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Considering the rapid time-varying channel conditions and large Doppler frequency fluctuations caused by high-speed movement of unmanned aerial vehicles, this paper proposes a non-stationary channel emulation scheme for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) using a field-programmable gate array platform. The proposed scheme adopts the sum of frequency modulation method to generate non-stationary channel fading and proposes a real-time algorithm for generating channel parameters to improve the real-time performance of channel emulation and ensure the real-time updating of channel status. In addition, to address the issue of power random fluctuation caused by large Doppler frequency fluctuations, this paper designs an adaptive power equalization module that ensures the stability of fading power by limiting the maximum fluctuation to only 1.13%. Finally, the results of hardware resource consumption analysis demonstrate that the proposed approach in this study significantly reduces the utilization of storage resources compared to replay-based and pre-stored solutions, with reductions of 52.44% and 9.31%, respectively. This makes the proposed approach well-suited for simulating long-duration non-stationary channel fading in UAV scenarios. Additionally, the measured analysis results demon-strate that the channel characteristics output by the proposed hardware emulation scheme, such as path loss and Doppler power spectrum density,closely align with theoretical results when compared to the emulation scheme without the equalizer. This research can be applied to the design and optimization of UAVs communication systems.

99Tc is a key radionuclide in the safety case of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) due to its long half-life of 2.13×105 years and high yield in nuclear reactors. The formation of technetium colloid in groundwater was believed to play a potential important role on its migration and transport with ground-water to biosphere under deep geological disposal conditions. In this paper, the membrane filtration experimental method was established firstly for the study of the colloidal behavior of technetium in aqueous solutions. All experiments were performed in an argon glove box to maintain the anaerobic conditions (O2 concentrations lower than 5 ppm) which will be expected in the HLW repository and initial technetium concentrations in the range from 10-9 mol/L to 10-5 mol/L, and liquid scintillation spectrophotometry was used to determine 99Tc. It is found that pH value and ionic strength have no significant effect on the liquid scintillation determination of 99Tc, and the filter has no obvious adsorption behavior for different oxidation states of technetium (Tc(Ⅳ) and Tc(Ⅶ)). The experimental studies of technetium colloidal behavior in deionized water system were conducted by using this experimental method. The results indicate that Tc(Ⅶ) has no significantly colloidal behavior even under anaerobic conditions due to its low hydrolysis ability, and can exist stably in the system for a long time, therefore it is a potentially higher mobile species. As Tc(Ⅳ) is trend to hydrolyze to form oxic polymers easily, which then aggregate immediately to form the intrinsic colloids over a wide ranging of pH values from 4 to 11 under the anaerobic conditions. Moreover, it is found that the Tc(Ⅶ) intrinsic colloid would exist stably during the experimental period of 398 days in the pH range of 4-11, and its concentrations may be several times or even one order of magnitude higher than the Tc(Ⅳ) presented as the ionic form. These results seem mean that the formation of Tc(Ⅶ) colloid may enhance the migration capacity of Tc(Ⅳ) which is considered to be relatively immobile, then potentially facilitating transport of Tc(Ⅳ) under geological disposal conditions. But the next experimental results demonstrate that with the increasing of the ionic strength, the Tc(Ⅳ) colloid would aggregate into large particles even continue to form precipitation. This experimental results illustrate that higher ionic strength in aqueous systems may eliminate the dangerous of Tc(Ⅳ) transfer to biosphere with groundwater in the form of intrinsic colloid. The effect of technetium colloidal on its migration behavior needs to be take into account, and some important formation mechanism of technetium colloidal also needs to be clarified and confirmed. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more researches on radionuclide colloids in the research and development projects of geological disposal of HLW in China.

The formation of Am(Ⅲ) colloid and its adsorption behaviors on bentonite colloid were investigated in Beishan 03 groundwater. A series of influencing factors, such as, pH, CO2 concentration in gas atmosphere, ionic strength and temperature, on colloidal stability and adsorption behavior were explored using Zeta potential laser particle size analyzer, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation system(AF4) and batch experimental method. The results show that the formation and stability of Am(Ⅲ) are closely dependent on the chemical natures of aqueous solution. Increasing temperature or increasing ionic strength will reduce the stability of Am(Ⅲ) colloids, while the increase of carbon dioxide concentration and pH will be beneficial to the stability of Am(Ⅲ) colloid. In addition, with the increase of pH, the density of Am(Ⅲ)-bentonite colloid particles increases, while the Am(Ⅲ) adsorption rate first decreases and then increases; the increase of ionic strength is favor of Am(Ⅲ) adsorption, but the density of colloidal particles decreases; the increase of CO2 concentration in gas phase has a promoting effect on particle density and Am(Ⅲ) adsorption.

