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Forage is an important material foundation for the high-quality development of animal husbandry, and studying its industrial distribution pattern is of great value in ensuring national food safety and protecting the ecological environment. Analyze the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of Chinese forage industry through industrial concentration, spatial Gini coefficient, and center of gravity model, and empirically analyze the influencing factors of Chinese forage industry development using a fixed effects model. The results indicate that the overall clustering phenomenon of Chinese forage industry is characterized by an upward-downward-upward-downward trend, with the development focus shifting from North China to the Northwest and Northeast, and the speed of center of gravity shifting is slowing down, resulting in a relatively stable development pattern. The moisture index, lighting conditions, proportion of productive land for forage, virtual variables related to forage policies, agricultural smart platforms, mechanization level, and forage microbial fermentation and storage technology can all effectively promote the development of Chinese forage industry. The per capita consumption of meat products has not had an empowering effect on the development of Chinese forage industry, natural disasters will suppress the development of Chinese forage industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Energy transition is a key path to achieving China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, and exploring the impact of energy transition on the urban-rural income gaps can provide a scientific basis for realizing equity in the transition. [Methods] Based on the panel data of 108 cities at the prefecture level and above in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, this study employed spatial analysis and fixed-effects model to analyze the characteristics of the temporal and spatial change of energy transition and urban-rural income gaps, and to reveal the correlation between the two and their regional heterogeneity of this relationship. [Results] (1) The performance level of energy transition of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an overall upward trend, and the energy transition index values of provincial capital cities has remained at a high level for a long time. At the same time, urban-rural income gaps have been narrowing year by year, showing a pattern of high in the west and low in the east. (2) The relationship between energy transition and urban-rural income gaps in cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was U-shaped. With the improvement of the performance level of energy transition, urban-rural income gaps showed the characteristic of decreasing and then increasing. (3) There was a significant difference in the relationship between energy transition and urban-rural income gaps in cities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with the upstream showing an inverted U-shaped relationship and the middle reaches showing a U-shaped relationship, and the downstream showing no significant correlation. This suggests that the energy transition paths of cities in the upstream region were gradually moving towards a fair direction, while the opposite was true in the midstream region, and that urban and rural residents in the downstream region were less sensitive to the socioeconomic effects caused by energy transition. [Conclusion] Therefore, diversified energy transition policies should be formulated in accordance with the actual development of the upstream, midstream and downstream, so as to effectively prevent the negative impacts of the transition and actively promote the just energy transition and the balanced development of urban and rural regions.

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Population aging and the digital economy are two major elements affecting socio-economic development, and it is necessary to explore how these two factors interact and affect the labor market. From the perspective of the digital economy, and based on the twostage generation overlap model, this study integrated population aging, the digital economy, and employment structure into the same framework for theoretical analysis. Based on this, this study constructed panel data from 279 cities in China from 2010 to 2019 and used the two-way fixed effect model and threshold model to test the impact of population aging on employment skill structure. The study further discussed the moderating effect of the digital economy on this impact. The findings were as follows: ① Population aging increased employment in low-skilled industries and decreased employment in medium- and high-skilled industries, resulting in a unipolar trend biased towards low-skilled industries in the employment skill structure. ② The digital economy strengthened the positive role of aging in increasing employment in medium and low-skilled industries, weakened the negative role of aging in reducing employment in high-skilled industries, and shifted the employment skill structure from single-polarization in low-skilled industries to polarization between high and low-skilled industries. ③ With the acceleration of the development of the digital economy, population aging would first affect the employment of low-skilled industries, then medium-skilled industries, and lastly high-skilled industries. ④ The digital economy mainly adjusted the influence of aging on the employment skill structure through human capital upgrading and industrial upgrading. ⑤ Heterogeneity analysis showed that the digital economy mitigated the impact of aging on the employment skill structure. Therefore, it is suggested that local governments should combine the development direction of the aging industry with the characteristics of consumer demand, rationally plan the development path of the digital economy, give full play to the new development momentum brought by the digital economy, promote the integrated development of the digital economy and aging, and mitigate the negative impact of the aging population on the employment structure. At the same time, policies should be formulated and improved to provide the corresponding childcare guarantee of the ‘three-child policy’, vigorously develop universal childcare services, slow down the deepening speed of population aging, and promote the long-term balanced development of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The allocation of land resources plays an important role in guiding and supporting industrial development, and optimizing the allocation of industrial land is important and fundamental for China to realize the green transformation of its development mode. From the perspective of combining environmental policies with the performance assessment of local leading officials, this study took the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2020 as a research sample and empirically investigated the impact of environmental target constraints on local governments' land transfers in clean-production industries and its mechanisms by using the fixed effect model, instrumental variable method, and mediation effect model, respectively. The moderating effect model was further used to analyze the moderating role of economic growth pressure and financial pressure faced by local governments. The results showed that: ① Environmental target constraints could significantly encourage local governments to increase land transfers in clean-production industries. The result remained robust after addressing potential endogeneity and performing a series of robustness tests. From the perspective of differences in land supply policies, industrial structure, and characteristics of leading officials, the promoting effect of environmental target constraints on local governments' land transfers in clean-production industries was particularly prominent in cities having sufficient land resources, whose economy was highly dependent on the industrial sector, and whose incumbent mayors were not locals or no more than 55 years old. ② The mechanism analysis revealed that environmental target constraints incentivized local governments to increase land transfers in clean-production industries by improving the intensity of environmental regulation and increasing the supervision of environmental monitoring. ③ Further research showed that economic growth pressure faced by local governments undermined the promoting effect of environmental target constraints on land transfers in clean-production industries, while financial pressure had a synergistic effect with environmental target constraints. The above conclusions indicate that the ‘strict constraint’ policies on environmental targets implemented by the central government can incentivize local governments to favor the allocation of green industries when transferring industrial lands, which provides important practical implications for China to achieve a win-win goal of environmental pollution control and resource allocation optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy, with its 'green attributes,' is considered instrumental in accelerating the low-carbon transformation of cities. However, it is still controversial whether the digital economy can effectively promote the low-carbon transformation of resourcebased cities with a single industrial structure and significant energy consumption. In view of this, this study took panel data from 111 Chinese resource-based cities from 2011 to 2020 as a sample and analyzed the impact and paths of the digital economy on the low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities using a two-way fixed-effects model, while also considering heterogeneity from the perspectives of city type and the degree of economic development. The results showed that: ① The digital economy played a significant positive role in promoting the low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities. This conclusion held when constructing Bartik instrumental variables to deal with possible endogeneity issues. Subsequent robustness tests conducted in three different ways all confirmed the robustness of this finding. ② The path analysis results revealed that reducing resource mismatch and improving labor productivity were important mechanisms through which the digital economy promoted the reduction of carbon emission intensity in resource-based cities. ③ Heterogeneity analysis showed that the low-carbon transformation effect of the digital economy was only manifested in declining and regenerating resource-based cities, while in growing and mature resource-based cities, the effect was not significant. Additionally, the low-carbon transformation effect of the digital economy was more pronounced in resource-based cities with a high degree of economic development. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the following policy recommendations are put forward: firstly, for the lowcarbon transformation of resource-based cities, the government must fully recognize and emphasize the catalytic role of the digital economy; secondly, leverage the resource allocation effect and labor production effect of the digital economy in promoting the low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities; and lastly, formulate differentiated digital economy development strategies and low-carbon transformation measures tailored to the differentiated characteristics and development conditions of resource-based cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2011-2021, the tenacity of Chinese pig feed industry chain was measured by the entropy method, and the current development situation and regional characteristics of the tenacity of pig feed industry chain were analyzed. A bidirectional fixed effect model was used to explore the influencing factors of the resilience of Chinese pig feed industry chain. The restults showed that during the research period, the toughness of Chinese pig feed industry chain rose slowly, and showed a cyclical rising trend with the appearance of pig cycle. Based on a dimensional perspective, the improvement of the resilience of Chinese pig feed industry chain mainly benefits from the effective improvement of basic strength and resistance. From a regional perspective, the most resilient pig feed industry chain in China is in sustainable production areas, followed by restricted production areas, core production areas, and finally suitable production areas. From the perspective of influencing factors, the economic development level, technological innovation level, financial development level, and transportation convenience all had a significant role in improving the toughness of Chinese pig feed industry chain. The study indicates that exploring the practical path to enhance the resilience of Chinese pig feed industry chain can provide useful reference for accelerating the construction of a new pattern of Chinese pig feed industry chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of achieving the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, mandatory corporate environmental information disclosure has begun to be implemented. According to the theory of geographical economics, the closer the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities, the more likely it is to form a 'deterrence' (the 'distance attenuation effect' of supervision costs) or a 'reliance' (the 'distance attenuation effect' of rent-seeking costs) for enterprises. Based on the data of listed companies with major pollutants from 2015 to 2020, this study empirically tested the directions and paths of the impact of the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure using fixed effects model and mediating effects model. The study showed that: 1 The closer the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities, the higher the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure, which supported the 'distance attenuation effect' hypothesis of supervision costs. 2 The impact of geographical distance on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure was realized through the intensity of supervision and monitoring at the provincial level and the intensity of law enforcement at the prefecture level. 3 The strengthening of environmental governance intensity, the improvement of regional digitalization level, and the increase in media attention suppressed the 'distance attenuation effect' of supervision costs. It is concluded that in order to achieve a balanced development of the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure in the whole region, it is necessary to strengthen environmental governance intensity, improve regional digitalization level, and increase media attention. From the perspective of geographical economics, this paper expands the influencing factors of corporate environmental information disclosure quality, enriches the theoretical practice of the 'distance attenuation effect' in geographical economics, and provides solutions and theoretical bases for promoting the balanced development of corporate environmental information disclosure quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuing to promote the development of digital inclusive finance can provide effective financial services for rural areas and accelerate the rural revitalization. Accordingly, this study built a rural revitalization evaluation index system using the provincial and municipal panel data from 2011 to 2020. The fixed effect model was used, and the urbanization development level was introduced to analyze the effect and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on rural revitalization. The research finds that digital inclusive finance has the effect of boosting rural revitalization. Moreover, the level of urbanization development plays a positive role in the digital inclusive finance to help rural revitalization. All of the three dimensions of digital inclusive finance can boost rural revitalization, but they are significantly different in effect. Compared with the central and western regions, the eastern region has a high level of economic development and its level of development in inclusive digital finance is also relatively high. Therefore, the effect of digital inclusive finance on rural revitalization and the regulatory effect of urbanization development are more significant in eastern region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between childrenJ s intergenerational support and the health of the elderly, and to provide references for improving the health of the elderly. Methods A frailty index was constructed to analyze the health status of 13 573 elderly people aged 60 and above based on the data of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 2014 to 2018). The fixed effect model was used to analyze the relationship between children, intergenerational support and the health of the elderly, and propensity matching (PSM) was used to test the robustness. Results The average frailty index was (0.149±0.108), and the daily care provided by the children had a significant effect on the health of the elderly (P<0.001). Conclusion ChildrenJ s intergenerational support has a certain protective effect on the health of the elderly, which is mainly achieved by increasing daily care, and simple economic support and emotional communication cannot improve the health level of the elderly. While giving full play to the role of intergenerational support, it is suggested to improve the public pension service system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good eco-environment is the fairest public product and most beneficial to people' s livelihood and well-being. Everyone has the right to enjoy a safe and healthy living environment; however, it is undeniable that environmental inequality has been a longterm problem. How to achieve efficiency and equity in environmental governance is an important issue to be further explored. Previous studies have mostly discussed the influencing factors of environmental inequality from the perspectives of race and income level, but few studies have explored the impact of policy instruments and their mixes on environmental inequality. To make up for this deficiency, this paper used the Williamson coefficient to measure the environmental inequality coefficient of 25 provinces and regions from 2003 to 2019, based on the data of SO2 emissions from 278 prefecture-level cities, and empirically examined the complex relationship between policy instruments and environmental inequality with the fixed effect panel model and the threshold effect model. It was found that: ① The overall provincial environmental inequality in China showed a trend of slowly decreasing and then rising, and there was obvious regional heterogeneity between the eastern, central, and western regions. In addition, there existed a mismatch phenomenon of improving environmental quality and increasing inequality. Therefore, how to improve the environmental welfare of the minority has become the focus of environmental governance. ② Command-and-control policy instruments alleviated provincial environmental inequality to some extent due to their focus on fairness and public demands, while market-based policy instruments significantly aggregated provincial environmental inequality due to their features of pursuing governance efficiency. ③ The higher the level of pollution and innovation, the better for command-and-control policy instruments to alleviate provincial environmental inequality. Market-based policy instruments would aggravate environmental inequality at a low level of pollution and a high level of innovation. