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ObjectiveTo conduct comprehensive assessment of internal and external cadmium exposure and health risks for Shanghai residents.MethodsCadmium levels in food samples were calculated by employing two dietary exposure assessment methods， total diet study （TDS） and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）， to estimate the daily dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents. The provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of cadmium set by joint food and agriculture organization/WHO expert committee on food additives （JECFA） was applied to evaluate the health risk. Differences in dietary and urinary cadmium were compared by rank-sum test among different regions， age， gender， smoking status， and BMI groups， and the association between internal and external cadmium exposure was investigated by correlation analysis.ResultsThe mean value of urinary cadmium for 1 300 respondents was 0.542 μg·L-1. Urinary cadmium was higher in the population in central urban and urban-rural fringe areas than in the suburban area， higher in the older age group than in the younger age group， and higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group （all P

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ObjectiveTo provide basic data of daily dietary intake from various food categories as well as in different regions， seasons， genders， and age groups in Shanghai residents aged 15 and over.MethodsMultistage stratified proportional probability sampling （PPS） was used to extract the samples， and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was used to investigate the dietary intake of the subjects in four seasons from 2012 to 2013. The weighted statistical analysis of the samples comprehensively considered the sampling design weights， the stratified adjustment weights， and the non-response adjustment weights.ResultsThe total daily dietary intake （excluding drinking water） of residents aged 15 years and above was 1 174.71 g， and the highest three daily dietary intake categories were cereals （252.31 g）， vegetables （205.36 g） and fruits （141.00 g）. The total daily dietary intake of the residents in the urban area， the suburban area and the rural area was 1 209.15 g， 1 172.27 g and 948.50 g， respectively， and the total daily dietary intake in the outer suburb area was significantly lower than that in other areas （F=74.12，P