In this paper, reduction-oxidation between Se and iron-based materials(pure iron and 304L stainless steel) was carried out in glove box under ambient temperature and low-oxygen. Using ion chromatography to analyse the concentration changes of sodium selenate solution and sodium selenite solution in which iron-based materials were immersed. The iron-based material samples before and after the reaction were analysed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and Raman spectrometry. The results show that the oxidation-reduction reaction rate of SeO2-4/SeO2-3 and pure iron is significantly faster than that of SeO2-4/SeO2-3 and 304L stainless steel; the reaction rate of ironbased materials and SeO2-3 is higher than that of iron-based materials and SeO2-4.

Objective To summarize the clinical value of molecular pathology in glioma. Methods and Results The clinical course and molecular pathology results of 3 glioma patients were compared. All 3 patients underwent integrated diagnosis according to the WHO 2016 diagnostic criteria. Molecular pathology included whole exome sequencing (WES) and detection of MGMT promoter methylation and TERT promoter mutation. Case 1 had the first surgery 32 years ago, diagnosed with left frontal glioma, only radiotherapy after surgery. The tumor was found recurrent 31 years later. Molecular pathology after reoperation suggested IDH mutation, 1p/19q combined deletion, TERT promoter region mutation, MGMT promoter methylation positive, integration diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The patient had overall survival over 32 years, and was still alive. Case 2 underwent two surgeries within 6 months, molecular pathology suggested IDH wild type, 1p/19q without combined deletion, TERT promoter region mutation, MGMT promoter non⁃methylation, integration diagnosed as glioblastoma. The overall survival was 6 months. Case 3 was suffered from left temporal giant glioma. Molecular pathology after total tumor removal revealed IDH wild type, 1p/19q without combined deletion, and non⁃mutation in the TERT promoter region, and MGMT promoter non⁃methylation. The integration diagnosis was glioblastoma. This patient underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy after surgery. MRI showed signs of recurrence after 2 months. According to the results of WES, this patient had FGFR3 amplification, and Anrotinib the multi⁃target tyrosinase inhibitor was used, which was gradually relieved after 2 months. Conclusions The molecular pathology of glioma patients can help clinicians to integrate diagnosis, predict the prognosis, and help neurosurgeons to screen drugs. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.11.010

In order to identify the influence of climatic conditions of different rice-growing seasons on cooking quality of the rice noodles, a field experiment was conducted in Liuyang, Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022. Five noodle rice cultivars (Guanglu'ai 4, Zhongjiazao 17, Xiangzaoxian 24, Zhongzao 39, and Zhuliangyou 729), were grown in the early and late seasons to compare the cooking quality of rice noodles and the grain quality of noodle rice. The results showed that the mean temperature and solar radiation at grain-filling stage were 18.7% and 12.7% lower in the late season than in the early season, respectively. The cooking loss rate of rice noodles was reduced by 7.4% in the late season compared to the early season. There were not significant differences in cooked break rate and water absorption rate between early and late seasons. The peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, consistency viscosity, and pasting temperature were lower by 25.8%, 22.9%, 34.3%, 19.7%, 14.2%, and 2.0%, whereas the setback viscosity and peaking time were higher by 11.8% and 2.3% in the late season compared to the early season, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the mean temperature at grain-filling stage was positively correlated with peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, consistency viscosity, and pasting temperature, and negatively correlated with setback viscosity. The mean radiation at grain-filling stage was positively correlated with peak viscosity, through viscosity, final viscosity, and negatively correlated with setback viscosity. The cooking loss rate of rice noodles was positively correlated with the final viscosity, pasting temperature, and peaking time. Therefore, the cooking quality of rice noodles can be improved by growing noodle rice in the late season. The final viscosity and pasting temperature in the paste properties of noodle rice were the critical factors affecting the cooking loss rate of rice noodles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A secure and efficient development of desktop cloud structure:TCCL (transparent computing-based cloud),which was designed under the guidance of transparent computing,was proposed.TCCL applied the method,separating calculation and storage,loading in a block streaming way which was proposed in the transparent computing theory,to the cloud desktop system,and deployed the defense module of security threats under the cloud VM (virtual machine).As a result,the TCCL could improve the security level on the cloud VMs’ system files and data files,and could optimize the cloud virtual machines' storage efficiency.

