Search

[Objective] To explore the influence of density and fertilizer ratio on the yield and their interaction, and screen out the scientific dense fertilizer level, so as to provide theoretical basis and practical experience for the standardized cultivation of Alisma plantago-aquatica. [Method] The effect function of density, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the yield of Alisma plantago-aquatica was established by using four-factor and five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design for field experiment. [Result] The quadratic regression equation R² was 0.9097, and the mathematical model was reliable. The effect of each factor on the yield of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. was in the order of density>N>K>P, and the interaction effect between density and fertilizer was significant. According to the optimization of statistical frequency, the optimal agronomic measures for the target yield of diarrhea greater than 3 300 kg/hm² were obtained as follows: the density was 146 900-150 800 plants/hm², nitrogen 219.10-234.50 kg/hm², phosphorus 124.80-150.00 kg/hm² and potassium 152.55179.55 kg/hm². [Conclusion] Both reasonable density and fertilizer application amount can effectively increase the yield of Alisma plantagoaquatica Linn. Density is the best, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium and phosphate fertilizer have less effect on increasing production. On the basis of ensuring density and nitrogen fertilizer, combining with reasonable phosphate and potassium fertilizer can achieve the goal of high yield of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to investigate the suitable water-fertilizer combination pattern for selenium melon grown under drip irrigation in the arid zone of central Ningxia. [Method] The local main cultivar "Jincheng 5" was used as the test material, and three irrigation gradients and three fertilizer levels were set up, with a total of nine treatments, to determine the growth indexes of selenium squash, fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters, yields and quality indexes of selenium squash under different treatments. The key indexes were screened by principal component analysis to evaluate the combined effects of irrigation volume and fertilizer application on the indexes of selenium melon. [Result] The results show that irrigation volume, fertilizer application rate, and water-fertilizer interaction effect all affected the yield and quality of selenium melon to different degrees, and the water-fertilizer interaction effect was higher than that of irrigation volume and fertilizer application rate. The W2F2 treatment significantly increased the yield of selenium melon, the content of central and marginal soluble solids, reduced the middle and marginal differences, and made the selenium melon sweetness uniform, which improved the taste and quality of selenium melon. Based on the principal component analysis, 12 indicators of quality index, yield, irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer bias productivity were converted into 2 independent composite indicators, whose cumulative contribution was as high as 89.244%. The W2F2 treatment had the highest composite score of water-fertilizer coupling effect. [Conclusion] The suitable water-fertilizer combination pattern for selenium melon in the central arid zone of Ningxia was an irrigation watering rate of 210 m³/hm² and a fertilizer application rate of 300 kg/hm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Prolonged drought followed by flooding is a phenomenon facing rice production in Southern China. This paper investigates the efficacy of fertilization and oxygenation in mitigating rice yield reduction induced by a rapid shift from drought to flooding. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in pots, with the locally grown late rice variety Yexiangyouhang 1 573 used as the model plant. The severity of drought was mimicked by controlling the soil water content at a percentage of the field capacity, and the flooding was mimicked by keeping a water level on the soil surface; oxygenation was to dissolve oxygen into the irrigation water. Conventional irrigation and fertilization used locally was taken as the control. All treatments considered a single shift from drought to flooding, and they differed only in drought and flooding severity. A quadratic regression model was used to describe the relationship between rice yield and the four factors, with model coefficients being estimated by the quadratic saturated D-optimal design. 【Result】 ① The effect of a single factor on the rice yield was ranked in the order of: flooding > oxygenation > fertilization > drought. The two-factor effect on the rice yield was ranked in the order of: oxygenation -fertilization > drought-oxygenation > drought-flooding > drought-fertilization > flooding-oxygenation > flooding-fertilization. A light drought can improve the efficacy of oxygenation and fertilization in mitigating the yield reduction, but severe drought and flooding substantially reduced the rice yield. ② With the increase in drought and fertilization, rice yield increased first and then declined; increasing flooding severity led to a yield reduction; increasing oxygenation increased yield. ③ Optimization calculation showed, compared to the CK, oxygenation and fertilization can ameliorate the yield reduction to 39.47% on average, compared with the average yield reduction of 49.01% without fertilization and oxygenation. 【Conclusion】 The proposed model accurately describes the effect of drought, flooding, fertilization and oxygenation on rice yield, with R2=0.978, F=118.55 and P

Fertilizer has been the ever-increasing demand in agricultural production in recent years, particularly with the escalating demand for food. Simultaneously, the low efficiency of nutrient utilization and environmental risks of fertilizers have posed substantial challenges in the world. Alternatively, polymer-coated fertilizers can play a pivotal role in nutrient utilization efficiency, thus reducing the fertilizer application rates and environmental pollution risks. This study aims to improve the membrane materials of typical polymer-coated fertilizers for the high nutrient utilization efficiency in conventional fertilizers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was also employed as the membrane substrate, in order to relieve the secondary pollution and uncontrollable nutrient release rates. Three types of membranes—PVA/CS membrane, PVA/CS/GA membrane, and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membrane—were prepared using three methods: blending with chitosan (CS), crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA), and incorporating nano SiO2. Additionally, pure PVA membranes were prepared for comparison. The four types of membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), water absorption (Q), biodegradability (De), and nutrient permeability coefficient (Ps). Results indicated that there were excellent dispersion and compatibility of nano SiO2 in the PVA/CS membrane solution. Furthermore, the biodegradation rates of the four membranes also exhibited gradual increments during the initial 21 days. Subsequently, biodegradation rates escalated rapidly from the 21st to the 56th day, followed by a slower growth rate after the 56th day. The CS was incorporated to enhance the membrane biodegradation rates, while the GA crosslinking contributed to the less membrane biodegradation in soil. However, the addition of nano SiO2 had minimally impacted the membrane biodegradation rates. Overall, all four membranes displayed favorable biodegradability, with the biodegradation rates ranging from 30% to 60% within 77 days. The water absorption of PVA/CS, PVA/CS/GA, and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membranes decreased by 43.00%, 68.79%, and 82.73%, respectively, compared with the PVA membranes. Furthermore, the nutrient permeability coefficients of PVA/CS/GA and PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 membranes decreased by 48.51% and 57.59%, respectively, compared with the PVA/CS membranes. Therefore, the addition of CS, GA crosslinking, and nano SiO2 all contributed to the hydrophobicity of PVA membranes. Four types of coated urea (PCU) particles—PCU-PVA, PCU-PVA/CS, PCU-PVA/CS/GA, and PCU-PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2—were prepared, where these membrane solutions were applied to the urea particles using a drum coating machine. The nitrogen release behavior was evaluated using the soil burial. The time required for the nitrogen release of the four PCUs to reach 90% varied significantly, recorded at 5, 11, 23, and 28 days, respectively. On the 5th day, the nitrogen released from PCU-PVA was the highest at 90.64%, whereas the lowest was from PCU-PVA/CS/GA/nano SiO2 at 49.32%. The CS, GA crosslinking and nano SiO2 enhanced the membrane hydrophobicity, which in turn reduced the nitrogen release rate. The nitrogen release behavior of all four PCUs followed a first-order kinetic model, with the release rate constants (k) decreasing progressively—0.3 654, 0.2 333, 0.1 127, and 0.0 926, respectively—and correlating linearly with the nutrient permeability coefficient (Ps) of the membranes. The correlation coefficient (R²) was impressively high at 0.9 991. A series of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan coating materials were introduced with excellent biodegradability and controllable nutrient release rates, suitable for use in polymer-coated fertilizers. These materials were effectively applied in the production of coated urea particles. A first-order kinetic model of PCU nitrogen release was established with the membrane nutrient permeability coefficient as a key parameter, in order to more efficiently and effectively guide the application of PCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To determine the conversion time of two fertilizers in soil, so as to determine the nutrient supply time and ability, and provide data support for determining the scientific fertilization time. [Method] In this experiment, fertilizers commonly used in potato production were used as treatment, namely potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate. Three soil moisture treatments were set, respectively 25%, 35% and 45%.Sampling time was set and fertilizer residual amount and fertilizer dissolution amount and dissolution rate were determined. [Result] The dissolved amounts of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate exceeded or approached 50% on the 5th and 56th day after fertilization, respectively, and could be labeled as the best nutrient absorption period. After the application of diammonium phosphate for 21 days, the fertilizer did not transform. On the whole, with the increase of soil moisture content, the dissolution capacity of diammonium phosphate was enhanced, and the nutrient supply capacity was increased, but the sustainable support capacity was weakened. The release of potassium sulfate nutrient was relatively average during the experiment period. Under the conditions of 25% and 35% soil water content, the nutrient supply period was efficient within 28 days after fertilization, and the nutrient supply tended to be stable after 28 days. Under the condition of 45% soil moisture content, the nutrient efficient supply period was within 49 days after fertilization. On the whole, 45% water content is more conducive to prolonging the effective feeding time of potassium sulfate. [Conclusion] The solubility of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate can be used as the index of nutrient supply of fertilizer, but it can only be applied to mineral element fertilizers. Because organic fertilizers also involve mineralization process after dissolution, it has no guiding significance for organic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A degradable superabsorbent polymer of corn stover cellulose graft polyacrylic acid (CSC-g・ PAA) by solution polymerization using com stover cellulose(CSC) and acrylic acid(AA) as raw materials. The structure and morphology of CSC-g-PAA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)・ The water holding, water retention and degradability of CSC-g-PAA in soil were studied・ The results showed that the water absorption rate of CSC-g-PAA in deionized water could reach 702・ 89 g/g, and that of CSC・g・PAA after five cycles was about 47. 27% of the irdtial water absorption rate; the water holding rate of soil containing CSC-g-PAA content of 3% was 70. 51%, and after 36 d, the water retention rate was 15. 50%; the degradation rate of CSC-g-PAA was 24. 14% after 50 d・ The maximum loading rate of urea by liquid impregnation method is 81.76% ・ CSC-g-PAA Loaded with urea has slow-release effect on the release of urea in deionized water, and its slow-release performance accords w让h Mt/M = Kf model・ Obviously, CSC■幻 PAA can integrate the functions of water absorption, water retention, nutrient loading and slow release, which has great potential of saving water, reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in agricultural productio n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Agriculture Mechanization is the property of Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the indica-japonica hybrid rice variety Yongyou 7872 as the experimental material, the effects of different fertilization rates and methods on its yield and rice quality were studied. 