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Background The association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with chronic disease prevalence among middle-aged and elderly people has become a research hot spot, but the association between ACEs and self-rated health in older people is still unclear, and relevant studies in Chinese population are especially rare. Objective To explore self-rated health in Chinese elderly people, and its association with ACEs. Methods The study was conducted in October 2021. Data about ACEs and self-rated health were acquired by applying from the 2014 and 2018 waves of CHARLS conducted by Peking University, involving 7 579 older people (≥ 60 years old) . The ACEs were stratified into three groups by the times of ACEs events (10 kinds in total) : high-risk (4 or more) , low-risk (1-3) , and reference (zero) . The self-rated health was divided into three levels: good, fair and poor. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of self-rated health with the number and types of ACEs events. Results Among the participants, the prevalence of good, fair and poor self-rated health was 22.06% (1 672/7 579) , 59.03% (4 474/7 579) , and 18.91% (1 433/7 579) , respectively, and the prevalence of experiencing ≥4, 1-3 and no ACEs events was 25.36% (1 922/7 579) , 69.71% (5 283/7 579) , and 4.93% (374/7 579) , respectively. The self-rated health differed significantly by age, gender, place of living, and types of ACEs (parental divorce, parental violence, parental depression, parental disability, living in an unsafe neighborhood, childhood loneliness, childhood famishment, bullying) (P

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy combined with transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice for the treatment of upper urinary urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 59 UTUC cases treated in our hospital from July 2013 to July 2019, who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy combined with transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice (n=20) or abdominal incision(n=39). Blood loss volume, time of incision drainage, recovery time of postoperative intestinal function, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative complications and local recurrence, and distant metastasis were compared between the 2 groups. Results The transurethral resection group had significantly longer operative time (219.1±54.2 vs 178.7±60.8 min, P < 0.05), but shorter time of incision drainage, recovery time of postoperative intestinal function and postoperative hospitalization time (P < 0.05) when compared with the abdominal incision group. There were 4 cases having operative complications in the abdominal incision group, including 2 cases of pulmonary infection, 1 case of retroperitoneal effusion, and 1 case of lymphorrhagia. In the transurethral resection group, there was 1 case of postoperative bladder bleeding, and cystoscopic electrocision was performed for hemostasis. No significant differences were found in other evaluated indicators between the 2 groups. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy combined with resection of the ureteral orifice is safe and effective for the treatment of UTUC. Compared with abdominal incision, transurethral approach has the advantage of less trauma and rapider recovery.

Cerebral hemodynamic damage is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The hemodynamic damage of cerebral small vessel disease includes the changes of blood pressure variability (BPV), vascular pulsatility, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and so on. Impaired cerebral hemodynamics may promote the progression of the disease by aggravating the damage of endothelial dysfunction and the disruption of blood⁃brain barrier (BBB). This paper reviews progress of impaired cerebral hemodynamics in arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between thoracoscopic surgery and traditional thoracotomy in the treatment for children with congenital pulmonary sequestration (PS), and investigate the value of thoracoscopic surgery for PS. Methods The clinical data of 41 children diagnosed with congenital PS and surgically treated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The choice of clinical surgical methods was determined by the inclusion criteria for patients of the 2 groups respectively. According to the received surgical methods, these children were assigned into thoracotomy group (n=20, 12 males and 8 females, 86.07±38.96 months, ranging from 3 d to 12 years and 8 months old) and thoracoscopy group (n=21, 11 males and 10 females, 99.06±57.38 months, ranging from 4 months to 11 years and 2 months old). All of them were followed up for 5 months to 5 years. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, postoperative hospital stay and other surgical indicators were compared and analyzed between the 2 groups, so were the mortality, incidence of complications and recurrence. Results Both groups were successfully completed the surgery with no death or serious complications. There were no significant differences in age, weight and sites of disease between the 2 groups (P>0.05), and 1 case in the thoracoscopy group was converted to thoracotomy during operation due to severe pleural adhesion. The intraoperative blood loss, and times for postoperative mechanical ventilation, chest drainage tube indwelling, retention in coronary care unit (CCU) and hospital stay in the thoracoscopy group were statistically better than those in the thoracotomy group (P < 0.05). However, the operation time in the thoracoscopy group was obviously longer than that in the thoracotomy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy can effectively treat congenital PS in children. Compared with thoracotomy, thoracoscopy has less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications.

