee dysfunction and X-ray features., Results: Total 123 patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited in this research. Soft tissue inflammation around knee had a high incidence in patients with knee osteoarthritis (infrapatellar fat pad inflammation 81%), and the synovial membrane thickness, joint effusion depth and meniscus bulging were beyond the normal range. Correlation analysis showed that the about Lysholm score and joint effusion depth had negative correlations with "Squat" score( r =-0.21, P =0.02). and Medial meniscus bulging had negative correlations with "Sustain" score( r =-0.26, P <0.01) and Lysholm total score ( r =-0.19, P =0.04). Lateral meniscus bulging had a negative correlation with "Unstable" score ( r =-0.22, P =0.02). The X-ray features, and medial joint space narrow had negative correlations with joint effusion depth( r =-0.27, P <0.01) and synovial membrane thickness( r =-0.17, P =0.007), and had a positive correlation with medial meniscus bulging. Medial joint space narrow was significantly correlated with patellar ligament inflammation and fat pad inflammation( P <0.05). Lateral joint space narrow was significantly correlated with patellar ligament inflammation( P =0.02)., Conclusions: Soft tissue inflammation around the knee-a major pathological manifestation of knee osteoarthritis, has significant correlations with knee dysfunction and bony structure lesions, and affects the progression of knee osteoarthritis by damaging knee joint function and promoting the destruction of articular cartilage., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dentigerous cysts in children and adolescents with surgical windowing and orthodontic traction., Methods: A total of 19 cases were collected from the First People 's Hospital of Yongkang between 2014 to 2016. All cases were treated with surgical windowing and orthodontic traction. During the operation, fenestration was made to remove part of the cyst wall; full expose the tooth surface for adhesion, attach orthodontic traction attachments, reposition the mucosal flap and suture, and then start orthodontic treatment to guide teeth eruption for 1-2 months., Results: After treatment, the cysts were gradually decreased until disappeared. The teeth successfully reached the normal occlusal position; all erupted teeth have health periodontal tissues, normal pulp vitality, and good root morphology., Conclusions: Use of surgical windowing and orthodontic traction to treat dentigerous cysts in children and adolescents can achieve good clinical effect, which provides a new treatment method.

Objective: To investigate expression features and correlation of genes expression on MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in synovial membrane (SM) of progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA)., Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including blank group (N), false surgical group, model groups[2 weeks (2W), 4 weeks (4W), 8 weeks (8W) and 12 weeks (12W)], with 10 rats in each group. The models were established by using Hulth method. Control group was experienced no surgery, while false surgical group was only opened joint cavity and sutured. The SM samples was collected according to the time designed above. The relative expression quantity of MyD88, TLR4 and NF-κB was detected by Real-time PCR after the extraction of the total RNA and reverse transcription. The correlation analysis was obtained by SPSS., Results: There was no significant difference in each gene mRNA expression between false surgical and blank group( P > 0.05), while enhanced expression was found in the model groups( P <0.05). The correlation index among MyD88, TLR4 and NF-κB was 0.91 and 0.86 respectively, and had significant difference among them., Conclusions: Positively relative among MyD88, TLR4 and NF-κB played main role in TLR4/NF-κB signal passway, and could predicate the expression of other genes in the passway. It also could further provide the basis for clarify the pathologic mechanism of knee OA., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between living habit and cervical instability in adolescent patients with neck pain., Methods: Fifty-nine adolescent patients with neck pain(neck pain group) and seventeen healthy teenagers (control group) were recruited and divided into two groups, and clinical information, living habit were collected. In addition, all people were taken lateral, hyperextension and hyperflexion radiography to analyze relationship between living habit and cervical instability., Results: There was no obvious difference in age, height, weight and body mass index between two groups. The neck pain group using cellphone time per day is longer than control group, while control group had more exercise time than neck pain group( P <0.01). The incidence of instability in neck pain group was significantly higher than that in control group( P <0.01). In hyperflexion, angular displacement(AD) of neck pain group in vertebral body between C₃-C₄, C₄-C₅ and C₅-C₆ was significantly higher than that of control group. In neck pain group, AD of hyperflexion was higher than that of hyperextension on C₄-C₅( P <0.01), and AD of hyperextension is higher than that of hyperflexion on C₆-C₇( P <0.05). In neck pain group, AD of hyperextension on C₄-C₅ was positively correlated with time of using cellphone every day( r =0.275, P =0.035). And AD of hyperflexion was significantly positive correlated with time of using cellphone( r =0.577, P <0.001), but was negatively correlated with exercise time( r =-0.279, P =0.032). The AD of hyperflexion on C₅-C₆ was negatively correlated with exercise time every day( r =-0.292, P =0.025), AD of hyperextension was negatively correlated with time of using computer every day( r =-0.262, P =0.045)., Conclusions: Adolescent neck pain patients had more time to use cellphone than normal teens every day, and exercise time is less than healthy teenagers, and occurrence rate of cervical instability is higher on C₃-C₄, C₄-C₅, C₅-C₆ segment. The longer daily exercise time, the smaller C₄-C₅ and C₅-C₆ AD values; the longer cellphone usage every day, the greater C4-C5 AD values., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

It has been shown that ischemia preconditioning (IPC) can attenuate the myocardial injury induced by ischemic and reperfusion. But it was rarely used in clinic due to its inoperability. Previous studies indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment can mimic myocardial ischemia preconditioning (MIPC) to produce cardioprotective effect. The activated adenosine A 2 b receptor has been proven to be involved in mediating the cardioprotection of IPC. In the studies on acupuncture analgesia, it was reported that adenosine receptor was activated by acupuncture stimulation, and acupuncture pretreatment can affect the acti-vities of intracellular A 2 b receptor. Based on those mentioned above, it is highly likely that the A 2 b receptor may also participate in the cardioprotection produced by acupuncture pretreatment. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed relevant studies regarding 1) the cardioprotective effect of IPC and its limitations, 2) the similar cardioprotection produced by both acupuncture pre-treatment and IPC, 3) the mechanism underlying myocardial ischemic injury and intracellular calcium regulation, 4) the acti-vation of adenosine receptors and effects of acupuncture, 5) the relationship between adenosine receptors and intracellular calcium ion, and 6) the effect of acupuncture on adenosine receptors, so as to provide a novel assumption that A 2 b receptor may be a key factor in mediating the cardioprotection of acupuncture pretreatment. Our future research will systematically explore the me-chanism of acupuncture pretreatment in protecting ischemic myocardium from myocardial cell adenosine A 2 b receptor and intracellular calcium signal transduction related factors.

Tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum is an important medicinal and functional herb due to its rich content of flavonoids in the seeds. F.tataricum exhibited good functions for free radicals scavenging， anti-oxidation， anti-aging activities. Although much genetic knowledge of the synthesis， regulation， accumulation of rutin， the genetic basis of proanthocyanidins(PAs) in tartary buckwheat and their related gene expression changes under different lights(blue， red， far red， ultraviolet light) remain largely unexplored. In this study， we cloned one anthocyanidin reductase gene(ANR) and two leucocyanidin reductase gene(LAR) named FtANR，FtLAR1，FtLAR3 involved in formation of(+)-catechin and(-)-epicatechin precusor proanthocyanidin by digging out F. tataricum seed transcriptome data. The expression data showed that the opposite influence of red light on these gene transcript level compared to others lights. The expression levels of FtANR and FtLAR1 decreased and FtLAR3 appeared increment after exposed in the red light， while the expression levels of those genes appeared opposite result after exposed in the blue and far red light., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To observe the curative effect of musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided needle-knife on the degenerative meniscus disease, and to provide a new method in the treatment of degenerative meniscus disease., Methods: Seventy-seven patients with degenerative meniscus disease treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to September 2015 were selected, including 30 males and 47 females, aged from 44 to 66 years old, with an average of 57.5 years old. VAS scores, Lysholm scores and distance of meniscal protrusion were analyzed and compared before treatment, 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment. The curative effect was summarized at last., Results: The mean Lysholm scores were 51.63±15.26(before treatment), 77.13±11.82(2 weeks after treatment) and 87.56±8.65(1 month after treatment). The mean VAS scores were 7.080±1.574 (before treatment), 2.630±0.310(2 weeks after treatment) and 0.850±0.177(1 month after treatment). The mean of the distance of meniscal protrusion scores were 0.400±0.156 (before treatment), 0.298±0.140 (2 weeks after treatment) and 0.240±0.110 (1 month after treatment). VAS scores and Lysholm scores were improved significantly compared with preoperative results. The distance of meniscal protrusion showed an obvious improvement after treatment., Conclusions: The treatment of musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided needle-knife has advantages of high accuracy position and excellent effectiveness for degenerative meniscus disease. The treatment provides safety operation and significantly improves quality of life in patients without any complications., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Objective: To explore the type and distribution of thalassemia gene mutation in Longyan area of Fujian province in China, so as to provide a evidence for prenatal diagnosis and to reduce birth defects., Methods: The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hemoglobin electrophoresis were used for screened the mutation types of thalassemia. Genotyping of the screened positive sample was performed by gap single polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB)., Results: Out of 7823 cases of routine positive blood test, 2826 cases were positive (36.12%) by using hemoglobin electrophoresis; 1905 out of 2710 cases were diagnosed as Mediterranean anemia by genetic test, with 24.35% of carrying rate; 1225 cases were positive alpha thalassaemia and the carrying rate was 15.66%, their major genetic types were -- SEA /αα,-α 3.7 /αα,-α 3.7 /-- SEA and -α 4.2 /αα, with carrying rate of 12.91%, 1.28%, 0.51% and 0.74%, respectively; 632 cases were positive β thalassaemia, with carrying rate of 8.08%, the major genotypes were 654M/N,41-42M/N,17M/N,-28M/N and 27-28M/N and with carrying rate of 3.66%, 2.22%, 0.78%, 0.66% and 0.45%, respectively; 48 cases were diagnosed as both α- and β-thalassemia, with the carrying rate of 0.61%., Conclusion: The main gene mutation types of α- and β-thalassemia in Longyan area of Fujian Province in China were -- SEA /aa and 654 M/N. As thalassemia gene mutation prevalents in Fujian, the screening of thalassemia genotypes for childbearing age woman has great significance for raising population quality.

Objective: To search for an optimal strategy for the treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene by analyzing the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) as an adjuvant treatment on this disease., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 4 cases of penile and scrotal gangrene treated by VSD as an adjuvant treatment from January 2015 to June 2016. The 4 patients all underwent early extensive and radical debridement of gangrene of the scrotum and penis and received intravenous injection of two broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by VSD for wound drainage and irrigation., Results: Adequate wound drainage was achieved in all the 4 cases, the gangrene range rapidly localized and testicular necrosis avoided. The wound surface healed satisfactorily after cleansing and suturing. The patients were followed up for 3 months after discharged from the hospital and none experienced recurrence., Conclusions: VSD combined with early adequate debridement can effectively localize the gangrene range, significantly reduce the frequency of changing dressings and shorten the hospitalization time of the patient, and therefore is a very effective adjuvant treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogen-like mycotoxin widely distributed in maize, wheat, rice and other cereals with its derivants. It also presents in meat or dairy products or even in the aquatic ecosystem via rain, and thus can affect human health. ZEA affects the body function in various ways. On the one hand, it can disturb the synthesis of estrogen and its combination with the receptor, influence the reproductive ability via the estrogen signaling pathway, and cause the dysfunction of the reproductive systems. On the other hand, it can disturb the synthesis of DNA and proteins and result in lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity by inducing the apoptosis of germ cells. It is known that exposure to different doses of ZEA can affect the female reproductive system by increasing the apoptosis of germ cells and inducing germ cell prematurity, sexual precocity, endocrine disorder, reproductive cycle disorder, and so on. But studies of its influence on the male reproductive system are relatively rare, especially about its unique male-related action mechanisms. This review presents an overview of the studies on the mechanisms of ZEA affecting male fertility and the phenotype changes in the male reproductive system after exposure to ZEA, hoping to provide some new ideas for the protection of human fertility.