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　 To analyze the status of malnutrition for Dulong residents aged 6-80 years in Gongshan county of Yunnan in 2006 and to study it's influencing factors. Methods　 By using a stratified cluster sampling method,460 Dulong nationality residents aged 6-80 years were selected from Gongshan county in Yunnan Province. The questionnaire survey including questionnaire,and dietary survey such as body height and weight were used respectively for the survey. The status of nutrition was determined by Dulong residents' body mass index(BMI). The prevalence of malnutrition was calculated by statistics software. Multiple factors analysis were finished by non condition logistic regression in software. Results　 In 2016,of all Dulong children and adolescents aged 6-17 years,the prevalence of stunting was 16.1% and that of waisting was 1.8% in Gongshan county of Yunnan Province. Of all Dulong residents aged 18-80 years,the prevalence of underweight was 5.9%. Removing other variables,the result indicated:For the Dulong minority residents aged from 6 to 80,eaten fish(grass carp)(β:-1.116,OR = 0.328,95%CI:0.142-0.755)and tea(β:-0.899,OR = 0.407,95%CI:0.184-0.902)in the past 12 months were less possible to get malnutrition than those residents who were not. However,eaten liquid milk(low fat)(β:1.973,OR = 7.192,95%CI:1.392-37.179)in the past 12 months decreased the possibility to get malnutrition. Conclusions　 The malnutrition of Dulong residents can not be ignored. The main influencing factors of malnutrition in Dulong minority are milk,fish and tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between food intake and chronic diseases of Jinuo Minority residents living in Yunnan Province., Methods: A total of 392 Jinuo Minority residents 20-80-year-old among 304 families(male 135, female 257; aged 20-49 years old 140, aged 50-59 years old 136, aged 60-80 years old 116)in Jinghong District in Yunnan Province were selected with stratified multistage cluster sampling method. To apply the method of food frequency questionnaire and questionnaire survey obtain the condition of dietary structure and overweight or obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia among Jinuo Minority in the past 12 months. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between food intake and chronic diseases., Results: In 2020, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemias among Jinuo adults in Jinghong District were 38.8%(n=152), 19.1%(n=75), 3.6%(n=14)and 26.3%(n=103). Jinuo residents aged 20 and above who have consumed noodle and instant noodle(OR=1.677, 95%CI 1.028-2.736), fermented soybean curd(OR=3.056, 95%CI 1.853-5.038), grass carp(OR=2.245, 95%CI 1.270-3.971), ethnic food/peanut(OR=1.975, 95%CI 1.162-3.355) were more likely to experience overweight/obesity compared to those who did not consume them. On the other hand, individuals who consumed snacks/bread(OR=0.322, 95%CI 0.190-0.545) were less likely to develop overweight/obesity compared to those who did not consume them. Jinuo residents aged 20 and above who have consumed other cereals and cereals products, such as buckwheat(OR=7.029, 95%CI 1.494-33.070), were more likely to develop diabetes than those who did not consume them. And those who have eaten cabbage vegetables(such as cauliflower/cabbage)(OR=0.155, 95%CI 0.034-0.708), and kernel fruits(such as apple/pear)(OR=0.227, 95% CI 0.069-0.743) were less likely to develop diabetes than those who did not consume them. Adults who consumed cooked meat and other livestock and poultry, such as donkey/horse meat(OR=9.676, 95% CI 1.418-66.027), were more likely to cause dyslipidemias compared to did not consume them. Conversely, individuals who consumed root vegetables(such as radish/lotus root)(OR=0.405, 95%CI 0.204-0.803), cooked pork from animal foods(OR=0.482, 95%CI 0.263-0.885), snacks/snack bread(OR=0.590, 95%CI 0.357-0.974) and plum blossom(OR=0.173, 95%CI 0.038-0.793) were less likely to develop dyslipidemia than those who did not consume them., Conclusion: In Jinghong District, the overweight/obesity of Jinuo adults aged 20-80 was positively correlated to the consumption of noodles and instant noodles, fermented bean curd, grass carp, and ethnic food/peanut. And there was a negative correlation with the consumption of snacks/bread. Regarding diabetes, a positive correlation was observed with the consumption of other grains and products, while negative correlations were found with the consumption of cabbage vegetables and kernel fruits. For dyslipidemias, there was a positive correlation with the consumption of cooked meat and other livestock and poultry, and negative correlations were identified with the consumption of root vegetables, cooked pork from animal foods, snacks/snack bread, and prunes.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to assess the validity of two food frequency questionnaires: the food and ingredients-based food frequency questionnaire (FIFFQ) and the meal and dish-based food frequency questionnaire (MDFFQ). The effect of energy calibration on validity was also examined. Methods: A total of 151 participants completed the 141-item MDFFQ and then the 161-item FIFFQ 5 months later. Validity was assessed by comparing the questionnaires according to 24-hour recall (24HDR) and after energy calibration. Results: The average of the correlation coefficients between the FIFFQ and 24HDR for 28 nutrients was .03, which increased to 0.25 after energy calibration; for six food groups, it was 0.17 or 0.32 after energy calibration. The average of the coefficients of the correlation between the MDFFQ and 24HDR was 0.03, which increased to 0.25 after energy calibration. Before and after energy calibration, the average percent agreement between the FIFFQ and 24HDR was 35% and 41% for 28 nutrients and was 37% and 43% for 6 food groups, respectively. The average percent agreement between the MDFFQ and 24HDR was 33% or 41% after energy calibration. The weighted kappa ranged from -0.01 to 0.40 for the FIFFQ and 24HDR and from 0.02 to 0.43 for the MDFFQ and 24HDR after energy calibration. Conclusions: The FIFFQ and MDFFQ exhibited acceptable correlations and validity after energy calibration. Therefore, the use of these food frequency questionnaires to assess dietary patterns may require energy adjustment or quantitative dietary measurements such as recall or records for calibration purposes to improve their association with outcome variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between food intake and chronic diseases of Dulong minority residents living in Yunnan Province., Methods: 460 Dulong minority residents 6-80-year-old among 304 families(male 191, female 269, children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old 56, aged 18-44 years old 229, aged 45-59 years old 123, aged 60-80 years old 52)in Gongshan County in Yunnan Province were selected with Stratified multistage cluster sampling method. To apply the method of food frequency questionnaire and questionnaire survey obtain the condition of dietary structure and overweight or obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia among Dulong minority. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between food intake and chronic diseases., Results: The prevalence of overweight or obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were respectively 20.4%, 19.6%, 32.4% and 50.4% in 2016. Marital status and consumption of melons vegetables(OR=0.540, 95%CI 0.306-0.954), benevolence fruit kind fruit(OR=0.348, 95%CI 0.171-0.706) and low fat milk powder(OR=5.267, 95%CI 1.266-21.911) in the past 12 months were associated with hypertension among the Dulong minority population. For the Dulong minority residents, sex, eaten deep-fried dough stick(OR=0.403, 95%CI 0.182-0.894) in the past 12 months, solanaceous vegetables(OR=0.478, 95%CI 0.275-0.832) and whole milk powder(OR=2.090, 95%CI 1.372-3.184) have something to do with diabetes. Occupation, consumption of beancurd and bamboo vegetables(OR=4.753, 95%CI 1.079-20.937), solanaceous vegetables(OR=2.842, 95%CI 1.175-6.871) and edible fungi(OR=1.794, 95%CI 1.116-2.883) over the past 12 months were linked to the prevalence of overweight. Consumption of fresh legumes(OR=1.991, 95%CI 1.130-3.507), whole milk powder(OR=2.342, 95%CI 1.535-3.575), cooked poultry meat(OR=2.092, 95%CI 1.147-3.815), grass carp(OR=0.580, 95% CI 0.379-0.888)and fresh eggs(OR=0.432, 95%CI 0.196-0.950) and in the past 12 months were associated with dyslipidemia among the Dulong minority residents., Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was mainly related to occupation, consumption of vegetables and products(solanaceous vegetables, edible fungi), and hypertension was mainly related to Marital status, and the intake of melons vegetables, benevolence fruit kind fruit, low fat milk powder), and diabetes was mainly related to sex, deep-fried dough stick, solanaceous vegetables and whole milk powder, and dyslipidemia was mainly related to Marital status, fresh legumes, whole milk powder, cooked poultry meat, grass carp, and fresh eggs for the Dulong nationality residents aged 6-80 years old in Gongshan County, Yunnan Province.