The domestic and overseas technical advance about reducing ballistic temperature coefficient of gun propellant charge, including surface compensation technic such as mechanical flattening technology, coating technology, surface coated double base (SCDB) technology, extruded impregnated (El) technology, extruded composite low sensitivity (ECL) technology and so on, were reviewed. The burning rate of low temperature coefficient (LTC) gun propellant can be kept basically consistent at different temperatures by optimizing its configuration, resulting in decreased ballistic temperature coefficient of gun propellant charge. Electrothermal-chemical launch technology can reduce ballistic temperature coefficient of gun propellant charge significantly by adjusting input energy to compensate the decrement of burning rate of gun propellant. Combined with the basic principle of reducing ballistic temperature coefficient of gun propellant charge, the regulatory mechanism of reducing ballistic temperature coefficient of gun propellant charge by using different technological approaches is summarized. Based on the above discussion, the researches on ECL gun propellant and SCDB gun propellant should be carried out in the future. And the research on the interaction mechanism of plasma and gun propellant and the study on the miniaturization of power supply should be further strengthened with 62 references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By considering the uncertainties existing in engineering structures, the parameter identification using probabilistic methods may provide more reliable predictions. However sufficient probabilistic information of a structure is often impractical in the real world. Moreover, sometimes engineers require only the limits of parameters and responses. Due to these facts, the application of interval analysis for parameter identification could be more rational. This study develops a new concept of interval response surface model, which incorporates the conventional response surface model with the interval arithmetic. The expression of the response surface is first transformed into a complete-square form and then interval variables are introduced into the transformed expressions. By this means, the usual interval overestimation due to interval arithmetic operations can be avoided providing correct interval predictions. Secondly, the infimum and supremum of interval parameters are used to construct the objective functions for interval inverse optimization. Then using the interval response surface models, the interval model updating procedure is implemented. The proposed method can avoid the complicated sensitivity computation of interval parameters and thus highly simplifies the interval model updating process in the interest of improving the updating efficiency. Lastly, the proposed method has been validated using a numerical mass-spring system and then a set of experimental steel plates. The intervals of their geometric and material parameters are identified and the updating results have proved the feasibility and reliability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the ecological and biological effects of fruit bagging, tomato variety JYK was taken as the test material to study the changes of the microenvironment in different color fruit bags and the effects of these changes on the fruit development, yield and quality, with the treatment without fruit bagging as the control (CK). The results showed that bagging with different color fruit bags had positive effects in decreasing the light intensity of the microenvironment and increasing its temperature and humidity, and thus, increased the single fruit mass and promoted the harvest stage advanced. Black bag had the best effects in increasing microenvironment temperature and fruit mass, with the single fruit mass increased by 27. 2% and the harvest period shortened by 10 days, compared with CK. The fruit maturation period in colorless bag, blue bag and red bag was shortened by 8, 3 and 2 days, and the single mass was increased by 11. 8%, 6. 4% and 4. 8%, respectively. Moreover, the coloring and lycopene content of the fruits with different color bags bagging were improved, but the fruit rigidity and fruit soluble solid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were decreased. Therefore, bagging with different color bags could improve the yield of tomato fruits, but decrease the fruit nutritional quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An incubation test was conducted to study the effects of the decomposition of poplar and trabeculate alder leaf litters with different mixed ratios and under different application ways on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). The mixed ratio of the litters had significant effects on soil MBC and MBN. On the 30th day of incubation, soil MBC and MBN were significantly higher in the treatments with ⩾50% of alder litter than in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control. On the 75th day of incubation, the soil MBC in the treatments with ⩾40% of alder litter and the soil MBN in the treatments with ⩾30% of alder litter were significantly greater than those in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control. After 135 days incubation, soil MBC and MBN were significant higher in the treatments with ⩾20% and ⩾40% of alder litter than in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in the soil MBC/ MBN between the treatments with different mixed ratios of poplar and alder leaf litters and the control. Overall, soil MBC/ MBN increased during the early period of incubation and decreased in the later period, suggesting that soil microflora changed during the decomposition of the litters. In the whole incubation period, the application ways of the litters had lesser effects on the soil MBC, MBN, and MBC/ MBN, indicating that the addition ways of the litters did not affect soil microflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligusticum chuanxiong is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine plant. The study on its molecular markers development and germplasm resources is very important. In this study, we obtained 24 422 unigenes by assembling transcriptome sequencing reads of L. chuanxiong root. EST-SSR was detected and 4 073 SSR loci were identified. EST-SSR distribution and characteristic analysis results showed that the mono-nucleotide repeats were the main repeat types, accounting for 41.0%. In addition, the sequences containing SSR were functionally annotated in Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway and were assigned to 49 GO categories, 242 KEGG pathways, among them 2 201 sequences were annotated against Nr database. By validating 235 EST-SSRs,74 primer pairs were ultimately proved to have high quality amplification. Subsequently, genetic diversity analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, PCoA analysis and population structure analysis of 34 L. chuanxiong germplasm resources were carried out with 74 primer pairs. In both UPGMA tree and PCoA results, L. chuanxiong resources were clustered into two groups, which are believed to be partial related to their geographical distribution. In this study, EST-SSRs in L. chuanxiong was firstly identified, and newly developed molecular markers would contribute significantly to further genetic diversity study, the purity detection, gene mapping, and molecular breeding., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Soil infiltration, soil physical and chemical properties, root length density and soil fauna diversity were studied in Phyllostachys heterocycla forests with different mulching times in southwest Zhejiang Province, China. Significant differences of soil infiltration capability were found among the forests with different mulching times and among soil layers. Soil infiltration capability generally declined in the deeper soil layers. With mulching management, soil infiltration capability increased under the first mulching, and then declined with the increase of mulching times. The Kostiakov model was suitable for simulating soil infiltration process. With the extending of mulching times (4 to 6 years), soil pH and total/non-capillary porosity decreased, while soil bulk density, soil orga-nic matter and total nitrogen contents increased significantly. Soil initial, steady, and average infiltration rates as well as the cumulative infiltration amount correlated closely with the length density of roots with diameter from 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, showing a decreasing tendency with the decrease in root length density. Soil fauna density was highest in the forest under the first mulching, and was lowest after third mulching. The decreased numbers of large and meso-arthropods, including Symphyla, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hymenoptera and pseudoscorpions, and the micro-arthropods, including Oribatida, Mesostigmata, Onychiuridae, Neanuridae, Cyphoderidae, and Entomobryidae, showed negative effects on soil infiltration. In conclusion, long-term mulching changed soil physical and chemical properties, decreased soil infiltration capability, and suppressed the development of soil fauna, which might cause the decline ofP. heterocycla forests.