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes that environmental governance should be promoted and environmental inequality should be alleviated in such aspects as paying attention to the equity of pollution distribution, designing reasonable policy mixes, and finding differentiated governance paths. This study has important implications for selecting policy instruments, improving policy-making ability, and eliminating environmental inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the entry of digital technology into government, enterprises, and society, China' s economic and social development is undergoing profound changes and transformations. The empowerment of digital technology has promoted the transformation and innovation of environmental governance models and methods, as well as the improvement of environmental regulatory efficiency. In this context, using the fixed effect model of panel data, the mediating effect model, and the spatial Durbin model, this paper empirically tested the substitution effect of the digital technology development level of 104 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2020 on the number of traditional labor environmental supervisions/inspections. This research found that: ① The application of digital technology in environmental governance could realize a 'substitution' of traditional labor supervisions, that is, with the improvement of digital technology at the local level, the frequency of the superiors' labor supervisions accepted locally would ultimately decrease. ② The 'substitution' effect of digital technology in labor supervision could be realized through the reduction of important pollutants. The application of digital technology affected the frequency of superiors' labor supervisions through the reduction effect of pollutants in the jurisdiction. ③ The 'substitution' effect of digital technology application on labor supervision showed an inverted U-shaped relationship that increased first and then decreased. The research results indicated that digital technology empowered environmental governance, greatly improving the issues of inadequate regulation, resource waste, and low efficiency and achieving improvements in regulatory efficiency and precision. This research suggests that in the digital era, enhancing the efficiency of environmental supervision requires strengthening the capacity of digital environmental supervision, promoting the scientific level of environmental supervision, continuously increasing the application of digital technology in the fields of production and regulation, promoting the transformation of industrial structure, enhancing the emission reduction effect of digital technology and the government' s ability to obtain pollution information, and utilizing the advantages of digital technology to expand the breadth and depth of public participation in environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the green economic effects of digital economy development from the dual perspective of reducing urban pollution emissions and improving urban energy efficiency is in line with the requirements of the times for a Chinese path to modernization. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of digital economy development in China based on panel data from 280 Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above from 2011 to 2019 using ArcGIS spatial analysis and adopted the fixed effects model, the difference-indifferences model, and the spatial Durbin model to test the ‘emission reduction’ and ‘efficiency enhancement’ effects of digital economy development. The results showed that: ① China’ s digital economy development as a whole showed an incremental trend, and the regional development gap was narrowing. In terms of spatial evolution pattern, the development pattern of advance zones evolved from sporadic distribution to multi-point coverage, and the number of promotion areas distributed around the advance areas gradually increased, forming a group development pattern with the advance areas. ② The development of the digital economy was conducive to reducing about 4% of urban pollution emissions and improving about 9% of urban energy efficiency, and this conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity discussions. ③ The impact of digital economy development on ‘emission reduction’ and ‘efficiency enhancement’ differed by geographical location, administrative level, and resource endowment. Among them, the digital economy development in the eastern region only enhanced efficiency but did not reduce emissions, while the digital economy development in non-eastern regions, central cities, and non-resource-based cities both reduced emissions and enhanced efficiency. ④ Industrial structure upgrading was the intermediary mechanism for ‘emission reduction’ and ‘efficiency enhancement’ of digital economy development, while human capital was only the intermediary mechanism for ‘efficiency enhancement’ of digital economy development. ⑤ The digital economy development was conducive to ‘emission reduction’ and ‘efficiency enhancement’ in a region, but through the spatial spillover effect on neighboring regions, only ‘efficiency enhancement,’ not ‘emission reduction’ was achieved. This study suggests that we should continue to strengthen the foundation of digital economy development. While being alert to the development gap between regions, we should try to improve the data element resource system, focus on cultivating versatile talents, and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, so as to help the region form a synergy for digital economy development and achieve the ‘winwin’ goal of reducing pollution emissions and improving energy efficiency for the whole society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are in an era of urban green and low-carbon transformation and digital economy motivated by the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. In this context, an in-depth discussion of the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions has become an important topic. Using the urban panel data from 2011 to 2019, this study measured the development level of the digital economy based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method and empirically analyzed the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions and its mechanism by using the two-way fixed effect model ae and the mediation effect model. The results showed that: 1 The impact of digital economy development on urban carbon emissions had an inverted U-shaped characteristic of increasing first and then decreasing; that is, it had an 'accelerator' effect in the early stage and a 'speed bump' effect in the later stage. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion still held. 2 Mechanism inspection found that the development of the digital economy showed a nonlinear impact on carbon emissions, with a characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing by affecting energy consumption and promoting green technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading. 3 Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions showed significant differences due to differences in economic development levels, resource endowments, and administrative levels. 4 There was a significant spatial correlation between carbon emissions among Chinese cities, and the spatial spillover effect of the digital economy on carbon emissions in the economy and geographically adjacent cities presented an inverted U-shaped feature. This study theoretically reveals the impact of the digital economy on the effects and mechanisms of urban carbon emissions. Based on this conclusion, while strengthening the digital economy to empower traditional industries to save energy and reduce emissions, all regions must improve their own energy utilization efficiency, create a more ecological digital economy development model, and promote the intensive transformation of low-carbon industries through industrial digitization and digital industrialization. They must also rely on regional resource endowments, urban administrative levels, and economic development to accelerate the coordinated development of digitalization and green and low-carbon development in different types of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in the process of urban development. However, most existing research on urban sprawl is limited to an intra-regional perspective, with few studies analyzing the impact of urban sprawl on regional collaborative development from an intercity perspective. In order to fill this gap, this study first elaborated on the nonlinear impact mechanism of urban sprawl on coordinated regional development and the two-dimensional transmission mechanism of innovation network connectivity. Then, the efficiency value-added model, double fixed effect panel model, and intermediary effect model were comprehensively used to calculate and analyze the coordinated regional development level and overall convergence between two pairs of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (11 556 pairs of cities) from 2006 to 2019. Finally, the study empirically tested the direct mechanism of urban sprawl on coordinated regional development and the two-dimensional transmission mechanism of innovation network connectivity. The results showed that: 1 From 2006 to 2019, the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole presented a coordinated regional development pattern with the 'downstream area and central cities leading the overall situation and the middle reaches and adjacent cities partially stabilizing.' The gap at the level of coordinated regional development between the whole, sub-regions, and adjacent cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt gradually narrowed, and there was an absolute β Convergence. However, the level of coordinated regional development between central cities was still expanding, and there was no absolute β Convergence. 