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Due to the common characteristics of major communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases targeted by major disease prevention and control measures – such as variability and ambiguity – both face common challenges in the implementation of group strategy. Additionally, these strategies must be conducted within the units/institutions/communities where people work, study, and live, focusing on groups rather than individuals, thus inherently involving organizational behavior. This paper proposes addressing the common issues of group prevention and control of major diseases from the perspective of organizational behavior, leveraging collective power through organizational roles. Moreover, based on relevant studies, it preliminarily introduces four organizational behavior elements aimed at addressing these common issues and analyzes the interrelationships among these four elements.

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of nine active components in the fermented tea of Trametes versicolor, and analyze the changes of nine active components and antioxidant activities fermentation before and after. Methods: Using gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, an Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used with a mobile of 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 280 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results: Compared with the control group unfermented green tea, there was no significant change in the caffeine content of fermented tea. The increasing rates of gallic acid, theobromine and gallatechin gallate content in fermented tea were 0.4613%, 0.3118% and 0.5770%, respectively. The decreasing rates of egallatechin, theophylline, epigallocatechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate content in fermented tea were 0.0156%, 0.0178%, 1.2938%, 1.1062% and 4.0241%, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity studies revealed that DPPH· scavenging capacity and ·OH scavenging capacity were significantly (P

Objective To conduct Rh blood group serological testing and third-generation sequencing(TGS) on 22 RhD variant voluntary blood donors in Chongqing and explore the phenotypic distribution and genotyping of RhD variants in Chongqing. Methods From January to August 2023, individuals who participated in blood donation in our blood center were selected as the study objects. RhD variant phenotype identification was performed using routine serological methods. Once the RhD variants were identified, tests on different antigenic epitopes of RhD were conducted using a D-screen assay kit. Furthermore, after the genomic DNA from 22 RhD variant blood samples was extracted, imbraided primers design and multi-segment amplification and splicing were used to sequence the full-length RHD gene for TGS. The RHD gene sequence was analyzed using SnapGene software. Results Among the 22 RhD variants, 8 were DVI type 3 (36.36%), with the main mutation of RHD-CE (3-6)-D hybrid allele. Six cases (27.27%) showed partial weak D15 type, with the main mutation of c.845G>A. There were 6 cases of Asia type Del (27.27%), with the main mutation of c.1227G>A. One case was weak D17 type with a mutation of c.340C>T and 1 case speculated to be partial D (c.491A>T, p. Asp164Val, missense mutation). Conclusion The most common RhD variant phenotype among blood donors in Chongqing is DVI type 3, and the full-length haplotype sequence of RHD variant alleles can be obtained by Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time sequencing(SMRT).

Objective To explore the causes and nursing strategies of red blood cell spillage in apheresis platelet donors, so as to avoid adverse reactions to blood donation and platelet discarding and improve blood donation services. Methods A nursing flowchart for red blood cell spillage was developed based on literature. One case of red blood cell spillage in a apheresis platelet donor as attached, and corresponding literature review was conducted. Results After the nursing intervention through the nursing flowchart of red cell spillage, platelet apheresis was successfully conducted. The donor felt good and did not experience any adverse reaction to blood donation, and with no more red blood cell spillage. By reviewing relevant literature, the incidence, principles, causes, treatments, prevention of adverse reactions to blood donation and psychological care methods of red blood cell spillage were systematically summarized. Conclusion Red blood cell spillage in apheresis platelet donors occurs occasionally, and a flowchart of care for red blood cell spillage can help blood station staff quickly identify the cause and handle it correctly to avoid mishandling whicn can result in adverse reactions or discarding of platelets.

ObjectiveTo solve the problems of the fluctuating pressure and acoustic radiation of a cascade in turbulence, the theory of the cascade response function is introduced and analyzed. MethodsThe theory assumes that cascade blades have no thickness, and the integral expression of the cascade scattering field is solved by the Wiener−Hopf method, so that the analytical expression of the velocity potential of the cascade scattering field and the unsteady pressure coefficient of the cascade surface can be obtained, and the radiated sound power of the outer watershed of the cascade can be further obtained. The pressure coefficient and radiated sound power of the cascade are calculated by the analytical formula and compared with the results of the numerical method. The function is further extended to underwater, and the unsteady forces predicted by the cascade response function and Sears function are compared. ResultsThe results obtained by the analytical method and numerical method are consistent.The frequency spectrum curves of the cascade unsteady lift coefficient calculated by the cascade response function and Sears function have the same trend. ConclusionThe calculated results of the cascade response function are slightly lower than those of the Sears function in amplitude. However, compared with the cascade response function, the Sears function in a single wavenumber domain cannot take into account the effects of the placement angle, trim and sideslope on the unsteady lift of the cascade.

Objective To explore the development method of coronavirus gene chip, and to establish a method for rapid qualitative detection of nucleic acids of 7 coronaviruses and 2 influenza viruses in respiratory infection samples such as human throat swabs, sputum, and alveolar lavage fluid. Methods According to the gene sequences of 10 kinds of respiratory infection viruses published on the Internet, the corresponding primers and probe sequences were designed.After screening and verification by agarose gel electrophoresis, the probes were spotted on the aldehyde base modified substrate, completed the detection chip fabrication. Results The PCR amplification product was diluted by 10-fold serial dilution method and then detected by gene chip.The results showed that the lowest detection concentration that could form hybridization spots was 103copies/mL. Conclusion The developed coronavirus gene chip has good specificity and sensitivity, and can be used for simultaneous high-throughput and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.

