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The application of homogeneous nano-catalysts in catalytic ozonation was reviewed and the technical mechanism of catalytic ozonation was discussed. There are many types of catalysts in actual production. Nano-catalysts have been widely concerned and applied due to their large specific surface area, many active sites and high catalytic efficiency. The different materials such as metal, metal oxide nano-catalyst, perovskite nano-catalyst and carbon-based nano-catalyst are summarized, and the existing treatment effects of nano-catalyst applied in catalytic ozonation are introduced. The main disadvantages and corresponding countermeasures of nano-catalysts are pointed out, and the future development direction is prospected. In order to provide reference for the application of nano-catalyst ozonation in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differences and their correlation in conventional chemical composition, fragrance-causing components and microbial community structure of cigar wrapper leaves before and after fermentation as well as metabolic pathway change were analyzed in this study to explore the mechanism of B. velezensis H1 on the flavoring and quality enhancement of cigar wrapper leaves. The results showed that relative contents of nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium were significantly changed after adding exogenous B. velezensis H1. The types and the content of aroma substances in cigar wrapper leaves treated with B. velezensis H1 increased significantly, such as phytol, geranylacetone and neophytadiene, which could effectively improve the quality of flue gas to be pure and mild. After fermentation, the bacterial diversity on the surface of cigar wrapper leaves changed significantly, and the number of OTUs was increased after B. velezensis H1 inoculation. The bacterial community structure and dominant flora on the surface of tobacco leaves were changed. The dominant phylum changed from Firmicutes to Actinobacteriota after treated with B. velezensis H1. The dominant genus evolved from Staphylococcus to Staphylococcus, Yaniella, unclassified_f_Micrococcaceae. The top five metabolic pathways of significant changes due to microbial community structure transformation were global and overview maps, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and energy metabolism. The results of correlation analysis showed that key substances such as reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine, total sugar, and potassium were greatly influenced by the bacterial community of cigar wrapper leaves. Generation of phenylethanol was related to Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Oceanobacillus. Geranylacetone formation was closely related to Micrococcus, Oceanobacillus, and Enteractinococcus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenylphosphonic dichloride and 1,10-diaminodecane monomer were used as raw materials to prepare phenylphosphonic diaminodecane by one-step condensation method. Then, vanillin and its derivatives containing monaldehyde, dialdehyde and trialdehyde group were introduced to prepare vanillin-based linear phosphoramide (V1), linear polyphosphoramide (V2) and branched polyphosphoramide (V3) containing Schiff base via condensation reaction. The structures of these three vanillin-based phosphoramide fire retardants were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their thermal stability, thermal degradation behavior and char-forming ability were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that the molecular structure and the content of phosphorus and nitrogen can both affect the thermal stability and carbonization of fire retardants simultaneously. For linear fire retardants V1 and V2, their molecular weight has a great influence on the thermal stability. When molecular weight increases, more C―C chains tend to decompose, so the thermal stability of V2 is lower than that of V1. The branched fire retardant V3 with a high degree of crosslinking has better carbonization properties than linear fire retardants. In addition, due to the acidolysis effect of Schiff base, three kinds of vanillin-based phosphoramide fire retardants can be completely degraded in acetic acid aqueous solution within 4, 12 h and 36 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the significant effects of enzyme treatment on tobacco and its products, the research achievements of enzyme treatment in tobacco quality improvement, aroma production, and harm reduction in recent years were reviewed as follows. The weak links and problems in the research of biological enzymes were analyzed. Significant progress had been made in the research of enzymatic degradation of starch and pectin in tobacco leaves, with composite enzymes being more effective than single enzymes. The combination of laccase and protease had a better effect on treating tobacco stems than single. At the same time, treatments with acid, alkali, and steam explosion could significantly improve the enzymatic hydrolysis effect. In the process of reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate using raw materials for tobacco thin slice preparation, biological enzymes were more effective, with advantages such as short processing time, high efficiency, and significant effects. In terms of aroma production, it was mainly achieved by producing substances that could participate in the Maillard reaction or catalyze the production of aroma precursors. In terms of harm reduction of cigarettes, it was mainly achieved by reducing the content of tobacco specific Nitrosamine and smoke free radicals and other harmful substances. In the future, in-depth research can be carried out from the aspects of structural