6 different slow-release fertilizer treatments were set up. The results showed that under the transplanting density of 30 cm x 18 cm, the application of slow-release fertilizer as the base fertilizer of 540 kg / hm², the application of urea of 156 kg / hm² and potassium chloride of 75 kg / hm² at the panicle stage could ensure the high yield and good comprehensive quality of rice, and was significantly superior to the group without topdressing at the panicle stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation and fertilization patterns can be greatly conducive to the efficient management of water and fertilizer in facility agriculture. It is very necessary for the protection of the soil environment, the high quality and yield of crops. In this study, a systematic investigation was implemented to clarify the effects of different irrigation amounts and fertilization patterns on soil physicochemical properties, crop yield, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen partial productivity (NPP). A series of experiments were conducted under different rates of nitrogen reduction (N1: 275 kg/hm2, N2: 220 kg/hm2, N3: 165 kg/hm2 ) combined with organic fertilizer (O1: 12 t/hm2, O2: 8 t/hm2 ) under full (W1) and deficit (W2) irrigation for greenhouse cucumber. A systematic analysis was also made to determine the effects of different irrigation amounts and nitrogen reduction that combined with organic fertilizers on the soil physicochemical properties (soil bulk density, soil porosity, water-stable aggregates content, three-phase ratio, soil nitrate nitrogen content), cucumber quality (soluble solids, soluble glucose, vitamin C), yield, WUE, and NPP. The experimental results showed that both nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer application effectively improved the soil structure and environment. The soil bulk density decreased by an average of 5.8%, whereas, the soil porosity increased by an average of 7.7% in the O1N3 treatment, compared with the rest under the same irrigation condition. At the same time, the soil gas and liquid volume fraction increased significantly in the O1N3 treatment. The three-phase ratio was optimized as well. The content of large-size water-stable aggregates increased by an average of 25.4%, whereas, the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer decreased by 21.8% on average. The nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer decreased with the increase of nitrogen reduction, but increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application. The nitrate nitrogen content tended to decrease and then increase with the soil depth at the W1 level, while the nitrate nitrogen content decreased constantly at the W2 level. There was no significant effect of O2N2 treatment on the nitrate nitrogen content under the same irrigation condition. Cucumber WUE increased with the increase of irrigation amount, nitrogen fertilizer, and organic fertilizer application. By contrast, the cucumber NPP decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, but increased with the increase of irrigation amounts and organic fertilizer application. Meanwhile, the organic fertilizer application effectively improved the greenhouse cucumber WUE and NPP under the same irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer conditions. Specifically, cucumber WUE and NPP of O1 level increased by 14.5% and 15.7% on average, respectively, compared with O2 level. A comprehensive analysis was then performed on the cucumber yield and quality indicators under different treatments. Both deficit irrigation and excessive nitrogen reduction seriously reduced the cucumber yield and quality, while the W1O2N2 treatment performed the best. There was no significant difference in the content of soluble glucose, soluble solids, vitamin C, and yield of cucumber, compared with the W1O1N1 treatment (P>0.05). The crop yield and quality can be expected to effectively guarantee with the better soil environment and the less fertilizer application, particularly for the economic benefits of production. The finding can also provide an important reference for the scientific water and fertilizer management in the green and efficient crop production of facility agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical fertilizer (CF) has been widely applied to promote agricultural production in recent years. However, the high solubility of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the traditional CF can reduce the nutrient absorption rate of crops, leading to serious environmental issues. Therefore, an alternative fertilizer is required to recover the N and P organic matter from water, in order to promote the sustainable development of agricultural production. Fortunately, biochar can serve as one type of potential cost-effective adsorbent to reclaim the nutrients (e.g., phosphate and ammonium) from wastewater. A win-win strategy can be expected to develop a biochar-based fertilizer for the remediation of wastewater. In this work, the agricultural wastes (such as corn straw and eggshell) were employed to prepare the Ca/Mg-enriched biochar fertilizer (Ca/Mg-BCF) via magnesium salt impregnation, pyrolysis transformation process, and high-efficiency reclaiming of N- and P-containing nutrients from biogas effluent. Then, a series of leaching experiments and kinetics analysis were performed to explore the N and P slow-release behavior of Ca/Mg-BCF. Meanwhile, a systematic investigation was implemented to clarify the effects of environmental factors (pH and temperature) on the N and P slow-release performance. The physical and chemical properties of Ca/Mg-BCF before and after nutrient release were also characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). In addition, a comparison was made to determine the effects of Ca/Mg-BCF on the seed germination and early-stage seedling growth of corn. The results demonstrated that the final accumulative release ratios of N and P from the Ca/Mg-BCF at 48 h were 16, and 9.6 times lower than those of CF, respectively. The leaching experiment indicated that the Ca/Mg-BCF exhibited excellent slow-release performances of the total P and N with sustainable release rates. Moreover, there was no significant effect on the nutrient release from the Ca/MgBCF at temperatures between 10-40 ℃. The N- and P-release were stable between pH 1-7 and pH 3-10, respectively. The SEM characterization showed that the remarkable morphological transformation occurred after Ca/Mg-BCF released nutrients, due to the dissolving of struvite and the formation of CaHPO4 and Ca3 (PO4 )2 . The P-release performance of Ca/Mg-BCF was controlled by the low solubility of Mg-P precipitates that formed on the biochar surface, and then enhanced by the ‘P-trap’ effect of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 in the re-precipitation process of 4 3− . Therefore, the N and P-release performance of Ca/Mg-BCF was attributed to the multiple effects, including the dissolution rate of N/P