2 The impact of urban sprawl on coordinated regional development presented an inverted 'U' shape; that is, when the level of urban sprawl reached a certain threshold, it showed an inhibitory effect on coordinated regional development. After a series of robustness tests, this relationship remained significant. 3 The impact of urban sprawl on the interregional innovation element connection and the interregional innovation division presented an inverted 'U' shape and drove coordinated regional development by influencing the interregional innovation element connection and the interregional innovation division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agricultural insurance can resist risks, ensure agricultural production and operation, boost the agricultural economy, help modern agricultural development, and affect agricultural income. Based on the panel data of China’ s provincial agricultural insurance from 2007 to 2019, this study used the two-way fixed effect model and multiple intermediary effect model to analyze the ‘hematopoietic’ income-increasing effect of agricultural insurance from three aspects: development scale, guarantee level, and compensation level, and carried out endogenous treatment and regional heterogeneity analysis. Meanwhile, based on the perspective of helping the development of modern agriculture and considering the five dimensions of agricultural production scale, mechanization, technology, specialization, and green development, this study used the multiple intermediary effect model to investigate the ‘hematopoietic’ income-increasing mechanism of agricultural insurance affecting agricultural income. The results showed that: ① Agricultural insurance could promote the improvement of agricultural income and had the effect of ‘hematopoietic’ income increase. The compensation level had the greatest impact on agricultural income, which was 8.869%, followed by the guarantee level, which was 4.444%, and the development scale was the weakest, at 0.016%. ② Improving the scale, mechanization, specialization, and green development of agricultural production were effective ways for the development of agricultural insurance to achieve ‘hematopoietic’ income growth, but for the agricultural insurance guarantee level and compensation level, enlarging the scale and improving the mechanization of agricultural production were the only effective ways to increase income. The low guarantee level and compensation level inhibited the intermediary transmission mechanism in the process of agricultural modernization and increasing agricultural income. ③ The role of agricultural insurance in increasing agricultural income was mainly reflected in China’ s mid-western regions, while in the eastern region, agricultural insurance failed to play a ‘hematopoietic’ role in the process of agricultural modernization and increasing agricultural income. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize insurance contracts to effectively improve the benefit of insurance compensation, enhance the directionality of agricultural insurance policies to help farmers engage in agricultural modernization, and implement multi-level differentiated security measures to meet the needs of heterogeneous risk protection, so as to promote the high-quality development of agricultural insurance, agricultural modernization, and rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the land tenure system is a powerful measure to reduce farmers’ cropland abandonment, but the relevant empirical research is relatively scarce. Based on the panel data of China Rural Household Panel Survey in 2017 and 2019, this study took the new round of land certification as an example to empirically examine the impact of land tenure security on farmers’ cropland abandonment behavior, using the panel two-way fixed effect model. The study showed that: ① Land tenure security had a significant inhibitory effect on farmers’ cropland abandonment behavior and was helpful to strengthen the protection of land quantity. Compared with the farmers who had not completed the new round of land certification, the probability of cropland abandonment was about 3% lower for those who had. ② Land tenure security affected farmers’ cropland abandonment behavior mainly through promoting land transfer and increasing long-term investment. Transferring land allowed land to be reused, reducing unnecessary idleness, while long-term investment could increase soil fertility and reduce the abandonment of marginal land. ③ After considering land tenure security before certification, the new round of land certification mainly had positive effects on farmers who did not have land contracts or land certificates before, but there were certain negative effects on farmers who had those. ④ To accurately identify the policy effects of the new round of land certification, it is necessary to distinguish the time of land certification and consider the security of land tenure in the past. If the time of land certification is not distinguished, the role of the new round of land certification can be overestimated. If the security of land tenure in the past is not considered, the role of the new round of land certification can be underestimated. Based on the above conclusions, it is suggested that in the future, the reform of land tenure should be promoted from the definition of property rights to the implementation of property rights, and the ‘Land contract + Land certificate’ dual guarantee system should be established, and the possible adverse effects caused by excessive land tenure security should be prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking the Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2020 as the original sample, this study tested the relationship between information transparency, media attention and corporate performance through the fixed effect model. In addition, it also explored the mediating role of media attention between information transparency and corporate performance, and it further analyzed the heterogeneity of the adjustment effect under different property rights. The results show that: the increase in information transparency and media attention is conducive to the improvement of corporate performance; media attention has effectively strengthened the role of information transparency in improving corporate performance; among enterprises of different property rights, media attention plays a more active role in non-state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——The sustainable development of national economy requires forest products processing industry to improve total factor productivity(TFP).China is the emerging economy with the largest inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). Foreign direct investment plays a vital role in China's forest products processing industry which is undergoing industrial transformation and upgrading. ⑵ Methods——Based on the micro-panel data of China's forest products processing enterprises from 1999 to 2013 collated from China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper establishes a fixed effect model to empirically test the impact of foreign direct investment on the total factor productivity of China's forest products processing enterprises and the impact of spillover effect of foreign direct investment on China's forest products processing industry. ⑶ Results——First, FDI has a negative impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises. For every 1% increase of FDI received by the enterprises, the TFP of the enterprises decreases by 4.2%. In the forests product processing industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry decreased by 0.03% when the total FDI increased by 1%. Second, whether FDI comes from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan or not has different direct impacts and spillover effects on China's forest products processing industry. For every 1% increase of FDI of the enterprises, the TFP decreases by 8.4%. FDI from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan has a significant negative crowding-out effect on the TFP of all enterprises in China's forest products processing industry. For every 1% increase of FDI in the industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry decreases by 0.05%.FDI from other countries or regions has a significant positive impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises. For every 1% increase of FDI of the enterprises, the TFP increases by 0.7%. For every 1% increase of FDI in the industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry increases by 0.01%. Third, the results analyzed based on the analysis of different industries, different regions, different types of enterprises and different proportions of foreign investment show that the impact of FDI on TFP of China's forest products processing industry is different. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——FDI has a negative impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises in general. Based on this, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, the government should not blindly rely on FDI, formulate more prudent foreign investment introduction policies, and cautiously expand the use of foreign investment scale. Second, we should pay attention to the investigation of the sources of foreign investment and focus on introducing FDI from relevant countries and regions with advantages in forest products processing technologies. Third, the government and enterprises should shift from competition to cooperation, examine the purposes and modes of foreign investment, and introduce more “friendly” foreign investment. Fourth, the government and enterprises should fully consider the differences between industries, regions and enterprises in the process of introducing foreign investment. The introduction of foreign investment should consider the development stages and rules of different industries, the international competitiveness of local industries and the technological gaps between them and the developed countries, and the characteristics of the enterprises themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has entered a critical period for the improvement of the quality of the ecological environmental from quantitative change to qualitative change. Taking the synergy of air pollution and carbon reduction as the starting point and strengthening the coordinated control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants are of profound significance to the achievement of China' s goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality and the promotion of high-quality development and the Beautiful China Initiative. The synergy between greenhouse gases and air pollutants has always been an academic focus, but there are few empirical studies on the impact mechanism of synergistic performance of air pollution and carbon reduction at the municipal level. Therefore, this study collected the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration goals and economic growth goals from 278 cities in China between 2004 and 2020. PM2.5 and CO2 were selected as representative variables to measure the synergistic performance of air pollution and carbon reduction. By constructing an analytical framework of ' goal setting-structural effect-synergistic performance,' this study first empirically analyzed the impact of environmental and economic goals on the synergistic performance of air pollution and carbon reduction and its regional heterogeneity by using the fixed effect model, and then tested the intermediary effect of the adjustment of energy structure, industrial structure, and transportation structure. Finally, different pollutants were used to measure the synergistic performance to examine the sensitivity of regression results. The results showed that: (1) The environmental and economic goal-settings had a significant impact on the synergistic performance of air pollution and carbon reduction. PM2.5 and PM10 concentration goals were positively correlated with the synergistic performance, while the economic growth goal was negatively correlated with the synergistic performance. (2) The environmental goals could improve the synergistic performance of air pollution and carbon reduction through energy structure adjustment and the upgrading of industrial structures, but the intermediary effect of transportation structure adjustment was not significant. (3) In terms of regional heterogeneity, the positive impact of environmental goals on the synergistic performance was significant in China's central region, but not in the eastern and western regions, and the negative impact of economic goals on the synergistic performance was significant in the eastern and western regions, but not in the central region. (4) Using different pollutants to measure the synergistic performance, the study found that the above regression results were sensitive to different pollutants. The results showed that goal settings were an important driving force for the coordinated control of air pollutants and carbon dioxide. Governments should take spatial heterogeneity and key controlled pollutants into account to identify efficient structural emission reduction paths to improve their synergistic performance. Based on the above conclusions, it is proposed to promote the synergy of air pollution and carbon reduction by strengthening target synergy, guiding economic quality competition, implementing differentiated collaborative governance, and enhancing assessment synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world' s largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, China faces a serious situation in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, China' s digital economy is still developing rapidly. In order to explore how the development of the digital economy affects energy consumption and CO2 emissions, this paper took the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019 as a sample, used the entropy method to analyze the digital economy level of each province, and built a double fixed effect model to empirically analyze the 'positive U-shaped' or 'inverted U-shaped' relationship between the digital economy and energy or between the digital economy and CO2 emissions. The results showed that: (1) There were inter-provincial and regional differences in the level of digital economy in China. Guangdong Province and China' s eastern region had the highest level of digital economy, while Qinghai Province and the western region had the lowest level of digital economy. (2) Both the digital economy and ECSC and the digital economy and CESC had significant ' positive U-shaped' relationships, while the digital economy and ECST, the digital economy and ECEF, and the digital economy and CEEF all had significant 'inverted U-shaped' relationships. The energy-saving effect of the development of the digital economy was greater than the carbon emission reduction effect. (3) There was heterogeneity in the nonlinear relationship between the digital economy and ECSC, ECST, and ECEF, the digital economy and CESC, and CEEF in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. (4) Digital infrastructure, digital innovation environment, digital user scale, and digital industry scale had different nonlinear effects on ECSC, ECST, and ECEF, as well as on CESC and CEEF. Accordingly, to provide empirical support and a theoretical basis for China's development of the digital economy while taking into account the effects of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction, this study puts forward relevant policy suggestions from three aspects: narrowing the gap in the level of digital economy, formulating digital economy development policies, and focusing on key points for the development of the digital economy. These suggestions are also conducive to boosting China's goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Accurate railway freight volume forecasting can improve the efficiency of railway freight organization and railway logistics planning. First of all, current researches on factors affecting railway freight volume are analyzed the and the changes in factors affecting railway freight volume under the new situation are discussed. Secondly, the methods applied in railway freight volume forecasting are divided into two categories: traditional forecasting methods based on statistics and intelligent forecasting methods based on machine learning, and their application analysis is carried out, focusing on the comparison and sorting of the improvement methods, improvement principle, improvement effects and applicable scenarios of intelligent prediction methods. The areas that need further research on railway freight volume forecasting are discussed from three aspects of the improvement of a single model in data preprocessing, parameter selection and structural optimization, the construction and improvement of combined forecasting models under the influence of uncertain and dynamic factors, and the realization of railway freight volume forecasting with massive, high-dimensional and heterogeneous data. Finally, based on the research status and development characteristics, the potential research hotspots and difficulties in railway freight volume forecasting are pointed out so as to provide a certain reference for railway freight organization and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Meta-analysis on the effects of endurance and strength training on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), vertical jump and upper and lower limb strength (1RM) of different populations, so as to propose the optimal exercise intervention plan. METHODS: CNKI, PubMed, WanFang, and Web of Science were retrieved from their inception to October 2020. Review Manager 5.4 was used for analyzing the overall effect, heterogeneity, and publication bias using the fixed effect model and random effect model. Finally 15 foreign language documents involving 409 subjects were included and analyzed