characterization and characteristics of tobacco biomacromolecules, creation of tobacco enzyme preparations and analysis of catalytic mechanism, so as to further promote the research and application of biological enzymes in tobacco aroma enhancement, quality improvement and harm reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, transparent intumescent flame retardant coatings were prepared with melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) as the film-forming resin, phosphoric acid-pentaerythritol (H3PO4 -PER) as the intumescent flame retardant system, and graphene oxide (GO) as the flame retardant co-agent to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of wood-plastic composites (WPC). Results showed that the coatings had highly transparency, good physical properties, excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. The addition of GO did not change the physical properties of the coatings, but significantly improved the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of the WPC composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests showed that the charcoal residue of the coating increased by 11. 0% when 0. 2% GO was added. The simulated large plate burning method showed that the flame resistance time of the coating increased by 75. 0% compared with the control group when 0. 2% GO was added. Cone calorimeter (CONE) combustion test showed that the addition of GO effectively suppressed the heat release and smoke release of the coating. The total heat release and total smoke release of the coating decreased by 35. 6% and 43. 5%, respectively. The flake structure of graphene oxide became cross-linked points after the coating was expanded by heat, which improved the overall mechanical strength and stability of the carbon layer, and then achieved the effect of flame and smoke suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three phosphorus flame retardants 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphafi-10-oxide (DOPO), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) are intercalated into magnesium-aluminium type hydrotalcite (MAH) sheets by direct solvent-free preparation method, and three MAH compounds containing phosphorus flame retardants (DOPO-MAH, APP-MAH and MPP-MAH) are obtained. The three MAH compounds are added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to obtain their composites by hot-pressing. The compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and their composites are characterized via cone calorimetry. The results show that the dispersion of MPP in MAH is poor； the dispersion of DOPO and APP in MAH is better and the distribution of elemental phosphorus is uniform. The initial interlayer spacing of MAH is 4.11 nm. Both APP and MPP are intercalated at 0.5 h, and the final interlayer spacing is reduced to 3.93 and 4.04 nm, respectively. DOPO is completed after 0. 5 h, and the interlayer spacing of the intercalated MAH is smaller, 3.86 nm. Compared with composites made from physical mixtures, the peak heat release rate of (DOPO-MAH-6h) /TPU and (APP-MAH-6h) /TPU is decreased from 669. 3 kW/m² to 573. 9 kW/m² and from 657.7 kW/m² to 405.9 kW/m² . (MPP-MAH-6h) / TPU have no difference with (MPP+MAH) /TPU in peak heat release rate. Compared to the peak heat release rate of TPU, 1236. 6 kW/m², the peak heat release rate of (DOPO-MAH-6h) /TPU, (APP-MAH-6h) /TPU and (MPP-MAH-6h) /TPU was reduced by 53%, 67% and 57%, respectively. The results indicate that DOPOMAH, APP-MAH and MPP-MAH can be used to improve the flame retardant properties of TPU, however, DOPO-MAH and APP-MAH have better prospects for flame retardant applications in TPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeen different kinds of plant essential oils with good antibacterial effect were used in the experiment, through in vitro bacteriostatic test, single plant essential oil varieties with remarkable efficacy against common pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Beta hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus) causing bacterial respiratory tract infection in livestock and poultry were selected, and then through in vitro antibacterial orthogonal test, the best essential oil combination scheme was selected, based on the single plant essential oil screened previously with better antibacterial effect, and finally an animal infection model was established by artificial injection of appropriate strains, and the optimal therapeutic dose of compound essential oil combination was selected, which laid a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases in poultry breeding with plant essential oil. The results showed that, among the 17 plant essential oils, the best antibacterial single essential oils were cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.391 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.781 mg/mL against Beta hemolytic streptococcus. The best combinations of essential oils for bacteriostatic effect were 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde + oregano oil and 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde + thymol, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde + oregano oil on Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were all 0.195 mg/mL, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations on Escherichia coli and Beta hemolytic streptococcus were all 0.391 mg/mL; and the mini‐ mum inhibitory concentrations of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde + thymol on Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus were all 0.195 mg/mL, and the minimum inhibitory concentration for Beta hemolytic Streptococcus was 0.391 mg/mL. In the clinical trial of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde:thymol