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Objective To explore the efficacy and advantages of intracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods A total of 9 patients with complex intracranial aneurysms who underwent intracranial-intracranial bypass in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2014 to May 2020 were included, and were treated with grafts bypass or reimplantation of recipient arteries. All cases underwent CTA or DSA to detect the patent of grafts, whether aneurysms were completely clipped or resected and aneurysms recurrence occurred during the follow-up. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the neurological prognosis at discharge and during the follow - up. Results Radial artery (RA) or great saphenous vein (GSV) was used for interposition in 4 cases, and recipient arteries were used for reimplantation in 5 cases. Of 4 cases of interposition, the cavernous sinus seoment of internal carotid artery (ICA)-GSV-ICA bypass was adopted in one case, middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2-RA-M2 bypass in one case, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A3-GSV-A3 bypass in one case, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P2 -RA -P2 bypass in one case. Of 5 cases of reimplantation, MCA M2 inferior trunk was reimplanted to M2 superior trunk in one case, ACA A3 was reimplanted to contralateral A3 in 2 cases, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was reimplanted to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 2 cases. CTA in 3 d postoperatively showed all cases grafts were patent and aneurysms disappeared. After 3 months of discharge, 2 were lost to follow-up. The other 7 cases kept the patency of grafts and no new aneurysms, and were constantly followed up, with an average follow-up time of 30.71 months, and mRS score was 1 or lower. Conclusions Intracranial - intracranial bypass can be applied for complex intracranial aneurysms that are difficult for conventional surgical treatment to solve. Compared with extracranial - intracranial bypass, its grafts are shorter and its hemodynamics features are more in line with physiological conditions.

In order to research the effect of viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) on the rebar rust resistance in self-compacting concrete, stereoscopic microscope, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization test method were utilized to study the effect of three commonly used viscosity modifying admixtures, polyacrylamide (PAM), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on the rebar rust resistance performance in simulated concrete pore solution. Results showed that PAM, HPMC and HEC could effectively inhibit the corrosion of rebar in simulated concrete pore solution. With the content of VMAs increasing, the corrosion resistance of rebar was enhanced. The rust resistance ability of the three VMAs on rebar increased in the following order: HEC< HPMC< PAM. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of PAM, HPMC and HEC on the cathodic corrosion process of rebar was stronger than that of the anodic process. Among them, PAM and HPMC were cathode type rust inhibitors, while HEC was a mixed type rust inhibitor that mainly suppressed the cathode.

Sepsis is a common and fatal disease with high mortality. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal host response to infection. Some patients also complicate with hypo-albuminemia, hypotension, oliguria, edema and other phenomena, namely capillary leakage syndrome (CLS). Sepsis with CLS is a complex disease urgently needs active treatment, but a successful treatment must be based on in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and combined with clinical treatment experience.

Objective To investigate the current status of social jet lag (SJL) in army helicopter pilots and explore its influencing factors. Methods Objective data, including SJL, sleep time, sleep quality, pressure and number of daily steps in the army aviators were collected by a smart watch from December 14 to 30 in 2021. Subjective data including socio-demographic and results of Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) were collected by self-developed sleep assessment APP. SPSS statistics 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was adopted for measurement data, and frequency analysis was employed for enumerate data. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression analysis were performed respectively to analyze the correlation of variables and the influencing factors for SJL. Results Finally, eligible data were collected from 33 male pilots. Their average SJL was 0.45±1.21 h, total PSQI score 6.64±2.70, total sleep duration 7.58±0.64 h, average pressure score 35.45±10.76, and average daily steps (11.0±2.5)×103 steps. The variables correlated with SJL were stress (r=0.45), insomnia severity (r=0.39), fatigue status (r=0.54), sleep efficiency (r=0.43), times of waking (r=0.52), daily steps (r=-0.39), and duration of deep sleep (r=-0.49) (all P < 0.05). The results of stepwise linear regression analysis suggested that fatigue, wakeup time during night, exercise, stress, marriage and smoking were related factors of SJL. Conclusion Helicopter pilots have severe SJL, with 39% of them having SJL longer than 1 h. Fatigue, poor nighttime sleep quality, stress, singleness and smoking can aggravate SJL, while exercise can attenuate SJL. Special attention should be paid to SJL evaluation for pilots in aviation health care.