In order to design a set of injection molds for the housing of electrical instruments that can realize automatic demoulding, Moldflow analysis technology is used to determine the optimal gate position. With the goal of reducing the warpage deformation of plastic parts, the best cooling scheme was determined through a comparative analysis. In order to realize the automatic separation of the gating system, the three-plate mold base is selected for mold opening. Combined with the optimization results, the gating system and cooling system of the mold were designed using UG NX software. According to the structural characteristics of the outer side hole of the plastic part, the slider is placed on the moving die side and the fixed die side in two forms, and the outer core pulling action is completed with the bent pin respectively. There is an inverted buckle structure on the back of the plastic part, and the inclined top structure is used for inner core pulling. The actual production verification shows that the mold structure design is reasonable, the purpose of automatic demoulding is realized, and the plastic parts have better molding quality and can meet the production requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame is an important food which is homology of medicine and food and has a high nutritional value.Recently studies showed that the active components in sesame had a lot of functional value.The nutrient components of sesame and the functional value of sesame lignan substances such as sesamin and sesamol researched by modern life sciences were reviewed.The development in future on sesame is prospected to provide support for further research and development of sesame.

Rainfall is one of the key factors of unsaturated soil slope instability and the strength of unsaturated soils is closely related to volume water content. Considering two-dimensional rainfall infiltration, on the basis of the Darcy seepage theorem and mass conservation law of unsaturated soils, this paper constructed a two-dimensional infiltration model of unsaturated soils and coded a MATLAB program based on an alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) finite difference method which is used to numerical calculations to study the transient volume water content distribution at different slope locations under different rainfall conditions. The results show that the volume water content changes with the horizontal distance and depth. Moreover, the volume water content at the slope surface changes far greater than that at the deep part. The smaller the initial volume water content is, the greater the change in volume water content of the slope is, which is disadvantageous to slope stability.