precipitates, re-precipitation of PO4 3− by Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonds, pore-filling, and the confinement of biochar. In addition, the Ca/Mg-BCF greatly promoted the seed germination and the growth of corn seedlings, compared with the control and CF. Specifically, the Ca/Mg-BCF-0.8 treatment exhibited a higher seed germination rate of 100%, compared with the control (80%) and CF treatments (40%) in the first five days. This was probably because the fast release rate of N and P from CF caused the salt-stress effect on the seed germination. The height, root length, stem diameter of the corn seedlings, and dry weight of the shoot and root increased by 9.50%, 24.63%, 14.53%, 16.59%, and 38% respectively, after Ca/Mg-BCF-0.8 treatment, compared with the CF. It infers that sufficient nutrients were supplied for the plant growth in a longer period, indicating that the slow-release performance of Ca/Mg-BCF was better matched with the nutrient requirement of plants. In addition, the excellent properties of biochar carriers can be expected to improve the soil environment for a favorable rhizosphere of root growth. Therefore, the Ca/Mg-BCF can be promising potential for sustainable agriculture application with multiple environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation has been intensively implemented on the effect of water supply on the grain-filling process of crops. However, there are few reports on the fitting analysis of summer maize with the various types of nitrogen fertilizer synergists under different irrigation amounts. This study aims to reveal the effect of water supply and nitrogen fertilizer synergists on the summer maize at the grain filling. The maize variety Zhendan 958 was selected in a field experiment in Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province, China. The experiment contained eight treatments, where two levels of water supply (i.e., low water W1, 40 mm; high water W2, 60 mm), and three types of nitrogen-based synergists were added into the single urea (U) application (urease inhibitor NBPT, nitrification inhibitor DCD, double-acting inhibitor NBPT+DCD). The grain filling model was also established and verified under the water supply and nitrogen fertilizer synergists using Richards’ equation. A systematic analysis was carried out to determine the filling characteristic parameters, including the initial growth potential, grain filling active days, occurrence time of the maximum grain-filling rate (Tmax), the maximum grain-filling rate, and mean grain-filling rate. An investigation was then made to explore the effects of water supply and nitrogen fertilizer synergists on the grain-filling duration days and rates at various stages, dry matter transfer quantity and rate, and yield. The results showed that the Richards model better simulated the dynamic process of grain filling in summer maize, with the determination coefficients of above 0.99 for the grain filling fitting equation in each treatment. Specifically, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist DCD increased the seed initial growth potential under water supply level W2; NBPT+DCD extended the period of grain filling active days, retarded Tmax and possessed higher Vmax and mean grain-filling rate. W2 significantly retarded Tmax to prolong the total grain-filling duration days, where the improved mean grain-filling rate at grain-filling slowly increased the period, compared with the W1. DCD and NBPT+DCD were significantly improved average filling rate during grin-filling fast increase period, but slowly increased period. Significant interactions were found in the water supply and nitrogen fertilizer synergist on grain-filling duration days and mean grain-filling rate. DCD significantly extended the grain-filling duration days to 47.10 d under the W2. Meanwhile, there was the optimal proportion of the three grain-filling stages with a relatively higher average filling rate of 0.828 g/d. There were higher transfer quantities and contribution rates to grain stored in stems and sheaths. The W2 possessed a 3.63% lower contribution rate of stem and sheath to grain, compared with the W1. NBPT+DCD obtained the highest contribution rates of stems and sheath to grain, followed by NBPT, DCD and U, in terms of the nitrogen fertilizer synergists. Plants possessed a 7.21% higher yield under the W2 than those under the W1. The NBPT, DCD, and NBPT+DCD significantly improved the summer maize yield by 6.16%, 13.43% and 11.06%, respectively, compared with the U. Among them, the yield obtained by DCD and NBPT+DCD was higher than that of NBPT. Overall, both increasing water supply and nitrogen synergists can be expected to improve the summer maize yield, whereas, the higher water supply can improve the maize yield via the prolonged duration days of grain filling. W2+DCD was recommended as the optimized combination of water supply and nitrogen fertilizer synergist in this experiment, as it extended the total grain-filling period of summer maize for the highyield formation. These findings can also provide a strong reference to optimize the water and nitrogen fertilizer synergist in the production of summer maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The effects of fertilization and mixed sowing on soil nutrients and pasture yield of degraded grassland in the Songnen Plain, Western Heilongjiang Province were studied, in order to provide a scientific basis for restoration of natural degraded grassland in local area. [Methods] The study was conducted on a natural lightly degraded grassland in the Songnen Plain of Western Heilongjiang Province. Astragalus adsurgens and Elymus dahuricus were used as reseeding grasses. Treatments consisted of two interrow mixed sowing ratios 〔legume:grass ratio 2∶2 (B1) and 1∶2 (B2)〕,and six nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium application rate combinations: N50 P40 K45 (A1), N100 P240 K225 (A2), N150 P0K180 (A3), N200 P120 K0(A4), N250 P80 K270 (A5), and N300 P200 K90 (A6), where subscripts after each element indicated the application rate given as kg/hm2 N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. [Results] Fertilization significantly improved available nutrients and pasture yield based on the ratio of mixed sowing. Soil nutrient changes in the surface soil layer (0—10 cm) were more affected by fertilization and mixed sowing than in the deeper layer (20—30 cm). Fertilization, mixed sowing, and their interaction had significant effects on the content of available soil nitrogen (p