The experiment aimed to explore the impact of different ensiling times and methods on the nutritional components, silage quality, and mycotoxin content of whole-plant quinoa mixed with corn stover. The raw materials were 'Jinli 1' and corn stover harvested 20 cm above the ground at the milk stage, which were cut into 2~3 cm lengths. Two treatment groups was designed, including the control group (CK group), fed with whole-plant quinoa, and the test group (CS group) fed with a mixture of whole-plant quinoa to corn stover (fresh weight:dry weight ratio of 6:4). There were 12 replicates per group, and the silage for 60 days. Samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of ensiling to analyze fermentation parameters and nutritional components, and mycotoxin content was analyzed at 60 days. The results showed that in terms of ensiling time, compared with the 15th day of ensiling, the content of dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and pH value of the CK group and CS group on the 60th day of ensiling were all significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the content of crude protein (CP), crude ash (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) all significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of acid detergent lignin (ADL) in the CK group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). In terms of treatment methods, compared with the CK group, the content of DM, CF, NDF, ADL, LA, AA, and NH3-N/TN in the CS group were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of CP, EE, Ash, P, PA, and pH value were all significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the content of BA in the CS group on the 30th and 45th days of ensiling was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of BA on the 60th day of ensiling was significantly reduced (P<0.05). On the 60th day of ensiling, compared with the CK group, the content of aflatoxin (AFB1) in the CS group was reduced, while the content of zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) was increased, and both groups were below the feed hygiene standards. The study indicates that whole-plant quinoa alone during the milky stage and mixed with corn straw (6:4) both meet the standards for high-quality silage, but whole-plant quinoa alone during the milky stage is better than mixed with corn straw (6:4), and both can obtain high-quality silage between 45 to 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regions where transmission corridors are badly needed, UHV lines will inevitably be constructed in parallel with other UHV or EHV lines. Hence, the electromagnetic environment characteristics near the corridors are complex and in-depth study should be carried out. In this paper, three models of parallel AC transmission lines are established, and the characteristics of the power frequency electromagnetic field, radio interference and audible noise near the parallel lines are studied. The results show that as the line spacing decreases, the area of strong electromagnetic environment reduces, but the amplitude will increase. The height of the parallel-erected line has more influence on the distribution of the power frequency electromagnetic field than the radio interference and audible noise. Generally, the electromagnetic environment generated by the parallel erection of UHV transmission lines is related to the conductor height and the spacing of parallel lines. When the radio interference and audible noise limits are up to standard, the spacing of parallel erection lines can be appropriately reduced. This study has a certain reference significance for the design and construction of UHV lines in areas being short of corridors.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of maxillary sinus effusion in drowned bodies, to explore its morphological characteristics and value in the diagnosis of the cause of death, and to provide objective evidence to support the study of virtual anatomy of drowning. Methods The 154 postmortem CT examination cases （31 cases of drowning, 123 cases of non-drowning） of Beijing Public Security Bureau Forensic Center in 2019 were collected. The bodies of all cases were scanned by multi-layer spiral CT before double-blind reading by clinical imaging experts. Maxillary sinus of corpses with maxillary sinus effusion in imaging findings was punctured. The detection rate of maxillary sinus effusion was calculated. The CT value and volume of maxillary sinus effusion were measured on 3D DICOM workstation. Results The detection rate of maxillary sinus effusion in the drowning was 100%, the shape was horizontal liquid level, the volume was 1.2-11.2 mL, the CT value was 6.08-19.02 Hu, with an average value of 12.85 Hu. The detection rate of maxillary sinus effusion in non-drowning was 19.51% （24/123）, the shape was wavy or irregular, and there were bubbles inside, the volume was 0.4-13.4 mL, the CT value was 23.68-77.75 Hu, with an average value of 42.08 Hu. The differences in CT value between the two groups had statistical significance. Conclusion The postmortem CT examination method can be used to observe the shape and measure the CT value of the maxillary sinus effusion in the bodies in water, which can be an auxiliary examination method for identification of drowning.