Objective The inversion of magnetotelluric sounding data to improve the accuracy of data interpretation has always been an essential topic in magnetotelluric sounding. Methods To address the problems of traditional magnetotelluric inversion methods, such as the dependence of the initial model and the ease of falling into a local optimum, this paper proposes a magnetotelluric inversion method based on deep learning.The method begins with the design of the GoogLeNetINV neural network. Then, various geoelectric models are constructed, and apparent resistivity data are extracted via forward modelling in the TM mode, constituting the training dataset. Additionally, the neural network is trained with the training dataset, and the network parameters are adjusted. Finally, the apparent resistivity data are input into the trained GoogLeNetINV neural network to directly obtain the inversion result. Results The experimental results reveal that the location and resistivity data of the "unlearned" geoelectric model can be inverted quickly and accurately, and the model has good generalization ability. The use of noise data can still yield good inversion results and a certain anti-noise ability. Conclusion The neural network is applied to the field data processing of the Bendigo Zone, and the resistivity model derived through inversion is consistent with the seismic interpretation. Consequently, the magnetotelluric inversion method based on deep learning can effectively solve the magnetotelluric inversion problem.

Using kale, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and purple carrot as the main raw materials, and angel Lactobacillus as fermentation strains, the purple carrot compound fermented beverage was prepared. Orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the sugar addition, inoculum amount, fermentation temperature and fermentation time. Results showed that the optimal sugar addition of the fermented vegetable beverage was 7%, the lactic acid bacteria inoculation amount was 5‰, the fermentation temperature was 41 ℃, the fermentation time was 38 h. The final compound fermented beverage with moderate sour and sweetness taste, and bright red color was obtained. And the total sugar was 0.21 g/L, the total acid was 0.38 g/L, the dietary fiber content was 0.41 g/L, the number of Lactobacillus was 7.42×107 CFU/g, the sensory score was 93.3. A total of 71 volatile flavor substances were detected, mainly ketones and aldehydes, followed by alcohols, acids, esters and other compounds. Among them, the highest concentrations of geranylacetone, acetic acid and (2E)-2-decenal were 15.60%, 13.14% and 6.40%, respectively, which were the main sources of fermented beverage flavor. This study provides new ideas for the development of vegetable beverages and provides a reference for the further development of agricultural and sideline products.

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have skin barrier dysfunction, which is closely related to keratinocyte (KC) abnormalities. Upon stimulation by external factors, KCs release a large number of inflammatory mediators, thereby activating type 2 inflammation, which, in turn, exacerbates skin barrier dysfunction. Thus, the interaction between KCs and type 2 inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD, and exacerbation of inflammation and pruritus. At present, the innovative medications, such as biologics and small molecule drugs, have been shown anti-inflammatory effects in AD. Studies also demonstrate their role in skin barrier repair. Therefore, research on the interaction between KCs and type 2 inflammation will help understand the pathogenesis of AD and provide evidence to optimize treatment strategies for AD.

Macadamia nut polypeptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of macadamia nut meal, and suitable proteases for the preparation of macadamia antioxidant polypeptides were screened with ABTS+ radical scavenging effects as evaluation indicators. Four constituents (MNAP-1, MNAP-2, MNAP-3, MNAP-4) were obtained by DA201-C macroporous resin and dialysis technology. The scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radicals) radical (ABTS+·), and reducing power were investigated by comparing with glutathione as controls. The results showed that the suitable protease was complex protease for the preparation of macadamia antioxidant polypeptides, which was better than neutral protease, acid protease, alkaline protease, papain and bromelain at the same concentration. Antioxidant activities of different molecular weight macadamia nut polypeptides were different, which all had strong scavenging capacity against DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, and also had certain scavenging capacity against hydroxyl radical and reducing power. MNAP-4 (molecular weight less than 1000 Da) had the strongest scavenging capacity against DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radicals and the highest reducing power with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.36, 6.75, 0.08 and 3.19 mg/mL, respectively, which was lower than other molecular weight polypeptides. Correlation analysis showed different molecular weight macadamia nut polypeptides had good correlations with their DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS+ radicals scavenging capacity and reducing power with r values of 0.947, 0.964, 0.948 and 0.856 (P

BackgroundCivil aviation pilots are actual operators of civil aircraft. Their job operations are directly associated with passenger safety and flight safety. Unsafe aviation operations are related to fatigue caused by poor sleep quality. Recently, with the promotion of China's air transportation business, irregular working hours of civil aviation pilots rise gradually. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the influence of working conditions on sleep quality in this group.ObjectiveTo explore potential impact factors of sleep quality among civil aviation pilots, for the purposes of improving sleep quality and health level of this group and ensuring aviation flight safety by formulating health management suggestions in a targeted manner.MethodsAll pilots of an aviation company were approached when they visited the Shanghai Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China for their health examinations. After informed consent, an online questionnaire survey was conducted. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect information on general conditions, lifestyle, and subjective work stress levels. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. A total of 1204 valid questionnaires were recovered. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software.ResultsThere were 410 pilots (16.8%) who reported sleep disorders, including insufficient sleep time, difficulty falling asleep, and poor sleep quality, and 894 pilots (74.3%) who reported moderate to severe work stress. Associations were identified between sleep quality of pilots and work stress or lifestyle indicators (P

To evaluate the antioxidant activity and potential of propolis, Tibetan propolis and its simulated digestive juice were analyzed for its chemical composition (contents of total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC)), reducing power and antioxidant activity (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, metal iron chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability). The results showed that the contents of TPC and TFC in Tibetan propolis were 7.02% and 10.05%, respectively. The contents of TPC and TFC in simulated digestive juices were diminished. The contents of TPC and TFC in simulated gastric digestive juices (2 h) were 0.43% and 6.43%, respectively. The contents of TPC and TFC in simulated intestinal digestive juices (2 h) were 0.32% and 5.11%, respectively. The highest values of antioxidant activity was achieved at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, and the values of reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal iron chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability in Tibetan propolis were 0.35, 96.60%, 92.53%, 19.96% and 97.01%, respectively. Reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity of simulated gastric digestive juices exhibited an increasing trend, with respect to the undigested sample. The highest values of reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 0.39 and 95.69%, respectively. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, metal iron chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of simulated gastric digestive juices exhibited a decreasing trend, with respect to the undigested sample. Simulated intestinal digestive had higher hydroxyl radical scavenging rates, metal ion chelation rates and lipid peroxidation inhibition rates than simulated gastric digestive, with highest values of 99.72%, 69.26% and 80.69%, respectively, the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging rate experienced a decreasing tendency, but the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate remained at 74.74%. All of these suggested that Tibetan propolis had high antioxidant activity. During in vitro digestion, antioxidant indicators significantly changed, but the changing trend of each indicator was inconsistent. Several indicators still performed well. Tibetan propolis can be used as a premium natural antioxidant.