from different angles. RESULTS: Concurrent endurance and strength training could improve the maximum oxygen uptake, but was relatively inferior to the traditional endurance training. Concurrent endurance and strength training had no significant effect on the overall strength of the upper and lower limbs. The combined effect size of leg lift, leg flexion and extension, and squat and its 95% confidence interval were 8.47 [-3.95, 20.88], 2.46 [-11.34, 9.73], -0.81 [-2.72, 7.64] (P > 0.1). Concurrent endurance and strength training had certain but no significant effect on vertical jump (mean difference=0.44, 95% confidence interval [-0.97,1.85], P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Concurrent endurance and strength training can improve the body’s maximum oxygen uptake. In sports training, compared with the traditional endurance or strength training alone, concurrent endurance and strength training can maintain the body strength level, while developing other basic qualities such as endurance. Therefore, concurrent endurance and strength training has better benefits for physical fitness compared with strength or endurance training alone. Moreover, concurrent endurance and strength training has less impact on explosive force and overall strength, which can achieve the best results based on an 8-12 week training cycle and 2-3 times per week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technological innovation is the strategic support to improve social productivity and comprehensive national strength, and human resources are the first resource. The fixed effects model was used to empirically test the impact of trade openness and the advancement of human capital structure on technological innovation. The study found that trade opening and advancement of human capital structure are significant factors that promote technological innovation capabilities. The influence of innovation ability is greater. The results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that the impact of trade opening and the advancement of human capital structure on technological innovation will vary depending on the geographical location. Therefore, my country should adopt a more proactive trade opening policy and talent training strategy, and create a good atmosphere for technological innovation to enhance the overall level of technological innovation capabilities, further enhance comprehensive national strength, and enhance international status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background--At present, there are abundant research results on the reform of collective forest property rights system. However, the impact of specific measures of the reform of collective forestry property rights system on the gross output value of forestry is not discussed. ⑵ Methods--The research data were obtained from 30 sample counties in Fujian, Hunan and Liaoning provinces (10 sample counties in each province) from 2010 to 2017 about the reform of collective forestry property rights system. First, the fixed effect model was used to explore the correlation between nine variables and gross output value of forestry, so as to find out the variables that had significant influence on gross output value of forestry. Then the grey correlation model was used to analyze the impact of the forestry primary, secondary and tertiary industries on the gross output value of forestry. (3) Results--Among the variables of the reform of collective forestry property rights system, forest land circulation area, forest insurance area and the number of cooperatives have a significant positive impact on the gross output value of forestry. In the forestry industry structures, forestry primary and secondary industries have the greatest impact on the gross output value of forestry. The forestry secondary industry in Fujian Province has gradually replaced the primary industry and become the leading industry affecting the gross output value of forestry, and has become the pillar industry of many local forestry economy. The forestry tertiary industry in three provinces develops slowly and its influence is limited. Specifically speaking, the forestry tertiary industry in Fujian Province develops relatively well. From 2010 to 2017, the grey correlation degrees between forestry tertiary industry and gross output value of forestry in Pingnan County in Fujian Province are 1. 0000, 0. 9975, 0. 9314, 0.8389, 0.7496, 0. 7041, 0.6540 and 0.6151, respectively. The forestry tertiary industry has become the leading industry of the local forestry economy. So is in Cili County in Hunan Province. The gross output value of forestry in Liaoning Province still depends too much on the primary industry, followed by the secondary industry, and the tertiary industry has the least impact. Conclusions and Discussions--First, promote the marketization construction of forestland circulation, improve the information services for property rights transaction, make full use of the market trading platform, and steadily expand the forest land circulation area. Second, improve the systematic forest insurance mechanism, implement various work of premium subsidies in the larger area of forest land, improve the ability of forest farmers to withstand the risk of natural disasters. Third, strengthen the construction of the forestry public service system with the forestry specialized cooperatives as the main body, and strengthen the training of forest farmers and the promotion of forest product brands with cooperatives as the platform. Fourth, realize the transformation and upgrading of forestry industry as soon as possible and increase the added value of forest products. Consolidate the foundation position of the forestry primary industry, increase the proportion of the secondary industry in the forestry industry, further improve management, protect the natural ecological environment of forest regions, and standardize the development of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profound changes in the field of information technology have effectively promoted the rapid development of digital fi⁃ nance and the transformation of the economic development mode by expanding the coverage and penetration of financial services. In the context of the green transformation of China' s development mode, the impact of this new financial model on green development and its mechanism need to be further studied. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, this article empirically tested the re⁃ lationship between digital finance and green development by using measurement methods such as the interactive fixed effect model, the intermediary effect model, and the dynamic panel threshold model. The results showed that: ① The improvement of the development level of digital finance had a significant role in promoting green development. This conclusion was still valid after being tested by ro⁃ bustness methods such as the instrumental variable method, System GMM and the substitution variable method. In terms of impact di⁃ mension, the promotion effect of digital finance on green development was mainly achieved by improving the coverage and digitization degree, while the impact of use depth was not significant. ② Digital finance could stimulate innovation vitality, drive the improvement of regional innovation ability, and realize green development by reducing the transaction cost and financing efficiency of innovation sub⁃ jects. At the same time, digital finance 'empowered' green finance to improve quality and efficiency, improve the efficiency of green services, reduce the cost of green services, and monitor the flow of funds, so as to promote green development. ③ Further research showed that the relationship between digital finance and green development in China did not show the inverted U-shaped characteris⁃ tics of Environmental Kuznets curve, but its green effect showed a decreasing trend with the improvement of regional development level, and this promotion effect also showed the inclusive characteristics of inclusive growth in spatial distribution. At the same time, more sound financial supervision measures would also help digital finance play its role in promoting green development. Therefore, promoting the development of digital finance, improving relevant policies and measures, and giving full play to the green growth effect of digital fi⁃ nance will help to accelerate the green transformation of development mode and finally achieve high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid and disorderly expansion of urban construction land has led to a lot of carbon emissions, which has intensified the contradiction between land use and low-carbon development. Land leasing marketization is a comprehensive means to reflect the government' s will and market allocation. Whether it can balance the economic and environmental benefits of the development and utilization of construction land has become an important issue with the characteristics of the times. This study empirically examined the impact and multiple mechanisms of land leasing marketization on carbon emissions and further analyzed the long-term effects in terms of the actual situations. Industrial structure rationalization and upgrading were employed as the mediating variables. Based on the panel data from 2003 to 2019 that covered 30 provinces in China, the double fixed effect model and parallel multiple mediation model were used in this study. The results showed that: ① Land leasing marketization had a significant and robust inhibitory effect on carbon emissions. Every increasing unit of land leasing marketization reduced carbon emissions by 0.243 units. ② Land leasing marketization indirectly inhibited carbon emissions to varying degrees by accelerating the rationalization and upgrading the quality of industrial structures as well as restraining the quantity imbalance of them. All three dimensions showed significant partial mediating effects. Specifically, land leasing marketization promoted the rationalization of industrial structures most obviously, while the quality of upgrading was more effective in reducing carbon emissions. ③ Carbon emissions had a significant inertia effect. An increase of one unit of carbon emissions in the previous period reduced carbon emissions in the current period by 0.399 units. Meanwhile, the effect of land leasing marketization on industrial structure adjustment and carbon emission reduction was dynamic and continuous. In the long run, marketization of land leasing can still significantly inhibit carbon emissions through direct effects and indirect effects of mediating variables. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to continuously promote land leasing marketization continuously. A flexible and forward-looking market mechanism should be established to facilitate the horizontal matching between land and industry, as well as the vertical improvement of industrial structures towards energy conservation and emission reduction, so as to establish a long-term mechanism for carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the paper was to introduce the relative risk analysis method of g×2×2 table data and the calculation method based on SAS software. The contents included the following aspects： firstly， the homogeneity test of the data in the g×2×2 table was performed； secondly， when the data met the homogeneity requirements， the point estimation and confidence interval estimation of the common relative risk based on the correction method were implemented； thirdly， when the data did not meet the requirements of homogeneity， the common relative risk RRDL and its 95% confidence interval were estimated， based on the DerSimonian-Laird method （DL method for short）； fourthly， when the data met and did not meet the requirements of homogeneity， the hypothesis of "whether the common relative risk equals to 1" was tested. Combining two examples and based on SAS software， the paper completed the following three tasks： ① the homogeneity test for the relative risk； ② the point estimation of the common relative risk； ③the confidence interval estimation of the common relative risk. The last two tasks were performed under the conditions of the data met and did not meet the homogeneity requirements， respectively. The output results of SAS software were explained， and the statistical and professional conclusions were made.

Since China put forward its carbon neutrality goal, the issue of environmental governance has attracted increasing attention. When strengthening the supervision of enterprise pollution sources, environmental regulators often ignore the impact of zombie enterprises on environmental investment by normal enterprises. Taking China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as research samples, this paper collected and analyzed the data of their environmental investment, and used the fixed effect model to explore the impact of the proportion of zombie companies in the industry on the environmental investment of normal companies and such impact's heterogeneity and mechanism. The results of this study showed that the proportion of zombie enterprises in the industry delivered a significant negative impact on the environmental investment of normal enterprises in the same industry by the following internal mechanism: Firstly, a higher proportion of zombie enterprises would exacerbate the financing constraints faced by normal enterprises and result in difficulties with their fund-raising, finally leading to the decline in environmental investment. The mediating effect of financing constraints was 13.97%. Secondly, the existence of zombie enterprises would distort the fair competition in the market, lead to vicious price competition and lower the profitability of normal enterprises, thus thwarting the environmental protection investment by normal enterprises. The mediating effect of profitability was 14.26%. Further research demonstrated that in the sample of non-state-owned enterprises, low-social-responsibility enterprises and heavily polluting enterprises, the negative effects of zombie enterprises on normal corporate environmental investment were more obvious. In the robustness test, the regression results were proved to be robust by different levels, different zombie enterprise identification methods and the measurement methods of enterprise environmental protection investment. Among them, the proportion of zombie enterprises in an individual province had a significant negative effect on the environmental investment of normal enterprises in the same province, showing that such negative impact existed not only at the industrial level, but also at the provincial level. Therefore, governments should pay attention to the negative impact of the existence of zombie enterprises on the environmental investment of normal enterprises, adhere to the principle of environmental regulation neutrality and establish a multi-level and diversified financial system. This approach can eliminate the policy environment on which zombie enterprises rely in their survival and gradually form a new pattern for steady economic growth and an increasingly perfect environment. From the perspective of dealing with zombie enterprises, this study provides some policy suggestions on improving environmental protection investment by normal enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Increasing systematic reviews of acupuncture treatment for periarthritis of shoulder indicate that acupuncture treatment has better efficacy than western medicine. However, the methodological quality of these systematic reviews and the differences in efficacy between different acupuncture therapies are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methodological quality of systematic reviews regarding acupuncture therapy for periarthritis of shoulder and to compare the efficacy of different acupuncture therapies in treating periarthritis of the shoulder. METHODS: A total of seven electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews regarding different acupuncture therapies for periarthritis of the shoulder, from inception to December 28, 2019. The AMSTAR2 instrument was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included systematic reviews. The eligible randomized controlled trial (RCTs) were selected from the included systematic reviews and updated RCTs from the above systematic reviews to December 28, 2019. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for the risk of bias of the included RCTs. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model, and network meta-analysis of the included RCTs were performed the frequentist framework. All data analyses were completed in Stata 14.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thirty-four qualified RCTs (n=3 098) were included from five critically low-quality systematic reviews and updated RCTs. Five interventions were ranked based on the ranking probability in the network meta-analysis. Compared with western medicine, warm acupuncture [odds ratio (OR)=1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.15, 1.39)] has the highest possibility to improve the symptoms of periarthritis of the shoulder, followed by thermo-sensitive moxibustion [OR=1.26, 95%CI (1.15, 1.39)], electroacupuncture [OR=1.21, 95%CI (1.10, 1.33)], filiform needle [OR=1.21, 95%CI (1.01, 1.24)]. In terms of visual analogue scale score, compared with western medicine, thermo-sensitive moxibustion [OR=0.12, 95%CI (0.03, 0.46)] had the highest possibility of reducing visual analogue scale score followed by warm acupuncture [OR=0.28, 95%CI (0.11, 0.75)] and electroacupuncture [OR=0.34, 95%CI (0.12, 0.96)]. Considering the pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analysis of this study, among the four acupuncture therapies included, thermo-sensitive moxibustion and warm acupuncture can be considered as a complementary alternative to the treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder. However, given the critically low methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and poor reporting risk bias of RCTs, more rigorous design and standardized reporting are needed to further demonstrate the reliability of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is an important agrarian policy, its policy effect has been widely concerned by scholars. However, very few studies have discussed the spatiotemporal difference, agricultural machinery types difference and endogeneity of subsidy’s policy effect. The purpose of the present study is to make policy effect evaluation more accurately, and analyze the spatiotemporal difference and agricultural machinery types difference of policy effect. Different from existing studies, the present study uses a large sample collected from 15 089 observations in 3 287 households at 18 provinces from 2008 to 2018 by China agriculture research system (rapeseed) farmer fixed observation point and employs unbalance panel fixed effect model, panel high-dimensional fixed effects model, Box-Cox model, quantile regression model to calculate the differential policy effects between different year, topographic regions and types of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment. In addition, instrumental variables fixed-effects panel-data models, Tobit fixed-effects panel-data models and Heckman sample selection models were used for the robust test. The result showed that 1) On the whole, agricultural machinery purchase subsidy had an obvious incentive effect, effectively promote farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment, the marginal effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment was 2.530 8. 