Aiming at motion artifacts and off-resonance artifacts in multi-shot diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we proposed a joint correction method in this paper to correct the two kinds of artifacts simultaneously without additional acquisition of navigation data and field map. We utilized the proposed method using multi-shot variable density spiral sequence to acquire MRI data and used auto-focusing technique for image deblurring. We also used direct method or iterative method to correct motion induced phase errors in the process of deblurring. In vivo MRI experiments demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively suppress motion artifacts and off-resonance artifacts and achieve images with fine structures. In addition, the scan time was not increased in applying the proposed method.

In order to clarify the ecological and biological effects of fruit bagging, tomato variety JYK was taken as the test material to study the changes of the microenvironment in different color fruit bags and the effects of these changes on the fruit development, yield and quality, with the treatment without fruit bagging as the control (CK). The results showed that bagging with different color fruit bags had positive effects in decreasing the light intensity of the microenvironment and increasing its temperature and humidity, and thus, increased the single fruit mass and promoted the harvest stage advanced. Black bag had the best effects in increasing microenvironment temperature and fruit mass, with the single fruit mass increased by 27.2% and the harvest period shortened by 10 days, compared with CK. The fruit maturation period in colorless bag, blue bag and red bag was shortened by 8, 3 and 2 days, and the single mass was increased by 11.8%, 6.4% and 4.8%, respectively. Moreover, the coloring and lycopene content of the fruits with different color bags bagging were improved, but the fruit rigidity and fruit soluble solid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were decreased. Therefore, bagging with different color bags could improve the yield of tomato fruits, but decrease the fruit nutritional quality.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infection in unvaccinated or incomplete vaccinated infants with cough for a prolonged duration., Methods: The serum samples and nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 176 patients with cough for a prolonged duration ( ≥ 2 weeks) from 2011 to 2012 at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal secretion was employed to identify B.pertussis. And enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect antibody to pertussis toxin(PT-IgG). Total bacterial DNA was enacted from nasopharyngeal secretion and two-target IS481/PT of B.pertussis was detected by PCR. The sera and nasopharyngeal secretions were also collected from household contacts with cough for a prolonged duration. Their clinical characteristic and epidemiological profiles were collected and analyzed., Results: B.Pertussis infection was demonstrated in 51 cases (29.0%). The patients ages were from 23 days to 4 years. Among them, 46 cases (90.2%) were aged under 12 months and 5 cases (9.8%) over 12 months. And 40 cases were unvaccinated (31 cases <3 months old, 4 cases 3-12 months old, 5 cases >5 years old) and 11 cases incompletely vaccinated. There were 31 males and 20 females. More patients were found in spring and summer than those in autumn and winter. Nine infant cases had 12 household contacts. Among 12 household contacts, 3 were PCR positive and 12 PT-IgG positive. Pertussis was remarkably critical in infants. Serious complications included failure to thrive, pneumonia, respiratory failure and seizures., Conclusions: B.pertussis infection is an important cause in unvaccinated or incomplete vaccinated infants with prolonged cough. Peak seasons of pertussis are spring and summer. Undiagnosed adolescents and adults with pertussis may be a significant source for transmission of B.pertussis to other susceptible children. Infants aged under 1 year are at risk for severe pertussis and life-threatening complications. As a rapid and sensitive method of detecting B.pertussis, PCR may be used in early phase.

