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In order to promote the virtuous cycle of development and protection of marine ecological resources in China, and guarantee the sustainable supply of marine ecological products, this paper analyzed the evolution of marine ecological product value implementation logic based on the definition and characteristics of marine ecological products, combined with the typical model to explore marine ecological product value realization and marine products in China, put forward the value realization of mechanism design. The results showed that the marine ecological products were direct or indirect tangible and intangible products provided by marine ecosystem, to meet people′s growing needs of beautiful marine ecological environment, and had the characteristics of overall externality, non-exclusivity, non-competition and irreversibility. The evolutionary logic of realizing the value of marine ecological products could be divided into 4 stages: marine ecological resources capitalization of marine ecological assets productization of marine ecological capital and monetization of marine ecological products. The value of public and quasi-public marine ecological products corresponded to the realization path of government-led market-oriented and government-market hybrid respectively. In the future, China should strengthen mechanism construction in marine ecological resource property right management, marine ecological product value accounting, marine ecological product value-added, marine ecological resource trade and marine ecological protection compensation.

Objective To observe the effect of a-zearalanol on the osteogenic differentiation by mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods Mouse BMSCs were isolated using whole bone marrow adherence method. After the third generation, the BMSCs were randomly placed into the following subgroups: Control group, OM group, 17β-E2 group, α-ZAL 10-7 mol/L group, α-ZAL 10-6 mol/L group, and α-ZAL 10-5 mol/L group. An inverted microscope was employed to observe the morphological changes of the cells. ALP staining was performed to identify the purity of osteoblasts. MTT test was used to determine the cell proliferation and to draw the growth curve. ALP and BMP-2 were examined using ELISA method. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of osteoprotegrin ( OPG ) and RANKL. Results The proliferation and differentiations of osteoblasts by BMSCs were stimulated by different concentrations of a-zearalanol (P<0.05).ALP activity and BMP-2 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of OPG/RANKL was also up-regulated in osteoblasts (P<0.05). Conclusion α-ZAL can obviously increase the proliferation and differentiations of osteoblasts by BMSCs and can effectively suppress osteoclastogenesis formation by un-regulation of OPG/RANKL. Therefore, it would be an alternative of hormones in the treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of arctigenin(ARG) on adriamycin(ADM) resistance of leukemia cell line K562/A02 and the underlying mechanism., Methods: Human leukemia cell line K562 and ADM-resistant cell line K562/A02 were cultured and treated with 2.5-50 µmol/L ADM. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 method, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was calculated. K562/A02 cells were treated with different concentrations of ARG (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mmol/L) to detect the effect of ARG on K562/A02 cells, and a suitable concentration (2 mmol/L) was selected for subsequent experiments. K562/A02 cells were treated with 2 mmol/L ARG and 5 µmol/L ADM, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of P-gp, MRP, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 proteins and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blot. TLR4 overexpression plasmid was transfected into K562/A02 cells which were co-treated with ARG and ADM, then drug sensitivity and cell apoptosis were measured., Results: The IC 50 value of ADM on K562/A02 cells was 36.57 µmol/L, which was significantly higher than that on K562 cells (1.30 µmol/L). ARG with a concentration of ≤2 mmol/L did not have a significant effect on K562/A02 cells. 2 mmol/L ARG significantly reduced the IC 50 of ADM on K562/A02 cells. In 5 µmol/L ADM-treated K562/A02 cells, compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate of K562/A02 cells in the ARG group was significantly increased, the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, Bax proteins were significantly upregulated, the expressions of P-gp, MRP, Bcl-2, TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κB proteins were significantly downregulated, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). After transfection with TLR4 overexpression plasmid, the sensitivity of ARG-treated K562/A02 cells to ADM was reduced ( P < 0.05), the cell apoptosis was decreased, and the expressions of P-gp, MRP, Bcl-2 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were significantly elevated, while the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: ARG may reverse the resistance of human leukemia cell line K562/A02 to ADM by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