XRD spectroscopy is an important means of research material inside the crystalline structure of the material. In this study it was analyzed with X-ray sources in terms of manner of preparation of different materials carbon crystal structure of biological characteristics and charring mechanism. The results showed that: Biochar contain d101 and d002 crystal face diffraction peak of carbon graphite-like microcrystalline cellulose, but after charring precipitated salt with different materials, and have a big difference, such as ox dung, castor dregs and furfural dregs of CaCO3 carbon content than other organisms, but only ox dung and castor dregs containing CaMg (CO3)2. Corn stover charcoal preferentially decompose hemicelluloses and cellulose microcrystalline graphite with increasing temperature so with the degree of crystallinity which becomes more stable conversion of carbon compounds. Wherein the mineral salt as a pyrolysis carbonization temperature, gradually precipitated by metals oxides→Acetales→carbonate, and with increasing temperature the content of CaCO3 also increase. After different methods of carbonization, charring its mechanism is different from the first dry charring can promote the decomposition of hemicellulose, high temperature microwave treatment is highly volatile, mainly promoting substances multiple bond rupture decomposed substance carbonate precipitates relatively small. Comprehensive illustrated by X-ray diffraction study biochar may well feature the internal structure of the crystalline, can effectively reflect the cracking mechanism of carbonization process.

Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

To understand the fluxes of soil greenhouse gases from Alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau during non-growing season, a static chamber method was used to sample gases of soil CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O from alpine meadow on the plateau of Southern Qinghai province during snow cover period, and gas chromatography was used to analyze concentrations of these gases. The results showed that soil CO 2 flux was 1.33 g·(m 2 ·h) -1 , soil CH 4 flux was -0.19 mg·(m 2 ·h) -1 , and soil N 2 O flux was 0.21 mg·(m 2 ·h) -1 when the snow depth was 9-10 cm on March 3 and 4 during the prevalence period of snow cover; soil CO 2 flux was 4.70 g·(m 2 ·h) -1 ,and soil N 2 O flux was 0.24 mg·(m 2 ·h) -1 , and soil CH 4 flux was -1.23 mg·(m 2 ·h) -1 when the snow depth was 8-9 cm on April 30 during the end period of snow cover. And soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes were low or negative, soil CH 4 flux was negative and its absolute value was low when the snow depth was less than 4 cm during snow cover period. In addition, soil CO 2 or N 2 O flux was positively correlated with the snow depth, and soil CH 4 flux was negatively correlated with the snow depth ( P <0.05). Additionally, soil CO 2 or N 2 O flux was negatively correlated with CH 4 fluxes, and soil CO 2 was positively correlated with soil N 2 O flux. In addition, soil CO 2 flux was the highest during the growing season, followed by the end period of snow cover, and it was the lowest during the prevalence period of snow cover; soil N 2 O flux was high during the growing season, followed by the end period of snow cover, and it was the lowest during the prevalence period of snow cover; soil CH 4 flux was negative, and its absolute value was higher during the growing season than other seasons, and it was the lowest during the prevalence period of snow cover. The results suggested that the change in snow cover would influence the fluxes of soil greenhouse gases from alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

Objective: To analyze and compare the characteristics of musculoskeletal ultrasonography and X-ray of knee osteoarthritis, and to investigate the advantages of them., Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 cases (66 knees) were collected from February 2015 to May 2015. Among them, there were 48 females and 9 males with an average age of (58.9 +/- 9.8) years old (ranged, 41 to 78 years old). The main symptoms included unilateral or bilateral knee pain and locked joints explicit areas of tender points. The mean course of disease was (13.6 +/- 3.0) months. The results of musculoskeletal ultrasound and X-ray examinations were analyzed., Results: According to Kellgren-Lawrence classification of knee joint on the X-ray: the musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with I degree synovial hyperplasia in 9 cases, joint effusion in 20 cases, meniscal disease in 13 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 5 cases, and patellar lesion in 8 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 20 cases,joint effusion in 31 cases, meniscal disease in 22 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 16 cases and patellar lesion in 17 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 6 cases,joint effusion in 6 cases, meniscal disease in 7 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 7 cases and patellar lesion in 5 cases., Conclusion: The musculoskeletal ultrasound can detect the pathological changes of knee soft tissue sensitively, provide an accurate location of lesions,and find lesions early. The musculoskeletal ultrasound should be applicated in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To further study Fagopyrum tataricum genome and to screen the functional genes., Methods: The variety JINQIAO No. 2( Fagopyrum tataricum) native to Shanxi, was used for BAC library construction. The high molecular weight DNA( HMWDNA) was isolated from Fagopyrum tataricum leaves used the methods of Peterson. The HMW-DNA was cut by Hind Ⅲ and ligated to BAC vectors; the ligations were transformed into Escherichia coli DH10 B. Then 48 BAC clones were randomly selected and sequenced BAC end sequences., Results: The library consisted of 30 000 clones with an average insert size of about 123 kb and the empty clone ratio was less than 1%. The library represented an equivalent about 6. 9 fold size of Fagopyrum tataricum genome. Which obtained 89 BAC end sequences,among which 7 sequences( 8%) had alignment results when comparing with NCBI Gen Bank database. The blast hits contained some genes with known function,such as rpo Tm2,Trrap and MDR1 genes,etc. Those genes were associated with DNA binding, transmembrane transport and phosphotransferase activity function. And it was also found that the sequence of 40G19-F was probably repetitive sequences in Fagopyrum tataricum genome., Conclusion: The BAC library will be helpful for the gene cloning and whole genome sequencing of Fagopyrum tataricum.