In order to provide reference for the rapid detection and identification of Salmonella, Salmonella was isolated and identified from the proficiency testing (CFAPA-- 805) samples from three aspects including the traditional standard detection methods, specific PCR and molecular phylogeny. The traditional standard detection method was based on the national food safety standard (GB 4789.4 -- 2016) "Salmonella Examination of Food Microbiological Examination", the specific PCR was based on the invA gene, and the molecular phylogeny was based on the 16S rDNA. The results showed that the results of the three detection methods were consistent. Salmonella was detected in 341 samples, and the results of physiological and biochemical identification, serological identification and molecular phylogenetic identification showed that: the Salmonella in the positive samples was Salmonella biochemical group (I), Salmonella enteritidis subspecies, of which the serotyping was O:9, 12:H:g, m. The ability verification result of this laboratory was "satisfactory", affirming the laboratory's ability to detect Salmonella. By the comparison, the specific PCR identification could determine whether Salmonella was detected. The physiological and biochemical identification, serological identification and molecular phylogenetic identification could confirm the biochemical group, serotyping and molecular typing of Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kulagangri Dome is located at the eastern part of the Himalayan metallogenic belt. Based on the 1 :50 000 mineral geological mapping and sparse surface engineering, the Gabo pegmatite-type lithium deposit was firstly found at the eastern part of the Kulagangri Dome. Ore-bearing spodumene pegmatite dikes are generally hosted by the marble in the middle unit of the dome, with length ranging from 1 m to 1 200 m, and width ranging from 0. 8 m to 40 m. The main lithium containing minerals in the spodumene pegmatite are spodumene, elbaite and lepidolite. At present, two main Li mineralization zones are controlled by 5 surface engineering. The mineralization zone I is about 2 km long, and includes 2 main orebodies (K1 and K2). The mineralization zone II is about 700 m long, and include one main orebody (K3). The K1 orebody is about 1 200 m long and 5 ~ 40 m thick, with an average thickness of about 20 m. The K2 and K3 orebodies occur as the large lenticular shape, with strike extension >100~600 m and thickness 15~50 m. The total thickness of K2 orebody is 45. 3 m. The average grade of Li2O, Rb2O and BeO is 1.11%, 0.064% and 0.047%, respectively. The newly discovered Gabo lithium deposit is dominated by Li, Be and Rb, associated with Nb, Ta, Cs, W and Sn. Based on the geological survey results, the Gabo lithium deposit is large in scale, and showing considerable potential for further prospecting in the area. The discovery of Gabo lithium deposit is another breakthrough in the exploration of rare metals in the Himalayan metallogenic belt, which is of great significant role in further understanding of the tectono-magmatic evolution and rare metal mineralization in the Cenozoic Himalaya, and further enriching the theory of collisional orogenesis and mineralization in the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of polypropylene fiber, steel fiber and polyvinyl alcohol fiber on the mechanical properties, frost resistance and fatigue durability of high performance concrete were studied and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the higher the fiber content, the worse the workability of high performance concrete; the addition of proper amount of fiber can improve the compressive strength and bending strength of high performance concrete, and significantly improve the salt freeze resistance and fatigue resistance durability of high performance concrete. The effects of polypropylene fiber, steel fiber and polyvinyl alcohol fiber on the mechanical strength, frost resistance and fatigue performance of high performance concrete have the dual effects of interface strengthening effect and reinforced cracking effect, thus effectively delaying the expansion of microcracks and avoiding occurrence of macroscopic craclcs. The suitable polypropylene fiber, steel fiber and polyvinyl alcohol fiber should be controlled at 0.6~0.9 kg/m³, 1.2~1.5 kg/m³ and 0.9~1.2 kg/m³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intelligent manufacturing equipment (IME) is an integration of the advanced manufacturing technology, the information technology and the artificial intelligence technology. It is the next- generation manufacturing equipment, which is considered to be efficient, high-quality, energy-saving, environment friendly, safe and reliable. A state-of-the-art review on the IME both in and abroad the country was given, the essence and the development emphasis of the IME were discussed. The results show that the German "Industry 4.0" and the American industrial internet equipment is the future developing direction of the IME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate whether Forskolin (FSK), Isoforskolin (ISOF) has any influences on cardiovascular system and respiratory system of SD rats. Methods (1) 50 SD rats were divided into five groups randomly: Control group (Control), the low (2 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) dose FSK and ISOF group, n = 10 in each group, with the proportion of male and female 1:1. 2) Carotid artery catheters were used for those SD rats, pressure transducer and the multi-channel physiology recorder were applied to record in the heart rate, breathing frequency, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure. The data were recorded after the monitoring index got stable. Medicines were given from the duodenum after the rats were anesthetized, the heart rate, breathing, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure were recorded before and 0.5 h, 1h, 1.5 h, 2h and 2.5 h after the drug administration in treatment group. Results Compared with before drug administration, the heart rate, breathing rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure of the treatment group had no significant difference 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h and 2.5 h after drug administration. Compared with control group, the heart rate, breathing, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure had no significant difference between before and 0.5 h, 1h, 1.5 h, 2 h and 2.5 h after drug administration. Conclusion General pharmacology study shows that the low (2 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) dose of FSK and ISOF has no significant effect on heart rate, breathing, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure of SD rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore whether type 2 diabetes mellitue (DM) aggravates the spatial learning and memory impairment in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and the possible mechanism. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (normal diet + sham); DM group [high-fat diet + streptozocin (STZ) injection]; CCH group [normal diet + two vessel occlussion (2-VO)] and DM + CCH group (high-fat diet + STZ injection + 2-VO). All rats were submitted to behavioral testing for spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze test, and immunofluorescence staining to detect hippocampal β - site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) positive cells. The relative expressions of BACE-1 in hippocampus were detected with Western blotting. Results Morris water maze test showed escape latency of DM + CCH group was significantly longer than control group on 2nd-5th days [(54.60 ± 3.75) s vs (25.99 ± 4.10) s, P = 0.000; (45.39 ± 2.78) s vs (27.50 ± 4.39) s, P = 0.003; (39.71 ± 3.47) s vs (20.34 ± 3.69) s, P = 0.001; (41.43 ± 4.48) s vs (11.35 ± 3.95) s, P = 0.000]. The percentage of target quadrant time in DM + CCH group on the 6th day was significantly reduced compared with the control group [(22.38 ± 3.41)% vs (43.69 ± 3.22)%, P = 0.000]. Compared with control group, BACE-1 positive cells significantly increased in the hippocampus of DM + CCH group, and the relative expression of BACE - 1 increased statistically (0.23 ± 0.04 vs 0.06 ± 0.02, P = 0.005). Conclusions Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates spatial learning and memory impairment of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which may be related to the abnormal expression of BACE - 1 in the hippocampus of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To solve the problems in design speed method for calculation of horizontal curve radius in the current specification, reliability design method is presented. Based on Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures, the reliability of curve radius was defined. With lateral slide of vehicle traveling around horizontal curve as constraints, the performance function of curve radius was established and models for calculation of its reliability and reliable indicator were deduced. For solution of the models, analytical methods and Monte Carlo method were recommended. With self-developed program, a case study was conducted to illustrate the reliability design method in calculating curve radius of an accident-prone highway. Based on psychological investigation, target reliability, reliable indicator, and minimum curve radiuses were recommended for design of curve radius of various grades of two-lane highway. Hidden reliability of the current specification was calculated. The case study and the hidden reliability analysis together shows that even if the design result with design speed method satisfy requirement of the specification, it maybe not reach the standard of reliability design method. Therefore, Reliability design method for horizonal curve radius of highway alignment is helpful for safety improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the engineering background of Jianshan Iron mine in Panzhihua city, the caving mechanism and moving area of wall rock during transformation from open-pit to underground mining using similar material physical models and numerical simulation was researched. Firstly the similar material physical model was monitored with stress database collection box, total station instruments and digital camera shooting equipment to obtain the stress-displacement characteristics and failure process. Systematic analysis was made on stress displacement and crack failure of wall rock to discover the basic caving and moving mechanism of wall rock. Secondly the stress and displacement change, plastic zone distribution and disturbed angle change of model was systematic analyzed using numerical simulation software. The results indicate that the wall rock stress undergoes a course from dramatic change to slow change and finally shows a tendency toward stabilization. The extent of damage and the plastic zone increases with the mining depth increasing. The shear failure of the rock mass mainly appears at the foot of the two sides slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deadline assignment and monitoring method based on critical path was proposed for time management in time-constrained workflows. In the course of building time, the slack time and deadline of each activity were assigned. And then in run time, through monitoring workflow instance execution, the deadline and slack time of subsequent activities were timely reassigned. The proposed method not only improves the lack of the existing method in which all the paths in "OR" control structure were assigned the same deadline, but also properly adjusts workflow execution rhythm according to the current instance executions, and hence increases the anticipativity of subsequent activities in avoiding time violation in order to guarantee the effective execution of workflow time planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the maps of habitat factors in Zhalong wetlands in 1996 and 2004, two models called habitat suitability index model and nearest neighbor analysis model were established to quantitatively analyze the changes of reproduction habitat quality of red-crowned crane in Zhalong wet-lands. The results showed that in 1996-2004, the suitable reproduction habitats of red-crowned crane in the wetlands experienced both area loss and functional loss. By the end of 2004, the suit-able habitats in the study area lost greatly, and those in core area undergone serious fragmentation. Consequently, the habitat-selection behaviors of red-crowned crane responded in two ways: one was the centralization of nests towards core area, and the other was the spatial distribution pattern changed from uniform to aggregative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of pollutants have frequently been detected in the Yangtze River Basin with the rapid economic development, the population increase, and the acceleration of urbanization, which threaten the aquatic ecosystem and human health. A multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation method was developed to identify the characteristic pollutants, and the risk quotient method was used to derive the risk pollutants in water and sediment samples in this article. A total of 155 pollutants from 11 categories were detected in the Yangtze River Basin according to the literature research. Then, the K-means method was used to analyze the cluster of pollutant comprehensive scores. All pollutants were graded based on their scores and recorded as Ⅰ-Ⅵ according to the number of cases in each cluster. A total of 43 pollutants with high scores of Ⅰ and Ⅱ were listed as the characteristic pollutants, which included 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 11 organochlorine pesticides, 10 polychlorinated biphenyls, eight dioxins, two heavy metals, and one phthalate ester. The top five median concentrations of contaminants in water and sediment samples were heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates esters, bisphenols, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. According to the principle of risk maximization, the risk entropy value （RQ） was calculated based on the highest pollutant concentration. A total of 38 risky pollutants were screened in the water samples （RQ ≥ 0.1）. There were eight high-risk pollutants with RQ ≥ 1, which included benzo[a,h]-anthracene, anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene, pyrene, methoxychlor, aldrin, 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyl, and cadmium. There were 15 high-risk contaminants in the sediment, which included benzo[b]fluoranthene, anthracene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, cadmium, lead, chromium, arsenic, selenium, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, norfloxacin, perfluorobutyric acid, and bisphenol A. The risk pollutants contained emerging pollutants, which included ten pollutants in water samples and nine pollutants in sediments. Antibiotic pollutants accounted for the largest proportion of these emerging pollutants. The information provided in this article may be useful for the relevant departments to monitor the pollutants and propose management programs for the Yangtze River Basin. Additionally, it is of great significance for the ecological environmental protection and management of the Yangtze River Basin.