As a common soft tissue disease, the mechanism of tendinopathy has not been clarified and is lack of effective treatment method. Change of tissue fibrosis is the one of the main pathological features. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), which is one of the important factor, participated in fibrosis. Inconsonant expressions of TGF-β1 could be found in tendinopathy. The studies are still controversial, but the vast majority of studies had showed that TGF-β1 was abnormal, and it is given priority to increase, which means that TGF-β1 plays an important role in the process of tendinopathy. In the process of tendon injuries and repairs, the time of TGF-β1 increasing is inconsistent. The time for TGF-β1 plays a significant role has not been determined. TGF-β1 has abnormal expressions in both tendinopathy and tendon repairs, which are two opposite processes. Thus, it may not be a one-way adjustment factor, but has a pleiotropic. Recent studies showed that TGF-β1 was considered as binding to receptor and transferring signal into the cell. Now there are three different receptors are found. The classical pathway of TGF-β1 in intracellular signal transduction is mainly through activation of Smad pathway. In the same time, there are also some non-classical pathways. TGF-β1 could break balance of extracellular matrix, which may be a reason to cause tendinopathy. But the regulations of TGF-β1 on the extracellular matrix are complex and diverse, further studies are required. Existing researches showed that the performance of treatments on tendinopathy is unsatisfied by blocking TGF-β1 downstream pathway. Therefore, it is a good way to study the upstream mechanism of produce TGF-β1. It may be an effective method to find new targets to inhibit the development of tendinopathy better by finding the original source of TGF-β1., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To detect serum content of cofilin protein in patients with lung cancer and investigate its clinical value., Methods: The serum content of cofilin protein was detected in 30 cases of lung cancer and 30 healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: The mean serum content of cofilin protein was 0.485∓0.465 ng/ml in patients with lung cancer and 0.203∓0.102 ng/ml in the control subjects, showing a significant difference between them (P<0.05). The content of cofilin protein in patients with stage III and IV lung cancer 0.744∓0.584 ng/ml, significantly higher than that in stage II patients (0.257∓0.126 ng/ml)., Conclusion: Serum cofilin protein is elevated in patients with lung cancer, especially in cases in advanced stages, suggesting its relation with lung cancer staging.

Objective: To detect the expression of non-secretory CXCL16 and its impact on malignant biological behaviors in breast cancer cell lines., Methods: RT-PCR was carried out to examine the expression of CXCL16 mRNA in breast cancer cell lines with different aggressiveness SK-BR-3, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S and human mammary normal epithelial cell; MCF-10A. The eukaryotic expression plasmid of CXCL16 was transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells and overexpression of CXCL16 was confirmed by Real time PCR and Western blot. Boyden Chamber assay was used to determine cell migration and invasion, while MTT assay was performed to determine cell proliferation., Results: Among four breast cancer cell lines, CXCL16 mRNA was highly expressed in MCF-7, lowly expressed in MDA-MB-231, while MCF-10A faintly expressed CXCL16. Overexpression of CXCL16 led to a decrease in cell migration, invasion but not proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells., Conclusion: Expression of non-secretory CXCL16 is associated with aggressiveness of breast cancer cell lines, and CXCL16 expression inhibits cell migration and invasion in vitro.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and multimodal navigation in surgical resection of glioblastoma., Methods: Between February 2009 and July 2010, 76 glioblastoma patients underwent surgical resection guided by iMRI and multimodal navigation. The cohort consisted of 43 male and 33 female patients, with a mean age of 49 years (range: 14-79 years). Rates of gross total resection (GTR) and extent of resection (EoR) were calculated at first and final iMRI scans.Pearson χ(2) test was used to compare the rates of GTR., Results: iMRI and multimodal navigation were successfully implemented in all cases. Rates of GTR were misestimated by neurosurgeons in 24 cases (31.6%), which were confirmed by first iMRI. Total tumor resection were achieved in 20 cases (26.3%) as a result of iMRI scan, increasing the rates of gross total resection from 52.6% to 78.9% (χ(2) = 11.692, P = 0.001). Extent of resection in 28 patients who underwent further tumor resection were increased from 81.5% to 98.1%, leading to the overall extent of resection improved from 92.3% to 98.4%. At 3-month follow-up, 3 cases (3.9%) developed permanent neurologic deficits. The mean clinical follow-up was 15.6 months (range 3.0-45.0 months). The 2-year overall survival rate was 19.7%. The median progression-free survival of gross total resection group was 12 months (95% CI: 10.1-13.9 months), compared with 9 months (95%CI: 7.9-10.1 months) of the subtotal resection group (χ(2) = 4.756, P = 0.029). The overall survival of gross total resection group was 16 months (95% CI: 13.7-18.3 months), compared with 12 months (95% CI: 9.7-14.3 months) of the subtotal resection group (χ(2) = 7.885, P = 0.005)., Conclusion: Combined with multimodal navigation, iMRI helps maximize surgical resection of glioblastoma, preserving neurological function while increasing progression-free survival and overall survival.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation for frameless stereotactic biopsy., Methods: From January to December 2012, 32 patients with brain lesions underwent frameless stereotactic biopsy guided by positron emission tomograph (PET) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)-based multimodal neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). The cohort consisted of 16 male and 16 female patients, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 7 - 62 years). Biopsy targets were identified according to PET and (1)H-MRS. Biopsy was performed with Varioguide frameless biopsy system. Diagnostic yield and complications were assessed., Results: Metabolism images-based multimodal neuronavigation and iMRI were successfully implemented in all cases. iMRI confirmed accuracy of biopsy targets. All the specimens obtained pathological diagnosis, the diagnostic yield was 100%. In 1 patient, iMRI found small hematoma (< 5 ml), surgical evacuation wasn't needed with intraoperative complication rate 3.1%. With the help of multimodal neuronavigation, no patients had new or worsened neurologic deficits., Conclusions: Integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation provide not only anatomical, but also metabolic and functional information for frameless stereotaxy, increasing diagnostic yield and avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits.