An incubation test was conducted to study the effects of the decomposition of poplar and trabeculate alder leaf litters with different mixed ratios and under different application ways on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). The mixed ratio of the litters had significant effects on soil MBC and MBN. On the 30th day of incubation, soil MBC and MBN were significantly higher in the treatments with > or = 50% of alder litter than in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control. On the 75th day of incubation, the soil MBC in the treatments with > or = 40% of alder litter and the soil MBN in the treatments with > or = 30% of alder litter were significantly greater than those in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control. After 135 days incubation, soil MBC and MBN were significant higher in the treatments with > or = 20% and > or = 40% of alder litter than in the treatment with poplar litter only and the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in the soil MBC/MBN between the treatments with different mixed ratios of poplar and alder leaf litters and the control. Overall, soil MBC/MBN increased during the early period of incubation and decreased in the later period, suggesting that soil microflora changed during the decomposition of the litters. In the whole incubation period, the application ways of the litters had lesser effects on the soil MBC, MBN, and MBC/MBN, indicating that the addition ways of the litters did not affect soil microflora.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of pertussis in hospitalized infants aged under 3 months with persistent cough., Methods: The nasopharyngeal secretions and serum samples were collected from hospitalized infants aged under 3 months with cough for over 2 weeks from January 2011 to January 2012. The samples of nasopharyngeal secretion were suctioned and collected. Multiplex PCR assay was employed to identify Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used to detect antibody to pertussis toxin (PT-IgG). Total bacterial DNA was exacted from nasopharyngeal secretion and two-target IS481/PT of B. pertussis was detected by PCR., Results: Fifty-nine infants (32 boys and 27 girls) were enrolled. None of them was pre-immunized with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Seventeen infants (28.8%) were B. Pertussis positive. Among 17 cases, 3 infants under 1 month, 4 infants 1 -2 months, and 10 infants 2 - 3 months. Three infants had household contacts with persistent cough and their serum antibodies to pertussis toxin were positive. Sixteen infants with pertussis had the paroxysms of frequent and rapid coughs while another 5 with pertussis had long inspiratory effort accompanied by a high-pitched "whoop" at the end of paroxysms. Seven infants with pertussis had conjunctiva bleeding, a special sign of pertussis. Ten infants had lymphocytosis with a predominant elevation of lymphocytes., Conclusions: B. pertussis is an important pathogen for the infants under 3 months with persistent cough. Multiplex PCR may be used to identify B. pertussis with a high sensitivity. The unrecognized close family members of the infants with pertussis are probably an important source of infection.

With the seeds from nine natural Cyclocarya paliurus populations as test materials, their phenotypic traits, including 1000-seed weight, seed size, seed diameter, seed thickness, and seed diameter/thickness ratio, were investigated, and the phenotypic diversity among and within the populations were studied by the methods of ANOVA analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences were observed in the 1000-seed weight, seed size, seed diameter, and seed thickness among and within the populations, and in the seed diameter/thickness ratio within the populations, illustrating that there existed high phenotypic diversity of seed traits at these two levels. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (V) of test seed traits was 20.54%, i. e., the variation among the populations was far smaller than that (79.46%) within the populations. The seed traits had different correlation degrees with geographical factors, and most affected by mean annual air temperature. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance, the nine natural Cyclocarya paliurus populations could be classified into three groups.

There are more than 7.0 million hm2 of poplar plantation in China, ranking top one in the world. To meet the needs of a growing world for social-economic development, environmental improvement, and sustainable development through poplar plantation establishment is a main research interest in the globe. This paper introduced the regionalizing cultivation, key planting clones, and productivities of poplar plantations in China, and summarized the recent 10 years research progress in China in the site quality evaluation, seedling propagation techniques, management patterns, mixed plantation establishment, agroforestry management system, water and nutrient management techniques, site productivity maintenance, and ecological functions of poplar plantation. The potential productivity, general allocation, oriented silviculture, and environmental function study of poplar plantation were also discussed and prospected. The contents of this paper would provide some references for the silviculture and sustainable management of poplar plantation in China.