This study employed knowledge graph technology to analyze the research status and hot spots of Realgar and provide guidance for clinical application and further research of this drug. The research articles both in English and Chinese involving Realgar were retrieved from five databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and Web of Science. And NoteExpress, a literature management software was used to screen literature. CiteSpace was utilized for visualized analysis and presentations of the authors, institutions, and keywords. 2 879 articles in Chinese and 194 articles in English were included. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and Journal of Ethnopharmacology were the top Chinese and English journals in terms of publication volume. Realgar is widely used in the treatment of skin diseases, blood diseases, and cancer. JIANG Hong was the author who have published more articles in Chinese and English working with teams. School of Public Health of China Medical University and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences published the most articles in Chinese and English. The research on Realgar mainly focuses on clinical application, mechanism of action, reduction of toxicity, and enhancement of efficacy. The authors and institutions of Realgar research are mainly concentrated in China. The study on the mechanism of treating hematological diseases and cancer with Realgar, as well as the research on its effects of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy, are the current research hotspots. The mechanism of &quot;same treatment for different diseases&quot; in Realgar needs to be further explored. It is urgent to carry out interdisciplinary research on Realgar. This study can provide a refe-rence for the clinical application of Realgar and provide ideas for further research on Realgar.

This study explored the specific mechanism by which tetrahydropalmatine(THP) inhibited mitophagy through the UNC-51-like kinase 1(ULK1)/FUN14 domain containing 1(FUNDC1) pathway to reduce hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury in H9c2 cells. This study used H9c2 cells as the research object to construct a cardiomyocyte H/R injury model. First, a cell viability detection kit was used to detect cell viability, and a micro-method was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage to evaluate the protective effect of THP on H/R injury of H9c2 cells. In order to evaluate the protective effect of THP on mitochondria, the chemical fluorescence method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species, intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and autophagosomes, and the luciferin method was used to detect intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP) content. Western blot was further used to detect the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) membrane type(LC3-Ⅱ) and slurry type(LC3-Ⅰ) and activated cleaved caspase-3 expression level. In addition, ULK1 expression level and its phosphorylation degree at Ser555 site, as well as the FUNDC1 expression level and its phosphorylation degree of Ser17 site were detected to explore its specific mechanism. The results showed that THP effectively reduced mitochondrial damage in H9c2 cells after H/R. THP protected mitochondria by reducing the level of reactive oxygen species in cells and mitochondria, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby increasing cellular ATP production, enhancing cellular activity, reducing cellular LDH leakage, and finally alleviating H/R damage in H9c2 cells. Further studies have found that THP could reduce the production of autophagosomes, reduce the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, and lower the expression of the apoptosis-related protein, namely cleaved caspase-3, indicating that THP could reduce apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. In-depth studies have found that THP could inhibit the activation of the ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway of mitophagy and the occurrence of mitophagy by reducing the phosphorylation degree of ULK1 at Ser555 and FUNDC1 at Ser17. The application of ULK1 agonist BL-918 reversely verified the effect of THP on reducing the phosphorylation of ULK1 and FUNDC1. In summary, THP inhibited mitophagy through the ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway to reduce H/R injury in H9c2 cells.

This article explored the mechanism by which ginsenoside Re reduces hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury in H9c2 cells by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/peroxisome prolife-rator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) pathway. In this study, H9c2 cells were cultured in hypoxia for 4 hours and then reoxygenated for 2 hours to construct a cardiomyocyte H/R injury model. After ginsenoside Re pre-administration intervention, cell activity, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, intracellular reactive oxygen species(Cyto-ROS), and intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species(Mito-ROS) levels were detected to evaluate the protective effect of ginsenoside Re on H/R injury of H9c2 cells by resisting oxidative stress. Secondly, fluorescent probes were used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨ&#95;m) and mitochondrial membrane permeability open pore(mPTP), and immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of TOM20 to study the protective effect of ginsenoside Re on mitochondria. Western blot was further used to detect the protein expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Cyto C, Nrf2, HO-1, and PGC-1α to explore the specific mechanism by which ginsenoside Re protected mitochondria against oxidative stress and reduced H/R injury. Compared with the model group, ginse-noside Re effectively reduced the H/R injury oxidative stress response of H9c2 cells, increased SOD activity, reduced MDA content, and decreased Cyto-ROS and Mito-ROS levels in cells. Ginsenoside Re showed a good protective effect on mitochondria by increasing ΔΨ&#95;m, reducing mPTP, and increasing TOM20 expression. Further studies showed that ginsenoside Re promoted the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and PGC-1α proteins, and reduced the activation of the apoptosis-related regulatory factor caspase-3 to cleaved caspase-3 and the expression of Cyto C protein. In summary, ginsenoside Re can significantly reduce I/R injury in H9c2 cells. The specific mechanism is related to the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis through the Nrf2/HO-1/PGC-1α pathway, thereby increasing the number of mitochondria, improving mitochondrial function, enhancing the ability of cells to resist oxidative stress, and alleviating cell apoptosis.