Objective To explore the efficacy and advantages of intracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods A total of 9 patients with complex intracranial aneurysms who underwent intracranial-intracranial bypass in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2014 to May 2020 were included, and were treated with grafts bypass or reimplantation of recipient arteries. All cases underwent CTA or DSA to detect the patent of grafts, whether aneurysms were completely clipped or resected and aneurysms recurrence occurred during the follow-up. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the neurological prognosis at discharge and during the follow - up. Results Radial artery (RA) or great saphenous vein (GSV) was used for interposition in 4 cases, and recipient arteries were used for reimplantation in 5 cases. Of 4 cases of interposition, the cavernous sinus seoment of internal carotid artery (ICA)-GSV-ICA bypass was adopted in one case, middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2-RA-M2 bypass in one case, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) A3-GSV-A3 bypass in one case, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) P2 - RA - P2 bypass in one case. Of 5 cases of reimplantation, MCA M2 inferior trunk was reimplanted to M2 superior trunk in one case, ACA A3 was reimplanted to contralateral A3 in 2 cases, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was reimplanted to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 2 cases. CTA in 3 d postoperatively showed all cases grafts were patent and aneurysms disappeared. After 3 months of discharge, 2 were lost to follow-up. The other 7 cases kept the patency of grafts and no new aneurysms, and were constantly followed up, with an average follow-up time of 30.71 months, and mRS score was 1 or lower. Conclusions Intracranial-intracranial bypass can be applied for complex intracranial aneurysms that are difficult for conventional surgical treatment to solve. Compared with extracranial - intracranial bypass, its grafts are shorter and its hemodynamics features are more in line with physiological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death after carotid sinus trauma is usually attributed to death from inhibition, a type of sudden death. Currently, the number of incidents is scarce, and related studies are few. Therefore, how to determine the involvement of carotid sinus and determine the role of diseases in the cause of death has always been a difficult point in forensic investigation. This article sorts out the research literature on carotid sinus related death at home and abroad in recent years, systematically reviews the anatomic structure of the carotid sinus nerve, the clinical epidemiology of carotid sinus syndrome, and the research on the death mechanism of carotid sinus injury at home and abroad in recent years, in order to provide references for forensic pathology research and prosecution.

Objective To explore the expression and localization of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in neurons and astrocytes(AS) of transgenic mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), and to further clarify the pathogenesis of ALS. Methods Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of BDNF in spinal cord neurons and astrocytes of 95, 108 and 122 days old ALS transgenic mice. The wild type(WT) mice were used as controls group. Neuron cell line NSC34 was used as a cell model to establish wild type and SOD1-G93A mutant NSC34 cell strains, the transgenic mice from the same litter were selected to culture the primary astrocytes. The protein expression of BDNF in NSC34 cell model and primary astrocytes was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with WT mice, the expression of BDNF in neurons was decreased in spinal cord tissues of 95, 108 and 122 days old ALS transgenic mice(P＜0.05), while the expression of BDNF/GFAP double positive cells was significantly increased.In the cell model, BDNF expression decreased in SOD1-G93A mutant NSC34 cells(P＜0.05) and increased in activated astrocytes(P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression and localization of BDNF in neurons and activated astrocytes of transgenic mice with ALS suggest that the autonomic mechanism of neurons and the non-autonomic mechanism mediated by astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS.

With the development of mobile Internet and the popularization of intelligent terminals,location based services(LBS) has been widespread in navigation,social network and other fields.Due to the sensitivity of personal location information,data privacy protection related to location of mobile objects has become the hotspots of research.Considering the openness of the background information,and based on the information cache mechanism,a dummy selection algorithm was proposed to reduce the number of interactions between the user and the untrusted server and combine the k-anonymity to achieve efficient location privacy.Without relying on trusted third party,the scheme can prevent the attackers owned background information from inference attack,and the detail simulation results indicate its effectiveness and efficiency.

Migrating traditional access control,such as mandatory and discretionary access control,into role-based access control(RBAC)lightens a practical way to improve the user-permission management efficiency.To guarantee the security of RBAC system,it is important to generate proper roles during the migration.However,abnormal user-permission configurations lead to wrong roles and cause tremendous security risks.To hunt the potential abnormal user-permission configurations,a novel spectral clustering based abnormal configuration hunting framework was proposed and recommendations were given to correct these configurations.Experimental results show its performance over existing solutions.

The privacy preservation problems in the process of information exchange have been summarized, according to the latest study and review related. Firstly, the different kinds of information service modes in pervasive networks, induce the essence of the information dissemination were introduced, and the risks of privacy information leakage during the information exchange were analyzed. Then the current research status of the information privacy awareness, privacy metric, self-adaptive adjustment scheme, privacy splitting and authorization extension were concluded. Finally, four research directions including the privacy awareness in the multi-source environment, scenario-aware privacy measurement, scenario defined privacy protection scheme, privacy splitting and authorization extension were proposed.