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil fertility degradation can be attributed to a large amount of chemical fertilizer in the long term. Among them, the quality of asparagus shoots can depend mainly on the soil fertility in the process of asparagus planting. This study aims to investigate the effects of biogas slurry application with the chemical fertilizer on the soil fertility in the asparagus field. The quality of asparagus shoots was also evaluated in the same application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients. Six treatments were set, including no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), the total nitrogen of biogas slurry replaced 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the total nitrogen application amount of chemical fertilizer (25%NP1K1Z1, 50% NP2K2Z2, 75% NP3K3Z3, and 100% NP4K4Z4). Some influencing factors were selected, including the amount of biogas slurry application on the soil's chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and heavy metals in the asparagus field. The results showed that the soil organic matter contents increased by 32.7%-41.5% in the 50% NP2K2Z2 treatment, compared with the NPK (P<0.05). But there was no significant effect on the contents of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and potassium (P>0.05). At the same time, the 75% NP3K3Z3 and 100% NP4K4Z4 treatments were significantly improved the contents of soil available potassium by 48.6% and 48.8%, while also significantly improved improving pH value by 15.2% and 21.1% (P<0.05), but there was no significant influence on the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus (P>0.05). Comparison In comparison with the CK, the 50% NP2K2Z2 treatment was significantly reduced the activity of soil acid phosphatase (P<0.05), but there was no significant effect on the soil urease and catalase activities. By contrast, the rest treatments were enhanced the activity of soil sucrose enzyme. Compared with the NPK, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen of soil microbial biomass was significantly reduced by 31.4%-38.6% in the 50% NP2K2Z2 treatment (P<0.05). But, there was the a significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microbial biomass by 20.2%-61.2%, and 28.8%-162.0%, respectively (P<0.05) in the rest treatments. All treatments presented the little effect on the contents of Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the topsoil of the asparagus field (P>0.05). In addition, the 50% NP2K2Z2, and 75% NP3K3Z3 treatments were improved the Zn contents and soluble protein contents in the tender stem of asparagus, compared with the NPK (P<0.05). Thus, the soil organic matter and available nutrients were improved for the soil fertility in the asparagus field. As such, the soluble protein and zinc contents were enhanced the quality of the tender stem of asparagus. Among them, the optimal treatment was achieved in the 75% NP3K3Z3 with the amount of total nitrogen of biogas slurry replaced by more than 75% of the total nitrogen application amount of chemical fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Sedimentation and particle clogging is a phenomenon often occurring in irrigation pipe networks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of magnetization on enhancing particle flocculation so as to alleviate sedimentation. 【Method】 We used suspension of kaolin clay at concentration of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 and 5 g/L as the testing particles, and mixed them with potassium sulfate at concentration of 0.25 g/L, urea at 0.5 g/L and compounded fertilizer at 0.75 g/L. Each solution was magnetized at strength at 0.2 T (W1), 0.4 T (W2) and 0.6 T (W3), respectively, with non-magnetization taken as the control (CK). We then let the suspension to settle in a cylinder, during which we measured the turbidity and median sedimentation velocity at the height of 10 cm, as well as the change in sedimentation composition, zeta potential, pH, conductivity and viscosity of the sample. 【Result】 Compared with CK, magnetization enhanced flocculation of the kaolin particles and increased its sedimentation as a result (p

In order to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of total nitrogen content in fertilizers, the nitrogen content in quality control samples and six kinds of common commercial fertilizers were detected and analyzed by Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer method, respectively. The results showed that the relative standard deviation（RSD） and the relative error（RE） of the Dumas combustion method were 0.286% and 0.065%, respectively. The recoveries of fertilizer samples were 95.84%～98.07%, compared with the Kjeldahl method, the method has higher precision and accuracy, and has the advantages of more rapid, safe, environmental protection and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilization equipment is one of the most important equipment for the fertigation system in recent year. The performance of fertigation pump directly dominates the quality of irrigation and fertilization. Among them, the proportional fertilization pump can be expected to serve as an advanced fertilization equipment. Specifically, the water pressure can be used as the power source in the most areas without electricity. The fertilizer suction piston is one of the vital hydraulic components to promote the accuracy of fertilizer injection. Taking the suction piston as the study object, the quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was carried out to optimize the major structural parameters, according to the operating principle. The injection flow rate was utilized as the response index. A multiple regression model was established for the response index and factors. The variables included the diameter of the lower end of the suction piston, the width of the discharge groove, and the depth of the discharge groove. The results demonstrated that the actual injection ratio of the proportional fertilization pump was lower than the predicted injection ratio under various differential pressures and injection ratios. The difference between the actual and predicted injection ratio was reduced with an increase in the injection ratio, at the differential pressure of less than 0.15 MPa. It infers that a larger injection ratio was preferred to boost the fertilizer injection accuracy. The greatest factors were determined in the injection flow within the factor level range, including the width of the discharge groove, the depth of the discharge groove, and the diameter of the lower end of the suction piston(P＜0.01). The injection flow rate was significantly influenced by each of the three parameters individually, as well as significantly by their interactions. Once the discharge groove was the same width, the injection flow rate first rose and then fell, as the diameter of the lower end of the suction piston increased. The injection flow rate also increased initially before decreasing, as the width of the discharge groove expanded, when the lower end of the diameter in the suction piston was less than 14 mm. However, the