This study explored the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD) on platelet activation and differential gene expression after acute myocardial infarction(AMI). SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, a positive drug(aspirin) group, and a BYHWD group. Pre-treatment was conducted for 14 days with a daily oral dose of 1.6 g·kg~(-1) BYHWD and 0.1 g·kg~(-1) aspirin. The AMI model was established using the high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery method. The detection indicators included myocardial infarct size, heart function, myocardial tissue pathology, peripheral blood flow perfusion, platelet aggregation rate, platelet membrane glycoprotein CD62p expression, platelet transcriptomics, and differential gene expression. The results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group showed reduced ejection fraction and cardiac output, decreased peripheral blood flow, and increased platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, and activated platelets. At the same time, TXB&#95;2 content increased and 6-keto-PGF1α content decreased in serum. Compared with the model group, BYHWD increased ejection fraction and cardiac output, improved blood circulation in the foot and tail regions and cardiomyocytes arrangement, reduced myocardial infarct size and inflammatory infiltration, down-regulated platelet aggregation rate and CD62p expression, reduced serum TXB&#95;2 content, and increased 6-keto-PGF1α content. Platelet transcriptome sequencing results revealed that BYHWD regulated mTOR-autophagy pathway-related genes in platelets. The differential gene expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. BYHWD up-regulated mTOR, down-regulated autophagy-related FUNDC1 and PINK genes, and up-regulated p62 gene expression. The results demonstrated that BYHWD could regulate platelet activation, improve blood circulation, and protect ischemic myocardium in AMI rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the mTOR-autophagy pathway in platelets.

The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is mainly based on clinical manifestations, screening, and related biochemistry tests. In recent years, the development of blood biomarkers and the improvement in ultrasound examination have made it possible for BA to be diagnosed at a younger age. In particular, matrix metalloproteinase-7 shows high sensitivity and specificity and has a higher diagnostic efficiency than existing biochemical parameters, thereby holding a promise for clinical application. Sound touch elastography can increase the diagnostic efficiency for BA in terms of diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Surgery is still the only method for the treatment of BA at present, with the preferred surgical treatment regimen of Kasai portoenterostomy combined with pharmacotherapies for alleviating infection and inflammation, and the patients who fail Kasai portoenterostomy or have liver dysfunction may require liver transplantation to save their lives. Therefore, the current research on BA should focus on the biomarkers for early diagnosis, specifically targeted drugs, and drugs for preventing progressive liver fibrosis. This article reviews the current diagnosis and treatment methods for BA and discusses the potential research directions.

This study aims to explore the effect of Jinzhen Oral Liquid(JOL) on cough after infection in rats and the mechanism. To be specific, a total of 60 male SD rats were classified into 6 groups: normal group(equivalent volume of distilled water, ig), model group(equivalent volume of distilled water, ig), Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Oral Solution group(3.67 mL·kg~(-1), ig), high-, medium-, and low-dose JOL groups(11.34, 5.67, and 2.84 mL·kg~(-1), respectively, ig). Lipopolysaccharide(LPS, nasal drip), smoking, and capsaicin(nebulization) were employed to induce cough after infection in rats except the normal group. Administration began on the 19 th day and lasted 7 days. Capsaicin(nebulization) was used to stimulate cough 1 h after the last administration and the cough frequency and cough incubation period in rats were recorded. The pathological morphology of lung tissue was observed based on hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the specific expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(Trpv1), nerve growth factor(NGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase A(TrkA), and phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK) in lung tissue, Western blot the protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA. The results showed that model group demonstrated significantly high cough frequency, obvious proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, significantly enhanced positive protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue and significant increase in the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA compared with the normal group. Compared with the model group, JOL can significantly reduce the cough frequency, alleviate the pathological changes of lung tissue, and decrease the protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, and high-dose and medium-dose JOL can significantly lower the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA. This study revealed that JOL can effectively inhibit Trpv1 pathway-related proteins and improve cough after infection. The mechanism is that it reduces the expression of NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, thereby decreasing the expression of Trpv1 and cough sensitivity.