The vast ocean is a treasure trove of human resources, especially the depths of the ocean, which are rich in mineral and biological resources. Human demand for resources is increasing day by day, and with the continuous depletion of terrestrial resources, this special area of the deep seabed is undoubtedly of great strategic importance. In order to effectively protect and utilize the deep seabed resources, China promulgated and implemented the Law of the People′s Republic of China on Exploration and Development of Resources in Deep Seabed Areas in 2016, which was an important step for China to actively practice its obligations as a guarantor state and provided a legal basis for the reasonable investigation and development of deep-sea resources. This paper analyzed the necessity of deep-sea resources investigation and the main achievements of deep-sea resources investigation in China, sorted out a series of laws and norms involving deep-sea resources investigation such as the Law of the People′s Republic of China on Exploration and Development of Resources in Deep Seabed Areas, and focused on the current progress of deep-sea resources investigation equipment in China. Finally, an outlook on deep-sea resource survey equipment for sustainable utilization of deep-sea resources was given.

As a safe and convenient type of products, umami-based seasoning has become an important technical support for high-quality and rapid development of catering and food industry. This article focus on umami substances and umami-based seasonings, introduces the umami substances including free amino acids, flavoring nucleotides, umami peptides and its ingredients, and expanding the interaction of taste compounds. The preparation of umami-based seasonings included physical, chemical, biological and combination methods. Besides, application of umami-based seasonings in food acceptance and nutritional value enhancement, recipe solution and prefabricated dishes formulation are summarized. Finally, the research areas of umami-based seasonings are also prospected, so as to provide reference for the research and development of safe, delicious, and healthy umami-based seasonings, to improve its value in food industry as well.

It is difficult to quantify and certify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in the entire process of a project of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Under the methodological framework for GHG voluntary emission reduction project, the carbon emission reduction accounting method for CCUS-EOR project was established after examining the accounting boundaries in process links, the baseline emission and project emission accounting methods, and the emission and leakage quantification and prediction models, in order to provide a certification basis for the quantification of GHG emission reduction in the CCUS-EOR project. Based on the data of energy consumption, emission and leakage monitoring of the CCUS-EOR industrial demonstration project in Jilin Oilfield, the net emission reduction efficiency is determined to be about 91.1% at the current storage efficiency of 80%. The accounting and prediction of carbon emission reduction for CCUS-EOR projects with different concentrations and scales indicate that within the project accounting boundary, the certified net emission reduction efficiency of the low-concentration gas source CCUS-EOR projects represented by coal-fired power plants is about 37.1%, and the certified net emission reduction efficiency of the high-concentration gas source CCUS-EOR projects represented by natural gas hydrogen production is about 88.9%. The proposed method is applicable to the carbon emission reduction accounting for CCUS-EOR projects under multiple baseline scenarios during the certification period, which can provide decision-making basis for the planning and deployment of CCUS-EOR projects.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the four major chronic diseases that threaten people′s health around the world. Strengthening the integration between prevention and treatment is crucial to slow the disease progression and reduce the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD. Based on the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework (ICCC) proposed by World Health Organization (WHO), we, in this paper, conducted a systematic review on the integration between prevention and treatment of COPD among typical countries and districts with different health systems from three levels and four aspects: policy environment at macro-level, health care organization and community at meso-level, and patient interaction at micro-level; we also summarized the practical experiences which could be used as references for China and proposed some policy recommendations according to actual situation of China.

Langshan Branch Fault is the dominant fault controlling Jartai Structural Belt in Hetao Basin and the hydrocarbon accumulation of many high-capacity oil-gas wells has close evolutional relationship with the formation of the fault. The geometric characteristics and motion characteristics of Langshan Branch Fault were analyzed based on 3D seismic data and well-drilling data. According to the changes in fault displacement, and occurrence of the fault, Langshan Branch Fault was divided into three sections: north section, middle section and south section. Based on reverse fault theory, the inversion types and stages of the fault were made clear. A model was established with the method of formation tendency. and the drilling well sound wave time-difference point-control correction method was adopted to calculate the original thickness of the stratum of the hanging wall and the footwall and recover the ancient fault displacement of the fault, 6 different calculation methods were summarized for three kinds of growth faults including the normal fault, the reverse fault and the negative inversion to quantify and calculate the activity rate of each fault section in different depositional stages. The quantitative evaluation of the activity characteristics of the faults at north section, middle section and south section was carried out. Based on the comparison of the balanced cross-sections and analysis of the activity rate, it was deemed that Langshan Branch Fault experienced four evolution stages. There were three "isolated" faults with different trends and strikes in the early stage of development. In the depositional stage of the Lisangou Formation in the Early Cretaceous, the sectionalized thrusting existed and the north section and the middle section of the fault were flexibly connected. In the depositional stage of Guyang Formation, all thrust faults in the sections were reversed into the normal faults. It was strongly extended from the Paleogene to the Neogene, and the northern section and the middle section of the fault were hard-connected as a whole fault. From Late Neogene to the Quaternary, the fault underwent the local strike-slip twist, and these three sections of the fault were formally linked into the present connected fault. The activity of this fault in different historical stages obviously controlled the development of the sedimentary system of both the hanging wall and the footwall, the formation and evolution of traps, and the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.