2) The effect of subsidies varies significantly between plain and non-plain areas. Subsidy’s marginal effect in plain county was 1.408 5, subsidy’s marginal effect in hill and mountain county was 3.108 2. Subsidy policy was more effective in hill and mountain areas. 3) Generally, subsidy’s incentive effect fluctuated significantly between the years, crowding-out effect was showed in some years. The number of years in which the policy effect declined from the previous year was equal to the number of years in which it rosed from the previous year. 4) On the whole, the subsidy effect was enhanced with the increase of the value of agricultural machinery, and the policy effect was higher for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery. Accordingly, this paper suggested that: 1) In the future, agricultural machinery purchase subsidy should continue to implement. 2) Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy should tilt appropriately to non-plain areas and large and medium-sized agricultural machinery continually. Appropriate R&D subsidies can be given to agricultural machinery production enterprises to research and develop large and advanced machines and suit machines which used in hilly and mountainous areas. Encourage local governments to include large and advanced machines and machines which was suitable used in hilly and mountainous areas into the new agricultural machinery subsidy pilot catalogue timely. Accelerate the transformation and application for new machine products. 3) Adjust or improve the subsidy mode according to the implementation situation and agricultural mechanization development situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of parameter redundancy and unclear signal change degree in the online evaluation of jamming effect by radar reconnaissance signals, a parameter selection and feature representation method of radar jamming effect online evaluation is proposed. Firstly, for multi-function maritime radar signals, information entropy is used to screen wildly varying parameters. The box dimension and Pearson correlation coefficients are then used to extract the signal variation characteristics. Finally, the support vector machine is used to evaluate the jamming effect of unknown threats. Simulation experiments show that the new method evaluation accuracy is higher than 92%, when the deviation error of the signal parameter is less than 10%, which significantly improves the reliability of online evaluation of radar jamming effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The risk factors of surgical site infection after spinal surgery are diverse and complex. At present, there is still a great controversy on the study of the risk factors of postoperative infection of spine. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the independent risk factors of surgical site infection after spinal surgery, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of surgical site infection. METHODS: Between January 2004 and June 2019, the Chinese and foreign databases were retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we collected case-control and cohort studies on independent risk factors for surgical site infection after surgery. After extraction of available data, independent risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, history of surgery) for the merger OR value and 95%CI were calculated by using the fixed effect model and random effect model for meta-analysis. The consistency of the results was compared. The reliability of the merge result was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 19 articles were included, with 1 008 cases of surgical site infection, and the control group contained 7 527 cases. (2) The independent risk factors for merger OR value (95%CI) from high to low in turn were diabetes (OR=3.24, 95%CI: 2.09-5.02), obesity (OR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.77-5.05), surgical history (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.79-2.50), hypertension (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.34-2.69), and smoking (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.39-2.48). (3) Results indicated that diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking and surgical history are all independent risk factors for the occurrence of surgical site infection after spinal surgery, and each independent risk factor is positively correlated with the occurrence of surgical site infection after spinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the association between maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and Weipu Database were searched for the articles on the association between maternal alcohol consumption and congenital heart disease in offspring. These articles were published up to November 30, 2019. A random effects model or a fixed effects model was used for the pooled analysis of the results of each study, and then the pooled effective value and its 95%CI were calculated. A subgroup analysis was performed to explore heterogeneous regulators. Funnel plots and an Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Results A total of 4 409 articles were searched, and 55 articles were finally included in this analysis, among which there were 6 cohort studies and 49 case-control studies. The Meta analysis showed heterogeneity across all studies (I2=74%, P<0.01). The random effects model showed that maternal alcohol consumption was associated with CHD in offspring, with an OR of 1.18 (95%CI: 1.09-1.28). The Egger's test showed a certain degree of publication bias (P<0.05), and after adjustment, the pooled OR of CHD in offspring was 1.10 (95%CI: 1.01-1.21). Conclusions Maternal alcohol consumption may increase the risk of CHD in offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Current studies have shown that ultrasound-guided paravertebrospinal nerve block widely used has a significant effect in the clinical treatment of thoracolumbar zoster-associated pain. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safely of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block in the treatment of thoracolumbar zoster-associated pain and to provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: We searched relevant literature in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The limit of searching time was from inception until January 1, 2019. Randomized controlled trials addressing ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block (experimental group) versus drug therapy (control group) for the treatment of acute zoster-associated pain or postherpetic neuralgia were collected according to the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Literature quality was assessed according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 bias risk assessment tool. The literature data were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software through a Meta-analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 916 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block group had better analgesic effect and the optimal analgesic effect appeared within 1-4 weeks. A random effects model was then used [1st week: mean difference (MD)=-0.91, 95% confidence interval (Cn (-1.22, -0.61), P < 0.000 01; 2nd week: MD=-1.11, 95%C/ (-1.52, -0.70), P < 0.000 01; 3rd week: MD=-1.26, 95%C/ (-1.79, -0.74), P < 0.000 01; 4th week: MD=-0.90, 95%C/ (-1.57, -0.24), P=0.007]. At the same time, the quality of sleep and the effective rate of treatment were improved, and a fixed effects model was used [odds ratio=3.63, 95%C/ (2.38, 5.53), P< 0.000 01]. The statistical results showed significant difference. There was no increase in post-treatment adverse reactions. Therefore, ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block is safe and effective for the treatment of zoster-associated pain in the thoracolumbar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to explore the spatial spillover effect and regional differences of direct rebound effect， the measurement model of direct rebound effect has been improved based on the spatial measurement method， and the empirical analysis has been conducted on the basis of spatial panel data of Chinese urban residents’ electricity consumption. It is found that there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the direct rebound effect. Ignoring the spatial spillover effect will confuse the impact of energy efficiency improvement in urban residents’ power consumption on local and neighboring regions. Owing to the difference between the local and global spillover effect， the government should pay much attention to the scope of the energy efficiency policy to reach its full potential. The direct rebound effect and spatial spillover effect of urban residents’ electricity have few differences in the eastern， central and western regions， and they are steady at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]