Minimizing the burden on study subjects and assessing the general dietary nutritional status as accurately as possible are the basis of a nutritional epidemiological cohort study in the general population. While introducing the main dietary nutrition assessment methods, this paper manly describes the basic contents and principles for the development of food frequency questionnaire, and briefly illustrates the problems and solutions for the development of area specific food frequency questionnaires by taking the example of Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Finally, discusses preliminarily the necessity and possibility of developing a national food frequency questionnaire.

Objective: To establish, validate and promote the method of food frequency questionnaire( FFQ) in Chinese population., Methods: From 1996 to 1999, " Prospective study on diet, lifestyle and chronic diseases" was conducted, and 12 000 Chinese residents were investigated. A simplified FFQ including 17 types of foods was first established. In 1998, " Study on the characteristics of diet, nutrition and health of residents in different cuisines in China" was conducted, which surveyed 540 middle-aged and senior people in four cuisine region and a more comprehensive FFQ including 84 types of food in 16 categories was established. From 1999 to 2001, " Study on the reliability and validity of food frequency questionnaire for Chinese diet and nutritional status " was conducted, which surveyed 300 adults and the questionnaire contained 17 types and 149 kinds of food., Results: Studies above established and verified the FFQ which is suitablefor Chinese dietary characteristics and can be applied for different scales. Since 2002, the method of FFQ has been widely applied in more than 20 domestic and foreign studies for dietary evaluations, which contained national surveys and monitoring projects., Conclusion: The establishment and application of Chinese FFQ method has promoted the development of Chinese dietary assessment and established a scientific and feasible standard to assess the impacts of long-term dietary habits and nutritional status on health.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between food intake and chronic disease of Nu nationality residents living in Gongshan County in Yunnan Province., Methods: A total of 368 Nu nationality residents aged above 6 years old among 342 families( male 172, female 196) in Gongshan County in Yunnan Province were selected with stratified multistage random cluster sampling method. The condition of dietary structure and anemia, overweight or obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia among Nu nationality were obtained with food frequency questionnaire and questionnaire survey. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between food intake and chronic diseases., Results: The prevalence of anemia, overweight or obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were 16. 0%, 18. 5%, 18. 5%, 41. 3%and 53. 8% in 2016, respectively. Marital status and consumption of sugar( biscuits) in the past 12 months were related to the anemia in the Nu residents. Sex, occupation, marital status, education level and consumption of dried beans and products( soybeans)in the past 12 months were associated with hypertension among the Nu nationality population. For the Nu nationality residents, marital status, eaten cereals and products( cereals and other products) in the past 12 months, meat and meat products( fresh or frozen poultry) and sugar( bread, biscuits) food had something to do with diabetes. Sex, occupation and consumption of vegetables and products( solanaceous vegetables) over the past 12 months were linked to the prevalence of overweight or obesity. Marital status, consumption of livestock meat and products( fresh or frozen poultry) and fish( grass carp) in the past 12 months were associated with dyslipidemia among the Nu nationality residents., Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases residents can not be ignored. The main influencing factors of anemia in Nu nationality are marital status and eating sugar. Sex, occupation, marital status, education level, consumption of dried beans and products are the main influencing hypertension factors. Factors causing diabetes are marital status, cereals and products, animal meat and products and carbohydrates. The influence factors of overweight or obesity are gender, occupation, eating vegetables and products. Marital status, eating animal meat and products and fish are the factors leading to dyslipidemia.

Objective: To investigate the consumption of aquatic foods of old people in China., Methods: The elderly( 60 years or older) were from the 2010- 2012 Chinese Residents Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Their basic information were surveyed, and their consumption of aquatic foods were recorded by food frequency questionnaire., Results: The median of consumption of aquatic foods of the elderly in China was 12. 1 g / d. The60- 70 years old male subjects from metropolis had the highest consumption of aquatic foods( median: 31. 5 g / d), and the 70- 80 years old female subjects from poor rural area had the lowest consumption( median: 0. 0 g / d). The elderly whose consumption of aquatic foods were lower than recommended consumption provided over 50% of total elderly subjects in all areas and in all age groups. The factors which influenced the consumption of aquatic foods of the elderly included but not limited to education, income and concern for own health( P < 0. 01)., Conclusion: There was significant difference among consumption of aquatic foods of different old people groups, but the consumption were generally low in all old people groups. It is necessary to take measures to encourage the old people to appropriately increase the consumption of aquatic foods.