Malachite green, crystal violet, chloramphenicol and nitrofurans have been widely used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and to prevent or treat the emergence and spread of bacterial diseases. The above three types of drugs are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, which have been banned in many countries. However, due to their advantages of low cost and significant effect, they are still used illegally in the aquaculture process. In order to prevent contaminated products circulating in the food chain and endangering consumer health. Advance analysis of aquatic products is an essential safety protection measure. This paper reviews the analytical methods concerning malachite green, crystal violet, chloramphenicol, nitrofuran and their metabolites residues in aquatic products, describes the application of chromatography, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immu-nochromatography assay, chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay and electrochemical sensors in this field, and systematically summarizes the sample pretreatment procedures, chromatographic conditions and validation results, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The aim of this work is to provide new ideas for monitoring residues and to present a thorough overview of current trends in this field. To be specific, high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry have low detection limits, yet they require cumbersome pretreatment procedures, expensive instruments and professional labor, which limit the development of this technique. With the development of new nanomaterials, surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy, immunoassay and electrochemical sensors have excellent prospects in assessing fish drug residues, which do not require large instruments, are easy to operate, and can be used for rapid detection in the field, and they will certainly become the effective tools for monitoring illegal fish drugs in aquatic products.

In-situ stress is an important basic data for determining the top and bottom limit of operating pressure of underground gas storage, evaluating the stability of geological body and analyzing the fault activity in the storage area. Herein, the layered in-situ stress measurement method, test equipment and construction process of perforated interval were briefly introduced, and the minimum principal stresses of 2 reservoir sections and 3 mudstone caprock sections in the depth range of 4 150.0 m to 4 338.0 m of Well NP36-X in Pugu-2 Block of Jidong Oilfield were measured with this method. As shown by the results, the tests were repeated over 3 times for each section, and the fracture shut-in pressure in multiple tests had good consistency with the relative error less than 5%. Besides, the minimum principal stress in the mudstone caprock of Well NP36-X was determined to be 72.40 MPa to 74.27 MPa with various fracture shut-in pressure analysis methods. Moreover, the minimum principal stress of high permeability formation was comprehensively determined to be 54.89 MPa to 60.25 MPa with the fracture extension pressure and the injection flow. As an exploration based on the in-situ stress measurement method for the perforated interval of old wells, this method, especially the field application test based on the fracture extension pressure and the injection flow, can partly compensate the insufficiency that the classical in-situ stress measurement method of hydraulic fracturing is not applicable to the high permeability formation.

Objective To genetically analyze the Del sample from a blood donor in Jiangyin and make clear the molecular basis of the serological phenotype. Methods The EDTA anticoagulant blood were collected: buffy coat were used for nucleic acid extract and cDNA analysis; red blood cells for serological test. Tube method and microcolumn gel were used for serological test. Genotyping kit were used for exon analysis. Gene mutation was analyzed using the sequence analyzer. Results Serological analysis demonstrated the sample′s RhD phenotype was Del. The phenotype of RhCE was CCEe. Real-time fluorescence quota PCR result demonstrated the existence of all exones. Weak D15 and RHD*DEL1 [RHD(1227G>A)], which had a high frequency of occurrence in China, were excluded according to real-time fluorescence quota PCR result. Sequence analyzing result verified RHD(28C>T) SNP mutation in cDNA. The genotype of this sample was RHD*01 W. 61[RHD(28C>T)]. Conclusion A weak D61 was found among blood donors in our city, Jiangyin.

To establish an analytical method for the determination of total polyphenols and catechins and rutin in tea by electrochemical sensors. The nanogold/carboxylated carbon nanotube-modified polyphenol electrochemical sensors were prepared by modifying carboxylated carbon nanotubes (SWNTs-COOH) on glassy carbon electrodes by drop coating method and then depositing nanogold (AuNPs) on their surfaces by electrodeposition, and the morphological observations and performance tests were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical characterization of gallic acid (GA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), rutin and other standard substances in tea leaves as well as mixed systems simulating tea leaves was carried out with the constructed polyphenol sensors. SEM observation confirmed that the nanogold/carboxylated multi-carbon nanotubes were successfully modified on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, and the impedance of the modified electrode was 78.2% lower than that of the bare electrode, and the peak current response value of the electrode was 253.5% of that of the bare electrode, which significantly improved the sensitivity of the modified electrode. The redox characterization of GA, EGCG and other standards revealed that the Peak I peak potentials of GA, EGCG, quercetin and epicatechin were all 0.50±0.05 V, and the corresponding peak currents Ip were linearly correlated with the concentration of substance c, which can be used as a common landmark oxidation peak for total phenol detection. While EGCG besides Peak I also has an oxidation peak Peak III with a peak potential of 0.42±0.05 V, and the rutin oxidation peak Peak I with a potential of 0.56 V. These two distinct peaks potentials can be quantified separately for EGCG and rutin along with the determination of total phenols. In the tea simulation system containing mixed polyphenols, the peak current of the sensor and the concentration of total polyphenols showed a good linear relationship in the range of 5.0×10-6~6.0×10-5 mol/L, and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.982. The detection limit was 3.1×10-7 mol/L (S/N=3), and the recovery rate of standard addition was 96.60%~101.17%. This method is characterized with simple operation, short detection time, and no complicated sample pretreatment, which could be a new method for rapid detection of polyphenols.

The juice outflow of chilled meat during storage, which would not only accelerate the growth of microorganisms, shorten the shelf life, but also reduce its appearance quality in modified atmosphere packaged. Based on this, this article used electrospinning technology to embed different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of eugenol to prepare antibacterial nanofiber water absorbent mats. The fresh-keeping effect of air-laid paper pads and antibacterial nanofiber absorbent mats was verified under 4 ℃ modified atmosphere packaging conditions, and compared with the blank group. The research results showed that the pH value, thiobarbituric acid value, TVB-N value, total number of colonies, cooking loss rate, juice loss rate of the samples increased with the extension of storage time. Trend, but the increase of the antibacterial nanofiber absorbent mats group was significantly smaller than that of the blank group and the air-laid paper pads group (P

The rise of remote sensing big data applications had a profound impact on the transportation industry, and has played an active role in transportation planning, construction, management and maintenance and other aspects.Firstly, the connotation and characteristics of traffic remote sensing big data were introduced, and the application status of remote sensing big data was summarized in the field of highway traffic and transportation.Secondly, combined with the relevant work carried out by transportation departments based on remote sensing big data in recent years, the typical applications of remote sensing big data in intelligent extraction and analysis of traffic highway damage, highway construction and planning analysis, and intelligent maintenance of highway were mainly introduced.Finally, the development trend and future prospects of traffic remote sensing big data were prospected.