"Wise men could recognize similarities, but the fool only recognizes differences" in Su-wen, which expounded clinical thinking methods of Chinese medicine (CM). "To recognize similarities and differences simultaneously" is of important clinical significance in understanding the laws of diseases. CM pays much attention to recognize similarities, while modern medicine emphasizes the differences observed. In order to develop integrative medicine (IM), similarities recognition and differences identification must be combined together to innovate new thinking methods of IM.

Purpose: To evaluate the methodology and reporting quality of Chinese systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine., Methods: Chinese literatures of systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine were searched in the CBM, VIP, WANFANG Database and CNKI from the establishment date to August 30, 2014. Two researchers screened and evaluated the data independently, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Methodology and reporting quality of included literatures were evaluated by AMSTAR and PRISMA scale., Results: Of the 204 literatures included in the analysis, the highest and lowest scores of methodology quality were 9 and 0, respectively. The average score was 4.95 ± 2.45. The main problems were insufficient in literature searching, absence of a list of included and excluded studies, lack of assessment for publication bias, etc. The highest and lowest scores of reporting quality were 21 and 4, and the average score of reporting quality was 14.07 ± 3.62. The main problems were incomplete report in abstract, data collection and analysis methods, bias control, conclusion, etc., Conclusions: The methodological qualities of Chinese systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine are generally low, and their reporting qualities are also needed to be improved.

Objective: To preliminarily research the formular about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome of adolescent neck pain., Methods: An observation table of adolescent neck pain syndromes was formulated,and 1 397 patients with adolescent neck pain were investigated to establish a database of adolescent neck pain. The Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were performed by statistical software., Results: Totally 60 TCM symptoms was clustered into 4 TCM syndromes by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The expert panel of TCM syndromes preliminarily formulate 4 TCM syndromes of adolescent neck pain by analyzing the result of Cluster Analysis and discussing their clinical experience., Conclusion: Adolescent neck pain is a category of Tendon Trauma's Bi-syndrome of TCM. Ying, Wei, Qi and blood block caused by exopathy, strains, and internal injury is considered as the main pathogenesis of adolescent neck pain. Base on statistical result and expert's opinions, 4 TCM syndromes about adolescent neck pain were formulated: cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat blockage syndrome, liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency of both heart and kidney syndrome.

Osteoarthritis (Osteoarthritis, OA) is a common clinical degenerative joint disease with increased incidence rate in recent years. Animal experiment is one of the important ways to explore pathogenesis and treatment of OA, while induced animal model is the most important part in animal experiment. Intra-articular injection of drugs is a classical method for establishing animal model of OA. Choose of animal should follows the principle of correlation, appropriateness and practicability, injections should perform in accordance with experimental purposes and subject, detections means and evaluation methods also should corresponding to experimental reality. The gold standard of OA animal model and intra-articular injections has not build, need further study.

To establish a MacELISA method for the detection of IgM antibodies against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), we prepared virus like particle (VLP) antigens of CHIKV using the whole structural protein C-E3-E2-6K-E1 encoding gene with a baculovirus expression system in Sf9 insect cells. The VLPs were purified and used to immunize Kunming mice. Then, polyclonal antibodies were purified from the samples of ascites with a protein G HiTrap SP column and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. A MacELISA method for the detection of IgM antibodies against CHIKV was assembled with goat anti-human IgM antibody, VLP antigens and an enzyme-labeled polyclonal antibody. The results were evaluated with a serum panel containing serum samples from laboratory-confirmed CHIK, HFRS patients, healthy donors, and commercially available CHIKV IgM as a quality control. It was shown that the MacELISA had a specificity of 99% (99/100), the coefficients of variation (CoV) within a plate were <10%, and the CoV of different ELISA plates in terms of the plate variation coefficient was <15%. A comparative analysis was performed to compare the current method against a commercial CHIKV IgM antibody detection kit for IIFA-IgM. The detection limit of MacELISA was significantly lower than that of the IIFA-IgM commercial kit (P< 0.0001). Here, we demonstrate that the VLP-based MacELISA is a promising tool for the early diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of CHIKV infection, with a high level of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of IgM antibodies against CHIKV.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of measures on the schistosomiasis control after the earth quake in Lushan County, so as to provide the experiences for post-disaster schistosomiasis control., Methods: The measures taken in schistosomiasis control after the earth quake were reviewed in Lushan County in 2013, and the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis was investigated and the results were analyzed., Results: The schistosomiasis control in floating population and the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails were enhanced, and no schistosome infections were found in both human and livestock. No infected snails and infested water were found., Conclusion: The measures of schistosomiasis control after the disaster are effective in Lushan County, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earth quake is achieved.

Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) is one of main components in many medicinal fungi. Ergone has been reported to possess the activities of diuresis, cytotoxicity, antitumor, immunosuppression, as well as treatment of chronic kidney disease. According to reported literatures, an overview of spectroscopy characteristics, content determination, pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetics, etc. for ergone is presented in this review. Furthermore, the present review can provide a certain reference value for the further study and development of ergone.