Objective: To evaluate the influences of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) on the extent of resection (EoR) in low-grade gliomas., Methods: Fifty-nine patients with low-grade gliomas underwent microsurgeries under the guidance of high-field iMRI and functional neuro-navigation. The rates of gross total removal and EoR were recorded after initial and final iMRI scans and neurological performances were evaluated peri-operatively and at follow-up., Results: iMRI and functional neuronavigation were successfully performed in all patients. Initial iMRI found that the rates of gross total removal were misestimated in 21 cases (35.6%). In 17 cases (28.8%), initial iMRI revealed resectable residual tumors and further resection achieved gross total removal in 8 cases (13.6%). iMRI boosted the level of EoR from 90% ± 15% to 94% ± 12% (P < 0.001) in all cases and from 78% ± 17% to 91% ± 12% in 17 cases undergoing further tumor resections. At 3-month follow-up, 2 cases (3.4%) developed neurological deficits., Conclusion: The combination of iMRI and functional neuronavigation helped maximize safe tumor resection in low-grade gliomas.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of VarioGuide in stereotactic brain biopsy., Methods: Fifteen patients with brain lesions underwent frameless stereotactic brain biopsy guided by VarioGuide and multimodal neuronavigation. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) was used to confirm the accuracy of biopsy. And the VarioGuide-related adverse events, operative duration, surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded respectively., Results: In all patients, VarioGuide and multimodal neuronavigation were successfully integrated into the biopsy procedure. No VarioGuide-related adverse events were reported. The mean operative duration was (65 ± 8) min. The biopsy accuracy was confirmed by iMRI in all cases. And the postoperative histological diagnostic rate was 100%. No mortality and morbidity occurred postoperatively., Conclusion: The combined approach of VarioGuide and multimodal neuronavigation is accurate, safe and efficient. It may improve the histological diagnostic rate without postoperative neurological deficits in stereotactic brain biopsy.

Objective: To offer both the accurate three-dimensional anatomical information and algorithmic morphology of perforators in the lower leg for perforator flaps design., Methods: The cadaver was injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture. Radiography was first performed and the images were analyzed using the software Photoshop and Scion Image. Then spiral CT scan was also performed and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed with MIMICS 10.01 software., Results: There are (27 +/- 4) perforators whose outer diameter > or = 0.5 mm ( average, 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm). The average pedicle length within the superficial fascia is (37.3 +/- 18.6) mm. The average supplied area of each perforator is (49.5 +/- 25.5) cm2. The three-dimensional model displayed accurate morphology structure and three-dimensional distribution of the perforator-to- perforator and perforator-to-source artery., Conclusions: The 3D reconstruction model can clearly show the geometric, local details and three-dimensional distribution. It is a considerable method for the study of morphological characteristics of the individual perforators in human calf and preoperative planning of the perforator flap.