injection flow rate rose, as the width of the discharge groove increased, when the diameter of the lower end of the suction piston was between 14 and 17 mm. The injection flow rate first increased and subsequently declined with the increase in the diameter of the lower end of the suction piston and the depth of the discharge groove. The injection flow rate essentially remained the constant, as the width of discharge groove increased, when the depth of the discharge groove was less than 2.5 mm. Only a little impact was found in the width of the discharge groove on the injection flow at this time. The injection flow rate increased with the discharge groove width, when the depth of the groove was larger than 2.5 mm. An optimal combination was achieved: The diameter of the lower end of the suction piston was 16.6 mm, the width of the discharge groove was 5.5 mm, and the depth of the discharge groove was 3.7 mm. The optimum structure parameters were also obtained for the suction piston flow channel. The structural parameters of the suction piston were optimized for the proportional fertilization pump under various injection ratios and differential pressures. The injection flow rate was higher than that of the prototype proportional fertilization pump, which further decreased the discrepancy between the actual and theoretical injection flow rate. The injection precision increased by 3.33, 1.67, and 7.29 percentage points at the differential pressure of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 MPa, respectively. Anyway, the injection precision of proportional fertilization pump was improved significantly to extend the typical working differential pressure range, indicating the better hydraulic performance of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is necessary to generate a sustainable strategy for evaluation of carbon leaching risk and organic fertilizer application by studying the effects of different fertilization practices on dissolved carbon leaching along soil profile in the area of lime concretion black soils. Aiming to analyze the contents and distribution of physicochemical, microbial properties, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) contents in soil profile based on a 33-year long-term fertilization experiment to select an environmentally friendly organic amendments, five treatments were designed, including mineral fertilization (MF), mineral fertilization combined with low amount wheat straw (MFL), mineral fertilization combined with high amount wheat straw (MFH), mineral fertilization combined with pig manure (MFP), and mineral fertilization combined with cattle manure (MFC), respectively. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in the profile at 0-60 cm soil depth were substantiality increased, whereas the values of soil total nitrogen, bulk density and pH value were mainly influenced at 0-20 cm soil depth in the organic amendments treatments compared with MF treatment. Compared with the MF treatment, soil DOC contents at 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm soil depths under long-term organic amendments application treatments were significantly (P<0.05) increased, whereas the values were not significantly increased at >40-60 cm soil depths. In contrast, soil DIC contents under long-term organic amendments application treatments at 0-60 cm depth were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with the MF treatment. Both the values of UV280 absorption and aromaticity index (AI) at 0-60 cm soil depth were significantly (P<0.05) increased under long-term organic amendments application treatments, especially for the MFC treatment. The values of AI at the 0-20, >20-40, and >40-60 cm soil depths under the MFC treatment were significantly increased by 71.2%, 153.3%, and 38.1%, respectively. It was indicated that soil DOC chemical structure in the whole profile at 0-60 cm soil depth under long-term organic amendments application was greatly influenced and the contents of aromatic compound were increased, which suggested that soil DOC chemical structure under long-term organic amendments application were more complex. Furthermore, stepwise lineal regression showed that the DOC and DIC contents in the profile at 0-60 cm soil depth were regulated by soil pH value and MBC, and the strength of influence soil pH value was larger than soil MBC. Soil DOC chemical structure in the soil profile were mainly influenced by soil MBC. Generally, the type and amount of exogenous organic amendments were the two major factors influencing the characteristics of soil dissolved carbon distribution. The risk of dissolved carbon leaching was aggravated after long-term organic amendments application, especially for pig and cattle manure. Crop straw application is a recommended organic agricultural practice deceasing dissolved carbon leaching risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nitrogen loss from rice systems is an important source of agricultural non-point source pollution. Many studies revolve around reducing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. However, studies examining the characteristics of nitrogen loss in multiple loss paths （runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage） under different straw and fertilizer managements are lacking. Therefore, a study was carried out based on a rice field planted for more than 20 years with straw continuously returned to the field for more than 5 years in Taihu lake basin. The effects of straw and fertilizer managements on nitrogen loss in different paths during the whole growth period of rice were studied. Moreover, straw and fertilizer managements were evaluated by their production suitability and environmental friendliness based on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss. The results showed that straw removal from the field increased the response sensitivity of nitrogen accumulation in plant tissue to nitrogen application. The nitrogen loss in the rice season was 9-17 kg·hm -2 , accounting for 5%-7% of the nitrogen application rate. Straw removal increased the risk of nitrogen loss when soaking water discharged. Straw returning could decrease the nitrogen loss by more than 15%, though the effect of straw on nitrogen loss via lateral seepage was not clear. Furthermore, the suitable substitution of organic fertilizer （30% in this study） could respectively reduce the amount of nitrogen loss via runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage by 16%, 26%, and 37% compared with the fertilizer application under the same nitrogen gradient. In conclusion, the implementation of straw returning and fertilizer type optimization measures effectively reduced the nitrogen loss for unit weight of rice production and realized the balance between agricultural production and environmental protection.