As one of the most important information in location-based services (LBS),the trajectory privacy for smart devices users has gained increasingly popularity over recent years.To address this problem,(k−1) dummy trajectories to achieve trajectory k-anonymity with comprehensively considering side information were generated,user's mobility pattern and the trajectory similarity etc.Without relying on the trusted third party,the scheme could provide trajectory k-anonymity against adversaries with side information by generating (k−1) realistic dummy trajectories.The evaluation results indicate its effectiveness and efficiency.

The well-developed information services has infiltrated in each part of our daily life,various novel ser-vice modes and applications provide us conveniences at the cost of our privacy.This situation becomes more serious with the increasing number of applications and users’ requirements.The privacy issues of scenario-based mechanism in mobile networks have been studied based on analyzing the state-of-the-art research trends.The threat and chal-lenges of privacy disclosure caused by the mobile network services,and review the scenarios,service models and attack models were introduced firstly.Followed,a comprehensive study on current status of background information,quality of services,and resource-restricted related privacy preservation were made.Finally,some key technologies on privacy preservation such as background information modeling and descripting,multi-background information fusion,quality of services descripting and modeling,self-adaptive methods based on historical information,pri-vacy-preserving solutions optimizing energy resources and privacy-preserving schemes equalizing multiple factors etc were posted.

In order to make computationally weak cloud tenants can reconstruct a secret with efficiency and fairness,a cloud outsourcing secret sharing scheme was proposed,which combined cloud outsourcing computation with secret sharing scheme.In the process of outsourcing secret sharing,cloud tenants just need a small amount of decryption and validation operations,while outsource expensive cryptographic operations to cloud service provider (CSP).The scheme,without complex interactive augment or zero-knowledge proof,could detect malicious behaviors of cloud tenants or cloud service providers.And the scheme was secure against covert adversaries.Finally,every cloud tenant was able to obtain the secret fairly and correctly.Security analysis and performance comparison show that scheme is safe and effective.

Aiming at the rich of safety requirements of tasks which resulting in random cross access to multi cipher algorithms, a hierarchical hardware scheduling method was presented with associated control based on data identifica-tion. The first level was responsible for distributing tasks to different cipher clusters, and by optimizing the search logic to achieve rapid distribution of data. The second level was responsible for completing the context-related tasks in scheduling order by adding an association control module and association queues. Intermediate state storage module realized the saving of the intermediate state in serial cipher algorithm modes, which was indexed by task ID. Pre-processing module process data inputted by the succeeding tasks. It is proved that the proposed scheduling algo-rithm solves the problem of random cross encryption and decryption in many-to-many communication model of high-speed data stream.

While providing plenty of convenience for users in daily life, the increasingly popular location-based ser-vice(LBS) posed a serious threat to users' privacy. The research about privacy-preserving techniques for LBS is becoming a hot spot, and there are a large number of research results. First, background information of privacy protection for LBS was introduced, including application scenarios of LBS, the LBS framework, objects of privacy protection and system architectures of privacy protection. Second, adversary models and metrics for privacy protection in LBS was discussed. Third, four types of privacy-preserving techniques based on generalization and obfuscation for LBS were analyzed and summarized thoroughly. Finally, the potential research directions for privacy-preserving techniques for LBS in the future were shown.

The development of location-based services (LBS) caused serious privacy concerns.Semantic-based pri-vacy-preserving approaches is an important part of privacy protection in LBS.The recent work on location privacy protection based on semantics were summarized,including key factors in design of privacy protection,the feasibility of semantic protection,related concepts.Then semantic-based location privacy-preserving mechanisms,measure-ment methods of semantic similarity,evaluation index of privacy for semantic location privacy were discussed.Fi-nally,some future research directions of semantic-based location privacy protection were prospected.