Objective: To understand the status of national surveillance sites of schistosomiasis in Fuqing City and Xiapu County., Methods: According to the National Scheme of Shistosomiasis Surveillance, the data of the surveillance and field survey in the national surveillance sites of schistosomiasis of Fuqing City and Xiapu County were collected and analyzed statistically from 2006 to 2009., Results: Twenty residual Oncomelania snail points and 8 villages with snails were found in 36 surveillance sites. The snail areas were 35 900 m2. Serological examinations were conducted in 3 109 residents, and 17 persons were positive, 280 mobile persons from schistosomiasis endemic areas were examined serologically, and 10 persons were positive, among whom 2 had eggs and miracidia in their stools. A total of 122 appendix samples were examined, and no schistosome eggs were found. Totally 527 head of farm cattle in the region with snails were examined by stool tests, and no schistosome eggs were found., Conclusion: The areas of residual snails are large and wide spread, and the imported patients are found frequently, so the long-term surveillance and control are necessary.

Objective: To analyze the clinical value of dual-source CT (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease., Methods: Fifty-five patients with suspected coronary heart disease underwent both DSCT coronary angiography (DSCTCA) and selective coronary angiography (CAG) examination, and the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the DSCTCA was evaluated., Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy of DSCT in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease were 97.7%, 72.6%, 93.5%, 88.9% and 92.7% by the number of patients, respectively; by calculating the coronary arteries, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy were 94.9%, 95.8%, 92.5%, 97.1%, 95.5%, respectively. According to the lesion segment, these values were 88.2%, 96.9%, 90.5%, 96.1%, 94.7%, respectively. DSCTCA showed no significant difference from CAG for a diagnostic purpose, nor did their vessel sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy in different coronaries differ significantly., Conclusion: DSCT has a diagnostic accuracy of coronary heart disease close to that CAG and can on some occasion serve as an alternative to CAG in the screening of coronary artery disease.

Objective: To investigate the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in ice cream by phenotypic typing and molecular typing., Methods: The Staphylococcus aureus isolates were separated from ice cream, filler, cutter, salves and material. The separated isolates were characterized by drug-resistance, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SEA-E), SE (A-E, G-J) genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types., Result: Two Staphylococcus aureus isolates were separated, one from ice cream, another from cutter. Their characteristics of drug-resistance, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SEA-E), SE (A-E,G-J) genes and PFGE type were the same., Conclusion: The two Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the same clone. The contaminated Staphylococcus aureus isolates could be traced to the contaminated cutters.

Objective: To investigate the culture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from peripheral blood in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to observe the cells shape and determine the cell number and proliferation activity., Methods: Ninety-five patients were divided into a CHD group(n=65) and a control group (n=30). The mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with CHD before, right after and 4 days after PCI by Ficoll-density centrifugation. The isolated cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with VEGF165 and bFGF.EPCs were characterized as adherent cells of double positive for DiL-acLDL uptake and FITC-UEA-I binding by direct fluorescent staining under a fluorescence microscope. The EPCs specific surface mark CD34 and KDR were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. The cell shapes were analysed and the number of colony-forming units(CFU) was counted by phase-contrast microscope., Results: The number of EPCs reduced in patients with CHD before the PCI, but the cell number was significantly increased in patients with CHD after the PCI, and the number reduced in patients with CHD 4 days after the PCI. How-ever, the number of CFUs did not change in patients before and after the PCI., Conclusion: PCI can increase endothelial progenitor cells in patients after the PCI; but 4 days after the PCI, this increase will not exist.