An integrated irrigation of water, fertilizer, and gas has been one of the most effective ways to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the reaches of the Yellow River. However, high content of cohesive sediment in the Yellow River has posed a great challenge on the water quality, as well as the flocculation and sedimentation of sediment resulting from the fertilizer solution and bubbles. This study aims to explore the influence of aeration on the flocculation and settlement of cohesive sediment during irrigation. A typical clay mineral of kaolin in the Yellow River was selected as the experimental sediment, and tap water was used as the experimental water. A water quality test proved that there was a fewer content of iron and other cations easy to form sediment flocculation. A Venturi circulation aeration device was used to fabricate the milky uniform mixture of water and air. The diameter of bubbles produced by the device was generally 15 μm, and the average gas holdup was 5.42%. The experiments were then carried out under various sediment concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 g/L), the different types of fertilizers (potassium sulfate fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and urea), and the mass fraction of fertilizer (0, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%). Some parameters were measured, including the relative concentration of sediment, the median settling velocity of sediment, and the average particle size of the settling sediment before and after aeration. The results showed that the 5-minute aeration in the Venturi circulation device significantly promoted the flocculation and sedimentation of cohesive sediment with a concentration of 3-10 g/L (P<0.05). After the aeration, the median settling velocity of sediment increased by 48.67%-70.98% in winter, and 33.04%-57.52% in summer, while, the average particle size of settling sediment increased by 7.62%-13.95% in winter, and 6.83%-13.24% in summer, where the differences were significant (P<0.05). There was an enhanced effect of the aeration on the sediment flocculation and settlement, with the increase of initial sediment concentration. Subsequently, the promotion effect decreased with the increase of fertilizer concentration, closely relating to the type and concentration of fertilizer applied in muddy water. When the potassium sulfate fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and urea muddy water with the fertilizer mass fraction of 0.2%-1.0% were aerated, the median settling velocity of sediment increased by 20.00%-32.12%, 18.71%-130.40%, and 91.19%-170.21%, respectively, while the average particle size of settling sediment increased by 2.47%-11.06%, 6.00%-12.87%, and 13.42%-16.89%, respectively. The aeration was greatly contributed to promoting the sediment flocculation and settlement in the muddy water containing urea. The variance analysis indicated that the aeration, fertilizer concentration, fertilizer type, and the interaction presented significant effects on the median settling velocity of sediment (P<0.01). There was also an outstanding interaction among the aeration, fertilizer type, and fertilizer concentration on the sediment deposition. Prior to the aeration, there was the largest value in the median settling velocity of the sediment in the potassium sulfate fertilizer muddy water, whereas, the smallest in the compound fertilizer and urea muddy water. After aeration, there was the largest value of 0.399-0.450 mm/s in the median settling velocity of the sediment in the potassium sulfate fertilizer muddy water, whereas, the smallest of 0.288-0.330 mm/s in the compound fertilizer muddy water. Consequently, the compound fertilizer with the appropriate concentration can be expected to be preferentially selected in the integrated irrigation of water, fertilizer, and gas, further slowing down the sediment deposition in the irrigation pipe network system. The findings are of great significance to clarify the sediment deposition of the water, fertilizer, and gas integrated irrigation system. A sound theoretical basis can be also offered to take reasonable measures for the sediment deposition in the pipe networks during irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present situation of fertilizer production in Fujian Province was systematically analyzed to provide reference for policy formulation, basic research and industrial transformation of fertilizer industry. 329 licensed enterprises of fertilizer production in Fujian Province were investigated by literature search, questionnaire» interview and field investigation. Then, the fertilizer productivity, yield and the rate of capacity utilization, fertilizer manufacturers » products and the number of formula, fertilizer supply and guarantee capacity and the geographical distribution of fertilizer enterprises were analyzed, in order to discuss the present situation and problems of fertilizer production in Fujian Province. The results showed that from 2016 to 2020, fertilizer production capacity and output in Fujian Province increased year by year, but the rate of fertilizer capacity utilization was only 39. 7% on average in five years. The yield of organic fertilizer was highest in different varieties of fertilizer, followed by compound fertilizer and soil conditioner, which accounted for 66. 0%, 22. 2% and 5. 2% of total fertilizer production, respectively. The number of organic fertilizer manufacturers and products were largest in fertilizer enterprises, reaching 270 and 792, respectively, but the average annual output of each organic fertilizer factory was 5100 tons・ The self-sufficiency rate of chemical fertilizer in the province was only 47. 1%, and 52. 9% of chemical fertilizer needed to be allocated or impor-ted from outside the province. The annual output of organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer only accounted for 14. 0% of the theoretical demand of the market. There were fertilizer factories in 72 counties (cities, districts), 9 prefecture-level cities in the province, among which the number of fertilizer enterprises in Zhangzhou City accounted for 33・ 4% of the total number in the province. The fertilizer production network in Fujian Province has been basically formed, but the development of different fertilizer industries in different regions was still unbalanced, and there were still prominent problems. In the future, we should focus on solving the problem of low capacity utilization rate, strengthening the transformation and upgrading of compound fertilizer production enterprises, guiding and strengthening the quality management and demonstration promotion of organic fertilizer products, giving full play to the regional resource advantages of Fujian, accelerating the development of new fertilizer products, especially the development of soil conditioner by using the coastal oyster shell resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of the partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer on the growth, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica T Ipomoea aquatica was used as the experimental material and non-fertilization (CK) and conventional fertilization (CF) were taken as the control group, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer+80% conventional fertilization (Tl) and organic material without functional microorganisms + 80% conventional fertilization (T2) on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameterT leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica in Tl treatment group were the largest, which were increased by 9. 97%, 14.69%, 12.27%, 19.86%, 15. 