The experiment was to study the effects of Tremella fuciformis by-product on the growth status, liver function, immune function and endurance of mice. Three kinds of Tremella fuciformis by-product were taken and low-mediumhigh dose groups were set respectively. The growth status indexes of mice in each group were recorded, and the immune functional indexes and liver functional indexes were determined. The animal fatigue model was established by swimming experiment to explore the effects of feed on the endurance of mice. The results showed that the low-dose fungus bran group and low-dose fungus bran group could not damage the liver tissue of mice and promote the growth and development of mice. The average daily gain of mice in low-dose fungus bran group, medium-dose fungus bran group and low-dose fungus bran material group was 14.52%, 11.29% and 14.52% higher than that in control group. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was extremely increased (P<0.01) and the content of serum urea nitrogen was extremely decreased (P<0.01), and the endurance of mice was increased. The experiment indicates taht using the bran or pedicle of Tremella fuciformis as feed excipients can promote mouse growth performance, improve immunity ability and endurance without affecting liver function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of cloud storage and save the communication bandwidth, a deduplication mechanism for multi-duplicate of the same data in cloud environment was needed. However, the implement of the secure data deduplication was seriously hindered by the ciphertext in cloud. This issue has quickly aroused wide attention of academia and industry, and became a research hotspot. From a security standpoint, firstly the primary cause and the main challenges of secure data deduplication in cloud environment was analyzed, and then the deduplication system model as well as its security model was described. Furthermore, focusing on the realization mechanism of secure data deduplica-tion, the thorough analyses were carried on and reviews for the related research works in recent years from content-based encryption, proof of ownership and privacy protection for secure deduplication, then the advantages and common prob-lems of various key technologies and methods were summed up. Finally, the future research directions and development trends on secure data deduplication in cloud was given.

Space-ground integration information network consists of space-based backbone network, space-based access network, the node net of foundation, Internet, mobile communication network, which has important significance for the realization of the target of national security strategy. Firstly, the characteristics of space-ground integration network, such as exposed channel, heterogeneous network integration, etc, were analyzed. Also, the corresponding threats from the physical layer, operation layer, data layer were introduced. Secondly, a comprehensive study on current status of surviv-ability, anti-jamming, secure access, secure routing, secure handoff, secure transmission and key management were made. Finally, combined with research status, the important trends were proposed.

To satisfy the requirements of identity authentication and data possession proven in the cloud application scenarios,a provable data possession scheme with authentication was proposed.Based on data tag signature and randomness reusing,the proposed scheme could accomplish several issues with three interactions,including the possession proof of cloud data,the mutual authentication between user and cloud computing server,the session key agreement and confirmation.Compared to the simple combination of authentication key agreement and provable data possession schemes,the proposed scheme has less computation and interactions,and better provable securities.In the random oracle model,the security proof of the proposed scheme is given under the computational Diffie-Hellman assumption.

According to user's requirements on the proxy performance,cost and safety in proxy discovery,and the pri-vacy-preserving issue during the process of the demand private matching,a new private matching algorithm was pre-sented based on Paillier homomorphic encryption,comprehensively considered the attributes of user and agents and their priority.It included four steps:building the similarity function based on Euclidean distance,carrying on the private matching by encryption algorithm,calculating the similarity and screening the proxy chain.Proposed scheme introduced semi trusted primary proxy from the global level,which is to manage all the sub proxy's business type and the connection status,and do the main computational overhead.At the same time,Euclidean distance and Paillier homomorphic encryp-tion algorithm were combined to support the multivariate attributes with priority to match,which can effectively protect the privacy of user and sub proxy.Finally,security analysis and evaluation results show the effectiveness and safety of proposed scheme.

The major challenges faced by the data assured deletion in cloud computing was analyzed,it was observed the main reasons of performing cloud data assured deletion were the characteristics of cloud virtualization and multi-tenancy,as well as the business models of lease and on-demand delivery in cloud computing,and point out three levels of meaning of the cloud data assured deletion.Secondly,the state-of-the-art works on cloud data assured deletion was systematically surveyed from security-oriented view in terms of trusted execution environments,key managements and access control policies.It is also pointed out their highlights,limitations and general problems.Finally,some developing trends of this emerging research field were introduced.

As one of the effective approach to protecting information,access control which makes the information only accessed by legitimate users and prevents information leakage,has been widely used in online social networks.The characteristics of OSN were analyzed.From two angles of access control model and access control strategy,the research of access control in online social networks were discussed deeply,the related research was counted and analyzed.