Coriaria nepalensis, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiuscukum, Imperata cylindrical var. major, and Quercus fabric were used as mulching materials to study their effects on the rhizosphere soil microbial population and enzyme activity and the tree growth in poplar plantation. The results showed that after mulching with test materials, the populations of both bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil were more than those of the control. Of the mulching materials, I. cylindrical and Q. fabric had the best effect, with the numbers of bacteria and fungi being 23.56 and 1.43 times higher than the control, respectively. The bacterial and fungal populations in rhizosphere soil increased with increasing mulching amount. When the mulching amount was 7.5 kg m(-2), the numbers of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil were 0.5 and 5.14 times higher than the control, respectively. Under bio-mulching, the bacterial and fungal populations in rhizosphere soil had a similar annual variation trend, which was accorded with the annual fluctuation of soil temperature and got to the maximum in July and the minimum in December. The urease and phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil also increased with increasing mulching amount. As for the effects of different mulching materials on the enzyme activities, they were in the order of C. nepalensis > P. aquilinum > I. cylindrical > Q. fabric. The annual variation of urease and phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil was similar to that of bacterial and fungal populations, being the highest in July and the lowest in December. Bio-mulching promoted the tree height, DBH, and biomass of poplar trees significantly.

Objective: To investigate the expression of a novel metastasis-inducing protein human anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) in breast cancer and its clinical and prognostic significance., Methods: AGR2 expression was assessed in 160 cases of breast cancer and 20 cases of benign breast diseases by immunohistochemistry using tissue chip technology. In addition the expression of ERa, PR and c-erbB-2 in breast cancer was also evaluated. Follow-up information of 5-year duration was available in 127 patients with breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis and COX regression model were used to analyze the correlation between AGR2 expression and the follow-up clinical data., Results: The expression of AGR2 was significantly higher in breast cancers than that in benign diseases (68.3% vs. 25.0% , P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between AGR2 expression and the histological grade of breast cancer (P <0.05) , whereas positive correlations was found between the expression of AGR2 and ERalpha (P <0.05), and between the expression of AGR2 and PR (P <0.01). In the subgroup of ERalpha-positive breast cancer, Logistic regression model demonstrated AGR2 and TNM stage were important factors affecting lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that a positive expression of AGR2 was associated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival (both P <0.01). Moreover, COX regression model confirmed the expression of AGR2 as an independent prognostic factor among patients with ERa-positive breast cancer (P <0.01)., Conclusions: The abnormal expression of AGR2 may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. The metastasis-inducing capability of AGR2 may be partly regulated through the ER pathway. Therefore, AGR2 may be a useful molecular marker for prognostication for patient with hormone-responsive breast cancer.

Taking overwintering tomato variety "L402" as test material, this paper studied the effects of bagging with different texture bags on its fruit enlarging and quality, and the microenvironment within the bags. The results showed that bagging could change the microenvironment of fruit development, promote fruit maturing in advance, and improve fruit mass and quality. The light intensity and humidity in parchment bag were at the intermediate of those in plastic and no-spinning cloth bags, and the temperature was the highest among all treatments, except that it was lower than that in plastic bag at forenoon. The fruit enlarging rate in parchment bag was also the highest, and the single fruit mass increased by 15.34%, compared with the control. However, the fruit soluble solid, soluble sugar, and vitamine C contents and the sugar/acid ratio in all bagging treatments were lower than those of the control, suggesting that bagging debased the nutritive quality and the tastiness of tomato fruit. Due to the fact that bagging prevented the direct contact of fruit with pesticides, the fruit chlorpyrifos and betacypermethrin contents in parchment and plastic bags were lower than the control, except that the chlorpyrifos content in no-spinning cloth bag was higher.

With tomato variety "L402" as test crop, this paper studied its photosynthetic and transpiration characteristics in different seasons under different soil water contents. Three treatments were installed, i. e. , 80% ( I ) , 65% ( II ) and 50% ( III ) soil water content. The results showed that when cultivated in spring, the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of tomato leaves were the highest in treatment I , followed by treatments II and Ill, while the water utilization efficiency ( WUE) was the highest in treatment II. The decrease of soil water content changed the diurnal variations of Pn and Tr significantly, and aggravated the midday depression of photosynthesis. The tomato growing in winter had the lowest Pn and Tr in treatment mI , while no difference was observed between treatments I and II. No midday depression of photosynthesis was found among the three treatments. The WUE was the highest in treatment m , and the lowest in treatment I . All of these suggested that the tomato plants cultivated in different seasons had different responses to soil water content. The diurnal variations of their Pn and Tr were significantly different, and the Pn and Tr of spring tomato were significantly higher than those of winter tomato under the same soil water content.