The performance of the rubidium (Rb) atomic frequency standard has achieved significant improvement in recent years. Its frequency stability has already reached the order of 10-13τ-1/2. To further improve Rb frequency standard's stability performance, we developed a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) physics package whose cavity-cell assembly consists of a slotted-tube microwave cavity, separated filter and absorption cells. The microwave cavity has a homogenous field distribution along the quantization axis, and the filter and absorption cells are temperature-controlled independently. We also used an optical and isotopic filtering scheme to suppress shot noise from the pumping light. The physics package's final background photocurrent I0 and the frequency discrimination slope Kdwere measured to be 95 μA and 7.7 nA/Hz, respectively, and the calculated limit stability of the shot noise of the physical package was 7.5×10-14τ-1/2. The result shows that Rb frequency standard can reach an unprecedented stability level below 1×10-13τ-1/2 as long as the electronic system's noise could be well controlled.

【Objective】The swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) was employed to clone the gene sequence of immunoglobulin D (IgD), and the tissue distribution and expression laws after vaccine immunization of the IgD in swordtail fish were explored.【Method】With the known EST libraries, the cDNA sequences of IgD gene from swordtail fish were cloned and analyzed, and the tissue distribution and the relative expression changes in head kidney, spleen and intestine after vaccination were detected by real-time PCR.【Result】The complete open reading frame (ORF) of swordtail fish was 3 879 bp, which encoded 1 298 amino acids, predicting that the molecular weight was 145.5 ku. The IgD of swordtail fish was composed of variable region and constant region, and the constant region contained CH1-CH2-CH3-CH4-CH5-CH6-CH7 and a transmembrane region (TM). The systematic evolution analysis of gene sequences showed that swordtail fish IgD shared similarities of 70% with mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). IgD mRNA expression of swordtail fish was highly detected in head kidney, spleen and intestine. After being immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine, the expression of IgD in the head kidney and spleen was significantly down-regulated, and it was significantly up-regulated in the intestine.【Conclusion】IgD may play an important role in immune response and intestinal mucosal immunity of swordtail fish.

Taking fresh water surimi and Poria cocos full powder as research subjects, different contents of Poria cocos full powder(0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) were added into the surimi of silver carp to analyze the effects of water retention, cooking degree, gel strength, whiteness value and texture profile analysis(TPA) index. The results showed that with the increasing of Poria cocos full powder, the water holding capacity, cooking rate and whiteness value of the surimi products all increased first and then decreased. Compared with the blank group, the addition of Poria cocos full powder could significantly improve the gel strength, hardness, elasticity and chewiness of surimi gel. When the Poria cocos full powder was 2%, the best water holding capacity of silver carp surimi products was 80.73%, the maximum gel strength was 642.886 g·cm, the minimum cooking loss rate was 6.94%, and the maximum whiteness value was 79.93. The hardness, elasticity, cohesion, and chewiness all reached the maximum, which were 2299.245 g, 0.973%, 0.859 g, and 1838.410 g, respectively, with the best textural properties. This experiment would provide a theoretical basis for the production of freshwater surimi products.

Many applications of oxide nanomaterials depend on their surface structure and properties. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to obtain such key information in related studies. This paper summarizes two recently developed approaches based on solid-state NMR spectroscopy for determining the surface structure and properties of oxide nanomaterials, including surface-selective isotopic labeling 17O NMR and dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy. The development trend for investigating oxide nanomaterials with solid-state NMR spectroscopy is also introduced.

Objective To investigate the distribution frequency of RBC rare blood group among blood donors in Chongqing, so as to provide basic data for the establishment of regional rare blood group donor database. Methods A total of 14 805 voluntary blood donors of Chongqing Blood Center from December 2020 to May 2021 were screened for Jk(a-b-) phenotype of Kidd blood group system by urea hemolysis test and confirmed by saline agglutination test. The indirect anti-globulin test was used to screen the Fy(a-) phenotype of Duffy blood group system, s-phenotype of the MNS blood group system and k- phenotype of Kell blood group system in 1 466 O type blood donors. The polyamine test was used to screen the Di(b-) phenotype of Diego blood group system in 856 voluntary blood donors, and confirmed by anti-globulin test. Results Among the voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, the proportion of Jk(a-b-) phenotype was 0.0203% (3/14 805). The ratio of both Fy(a-b+ ) and S+ s- phenotype among type O blood donors was 0.136 4% (2/1 466), and k- phenotype was not seen. The proportion of Di(a+ b-) phenotype among 856 blood donors was 0.233 6% (2/826). Conclusion The distribution frequency of rare blood group antigens in the above five blood group systems in Chongqing voluntary blood donors presents regional characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the value of next⁃generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of human herpesvirus encephalitis/meningitis. Methods The clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings of 5 patients with highly suspected human herpesvirus encephalitis/ meningitis from January to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and then the etiological sources were comprehensively analyzed combined with the results of NGS. Results All of the 5 patients had an acute onset, fever, headache and neck ankylosis. The CSF tests revealed a slight increased level of white blood cell count (74-260)×106/L. Among them, a total of 4-5406 nucleic acid sequences of human herpesvirus, including human herpesvirus typeⅠ(n=1), human herpesvirus typeⅢ(n=3) and human herpesvirus typeⅣ(n = 1) were detected by NGS, with the coverage varing from 0.08% to 81.01%. Conclusions NGS of CSF can assist the diagnosis of human herpesvirus encephalitis/meningitis, as well as viruses accurate classification, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.014

Connectionless access allows massive machine type communication (mMTC) devices to transmit small packets without establishment of radio bearers,significantly reducing device power consumption and control signaling overhead.Two-stage connectionless access (TSCLA) improves throughput and resource efficiency by optimally allocating resources between scheduling request (SR) phase and data transmission phase,which can be used for bigger packets and high traffic load.Based on this,a comprehensive theoretical analysis of one kind of TSCLA with collision detection was conducted to investigate its performance limit and devise its optimal resource allocation scheme.In addition,to avoid the complexity of user number estimation,a dynamic resource allocation algorithm with feedback control was proposed.Numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of aforementioned theoretical results and show that comparing with the genie aided algorithm known exactly the number of users,the performance loss of the proposed algorithm is within 4%.These works together provide good references for appropriate resource dimensioning for mMTC related protocols.