A novel cyberspace-oriented access control model was proposed,termed as CoAC,which avoided the threats by comprehensively considering vital factors,such as access requesting entity,general tense,access point,device,networks,resource,internet-based interactive graph and chain of resource transmission.By appropriately adjusting these factors,CoAC emulated most of typical access control models and fulfilled the requirements of new information service patterns and dissemination modes.The administrative model of CoAC was also presented and the functions and methods for administrating CoAC were described by utilizing Z-notation.CoAC is flexible and scalable,it can be further refined and expanded to figure out new opportunities and challenges in the upcoming access control techniques.

s: With the widespread application of mobile Internet, cloud computing and big data technologies, people enjoy the convenience of electronic business, information retrieval, social network and other services, whereas the threats of privacy leaks are ever growing due to the use of big data analytics. The differences of privacy protection strategy and ability in different systems bring more difficulties in privacy extended management. In addition, the requirements of pro-tecting the same information at different time need the combination of various privacy protection schemes. However, nearly all the current privacy protection schemes are ing at a single case, which lacks systematic and quantized pri-vacy characterization. Furthermore, there is no systematic computing model describing the relationship between the pro-tection level, profit and loss of privacy leaks and the complexity of integrated privacy protection methods. Based on the analysis on the research status of privacy protection, the concept and connotation of privacy computing is proposed and defined. Then the privacy computing research category will be discussed from the whole life cycle of information privacy protection. Finally, some research directions of privacy computing are given, including privacy computing model, context adaptive cryptology for privacy protection, big data a lytics resisted privacy control and protection, privacy protection based on information hiding and system architecture for high concurrent privacy preserving services.

With rapid developments of mobile devices and online social networks,users of proximity-based mobile social networks (PMSN) could easily discover and make new social interactions with others,but they enjoyed this kind of conveniences at the cost of user privacy and system overhead,etc.To address this problem,a third party free and lightweight scheme to privately match the similarity with potential friends in vicinity was proposed.Unlike most existing work,proposed scheme considered both the number of common attributes and the corresponding priorities on each of them individually.The Bloom filter-based common-attributes estimation and the lightweight confusion binary vector scalar product protocol reduce the system overhead significantly,and can resist against brute force attack and unlimited input attack.The correctness,security and performance of overhead of proposed scheme are then thoroughly analyzed and evaluated via detailed simulations.

The basic characteristics,mutual differences and intrinsic relationships of the internet,mobile internet,internet of things,cloud computing and big data technologies were analyzed,and the evolutions of the information technology and information service mode were deeply studied,the spiraling development trends of information technology and our catching up opportunities were explored,and that the major problem in next generation of in-formation technology was energy consumption was pointed out.Based on the analysis,the security requirements and challenges of the network connections,Industrie 4.0 issues in our cyberspace were analyzed,and that the research on security technology should be synchronized with the development of information technology was presented.Finally,the development opportunities and strategies of our cyberspace security were concluded,and an outlook of the de-velopment trends of the cyberspace security was given.

With the rapid development of network technologies，real-time information exchanging between heterogeneous networks becomes more frequently.To effectively guarantee the secure and real-time information exchanging crossing different networks，a network isolation communication scheme (NICS) is proposed to resist against covert channel.A newly theoretical model of NICS is designed and proved based on the information theory，and followed with a specific solution.Security analysis indicates that the NICS is able to effectively solve problems of the potential packet lengths’ covert channel (PLCC) and the status covert channel (SCC) in most of the existing work; and，given similar amount of information for exchanging，the NICS can achieve equivalent security degree with the physical isolation in terms of resisting against the covert channel.

According to the tendency of development for digital media convergence and management of massive data, a fine-grained hypermedia document description model and its implementation were proposed, basing the analysis of the relationship between the related multidimensional digital media. The method for access control was given, as well as its XML description grammar system. The model could satisfy the demands of convenient and effective management.

In order to solve the problem caused by the variety and openness of the network,the research for the models of structured document and access control were taken.A new structured document representation model and method for the security requirements of the multi-element access control and multi-level security was proposed,and corresponding structure of security attribute and example of extensible markup language (XML) was given.Finally,analyzed the security performance.

The problem of joint blinding estimation of the spread-spectrum sequence and information sequence of DS-SS signals was studied.First,the received signal is divided into double-symbol-period-length temporal vectors,with one-symbol-period overlapping,accumulates of these vectors one by one to form the signal matrix.Then,an operation of singular value decomposition (SVD) may be applied to the matrix to estimate the spread-spectrum and information sequence jointly.The algorithm makes use of a single vector space to estimate the spread-spectrum sequence and information sequence blindly,without known the desynchronization time,even in low SNR.The algorithm is not only unaffected by the type of spreading spectrum sequence,but also avoids to solving the problem of the phase ambiguity when use two vectors to reconstruct spread-spectrum sequence,which based on EVD blinding estimate algorithm.So it heightens the validity of blinding estimation.At last,simulation results demonstrate the validity of the algorithm.