Objective: To investigate the varieties, resoures and identification authentication of Guoshangye used in Tuja and Miao's folk., Method: Through field investigations and comparing the collected specimens and literatures, the classification and identification of the species were studied., Result and Conclusion: Origin of Guoshangye plant was from Pholidota yunnanensis, Bulbophyllum andersonii, B. odoratissimum, B. kamgtimgemse, ect. their morphological characters were identified. Due to limited resource of Guoshangye, the development and protection should be paid more attention.

The mouse hairless gene is a crucial nuclear receptor gene associated with the structure of hair and skin. It encodes a putative zinc finger transcription factor, and is a transcriptional corepressor for thyroid hormone receptors. Hairless gene plays a critical role in maintaining the delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the hair follicle as well as in the interfollicular epidermis, and is concerned with the control of hair growth cycling. This study was designed to clone and analyze the cDNA encoding Hr from Kunming mouse. The RT-PCR method was developed to clone the Hr cDNA. A full-length cDNA and CDS sequences of Kunming mouse were 4104bp and 3546bp, respectively, which has been accepted by GenBank (Accession Number: AY547391). Accession number of protein encoded by AY547391 sequence in GenBank is AAT45233 , composed of 1181 amino acid residues. The Hr cDNA of Kunming mouse was cloned and sequenced for the first time. The identities of CDS of Hr gene were 99.9%, 94.4%, 83.1%, 78.1%, 81.9% and 82.1% by homologous comparison among Kunming mouse and other six species, and that were 99.9%, 92.2%, 81.7%, 70.8%, 79.9% and 80.1% respectively in amino acid sequences. The results suggested a high degree of conservation and thus functional significance of the Hr gene among different mammalian taxons. The results derived from information searching by Blast program revealed that there were 4 SNP sites and one deletion mutation in the sequences of hairless gene mRNAs between Kunming mice and that collected in GenBank. Three SNP sites did not alter the related amino acids encoded. Two SNP proved to be polymorphism mutant sites with amino acids changes. The results provided new data for SNPs in Hr gene.

Objective: To establish a new staging system based on analysis of several presently used clinical staging systems for carcinoma of nasal cavity., Methods: The data of 122 patients treated from 1985 to 1997 in the cancer center of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed, and a new clinical staging system was established using computer optimizing and screening combined with the clinical results. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the multivariate analysis was achieved by Cox proportional hazard model., Results: The flaws in the presently used clinical staging systems proposed by Zhuang, Qiu, Department of Head and Neck of Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University and University of Florida and the AJCC'2002, were as follows: insufficient consideration of the modern tomography resulting in indefinite location of the tumor in clinical practice, the uneven distribution of patients in different stages, being unable to separate survival curves of different stages, and not containing of all necessary clinical staging information in some staging systems. However, based on our new staging system, the cases distributed in T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 16, 32, 42 and 32, and the 5-year survival rate was 78.8%, 64.6%, 49.9% and 30.0%, respectively. The cases distributed in stage I, II, III and IV was 16, 26, 45 and 35, and the 5-year survival rate was 78.8%, 68.4%, 51.3% and 29.0%, respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate was 61.6%., Conclusion: Compared to the presently used clinical staging systems, the new staging system may have more advantages in various parameters for the clinical staging in the carcinoma of nasal cavity, and may be worth to be widely and clinical used.

Objective: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant disorder that affects ectodermal tissues. In IP, mutations in NEMO lead to the complete loss of NF-kB activation creating a susceptibility to cellular apoptosis in response to TNF-alpha. Recently, a second nonfunctional copy of the gene, Delta NEMO was identified, opposite in direction to NEMO. Almost 90% of IP whose gene mutation type had been recognized have a recurrent genomic deletion of exons 4-10 of the NEMO (IKK gamma) gene, called NEMO Delta 4-10, which is necessary to activate the NF-kB pathway. Therefore, PCR-based detection of the NEMO deletion is a diagnostic measurement for IP. This study sought to analyze the NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion in NEMO gene of Chinese IP cases., Methods: Seven IP cases and part of their families totally 15 persons were enrolled in this study. The 7 IP cases were aged 41 days to 8 years. Among them 1 was male and 6 were female. Four cases had family history of IP, the other 3 were sporadic cases. Fifty healthy children without any congenital diseases were taken as normal control group. According to the gene characteristics of IP, by PCR measurement NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion in NEMO gene was tested with specific primers In2/JF3R, and NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion in pseudogene Delta NEMO was checked out by primers Rev-2/JF3R., Results: Five out of the 7 tested cases (case 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) showed NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion in NEMO gene. The mothers of case 1 and case 6, 1a and 6a, also suffered from this disease, and their results were just the same as their daughters. For pseudogene Delta NEMO only case 2 and case 4 were proved having NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion, while other cases and families had negative results. For normal control group, NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion was not found either in NEMO gene or in their pseudogene Delta NEMO., Conclusion: Incontinentia pigmenti in most cases were caused by NEMO Delta 4-10 deletion in NEMO gene.