A Markov chain model with coverage classes as state variables was established to describe the dynamics of the coverage classes updating mechanism of narrow-band internet of things (NB-IoT).An optimization model to minimize average probability of access failure as well as average power consumption was formulated,with which the effects of preamble repetition number,system load and global maximum transmission number on the optimal configuration of maximum transmission number of each coverage class was analyzed.Numerical analysis results show that the maximum transmission number of normal coverage and extended coverage have a great influence on the system performance and their value ranges should be set within[1,5]and[1,7]respectively.However,the maximum transmission number of extreme coverage has little influence on the system performance,its value could be any one in[1,10]but the recommended value is 1.In addition,the average power consumption of the model that introduced coverage classes’ rollback mechanism is about 95% lower than the model proposed by 3GPP.

Major operators have been deploying NFV in succession,after hardware and software decoupling of NFV,hardware and software need to be separately planned and constructed.Based on the initial construction requirements of NFV deployment,the key factors were analyzed which should be considered in the planning and construction of the hardware resource pool and the machine room infrastructure.The calculation,storage,network equipment matching requirements were expounded.And the blade and rack service was compared.The hardware and network configuration of two layers and SDN networks were enhanced by the hardware,magnetic array and distributed storage.The hardware configuration mode and key considerations were studied.The hardware redundancy requirements under different scenes were analyzed,and the key requirements of the NFV hardware pool planning and construction were obtained.

Volume rendering is one of significant unstructured grid data volume visualization methods.However, existing serial algorithms for unstructured grid volume rendering are inefficient and cannot meet large-scale data volume visualization needs.Therefore, parallel volume rendering algorithm research has become a trend in high-performance volume visualization program design.A sort-last based parallel volume rendering algorithm for unstructured gird was proposed.Firstly, a parallel KD-tree algorithm for volumetric data split was designed.Secondly, each process calculated volume rendering images with independent visualization pipeline, and the final result was synthesized with tree composite strategy.Finally, a two-level LOD model was leveraged to optimize interactive experience.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be well applied to large-scale unstructured grid data volume visualization, and all interaction delays are in milliseconds, which meets real-time interaction needs.

Objective To study the characteristics of sleep architecture and sleep - disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using polysomnography (PSG). Methods A total of 36 patients with ALS were recruited in this study. According to symptoms of medulla oblongata, the patients were divided into limb involvement group (N = 14) and bulbar palsy group (N = 22). Detailed record of the patients was made including general information and chief complaints of sleep dysfunction and SDB, which covered sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, arousals, difficulty in breathing and snoring, nocturnal polyuria, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and muscle soreness. Appel Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (AALS) Scores were used to assess bulbar function, breathing function,myodynamia and limbs function. PSG was performed to monitor EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, position, snore, gas flow of mouth and nose, chest breathing, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and sleep-related parameters including total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency (SL), awakening times, percentage of different non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapial eye movement (REM), and apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Pearson correlation analysis evaluated the relationship between AHI of REM, periodic limb movements (PLM) and clinical information, AALS Scores. Results Bulbar palsy group had higher scores in AALS Scores (P = 0.007), bulbar function (P = 0.000) and breathing function (P = 0.000), and lower score in upper limb myodynamia (P = 0.016) than limb involvement group. Both 2 groups showed disturbed sleep architecture in the performance of sleep fragmentation. Bulbar palsy group had more awakening times (P = 0.027), lower percentage of REM sleep (P = 0.009) and less PLM (P = 0.020) than limb involvement group. The main respiratory event of 2 groups was hypopnea. Bulbar palsy group had higher AHI (P = 0.038) and AHI of REM and NREM (P = 0.031, 0.049) than limb involvement group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that AHI of REM was positively correlated with duration (r = 0.654, P = 0.028), AALS total score (r = 0.458, P = 0.034), bulbar function score (r = 0.572, P = 0.030) and breathing function (r = 0.756, P = 0.002). PLM was also positively correlated with duration (r = 0.574, P = 0.030), AALS total score (r = 0.321, P = 0.042), upper limb function (r = 0.656, P = 0.028) and lower limb function (r = 0.754, P = 0.015). Conclusions Patients with ALS have many types of sleep disorders including insomnia, SDB and periodic limb movements disorder (PLMD). PSG can monitor respiratory event thus providing clinical evidence for the non-invasive ventilation intervention. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.007

DVB-T2（digita1 video broadcasting-second generation terrestria1）system adopted a preamb1e，with a specia1 C-A-B structure，to accomp1ish time-frequency synchronization.A11 existing preamb1e based synchronization a1gorithms on1y uti1ized the corre1ation between C and A or B and A，neg1ecting the conjugate symmetry character within A.By using this character，a new synchronization method was proposed to make detection probabi1ity higher and synchronization error sma11er.Monto Car1o simu1ations were carried out in AWGN（addictive white Gaussian noise）channe1 and TU6（typica1 urban）channe1 with ve1ocity of 30 km/h.Compared with existing synchronization methods，both higher detection probabi1ity and sma11er mean square error in time-frequency synchronization is achieved.