The present paper took the typical saline-alkali soil in Jilin province as study object, and determinated the soil clay mineral composition characteristics of soil in paddy field and dry land. Then XRD spectrum was used to analyze the evolutionary mechanism of clay mineral in the two kinds of soil. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of soil in paddy field were better than those in dry land, and paddy field would promote the weathering of mineral particles in saline-alkali soil and enhance the silt content. Paddy field soil showed a strong potassium-removal process, with a higher degree of clay mineral hydration and lower degree of illite crystallinity. Analysis of XRD spectrum showed that the clay mineral composition was similar in two kinds of soil, while the intensity and position of diffraction peak showed difference. The evolution process of clay mineral in dry land was S/I mixture-->vermiculite, while in paddy field it was S/I mixture-->vermiculite-->kaolinite. One kind of hydroxylated 'chlorite' mineral would appear in saline-alkali soil in long-term cultivated paddy field. Taking into account that the physical and chemical properties of soil in paddy field were better then those in dry land, we could know that paddy field could help much improve soil structure, cultivate high-fertility soil and improve saline-alkali soil. This paper used XRD spectrum to determine the characteristics of clay minerals comprehensively, and analyzed two'kinds of land use comparatively, and was a new perspective of soil minerals study.

This article aimed to study the antigenicity of nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) in six pathogenic phleboviruses and to provide theoretical evidence for the development of serological diagnostic reagents. NPs of six pathogenic phleboviruses were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system and rabbits were immunized with individual recombinant NPs. Cross-reactions among NPs and rabbit sera were determined by both indirect ELISA and Western blotting analyses, and the sera titer was determined by indirect ELISA. Furthermore, sera from SFTS patients were also detected by each recombinant NP as a coating antigen using indirect ELISA. The cross-reactions and the sera titer were subsequently determined. Both the concentration and purity of recombinant NPs of six pathogenic phleboviruses met the standards for immunization and detection. The results of indirect ELISA and Western blotting showed that each anti-phlebovirus NP rabbit immune serum had potential serological cross-reactivity with the other five virus NP antigens. Furthermore, the sera from SFTS patients also had cross-reactivity with the other five NP antigens to a certain extent. Our preliminary study evaluated the antigenicity and immune reactivity of six pathogenic phleboviruses NPs and laid the foundation for the development of diagnostic reagents.

Four ecological investigations were carried out on planktonic rotifers in Pearl River Delta in 2012. The community structure, including spatial and temporal patterns of species composition, dominant species, biomass and biodiversity, was investigated. The correlation between the community structure of rotifers and the environmental factors was discussed. Moreover, the aggregation structures of rotifers were analyzed. A total of 53 rotifer species were found. Dominant species changed markedly with season and space. Polyarthra trigla had higher dominance. In terms of seasonal changes, the density and biomass were higher in dry season than in wet season, while the biodiversity and evenness indices were vice versa. The biomass and biodiversity of rotifers showed highly significant differences among seasons. In terms of spatial distribution, the average density and the average biomass showed an increase from the southwest to the northeast. The highest density and biomass were recorded in Shiqiao. The biodiversity and evenness indices had an opposite spatial distribution, with the highest values being recorded in Qingqi. The rotifer density was significantly different among the investigated sites, while the biomass and biodiversity were not significantly different. Correlation analysis demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between rotifer density and biomass, as well as between biodiversity and evenness indices, and a highly negative correlation between biodiversity and biomass. The biodiversity and evenness indices both decreased markedly with the increase of biomass. Principal component analysis indicated that the rotifer density was closely correlated with environment factors, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxy- gen, chlorophyll a content, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, in different seasons. Aggregation analysis based on rotifer density revealed five aggregation structures in the investigated sites, indicating significant differences in water quality among the investigated sites.

To evaluate the adjuvant effect of recombinant enterovirus 71 (EV71) subunit vaccine formulated with chitosan, rabbits were orally immunized with recombinant VP1 (rVP1) or rVP1 mixed with chitosan adjuvant. Levels of virus-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in sera, mucosal wash buffer (intestine, nasal cavity, and lung), and feces were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 were determined using cytopathic effect-based neutralizing assay, and levels of cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) secreted from in vitro-cultured rabbit splenic lymphocytes under antigen stimulation were also determined by ELISA. Results showed that immunization with rVP1 alone could only induce low levels of serum IgG and mucosal IgA, while rVP1 combined with chitosan adjuvant were able to induce significantly higher levels of antibodies, rVP1 can only induce neutralizing antibodies when used in combination with chitosan. Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the group immunized with rVP1 plus chitosan were significantly higher than those in the group immunized with rVP1 only or those in the control groups. Our study lays the foundation for development of oral VP1 vaccine against EV71 infection.

This study aims to investigate whether the nucleoprotein (NP) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) can impact the cellular immunity of host cells. Gene segments that encode the NP and non-structural protein (NSs) of SFTSV were inserted into eukaryotic expression vector VR1012. Host proteins that interact with NP and affect immunity were identified with co-immunoprecipitation (IP), SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry (MS), and Western blot. Co-localization of NP and the identified host proteins was confirmed by confocal microscopy. A 60kD SSA/Ro, a protein related to immunity, interacted with NP, as found by IP and MS. Confocal microscopy showed that NP and SSA/Ro were co-localized in cytoplasm. These results indicated that SFTSV NP may specifically bind to 60kD SSA/Ro and cause a series of immune responses and clinical symptoms.

Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is an important means of seeing the characteristics of the structural properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to analyze the structural properties of biochar from different materials with different methods. The results showed that: the biochars have IR absorption peaks of hydroxyls group, aromatic group and containing organic group with the activated? charcoal, but in other absorption peaks, with a significant difference. The high temperature can make -OH, -CH3, -CH2-, -C=O to be associated or loss, and promotes the formation of aromatic groups during Carbonization of corn straw. At the different carbonization mode, the heating and microwave carbonization, has a carbonize mechanism of biochar, heating method may make -OH in alcohol and phenol to combinative with each other or loss, and to form benzene ring group and an aromatic group, Aromatic group in microwave method was so preventing to participate in the hot reaction, to form the more benzene substances. These results show that the Infrared spectrum can well analysis the structural characteristics of biochar, and showed that it comprises -OH, the aromatic group and other active groups.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of Bufonis Venenum on L7212 leukemia and the potential mechanism., Methods: L7212 leukemia model mice were randomly divided into four groups: model group, low and high dose Bufonis Venenum groups and chemotherapy group. Normal mice were treated as control group. Mice were injected intraperitoneally for 10 days continually. The body weight, survival time, peripheral blood leukocyte, hepatic and splenic indexes, bone marrow leukocyte and T lymphocyte were observed and determined., Results: Body weight of L7212 leukemia model group mice were decreased significantly. Compared with other groups, high dose Bufonis Venenum group's weight loss was the least. Bufonis Venenum groups survived longer than L7212 model group. Compared with model group, high dose Bufonis Venenum group's liver index was higher (P < 0.05). After inoculation for 1 day, leukocyte count as well as percentage of leukemic cells within five groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, after inoculation for 10 days, leukocyte count in Bufonis Venenum groups and the chemotherapy group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Percentage of leukemia cells in blood and bone marrow in high dose Bufonis Venenum group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, CD3+ and CD4+ in Bufonis Venenum groups and the chemotherapy group were increased, CD8+ was decreased, but had no significant difference (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Bufonis Venenum has therapeutic effects on the L7212 leukemia by inducing apoptosis and improving immune system.

Objective: To study soft tissue changes observed through musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with needle-knife, so as to provide MSUS basis for needle-knife in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis., Methods: Forty patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2011 to December 2012 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients were treated with needle-knife release method. The VAS scores and knee joint circumference were recorded before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment. The changes of knee joint hydrops articuli and joint synovial thickness were measured through MSUS., Results: The knee pain index was 6.850 +/- 1.417 before treatment and 2.790 +/- 1.299 after treatment;the index after treatment was lower than that of before treatment. The knee joint circumference was 407.320 +/- 45.151 mm before treatment and 391.240 +/- 41.129 mm after treatment; the knee joint circumference decreased after treatment. The amount of hydrops articuli observed by musculoskeletal ultrasound showed that 47 knees were cured, 19 knees improved and 2 knees failed. The synovial membrane thickness: 43 knees cured, 17 knees improved and 8 knees failed., Conclusion: The hydrops articuli and synovial thickness of knee joint of patients with knee osteoarthritis observed under the MSUS is consistent with the main symptoms and signs, which suggests that MSUS observation on soft tissue changes before and after needle knife in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with high reliability.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy during breast-conserving surgery instead of whole breast radiotherapy in early breast cancer patients., Methods: From July 2008 to December 2012, 36 early breast cancer patients underwent breast-conserving surgery plus interoperative radiotherapy on a Mobetron 1000 mobile electron accelerator. Postoperative recurrence and metastases, complications and cosmetic outcomes were recorded and analyzed., Results: During a median follow-up period of 27.9 months, 2 patients (5.56%) underwent mastectomy after local relapses. There was no occurrence of distant metastasis or mortality. Their average wound healing time was 17 days and 2 of them (5.56%) developed infection while another 2 (5.56%) had delayed wound healing. And 1 patient (2.78%) showed wound edema and neither necrosis nor hematoma was found. The evaluation of cosmetic outcome shows 32 patients (88.89%) were graded as excellent or good while another 4 (11.11%) fair or poor. None had radiotherapy-related acute hemotological toxicity and 2 patients (5.56%) developed skin pigmentation., Conclusion: Intraoperative radiotherapy during breast-conserving surgery instead of whole breast radiotherapy in early breast cancer patients is both safe and reliable with better cosmetic outcomes.

Objective: To study the subcellular localization of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in macrophages and understand the replication and assembly mechanism of SFTSV in host cells., Methods: Using two types of human macrophage cell lines THP-1 and U937, the study analyzed the intracellular colocalization of SFTSV with Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum by immunefluorescence staining and confocal microscopy., Results: SFTSV infected macrophage cell lines THP-1 and U937. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the SFTSV nuclear protein colocalized with Golgi apparatus and closely surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum in the perinuclear region., Conclusion: The results suggested that Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are probably the sites for formation and maturation of SFTSV viral particles.

Objective: To develop an assay for titration of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) based on double antibody sandwich ELISA., Methods: A double antibody sandwich ELISA was developed for detection of SFTSV based on SFTSV nucleocapsid (N) protein specific poly- and monoclonal antibodies, procedures were optimized and evaluated. This ELISA based titration assay was compared with fluorescence assasy and plaque assay based titration method., Results: The results suggested that the titers obtained by ELISA based method are consistent with those obtained by IFA based method (R = 0.999) and the plaque assay titration method (R = 0.949)., Conclusion: The novel ELISA based titration method with high sensitivity and specificity is easy to manage and perform, and can overcome the subjectivity associated with result determination of the fluorescence assay and plaque assay based methods. The novel ELISA based titration method can also be applied to high throughput detection.