composite essential oils against respiratory pathogens in livestock and poultry, the optimal feeding dose was 200 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the rheological properties of warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt, warm agents (Sasobit), aluminum hydroxide and organic montmorillonite were added respectively into the 70# matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt to prepare two types of modified asphalt. The influence of flame retardant content on the high and low temperature performance of the warm-mixed flame retardant asphalt was analyzed by the dynamic shear rheometer test, bending beam rheometer test and multi-stress creep recovery test. The results show that with the increasing of flame retardant content, complex modulus, rutting factor, strain variation percent recovery and stiffness modulus value are increased gradually, while non-recoverable creep compliance and creep rate value are decreased. The flame retardant can improve the high temperature performance and impair the low temperature performance of the asphalt. Through comprehensive evaluation of high and low temperature rheological properties and economy, the optimal proportion of compound flame retardant is recommended to be 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame retardants play an important role in human life and production. The background of this paper is set up in a simulated fire. Through anthropomorphic methods, the properties and applications of common flame retardants are introduced, so that readers can understand common flame retardants in a lively way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sources and characteristics of coal chemical wastewater, including saline wastewater and organic wastewater was introducted・ The influence of coal chemical wastewater was analyzed・ The wastewater contains pyridine, quinoline, lipids and other harmfill substances, which is difficult to degrade and will cause environmental pollution and resource waste・ The treatment technology and recycling technology were analyzed in detail: the low saline wastewater was treated by "pre treatment + double membrane", the concentrated saline wastewater was treated by u pretreatment + membrane concentration, the high saline wastewater was treated by natural evaporation, mechanical evaporation and other processes, and the organic wastewater was treated by three processes: pretreatment, biochemical process and further treatment. The utilization methods and improvement measures of wastewater were analyzed comprehensively. The coal chemical wastewater can be used for the preparation of coal water slurry, the separation and recovery of crystalline salt, the recovery of waste heat of high temperature wastewater and the utilization of circulating water. In addition, coal chemical wastewater treatment technology has problems such as low recovery and poor treatment effect, it is necessary to constantly develop new technology to promote better and faster development of coal chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of mountain cold-trapping and global distillation effect of persistent organic pollutants（POPs） make the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau a hot research area of POPs. The research status and progress of polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）, organochlorine pesticides（OCPs）, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）, brominated flame retardants（BFRs） and perfluorinated substances（PFASs） in the multi-media of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were systematically reviewed. The content occurrence characteristics and environmental behavior of five types of POPs in multi-medium environment were elaborated. The content distribution characteristics of various POPs in the multi-media environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were summarized, OCPs: atmosphere＞soil＞fish; BFRs: soil＞fish＞highland barley; PCBs: highland barley＞rape＞soil; PAHs: fir＞soil＞water/sediment＞glacier; PFASs: surface water＞snowfall＞soil. To provide a feasible reference for the study of POPs source, occurrence characteristics and pollution research, and to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the research of new POPs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, development of treatment technologies and improving the monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the research of copper bismuth-ate photo catalysts with low cost, good photo catalytic degradation effect and no secondary pollution, this paper introduces the preparation and modification of copper bismuth from the aspects of morphology regulation, element doping, precious metal deposition, semiconductor composite and carbon material composite. The modified copper bismuth-ate photo catalysts can not only effectively broaden the range of photo response, inhibit the recombination of photo generated carriers, improve the photo catalytic activity, but also increase the stability of the material, and show excellent performance in the field of energy and environmental protection such as the treatment of harmful waste gases, water pollutants, hydrogen production, hydrogen peroxide production, etc., which provides reference value for the development and utilization of copper bismuth-ate photo catalysts in the field of energy and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the medication status of maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients in the hospital, so as to provide reference for the optimization of medication structure for peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: Clinical data of patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis for more than 1 year in the hospital