The geological conditions and exploration potential of shale oil in Chang7 Member, Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, were studied from various aspects, including petrographic characteristics, storage ability, geochemical features, friability and mobility of hydrocarbon in the source rock, etc. A classification criterion of lithofacies for Upper Triassic Chang 7 source rock in Ordos Basin were established based on the correlation between lithology, organic carbon content and logging parameters, from which, the spatial distribution and development scale of two types of shale, black shale and dark massive mudstone, have been predicted. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the micro-structures of Chang7 source rock using state-of-the-art microscopic facilities including argon ion milling – field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and Nano-CT reveal that the dominant pore types in Chang7 source rock are intra-granular pores and inter-granular pores; the pores and throats in the two kinds of lithofacies are both nano-scale, and the dark massive mudstone has better physical properties than the black shale. The Chang7 shale oil resources and mineability were evaluated based on the parameters from geochemical experiments on the source rock, including pyrolysis S1, chloroform bitumen ‘A’, TOC and thermal maturity, free hydrocarbon content, as well as geo-mechanical properties such as brittle mineral content and development of fractures. With large scale of favorable lithofacies, good storage ability and abundant hydrocarbon, Chang7 Member has the material basis for shale oil occurrence and accumulation, in addition, the shale oil there has accumulated greatly and has favorable properties for flowing in nano-scale pores and throats. All these show that Chang7 Member has high potential for shale oil exploration, in which, the dark massive mudstone is a more favorable target for shale oil exploration under the present technical conditions. Key words: Ordos Basin, Triassic Chang 7 Member, shale oil, geological condition, exploration potential

Since the existing gas flooding reservoir screening criteria lack economic indexes reflecting future dynamic production performances, indexes reflecting economic profits are added into the exiting criteria (related to well oil production rate) to form a new method of selecting low permeability reservoirs suitable for CO2 flooding. Reservoir engineering methods of average well peak oil production rate prediction for gas drive is given by employing the concept of “Oil production rate multiplier due to gas flooding”. Based on the principles of technical economics, the method calculating the economical limit well oil production rate of CO2 flooding is also presented. On this basis, a new screening criterion of reservoirs suitable for CO2 flooding is proposed: if the peak well oil production rate predicted by reservoir engineering method is higher than the economic limit well oil production rate, the target reservoir is suitable for CO2 flooding. Furthermore, a four-step reservoirs screening method is advanced: technical screening, economic screening, fine feasibility evaluation, recommendation of optimal gas flooding blocks. The new screening criteria were applied to evaluate the CO2 flooding potential of seventeen blocks in an oilfield, which ended up with only 32.4% of the original oil in place from conventional method suitable for CO2 flooding. It is recommended blocks suitable for CO2 flooding be selected according to the new procedure to ensure economic success. Key words: CO2 flooding, low permeability reservoirs, screening criterion, oil production rate multiplier due to gas flooding, reservoir engineering method, economic limit well oil production rate

Based on observation of outcrops, cores and thin sections and analysis of logging data and experiment, the features, main controlling factors, evolution and distribution of the Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in the Lower Cambrian, Sichuan Basin, are examined carefully and the distribution of favorable reservoirs is predicted. Mostly fracture-pore type, the Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs are dominantly comprised of residual dolarenite, oolitic dolomite and crystal dolomite, with dissolution cavities and dissolution pores as the main storage space, an average porosity of 4.28%, and average reservoir thickness of 36 m. The formation of the reservoirs is controlled by grain shoal facies, parasyngenetic dissolution and parasyngenetic dolomitization. The reservoirs have experienced four evolution stages, the period of pore formation laid the foundation for storage space types and physical conditions of the reservoirs; the reservoir physical properties were improved further in the hypergene karstification period; the porosities were decreased by minerals filling during the hydrothermal period; and the reservoirs became denser in the burial dissolution and asphaltic filling period. Based on the main controlling factors of Longwangmiao reservoirs, the high geomorphology area between Huayingshan fault and Longquanshan fault is predicted as the most favorable reservoir zone. Exploration breakthroughs will possibly be made in Guang'an-Nanchong-Jiange area. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, reservoir type, reservoir controlling factor, reservoir evolution mode, reservoir prediction

Definition and characters of c1oud computing were presented.A1so the service architecture and techno1ogy architecture of c1oud computing for te1ecom operators were suggested in detai1.