39 % and 10. 26 % » respectively, compared with CF, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit between T2 treatment group and CF. The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could promote the growth of Ipomoea aquatica and improve the yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the most advanced and effective membrane separation treatments in desalination. Forward Osmosis (FO) is also one type of membrane separation that can spontaneously draw the water from the RO concentrated water. However, the regeneration of draw solution requires much energy in the FO system. A Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis (FDFO) process is thus selected to reduce the energy consumption for the draw solution, where the fertilizer solution was used as the draw solution. The RO concentrated water is continuously concentrated, while the fertilizer draw solution is continuously diluted in the process of FDFO. The diluted fertilizer draw solution can widely be expected for the agricultural irrigation without regeneration. In this study, the influence factors of the forward water and reverse salt flux in the FO process were determined under the different type, concentration, and temperature of draw solution, as well as the concentration of feed solution. KCl, KNO3, NaNO3, NH4HCO3, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4Cl were selected as the draw solutions for the single factor comparison tests of FDFO. The results show that the forward water fluxes and reverse salt fluxes differed greatly with different kinds of draw solutions. The forward water fluxes of draw solutions were ranked in the order of KCl > NH4Cl > NaNO3 > NH4HCO3 > (NH4) 2SO4 > KNO3. The reverse salt flux was NaNO3 > NH4HCO3 > KNO3 > KCl > NH4Cl > (NH4)2SO4. The forward water flux of KCl and NH4Cl was the largest, while the reverse salt flux was smaller. Therefore, KCl and NH4Cl were more suitable for a single fertilizer draw solution. A FO test was carried out under the different concentration and temperature of KCl draw solution. The results showed that the forward water flux of KCl draw solution at 2 mol/L was 3.56 times than that of 0.5 mol/L, and the forward water flux of KCl draw solution at 55℃ was about twice than that of 25℃. Therefore, the forward water flux increased significantly, with the increase of the concentration and temperature of draw solution. However, there was no increase in the forward water flux and the reverse salt flux, when the concentration of draw solution increased exponentially. Additionally, the increased multiple of forward water and reverse salt flux was less than the draw solution concentration. Another FO test was also carried out under the various concentration and temperature of NaNO3 draw solution. The results showed that the reverse salt flux increased by 2.94 times, when the concentration of NaNO3 draw solution increased from 0.5 to 2 mol/L, while, the reverse salt flux increased by 1.64 times, when the temperature of NaNO3 draw solution increased from 25 to 55℃. Therefore, the reverse salt flux increased, with the increase of the concentration and temperature of draw solution. Furthermore, the temperature increased exponentially, so did the forward water flux. Since the RO concentrated and deionized water were selected as the feed solution in the FO experiment, it was found that the higher concentration of feed solution, but the smaller forward water flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the key cultivation techniques of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang in Fujian Province, through more than 3 years of field experiments, the effects of the key cultivation techniques including the amount of seed stem, di任erent storage conditions of seed stem, scientific fertilization and light conditions on the yield of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang were studied. The results showed that the key technical parameters for the cultivation of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang were as follows: the dosage of seed stem of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang was 600 -- 750 g • hm-2. The optimal storage conditions of seed stem were under the cold and dry environment such as the mountain cellar. The fertilization conditions were 15 000 kg • hm-2 of decomposed sheep manure and 750 kg • hm-2 of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer, 125 kg • hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer, 75 kg • hm-2 of phosphorus fertilizer and 180 kg • hm-2 of potash fertilizer at the seedling stage under the full-sun lighting condition. Then, the maximum yield of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang could reach 6 144 kg • hm-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of biochar on NH3 volatilization in the North China Plain, four typical soils(paddy soil, lime concretion black soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil)were adopted for field micro-plot trials in the study area. There were four treatments: Control (CK), fertilizer (NPK), biochar (BC), and fertilizer with biochar (NPK+BC). NH3 volatilization loss was observed during the early growth stage of winter wheat, and the effects of soil mineral nitrogen content, soil pH value, and temperature on soil ammonia volatilization were analyzed. The results showed that the cumulative ammonia volatilization from NPK treatment of the four soils was 2.70, 3.14, 2.90, and 4.00 kg N·hm-2, and accounts for 3.3%, 3.8%, 3.5%, and 4.9% of nitrogen application. Cumulative ammonia volatilization was reduced when biochar was applied together with chemical fertilizer in lime concretion black soil(15.3%)and fluvo-aquic soil(14.8%) compared with NPK, but increased in paddy soil(3.0%)and cinnamon soil(6.9%). The addition of biochar significantly increased soil pH and soil temperature. Correlation analysis showed that the key factor related to changes in soil ammonia volatilization from biochar was the soil pH value. In conclusion, the application of biochar on lime concretion black soil and fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain can effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization during the early growth stage of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Screen out suitable type new compound fertilizer of potato under drip irrigation in Wuchuan County of Inner Mongolia, to investigate the effects of new compound fertilizers application on potato commercial rate, yield and economic benefits under drip irrigation. [Methods] Four new compound fertilizers were used a the test material, and eight treatment when set in two experimental designs of equivalent fertilizer (with the same price) and equivalent fertilizer (with the cane total nutrient amount). [Results] ln the equivalent fertilizer test, the highest yield of A2 was 33.45x10 kg/hm²,9.31% higher than A-CK. Expert for A1, potato commercial rate of each treatment was higher than A-CK, while A3 and A2 were 14.67 and 6.33 percentage points higher than A-CK, respetively. In the comparison test of the equivalent fertilizer, the yields of B1 and B3 were the higher, 39.45x10³ kg/hm² and 38.85 x10 kg/hm³, respectively, which increased by 21.20% and 19.35% compared with B-CK. Patato commercial rate f other treatments was higher than B-CK, and there was a significant differener among other treatments. [Conclusion] B3 [slow controlled release fertilizer, 750 kg/hm²) has a performance in yield, economic benefit and commercial rate, and it has valuable promotion potential in Wuehuan County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)