The pollution level, emission characteristics, and emission factors of PCDD/Fs from a number of steel plants were investigated in a particular province of China. The results showed that the concentration of PCDD/Fs was at a low level and decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with that in 2005-2019. In detail, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.003-0.557 ng·m -3 (I-TEQ), and the mean value was 0.165 ng·m -3 for the sintering process. Moreover, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.006 to 0.057 ng·m -3 , and the mean value was 0.025 ng·m -3 for the electric furnace process. In addition, the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the iron and steel industry from 2005 to 2020 increased first and then decreased, especially after the implementation of the new emission standard and the ultra-low emission control of conventional pollutants such as smoke, showing a significant decline. The results of fingerprint analysis showed that 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the largest congener contributing to the mass concentration, and lower chlorinated PCDFs were increased. This result differed from those of previous studies in which highly chlorinated PCDFs and PCDDs dominated, indicating that the generation source of PCDD/Fs had changed. The congener and isomer profiles of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from the sintering process were similar to those in the flue gas from the electric furnace process. Additionally, showing the characteristics of the typical high-temperature thermal process, the de novo synthesis may be the dominant mechanism of formation of PCDD/Fs in the sintering process and electric furnace process. The emission factor was 0.003-0.5 μg·t -1 (I-TEQ), and the average emission factor was (0.18±0.22) μg·t -1 for the sintering process. The emission factor was 0.04-0.5 μg·t -1 , and the average emission factor was (0.27±0.23) μg·t -1 for the electric furnace process. These values were far lower than those of the standard toolkit for identification and quantification of dioxin and furan emissions released by UNEP in 2013 and the emission factors in the dioxin emission inventory of China in 2004. It is suggested that the emission factors of PCDD/Fs in the iron and steel industry of China should be studied and updated.

This study determined the extraction rates of indirubin in Indigo Naturalis by ethanol reflux extraction method and water extraction method. The pharmacodynamic study against cough induced by ammonia water in the mouse model and the cough induced by citric acid in the guinea pig model were performed to optimize the extraction process of the sovereign medicinal Indigo Naturalis and the whole prescription of Children's Qingfei Zhisou Syrup. The extraction rate of indirubin by the ethanol reflux method was 51.89%, and indirubin was not detected in the product of water extraction. Two samples of Children's Qingfei Zhisou Syrup prepared with different methods can prolong the incubation period of cough and suppress the frequency of coughs in pharmacodynamic experiments. In terms of prolonging the incubation period of cough, the two samples prepared with different methods had no significant difference. In terms of reducing the frequency of coughs, the high-dose Five kinds of ethanol extracts such as indigo naturalis and three kinds of water extracts such as gypsum had better effect against the citric acid-induced cough of guinea pigs than other samples(P&lt;0.05). The extraction rate of indirubin in Children's Qingfei Zhisou Syrup sample prepared with ethanol was higher than that with water. The two samples of Children's Qingfei Zhisou Syrup prepared with the two methods showed good antitussive effects. The sample prepared with 5 ingredients(including Indigo Naturalis) extracted with ethanol and 3 ingredients(including Gypsum Fibrosum) extracted with water had better alleviation effect on the citric acid-induced cough of guinea pig than the whole water extract sample. In conclusion, the optimum extraction scheme is ethanol extraction for 5 ingredients including Indigo Naturalis in combination with water extraction for 3 ingredients including Gypsum Fibrosum, and the Children's Qingfei Zhisou Syrup produced in this manner has better antitussive efficacy.