With fertility rates at an all-time low, children have become even more the 'treasures' of their families. Progress in genetic selection technology has made preimplantation genetic diagnosis an increasingly common practice in clinics. However, the practice of purposively selecting genes for future children remains controversial. In this article, the process of preimplantation genetic diagnosis is introduced and related philosophical and social perspectives are reviewed. Finally, the ethics related to this practice are discussed in the contexts of obligation theory, utility theory, and four ethical principles. The authors hope this article sheds light on the diverse perspectives used to consider and discuss the ethical issues surrounding gene selection and, importantly, helps nurses provide care grounded in ethics and humanity in ethically uncertain circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain fog is a symptom that has gained increasing attention worldwide since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, as patients affected by COVID-19 may experience cognitive dysfunction, colloquially known as brain fog, for a period of time after recovery. Brain fog affects activities of daily living and work performance and has the potential to negatively impact society and the economy. However, a clear definition and concept analysis of brain fog is lacking in the literature. In this article, a concept analysis of brain fog is conducted using Walker and Avant's concept analysis steps to verify the source and definition of brain fog, clarify related concepts similar to brain fog, and establish the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of this condition. Model, borderline, contrary, and related cases are listed to illustrate and provide related empirical references in the literature. The authors hope this article will provide a clearer understanding of brain fog, which then may be applied in nursing clinical practice and future research to develop strategies and care methods for improving brain fog symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: In case of fire in the hemodialysis room, it is necessary to help patients get away from dialysis machines smoothly and safely and evacuate the room rapidly. Our unit is located on a higher floor. An investigation showed that the accuracy rate for fire response awareness among the staffs in our unit was only 57.9%, while the accuracy rate of fire response skill operations was only 57.4%. Moreover, 62.0% of the staffs were not clear about the task grouping and task content of fire response. Confusion in our unit regarding the definition of patient mobility led to staffs classifying patients based on subjective perceptions and standards. Moreover, the unit also lacked an audit system for fire emergency operations and fire-response-related learning materials. Purpose: To improve staff knowledge and skills related to fire emergency response in the hemodialysis room to 100%. Resolution: The project team worked out solutions such as adding a self-defense fire-fighting group to the dialysis information system, producing fire emergency response learning materials, establishing a seed personnel system, organizing on-the-job education, organizing fire response simulation drills, and implementing an audit system. Result: The awareness of fire emergency response and the accuracy of skill operation among the staff were both improved to 100%, and there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test paired t-test results. Furthermore, consistent implementation of these resolution measures maintained the staff's fire emergency response skills at 100% between June 2019 and May 2020. Conclusion: Tabletop simulation, practice drills, and skill operation audits are effective tools for improving the ability of staff in the hemodialysis room to respond to fire emergencies. It is recommended that institutions produce tabletop simulation props and combine regular on-site drills to improve the readiness of their staffs to respond to fire emergencies, which will shorten the response time during incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncology Nurse Navigation is a professional service that integrates complex medical care procedures and promotes patient awareness of the major nursing problems. Using pre-assessment strategies and the integration of medical care information, Nurse Navigators help patients and their families gain comprehensive medical information and nursing care guidance from their initial post-diagnosis visit to their follow-up visits after remission. This article describes the author's experience with a 53-year- old married overseas Chinese woman who had been diagnosed with a rare tumor, PEComa, and who had traveled to Taiwan for treatment. During the outpatient care period with tumor progression, in addition to disease-related psychological and physical discomfort and pain, the prolonged uncertainty regarding treatment had induced adjustment difficulties and psychological symptoms in the patient. The patient's husband continued to work at his job in order to support the family's finances and was not able to maintain a close understanding of his wife's situation. He developed emotional stress when he saw his wife's disease relapse. The authors used Oncology Nurse Navigation approaches to actively assess the needs of the patient and her spouse, to explore their psychological state using emotional assessment scales, to understand the impact of recurrence on the family, to provide available resources and information, to help the couple learn to cope with psychological adjustment symptoms, to enhance their cognitive understanding of the disease, and to learn useful measures that helped them regain physical control, control over the treatment process, and effectively adapt to the disease and its effects. The authors' experience using Oncology Nurse Navigation with this patient may serve as a reference for healthcare professionals to facilitate the proactive assessment of patient needs at different stages of outpatient care, to remove barriers to seeking medical care through early interventions, and to implement a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to cancer treatment that may improve cancer treatment efficacy and quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Obtaining complete electronic dialysis nursing records, a tool that facilitates communication between medical teams, is critical in terms of maintaining the continuity of nursing procedures and nursing quality. An analysis of our unit indicated that nurses lacked sufficient familiarity with electronic dialysis nursing record systems. Moreover, they received insufficient training in operating these systems and lacked the guidelines necessary to maintain these records properly. Furthermore, these systems tend to be poorly designed, and an inspection system for dialysis nursing records is currently unavailable. These factors led to a rate of record completeness of only 58.2%. Purpose: To raise the rate of completeness for electronic nursing records to above 90%. Resolution: An intervention was conducted to accomplish seven tasks. These tasks included: modify the electronic dialysis nursing record system, input preset phrases in order to facilitate record compilation in the system, devise a manual to instruct staff on recordkeeping procedures, organize in-service training on system operations, conduct clinical scenario simulations for nurses to practice operating the system, recruit informatics nurses to teach other nurses about the operations, and implement an inspection system for these electronic records. Result: After implementing the intervention, the rate of completeness for electronic nursing records improved to 96% and the average time required for nurses to complete a nursing record decreased from 21 mins 35 s to 8 mins 15 s. Conclusion: The developed intervention significantly improved the completeness of electronic nursing records, reduced the time required for recordkeeping, and ensured adequate nursing quality for dialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-D time-stepping finite element method is adopted to systematically analyze the effect of slot opening on motor parameters like electrical leak age reactance, power factor, winding current and air gap flux density of high power surface mount type PMSM which is driven by inverter. Thereby, the effect of slot opening on eddy current loss in permanent magnets is determined. Analysis shows that while the width of slot opening decreases, the leakage reactance increases. Thus the ripple current caused by PWM wave is effectively restrained and the higher harmonic current is effectively filtered. In consequence, the amplitude of the high order harmonic components of air-gap flux density reduces, leading to the decrease of eddy current loss in permanent magnets. Meanwhile, through the temperature-rise test of permanent magnets of two different PMSMs with different slot openings, the validity of this analysis method and results are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most contemporary philosophers believe that things in the world can be exhaustively and exclusively divided into two categories: abstract objects and concrete ones, and a main "problem" about this division is where exactly the line between these two categories should be drawn? Hoffman and Rosenkrantz (2003) argued that every ordinary distinction between these two categories was subject to some serious problems and counterexamples, and they therefore proposed a novel distinction that they believed to be completely unproblematic. This paper argues against their proposal by appealing to the same strategy and criterion that they set up for other proposals. This paper also argues for two other points. First, it argues that the fundamental reason why it is so hard (even impossible) to find "the right" distinction between abstract and concrete objects is that philosophers' "intuition" about the distinction is nothing but the result of conflation and confusion of several non-equivalent and/or vague distinctions. Second, it argues that the problem of the distinction between abstract and concrete objects is of no philosophical significance; it is, therefore, a pseudo problem that need not be investigated at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most expectant parents anticipate giving birth to a healthy newborn. Admission of a neonate to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is thus nearly always a significant and negative shock to parents and family members. We derived core concepts for this article from the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF)'s Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, updated, and expanded for integrated care (2009). This framework document advocates expanding to NICUs guidelines that were originally developed for maternity units. This paper reviews the importance of breast-feeding to the mother-baby dyad and family integration. We suggest how to build a breastfeeding- friendly environment within the NICU using 10 steps that adhere to the NEO-BFHI's three "Guiding Principles". The proposed environment gives special emphasis to providing continued and unlimited kangaroo care, creating a family-centered NICU design, implementing an effective milk expression and monitoring plan, and respecting mothers' individual needs. Suggestions are provided as a reference to government policymakers and medical centers to facilitate the creation of breastfeeding-friendly environments in NICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]