Objective: To investigate the Methods for culturing two types of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from human umbilical cord blood and study their differentiation traits and the depressant effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on its proliferation., Methods: Mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh cord blood by 6% hydroxyethyl starch(HES) and density gradient centrifugation.Isolated cells were cultured in the medium supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF). The growth characteristics and biological features of the cells were observed at different time points and identified by morphology,immunofluorescence staining,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry.Attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of ADMA (1,5, and 10 micromol/L) for 24,48, and 72 hours. Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and quantified colony forming units (CFUs) were used to assess the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells., Results: The attached cells were divided into 2 types:early EPC and late EPC. Early EPC changed from small sized round cells to spindle shaped cells and late EPC formed a typical cobblestone-like cells. Fluorescence microscopy showed that EPC were positive for both Dil-acLDL uptake and FITC-UEA-I binding.RT-PCR and FACS showed the difference of endothelial cell-specific,gene expression and changed AC133,CD34, and KDR among different times.Incubation of EPC with ADMA dose and time-dependently decreased the number and the proliferation of EPC., Conclusion: There are 2 types of EPC from a source of human umbilical cord blood and ADMA may depress the EPC proliferation, providing a basis for further research.

Objective: To explore the effect of melatonin(Mel) on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from human umbilical cord blood in vitro., Methods: Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood in vitro by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days, the attached cells were divided into 7 groups: a control group (normal cells), 3 ox-LDL groups[the attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of ox-LDL(5,10,and 20mg/L) for 24 hours], and 3 Mel groups[the attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of Mel (0.5,1.0, and 2.0 mmol/L) respectively for 24 hours before incubation with 10 mg/L ox-LDL]. EPC was identified by examining the expression of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2(VEGFR-2) and CD133 under a laser scanning confocal microscope. We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to detect the effect of Mel and ox-LDL on the multiplication ability of EPC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected respectively by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry technology., Results: After being exposed to the ox-LDL, the proliferation of EPC in the 3 ox-LDL groups was lower, and the apoptosis rate was higher than that in the control group in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01); Mel was added at different concentrations before the ox-LDL incubation, and the cells in the 3 Mel groups showed higher proliferation and lower apoptosis rate than those of the 3 ox-LDL groups (P<0.01). Expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein of EPC in the 3 Mel groups was higher than that in the 3 ox-LDL groups (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Ox-LDL can inhibit the proliferation of EPC and promote the apoptosis of the cells by down-regulating the bcl-2 expression. Mel can inhibit these effects of ox-LDL.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term, and long-term therapeutic effects of combination therapy with perindopril and irbesartan in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were administered adriamycin intraperitoneally to develop DCM. Grouping of rats: Group A contained normal rats, and Group B contained DCM rats. Both Group A and B were not given drug treatment. Group C and D contained DCM rats, however, Group C was administered perindopril 2mg/(kg x d) while Group D was administered perindopril 1mg/(kg x d) and irbesartan 25mg/(kg x d). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; plasma potassium and creatinine were measured; the pathological lesions of cardiac muscle tissues were evaluated after HE staining; and the survival time of each rat during the intervention was recorded., Results: After the three-week intervention, the plasma concentrations of BNP in Group D were lower than those in Group C (P<0.05). In each group, plasma concentrations of potassium and creatinine showed no significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention (P>0.05); pathological lesions of cardiac muscle tissues in both Group C and D were attenuated compared with those in Group B (P<0.01), but pathological lesions of cardiac muscle tissues showed no significant differences between Group C and Group D (P>0.05). Log-rank test showed that the life span of Group C was shorter than that of Group D (P<0.05); Cox regression analysis showed that both combination therapy and monotherapy with perindopril could prolong the survival time, but the effect of combination therapy was more obvious., Conclusion: Combination therapy with perindopril and irbesartan in a rat model of DCM can more effectively improve the cardiac function and long-term prognosis than those monotherapy with perindopril. Both these two treatment plans can attenuate the pathological lesions of cardiac muscle tissues, without elevating the concentrations of plasma potassium and creatinine.