Objective: To analyze the factors affecting prognosis of patients with nasal carcinoma., Methods: 163 patients treated from 1985 to 1998 were analyzed. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and the comparison between groups by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox proportional hazard model., Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was 58.2%. The 5-year survival rate was 55.8% in squamous-cell carcinoma, 44.0% in adenocarcinoma, 59.7% in undifferentiated carcinoma, 76.3% in adenoid cystic carcinoma, 71.4% in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 25.0% in rhabdomyosarcoma, 26.7% in malignant melanoma, 50.0% in neuroblastoma (P > 0.05). Patients with cervical metastasis gave a 5-year survival of 53.5% while those without gave 58.9% (P > 0.05). Patients with involvement of sphenoidal sinus or maxillary sinus gave the worse survival. The 5-year survival rate was 73.8% in patients whose cancer completely disappeared after treatment. It was 41.6% in patients whose cancer incompletely disappeared, and 34.3% in patients whose cancer remained refractory (P < 0.01). The 5-year survival was 78.3% in stage I disease, 56.4% in stage II disease, 54.2% in stage III and 35.9% in stage IV (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients who were treated with radiotherapy only was 56.9%. That of patients who were treated with surgery only was 56.6%. That with chemotherapy only was 25.0% whereas that of patients treated with combination treatment was 61.8% (P > 0.05). So far, 85 patients have died up to writing this report, 57.6% (49 patients) of recurrence or uncontrolled., Conclusion: Clinical stage, immediate therapeutic response and involvement of sphenoidal or maxillary sinus; but not the pathologic type, the presence of cervical metastasis nor the method of treatment, are the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with nasal carcinoma. Recurrence and uncontrolled disease are the cause of death.

Electroporation has been used effectively to deliver DNA into the tissue of intact wheat immature embryos. The physical parameters of electroporation were 770 V/cm field strength, 800 microF capacitor and 100 microg/mL of plasmid DNA, containing bar and GUS gene. The electroporation was carried out by a portable and permanent ring electrode that can be fitted into the wells of 24-well plates. The samples were pulsed three times. Integration of the introduced genes into the genome of transgenic wheat plants was shown by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Transformation frequency was 7.5%, that is higher than that of the 4.2% frequency by microprojectile bombardment.

Background & Objective: Carcinoma of nasal cavity is a rare disease without standard treatment. This study was designed to evaluate treatment outcome, and prognostic factors of patients with carcinoma of nasal cavity., Methods: Records of 98 patients with carcinoma of nasal cavity were reviewed,43 patients received radiotherapy alone, 55 patients received surgery plus radiotherapy. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method,differences between groups were tested by log-rank test,multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox proportional hazard model., Results: The overall 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 65.3%, and 37.1%. The 5-, and 10-year survival rates of patients with tumor of stage I, II were 87.3%, and 51.1%, those of patients with tumor of stage III, IV were 56.1%, and 32.2% (P=0.02). The patients with squamous cell carcinoma had lower survival rates than those with adenocarcinoma (P< 0.01). There was significant difference in survival rates between patients received radiotherapy alone and patients received radiotherapy plus surgery in advanced lesions (P=0.04) and in squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0.01), but not in early lesions (P=0.41) and in adenocarcinoma (P=0.73). Patients who were initially diagnosed cervical lymph node metastasis had a reduced survival rate compared with node-negative patients (P=0.01). In Cox's regression, clinical stage and node-positive were independent prognostic factors., Conclusions: The criteria should be taken into account when choosing treatment method for patients with carcinoma of nasal cavity: radiotherapy plus surgery is preferred for advanced lesions and for squamous cell carcinoma, radiotherapy alone is better for early lesions and for adenocarcinoma. Clinical stage, and node-positive may be independent prognostic factors of patients with carcinoma of nasal cavity.