Objective: To observe X-ray features of before and after treatment of cervical imbalance syndrome with osteopathy and traction intervention in youth patients, then to investigate the clinical effect of the treatment of the cervical imbalances syndrome in youth by osteopathy., Methods: From September 2007 to December 2010, one hundred and eighty-seven students of 19 to 22 years (means 21 years) with neck pain as the main symptom in Beijing university of Chinese medicine were selected and divide them into osteopathy group and traction groups randomly. In osteopathy group, there were 94 patients including 40 males and 54 females; in traction group, there were 93 patients including 42 males and 51 females. The treatment of osteopathy group lasted for 3 weeks,three times per week; traction group by traction treatment three weeks,three times a week, too. X-ray before treatment and 3 weeks after treatment were collected., Results: The osteopathy group:94 cases, before treatment, abnormal curvature in 57 cases, spinous position change in 45 cases and angular displacement in 44 cases, vertebral sliding in 15 cases, Ruth Jackson line intersect proneness change in 70 cases,stretch change in 47 cases; after treatment, abnormal curvature in 35 cases, spinous position change in 24 cases and angular displacement in 18 cases, vertebral sliding in 3 cases, Ruth Jackson line intersect proneness change in 41 cases, extension change in 33 cases; X-Ray measurement results: cervical curvature improved from (7.070 +/- 4.629) degrees before treatment to (7.660 +/- 4.156) degrees after treatment, angular displacement improved from (13.790 +/- 2.590) degrees before treatment to (11.050 +/- 2.560) degrees after treatment; vertebral sliding improved from (3.770 +/- 0.350) mm before treatment to (3.160 +/- 0.485) mm after treatment. The change of angular displacement and vertebral sliding were so significant before and after treatment in this group, there were statistical defferences between before and after the treatment (P < 0.01) in osteopathy group. The traction group: 93 cases, before treatment,abnormal curvature in 60 cases, spinous position change in 39 cases and angular displacement in 39 cases, vertebral sliding in 15 cases, Ruth Jackson line intersect proneness change in 70 cases, stretch in 47 cases; after treatment,abnormal curvature in 50 cases, spinous position change in 29 cases and angular displacement in 17 cases; vertebral sliding in 3 cases, Ruth Jackson line intersect proneness change in 41 cases, stretch in 33 cases; X-Ray measurement results: cervical curvature improved from (5.590 +/- 4.639) degrees before treatment to (5.990 +/- 4.330) degrees after treatment, angular displacement improved from (13.360 +/- 2.064) degrees before treatment to (11.210 +/- 1.872) degrees after treatment; vertebral sliding improved from (3.790 +/- 0.339) mm before treatment to (3.480 +/- 0.332) mm after treatment. The change of angular displacement and vertebral sliding were also so significant in traction group before and after treatment, there were statistical defferences between before and after the treatment (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: (1) Pathological changes can be called youth cervical imbalance syndrome. (2) Stress points, angular displacement, cervical vertebral slip, curvature straightened, spinous position change are main X-ray performances. (3) Both osteopathy and traction intervention on are efficient in youth neck pain. (4) Youths cervical vertebra imbalance is early but reversible performance.

Objective: To investigate the influence of high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) on the aggregation and adhesion of platelet and leukocyte in rats and the interventional effect of pentoxifylline (PTX)., Methods: One hundred and eighty SD rats were divided into control, electrical burn (EB), and pentoxifylline treatment (PT) groups according to the random number table, with 60 rats in each group. (1) Ten rats were taken from each group at 15 minutes before injury for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI), and the number of leukocyte adherent to mesenteric venule with Bradford Variable Projection Microscope (BVPM). Serum was collected from heart blood to determine the contents of platelet activating factor (PAF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostacyclin (PGI2), P-selectin, E-selectin and L-selectin by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 was calculated therefrom. (2) Model of HEB was reproduced in the remaining 50 rats of EB group and that of PT group with voltage regulator and experimental transformer (the electrical current applied to the left forelimb and exited from the right hind limb). The remaining 50 rats of control group were sham injured with the same devices without electric current. Within 2 minutes post injury (PIM), rats in control group and EB group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL isotonic saline, while rats in PT group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL pentoxifylline (50 mg/mL). At PIM 5 and 1, 2, 4, 8 hour(s) post injury (PIH), 10 rats of every group were randomly chosen at each time point for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin and the number of leukocytes adherent to mesenteric venule through the same method as used above, and the levels of the related factors of aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes were determined, and then the relative ratio was calculated. Data were processed with the analysis of variance of factorial design and LSD test., Results: The contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group were higher, while the microcirculatory perfusion value was lower than those of control group, with F values from 854.20 to 8156.52, P values all below 0.01. The microcirculatory perfusion value and PGI2 content of PT group were higher, while the contents or number of other indexes were lower than those of EB group, with F values from 33.18 to 1033.99, P values all below 0.01. Only the data within EB group and PT group were comparable. The contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group and PT group at each time point were significantly higher than those at 15 minutes before injury, while the microcirculation perfusion value was significantly lower than that at 15 minutes before injury (P values all below 0.001), with the exception of the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in PT group and E-selectin in EB group and PT group at PIM 5. The contents of PAF, TXB2, and E-selectin and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in EB group peaked at PIH 4, and they were respectively (9.3 ± 0.9) ng/mL, (14.31 ± 0.65) nmol/mL, (271.2 ± 18.4) ng/mL and 4.62 ± 0.26. The contents of PGI2 and P-selectin, and the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group peaked at PIH 8, and they were respectively (3.98 ± 0.24) nmol/mL, (514 ± 24) ng/mL, and (25.50 ± 4.14) per 100 µm venule. The content of L-selectin peaked at PIH 2 [(876 ± 54) ng/mL]. The microcirculatory perfusion value was lowest at PIM 5 [(1.17 ± 0.10) V]., Conclusions: HEB can increase the contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, and the number of adhered leukocyte, as well as decrease the skin microcirculatory perfusion value. PTX can inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes through increasing the content of PGI2 and decreasing contents of other factors mentioned above, thus alleviating the microcirculatory dysfunction after HEB.