Background and objective Although evidence for a significant survival benefit of chest radiotherapy has been proven, no conclusion could be drawn regarding the optimal timing of chest radiation. The aim of this study is to explore whether the timing of chest radiation may influence the survival of the patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSSCLC) by performing a literature-based meta-analysis. Methods By searching Medline, CENTRAL (the Cochrane central register of controlled trials), CBM, and CNKI, et al, we collected both domestic and overseas published documents about randomized trials comparing different timing chest radiotherapy in patients with LS-SCLC. Early chest radiation was regarded as beginning within 30 days after the start of chemotherapy. Random or fixed effect models were applied to conduct meta-analysis on the trials. The combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the mortality in 2 or 3 years and toxicity of the two treatments. The statistical heterogeneity was determined by cochran’s Chi-square test (Q test). The Begg’ test was used to determine the publication bias. Results Six trials that included a total of 1 189 patients were analyzed in the meta-analysis 587 patients were in the early radiation group and 602 patients were in the late radiation group. Considering all 6 eligible trials, the overall survival at 2/3 years was not significantly different between early and late chest radiation (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.55-1.05, Z=1.68, P=0.093). For the toxicity, no obvious difference was observed for early chest radiotherapy compared with late irradiation in pneumonitis (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 0.97-3.86, P=0.797), esophagitis (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 0.95-2.13, P=0.572) and thrombocytopenia (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 0.88-1.77, P=0.746), respectively. Conclusion No statistical difference was observed in 2/3 years survival and toxicity, including pneumonitis, esophagitis and thrombocytopenia, between early radiation and late radiotherapy in LS-SCLC.

Background and objective Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is an important phase II metabolic enzyme gene which involves metabolism of various carcinogens in human body. Many studies showed that GSTM1 genetic polymorphism was associated with lung cancer risk. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk among Han nationality population in Tianjin district. Methods GSTM1 genetic polymorphism was detected by melting curve analysis of SYBR green I real-time PCR assay. Two hundred and sixty-five histological confirmed lung cancer patients and 307 health controls were recruited in this case-control study and the relationship between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk was investigated. Results (1) The frequency of the GSTM1(-) in lung cancer and control groups was 56.6% and 57.0% respectively, and no significant difference was found between the distribution of the GSTM1(-) genotype in the two groups (χ2=0.831, P=0.362). (2) When considered the GSTM1(+) genotype as reference, there was no overall statistically increased lung cancer risk for carriers with the GSTM1(-) genotype adjusted by age, gender and smoking status (OR=0.840, 95%CI: 0.578-1.221, P=0.362). (3) The frequency of the GSTM1(-) genotype for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, SCLC and other histological types was 65.8%, 48.5%, 47.8% and 52.2% respectively, compared with the control group, no statistically increased lung cancer risk was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion No evidence is found between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk among Han nationality population in Tianjin district.

Background and objective Fourty years ago, Tokuhata and Lilienfeld provided the first epidemiologic evidence of familial aggregation of lung cancer. Familial aggregation and increased familial risk for lung cancer have been reported in several studies, subsequently. But the results are not consistent with each other. The aim of this study is to further explore the relationship between family history of lung cancer and lung cancer risk. Methods By searching PubMed, CENTRAL, CBM, CNKI and VIP, we collected both domestic and overseas published documents before November, 2009 on family history of lung cancer and lung cancer risk. RevMan version 4.2 was used to perform meta-analysis on the case-control study results, the combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as well. Results Twentyeight publications were included into the combined analysis, which indicated that the lung cancer risk of the probands’ firstdegree relatives was 1.88 times higher than that of their controls’ (P

Background and objective It has been proven that cytochrome P450 enzyme 2A13 (CYP2A13) played an important role in the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and human diseases. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a group of isoenzymes, whose sequence homology may interfere with the study for SNP. The aim of this study is to explore the interference on the SNP study of CYP2A13 caused by homologous sequences. Methods Taqman probe was applied to detect distribution of rs8192789 sites in 573 subjects, and BLAST method was used to analyze the amplified sequences. Partial sequences of CYP2A13 were emplified by PCR from 60 cases. The emplified sequences were TA cloned and sequenced. Results For rs8192789 loci in 573 cases, only 3 cases were TT, while the rest were CT heterozygotes, which was caused by homologous sequences. There are a large number of overlapping peaks in identical sequences of 60 cases, and the SNP of 101 amino acid site reported in the SNP database is not found. The cloned sequences are 247 bp, 235 bp fragments. Conclusion The homologous sequences may interfere the study for SNP of CYP2A13, and some SNP may not exist.