Protective effect of Qilong Capsules(QL) on the myocardial fibrosis and blood circulation of rats with coronary heart disease of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type was investigated. Sleep deprivation and coronary artery ligation were used to construct a disease-symptom combination model, and 60 SD rats were divided into sham operation(sham) group, syndrome(S) group, disease and syndrome(M) group and QL group randomly. The treatment group received administration of QL 0.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1). Other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. The disease indexes of each group [left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVESD), left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular axis shortening rate(LVFS), myocardial histopathology, platelet morphology, peripheral blood flow] and syndrome indexes(tongue color, pulse, grip power) were detected. In sham group, cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers were arranged neatly and densely with clear structures. The tongues' color in sham were light red, and the pulse shape were regular. RGB is a parameter reflected the brightness of the image of the tongue. In the S group, the amplitude and frequency of the animal's pulse increased accompanied by decreasing R,G,B, however, the decreased R,G,B was accompanied by reduced pulse amplitude in M group. And in M group, we observed fuzzy cell morphology, hypertrophied myocytes, disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers, reduced peripheral blood flow and increased collagen volume fraction(CVF). Increased LVESD and LVEDD, and decreased LVEF and LVFS represented cardiac function in S group was significantly lower than that in sham. In QL group, the tongue's color was red and the pulse was smooth. The myocardial fibers of the QL group were arranged neatly and secreted less collagen. It improved the blood circulation in the sole and tail, and reversed the increasing of LVEDD, LVESD and the decreasing of LVEF and LVFS of M group. Platelets in M and S group showed high reactivity, and QL could decrease aggregation risk. In conclusion, Qilong Capsules has an obvious myocardial protective effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy, which may inhibit the degree of myocardial fibrosis and reduce platelet reactivity.

Higher and more precise requirements are critically needed for the protection, regulation, and restoration of ecological environment in the Qilian Mountain National Park after it is classified as a national park system pilot in China. Based on remote sensing data in 1980-2018, the spatial pattern map of mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass system was constructed to analyze its spatial-temporal variations in the general control area and core conservation area in Qinghai area of the Qilian Mountain National Park. The results showed that grasslands, with an area of 8174.93 km 2 , were the main landscape in the park, and that grassland area in the core conservation area was 1.2 times as that of the general control area. The bare exposed rocks, a major type of unused land, accounted for 86.7% and 79.4% of the unused land in the core conservation area and the general control area, respectively. Forest area in the general control area was larger than that in the core conservation area. Water area in the core conservation area was 4.9 times as large as that in the general control area, with 90.4% of which being dominated by permanent glaciers and snowfields. The drylands were mainly concentrated in the general control area. From 1980 to 2018, the water area was decreasing and had been reduced by 186.75 km 2 . The area of permanent glaciers and snowfields decreased the most, with a drop of 12.05 and 175.88 km 2 in the general control area and the core conservation area, respectively. The area of forests and grasslands were enlarged constantly. The changes of high-, medium-, and low-coverage grasslands in the core conservation area were greater than that in the general control area, which were the most significant during 1990-2000. Moreover, the degradation of high- and medium-coverage grasslands in the general control area as well as high- and low-coverage grasslands in the core conservation area was observed from 1980 to 2018. The area of bare exposed rocks was on the rise, while the permanent glaciers and snowfields displayed a decreasing trend. The permanent glaciers and snowfields and the bare exposed rocks exhibited the most obvious changes in the park. The glaciers in the core conservation area retreated remarkably faster than those in the general control area, which were transformed into the bare exposed rocks mainly in 1980-1990 and 2000-2010.

The present study evaluated the curative efficacy of Chinese herbal injection on unstable angina pectoris( UAP) by network Meta-analysis. The databases,including Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trial( RCT) of Chinese herbal injection in the treatment of UAP. All researchers independently screened the articles,extracted the data and evaluated the quality. Open BUGS and Stata were employed for the analysis of the trials that met the quality standards. Fifty-eight studies were finally included in this study,involving 20 intervention measures. In terms of the effective rate,16 injections such as Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection and Danshen Injection combined with western medicine exhibited significant efficacy. In terms of ECG,Puerarin Injection,Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection( GDI),Breviscapine Injection combined with western medicine were superior to western medicine. In terms of the reduction of the angina attack times,Sodium Tanshinone ⅡASulfonate Injection,GDI and Dazhu Hongjingtian Injection combined with western medicine showed better effects than western medicine. In terms of shortening the angina duration,Shenmai Injection combined with western medicine was superior to western medicine. As revealed by the results,Dengzhan Xixin Injection,Xuesaitong Injection,Danshen Injection,Breviscapine Injection,Danshen Ligustrazine Injection combined with western medicine displayed prominent curative efficacy,which were recommended for clinical application. Meanwhile,appropriate intervention measures should be selected according to individual conditions. Limited by the quality of the included trials,the conclusions still need to be further verified.