Objective: To evaluate the value of intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (ELIOT) in treatment of malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints., Methods: From October 2008 to April 2012, nineteen patients with malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints were treated with ELIOT. The tumors were located around the knee joint in 8 patients, around the hip joint in 6 patients, around the elbow joint in 4 patients and around the shoulder joint in one patient. All of the patients underwent limb salvage surgeries. R0 resections were performed in 18 patients, while R1 resection was performed in one patient. The doses of intraoperative radiation ranged from 10 Gy to 22 Gy. The median dose was 19 Gy. More than one ELIOT fields were used in 10 patients because of the large tumor size., Results: Seven patients suffered wound complications. No grade ≥ 3 acute toxicities were observed. One patient developed radiation ulcer and arterial fistula 15 months after surgery and ELIOT, and resulted in amputation finally (grade 4 late toxicity). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 score was 26.26 ± 4.04 (87.5% ± 13.5%), with excellent to good extremity functions in 18 patients (94.7%). Four patients had local recurrences. The estimated locoregional control rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 81.9%, 73.7%, and 73.7%, respectively. Seven patients died of the diseases. The estimated overall survivals of the entire group of patients at 1, 2, and 3 years were 76.3%, 61.2%, and 51.0%, respectively., Conclusions: ELIOT is a safe and well-tolerable technique and could be widely used for patients with malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints with acceptable rates of acute and late toxicity. There is positive significance for controlling the tumor local recurrence, preserving the joint function and improving survival quality.

Objective: To preliminarily understand the genotyping characteristics regarding the variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates so as to provide evidence for the development of tuberculosis control and prevention programs in Fujian province., Methods: Fifteen VNTR locus sets were used to detect the clinical isolates from the fifth surveillance project on tuberculosis resistance, in Fujian province. BioNumerics version 4.5 were used to analyze the cluster from the results generated by genotyping., Results: 313 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were divided into 9 clusters, including I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX, with the number of 220, 9, 48, 2, 1, 3, 10, 10, 10 isolates, respectively. Cluster I was the major lineage, accounting for 70.3% (220/313) of the total. Resistance rates of cluster I isolates to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol and multi-drug-resistant were not statistically different from other clusters (P > 0.05). However, resistance rate to rifampicin (RFP) was significantly higher than that of other isolates of the clusters, 33.2% (73/220) vs. 20.4% (19/93) (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The strains isolated from Fujian province showed significant polymorphism on genotyping. Cluster I seemed to be the dominant, calling for the close monitoring program on cluster I strains., Results: from our initial studies demonstrated the existence of significant correlation between cluster I strains and drug resistance to RFP.

Objective: To study the myocardial protection on septic rats by Tongguan Capsule (TC)., Methods: Totally 120 SD rats were used to prepare the septic rat model using cecal, ligation and puncture (CLP). After modeling they were divided into three groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the treatment group (treated by TC), 40 in each group. Each group was further divided into 5 subgroups according to different time points, i.e., 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days after CLP, 8 in each subgroup. CLP was performed in rats of the model group and the treatment group. The abdominal cavity of rats in the sham-operation group was opened. The incision of the abdominal wall was then sutured after their cecum was slightly flipped without puncture. Normal saline (at the daily dose of 10 mL/kg) was given by gastrogavage to rats in the model group and the sham-operation group. TC (at the daily dose of 600 mg/kg) was given to rats in the treatment group by gastrogavage, once daily, for 7 successive days. The hemodynamic changes such as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular pressure maximal rate of fall (- dp/dtmax), left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise ( +dp/dtmax), inflammatory factors [such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and, IL-6, troponin I (CTn I )] were observed in all groups at each time point. The morphological changes of myocardial cells were observed under light and electron microscope 3 days later., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the LVSP and +dp/dtmax decreased, and -dp/dtmax, CTn I , TNF-alpha, and IL-6 increased 24 -72 h after surgery in the model group, showing statistical difference (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the LVSP and +dp/dtmax increased, and -dp/dtmax, CTn I , TNF-alpha, and IL-6 decreased 24 -72 h after surgery in the treatment group, showing statistical difference (P<0.05, P<0.01). Images under light microscope showed granular degeneration of myocardial cells could be occasionally seen in the treatment group. The transverse striation of myocardial cells was quite clear. The coronary artery was dilated and congested, with mild inflammation of interstitium. Images under electron microscope showed that the nucleus of myocardial cells was complete with quite clear Z-line in the treatment group. The number of the mitochondria increased. The mitochondria was swollen, but with more clear structure of cristae and mild fibrosis of interstitium., Conclusion: TC could improve the depression state of myocardial cells of septic rats, thus improving the prognosis of sepsis.

Objective: To study the mechanism of interleukin 7/interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7/IL-7R) in promoting cell proliferation and inducing lymphangiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo and in vitro., Methods: Immunohistochemical study for IL-7, IL-7R, cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) was carried out in NSCLC tissues from 95 patients. The relationship between IL-7/IL-7R expression and various parameters was analyzed. The mechanism of IL-7/IL-7R in promoting cell proliferation and inducing lymphangiogenesis was studied by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, reverse transcriptase-PCR, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and nude mice experiments with xenograft tumors., Results: IL-7 (63.2%, 60/95), IL-7R (61.1%, 58/95), cyclin D1 (52.6%, 50/95) and VEGF-D (58.9%, 56/95) showed that high level of expression in NSCLC. IL-7/IL-7R over-expression correlated with cyclin D1 expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), VEGF-D expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), increased lymphovascular density (P = 0.005, P = 0.013), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.008, P = 0.005) and presence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). IL-7/IL-7R could promote proliferation of A549 cell, increase cyclin D1 and VEGF-D expression, and enhance c-Fos/c-Jun expression and phosphorylation, resulting in formation of heterodimer. Furthermore, IL-7/IL-7R could induce binding of c-Fos/c-Jun to cyclin D1/VEGF-D promoters and regulate their transcription. IL-7/IL-7R could also promote proliferation and lymphangiogenesis of lung cancer xenograft tumors., Conclusions: IL-7/IL-7R promotes c-Fos/c-Jun expression and activity in NSCLC. This further facilitates cyclin D1 expression and accelerates proliferation of cells and VEGF-D-induced lymphovascular formation.