Background and objective The relationship between myeloperoxidase G-463A genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility has been studied extensively. However, the outcomes are not consistent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between myeloperoxidase genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility by meta analysis. Methods Documents published were retrieved through databases associated with the study. Taking into account the possibilities of heterogeneity of the studies, a statistical test for heterngeneity was performed. The odds ratio and 95%CI were used to evaluate the risks. The meta analysis was applied with RevMan software 4.2, and the forest plot and funnel plot of meta analysis were worked out. Results A total of 5 381 cases and 5 827 controls from studies for Caucasian and a total of 1 558 cases and 1 755 controls from studies for East Asians were included. For Caucasian the pooled OR was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.81-1.02); For East Asians, the pooled OR is 0.83 (95%CI: 0.63-1.09). Publication bias exits in the study for Caucasian, but not for East Asians. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the polymorphism of myeloperoxidase G-463A was not significantly associated with the lung cancer risk for Caucasian or East Asians. However, further studies for the East Asians is needed for the few subjects.

Background and objective It has been proven that telomerase activation correlates with the carcinogenesis, aggressiveness and turnover of lung cancer. Telomerase is one of the improtant molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and targeting therapy in lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of the combined determination of telomerase activity in induced sputum, pleural effusion and fiberobronchoscopic biopsy in lung cancer patients. Methods The technique of TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocal)-PCR-ELISA was employed to detect telomease levels of induced sputum, pleural effusion and fiberobronchoscopic biopsy in 80 lung cancer patients with pleural effusion and 50 benign pulmonary disease patients with pleural effusion. Results Telomemse levels of induced sputum, pleural effusion and fiberobronchoscopic biopsy were all significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than those with benign pulmonary disease (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the level of telomerase activity between different pathologic types (P>0.05). The sensitivity of induced sputum, pleural effusion and fiberobronchoscopic biopsy were 62.5% (50/80), 46.3% (37/80) and 60.0% (48/80), respectively. The specificity were 72.0% (36/50), 66.0% (33/50) and 70.0% (35/50), respectively. The overall accuracy were 66.2% (86/130), 53.8% (70/130) and 63.8% (83/130), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of combined induced sputum, pleural effusion and fiberobronchoscopic biopsy were 85.0% (68/80), 78.0% (39/50) and 82.3% (107/130), respectively. The sensitivity of telomease level in combined detection for diagnosis of lung cancer was much higher than that in single sample detection (P < 0.01). Conclusion The sensitivity of telomease activity in combined three samples was the highest. It can further improve the accuracy for the diagnosis of lung cancer with pleural effusion.

The authorization decision on resources is the major problem in collaborative information systems.Firstly,the term "action" was defined based on roles,temporal states and environmental states,and the action-based access control（ABAC） model was presented.Then,the access control mechanism based on ABAC for collaborative information sys-tems was introduced.The security association was defined and its producing procedure was proposed,which contains security properties such as user request,user identity,password,role,temporal state,environmental state and lifetime.Finally,to exchange the security properties among user,action server and resources management server,a secure authen-tication protocol was proposed,and its security was proven under the universally composable model.

A new oblivious transfer protocol was proposed within the framework of universally composable security（UC-DT）.The protocol based on the verifiably smooth projective hashing（VSPH） is against adaptive adversaries in a common reference string（CRS） model.The UC-OT protocol improves computational efficiency with non-committing encryptions（NCE）which is based on decisional compounding residuosity,achieves UC-OT,and it saves O（n）-1 rounds in communication efficiency than bit-OT protocols.Compared with Canetti’s scheme in non-erase model,the message reduced once.Compared with Fischlin’s scheme,the message transfers were reduced twice,and the scheme does not rely on the auxiliary party,therefore it is more practical.

In the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition), the term "circumscribed" was used to classify astrocytic gliomas with localized growth characteristics. So far, the descriptions of "diffuse" and "circumscribed", which define the growth mode, have been applied to the classification of gliomas. This paper interprets the content of circumscribed astrocytic gliomas in the new edition tumors classification, introduces the definitions and clinical characteristics of high - grade astrocytoma with piloid features and astroblastoma, MN1 - altered, and analyzes the value and significance of molecular markers and gene changes in the diagnosis and treatment of circumscribed astrocytic gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]