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria and endothelial-dependent relaxing function and atherosclerosis of common carotid artery (CCA) in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH)., Methods: Sixty-four aged EH patients were recruited. According to the albumin excretion rate (AER) in the urine measured by immunoturbidimetry, patients were divided into 2 groups: normoalbuminuria group (NAU group) and microalbuminuria group (MAU group). Thirty aged persons without EH were served as the control group. The endothelium-dependent relaxing function of blood vessels, intima-media thickness (IMT) and the plaque of CCA were measured by color Doppler ultrasound., Results: The flow-mediated dilation in the MAU group [(4.98+/-1.35)%] and that in the NAU group [(6.31+/-1.14)%] were significantly lower than that in the control group [(9.09+/-1.83)%, P<0.05, respectively], especially lower in the MAU group. The IMT of CCA in the MAU group [(0.97+/-0.19)mm] and that in the NAU group [(0.86+/-0.10)mm] were significantly thicker than that in the control group [(0.78+/-0.13)mm] (P<0.05, respectively), especially thicker in the MAU group. The analysis of multiple stepwise regression showed that the microalbuminuria was successively related to EDF, the IMT of CCA, the plaque index of CCA, systolic blood pressure, etc., Conclusion: EDF is impaired, and there is the atherosclerosis of CCA in aged patients with EH. Microalbuminuria correlates with the decrease of endothelium-dependent relaxing function and the IMT of CCA in aged patients with EH.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with acute myocardial infarction., Methods: One hundred and twenty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled in this study. During the period from 6 to 21 days after onset of acute myocardial infarction, they were undergone 24-hour Holter recordings to collect the mean RR interval and heart rate variability (HRV) SDNN. The Holter files were processed with software of "HRT! View V0.60-1" to obtain the value of Turbulence Onset (TO) and Turbulence Slope (TS) and the value of "heart rate variability (HRV) SDNN". LVEF and EDD were measured by Ultrasonic Cardiography. Endpoint of follow-up was cardiac death. According to the results, patients were divided into two groups (the "survivors" and the "nonsurvivors"). The predictive value for high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction was assessed by variables between the two groups., Results: In the period of follow-up (mean 225.4 +/- 99.8 days), 14 patients died and 111 patients survived. In the univariate Cox regression analysis, "TS" was a strong univariate predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 11.46, P < 0.01); "TO" was a relatively weak predictor and the hazard ratio was 2.76 (P > 0.05). Combination of abnormal TO and abnormal TS was the strongest mortality predictor (hazard ratio 26.70, P < 0.01); in the multivariate Cox regression analysis, TS < or = 2.5 ms/RR and EDD > or = 5.6 cm were the independent predictors of mortality with hazard ratios 9.49 (P < 0.01) and 3.64 (P < 0.05), respectively., Conclusions: The absence of the heart rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats is a very potent post-infarction risk predictor which is independent of and stronger than other known risk predictors.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy on malignant ventricular arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)., Methods: Beta-blockers, atenolol or betaloc, were given at the doses of 3.125 to 12.500 mg twice or 3 times a day (Bid or Tid) for management of malignant ventricular arrhythmia in 6 patients with AMI on the basis of conventional therapy. Increasing dosage of 25 to 50 mg was later initiated according to the patients' condition. In 2 cases that failed to respond to conventional antiarrhythmic, esmolol was administered via intravenous injection (5-10 mg) to control malignant ventricular arrhythmia within approximately 30 min, followed by a 2-day course of intravenous infusion at the rate of 1 to 2 mg/min., Results: Five AMI patients survived while death occurred in 1 case due to heart failure. No deterioration of the cardiac function or proarrhythmic effect was observed in the 5 survival cases, but the occurrence of transient hypotension in 2 cases in the early stage of beta-blocker application and death due to cardioc insufficiency in one., Conclusion: Adequate use of beta-blockers is necessary in the early stage of AMI for effective control of malignant ventricular arrhythmia and lowering the mortality.

Grafting hydrogels onto silicone rubber membranes were prepared by radiation technique for medical application. This material is characterized by high purity, hydrophilia, formation of stable hydrogel after water absorption, good biocompatibility, etc. Clinical application was initiated on the basis of animal experiments. The material was used in 47 cases of joint and tendon injuries, in 9 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and in 4 other cases; totaling 60 cases. All patients were followed up for three and a half years after surgical operation. A general effectiveness of above 86% was noted.