from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by retrospective analysis. RESULTS: A total of 327 maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients were included. The total per capita medical expenses and the per capita total medicine spending showed a downward trend, yet the proportion of medicines showed an upward trend. The top 3 medicine types (excluding peritoneal dialysis fluid ) according to spending were blood and hematopoietic system medicines, cardiovascular medicines and Chinese patent medicines. The expenses of blood and hematopoietic system medicines increased significantly, among which the increase in the usage of anti-anemia drugs and phosphorus binders was the main reason for the increase in the expenses of blood and hematopoietic medicines. The proportion of cardiovascular medicines was stable, the top 5 medicines ranked by per capita annual expenses were calcium channel blockers, compound antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-receptor blockers and angiotensin-Ⅱ receptor blockers. The proportion of Chinese patent medicines decreased significantly, the top 3 medicines ranked by per capita annual expenses were Niaoduqing granules and Bailing capsules and Shenshuaining tablets. The number of complication diagnoses, age of the first dialysis and the duration of dialysis were the influencing factors of the increase in medicine expenses. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term peritoneal dialysis patients have many complications and complex drug combinations. The medicine composition needs to be further optimized to improve the therapeutic effect, which could help to reduce adverse drug reactions and the burden of medicine expenses in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application and research progress of metal hydride flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardants, nitrogen flame retardants, carbon flame retardants and expansion flame retardants and halogen-free flame retardant systems in rubber composites were reviewed in recent years.The effects of different flame retardants on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of different kinds of rubber were compared.These halogen-free flame retardant systems were summarized.The conclusion that the expansive flame retardants have excellent comprehensive properties is drawn.The application prospect of the expansive flame retardants in rubber is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire safety propaganda and education is crucial for protecting the public and their property. However, popularization of science regarding fire- and flame-retardant-related knowledge, as an important strategy to improve the national awareness of fire safety and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents, is currently limited. This paper presents a simple method for fabricating “expandable” flame retardant fabric coatings. Chemical knowledge, especially the three aspects of combustion, flame retardant materials, and flame retardant mechanisms, is popular among young people owing to the public’s accessible and popular art forms, including the design of interesting and vivid experiments, and the animation of mechanisms. The flame retardant fabrics may be prepared in the laboratory and at home. In this study, the multidimensional popular science experiments on the “Prevent Fire in Unburnt” fabrics designed for the public of all ages not only attracts teenagers to chemistry but also enables practical frontier scientific achievements, which facilitates the improvement of the public’s awareness of fire safety and scientific quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the research status of flame retardant and smoke suppressive asphalt mixture. The related process of asphalt pyrolysis and smoke generation is dis- cussed. Secondly, the existing test methods of flame retardant and smoke suppression are summarized, and the test methods of asphalt flue gas emission are divided into mass loss method and adsorption method. The flame-retardant technology of flame-retardant asphalt pavement, flame-retardant fiber pavement, and porous flame-retardant pavement are introduced, and the characteristics of two smoke suppression methods, reducing the mixing temperature and adding smoke suppression components are analyzed. The re- search hotspot of flame retardant and smoke suppression on asphalt pavement is analyzed, and the key points and directions for subsequent research on flame retardant and smoke suppression on asphalt pavement are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic effect of microorganisms and biochar can achieve low-carbon and green remediation of organic hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Strong phosphorus-soluble functional bacteria (Enterobacter sp.) were immobilized on biochars by impregnation adsorption method to make immobilized microbial carbon-based soil conditioner. Laboratory and pilot scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a organic hydrocarbon contaminated soil using carbon-based immobilization microbial bio-augmentation technology at a pharmaceutical site. The results showed that the application of phosphorus- dissolving bacteria, biochar, and carbon-based immobilized microorganisms could improve soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the bacterial community diversity. As such, the degradation of organic pollutants in soil was improved. Among these additives, the remediation immobilized microorganisms showed the best perfomance, contaminants concentrations in the soil were reduced by more than 50% after treatment. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for future complex contaminated soil remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the treatment effect of constructed wetland, the anaerobic tank surface flow constructed wetland (AT-SFCW) system was used to treat the tail water of sewage plant. The removal rules of CODcr, NH4+N, NO3- -N and TP pollutants in the system were discussed by investigating the effect of HRT change on the removal effect of pollutants. The results show that the removal efficiency of CODcr, NH4+N, NO3- -N and TP in AT-SFCW system increases first and then decreases with the extension of HRT. The optimal HRT of the system is 5 d, and the highest removal efficiency of each pollutant is 83.68%,86. 22%,88.99% and 69.87% respectively. When HRT =5 d, the concentration change of each pollutant shows that the pollutants are significantly reduced along each treatment unit, and most of CODcr and NO3- -N are removed in the anaerobic tank, which are reduced to 18. 19 mg/L and 0.29 mg/L respectively; The removal of NH-N and TP mainly occurred in the surface flow wetland, decreasing to 1.50 mg/L and 0.55 mg/L respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of the best HRT for the combined constructed wetland. The quantitative analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus removal pathways has important guiding significance for the in-depth understanding of the law of nitrogen removal in the constructed wetland and the improvement of the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of urbanization and industrialization, more and more chemicals were produced in large quantities and widely used. As a result, they entered the water environment through sewage discharge and agricultural drainage. Currently, the analytical methods of contaminants in water include three main strategies, including target screening, suspect analysis and nontarget screening. The number of compounds identified using target screening methods has increased to hundreds, which is far from meeting the current demand for emerging contaminants (ECs) detection in water environment. To comprehensively screen potential emerging contaminants in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, a nontarget screening strategy combined spectral library search with a molecular network was proposed in Jiangsu-Anhui provincial boundary cross section and 22 drinking water sources in Jiangsu section of Yangtze River. Under this strategy, through spectral library screening using a in-house library, a total of 118 emerging contaminants were identified by accurate mass, isotope distribution and MS/MS fragment ions. These contaminants involved pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, drugs, antibiotics, persistent organic pollutants, flame retardants, plasticizers, indicated active agents, chemical intermediates, and other categories. Since traditional targeted screening relies on commercial standards and screening lists, nontarget screening is a more favorable approach to study ECs and their transformation products in water. Therefore, unannotated chemical substances with similar structures to known contaminants were identified through molecular network technology based on the premise that structurally similar compounds have similar fragment ions. Through using the Global Natural Products Society molecular network (GNPS) to extract molecular families, another contaminant with similar toxicity to amantadine, N-methyl-1-adamantaneamine was found. Furthermore, twenty-three contaminants were confirmed through commercial standard, and 14 of them were detected at a rate of 100%. The quantitative analysis revealed the prevalence of perfluorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in water bodies, and the total concentrations of the 23 contaminants in each sample ranged from 6.46×10² ng/L to 1.72×10³ ng/L. Seven drugs and personal care products were detected. Amantadine was detected at the highest concentration among all locations, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), amantadine and 2,4-dinitrophenol were detected with the highest mean concentration levels in each location. The nontarget screening strategy using spectral library search and molecular network enabled high-throughput identification of contaminants in water without prior information and standards, in which the structures of unannotated characteristic peaks were inferred from annotated substances with spectral libraries. This strategy will accelerate the systematic discovery of emerging and unknown contaminants in the aqueous environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-based magnetic metal organic framework materials （MMOFs） with high selectivity， easy separation and multiple reuse have been widely applied in wastewater treatment. Ferrous magnetic metal organic framework materials （MMOFs） have been widely used in wastewater treatment due to their high selectivity, easy separation and multiple reuse. In this paper, the main synthesis methods of iron based MMOFs in recent years, such as mixed synthesis, in situ growth， layer by layer self-assembly, buffer encapsulation and other synthesis methods, are summarized; At the same time, the application progress of iron based MMOFs materials in the fields of catalysis, such as heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis and adsorption， such as the adsorption treatment of heavy metals, the adsorption treatment of organic substances and the phosphate adsorption treatment of landscape water in sewage remediation is summarized; The application characteristics of several representative MMOFs materials, such as specific surface area， pore diameter, magnetic saturation strength, treated pollutants, adsorption capacity and reuse times, were compared. Finally, the future research of iron based MMOFs materials is prospected. It is believed that the research direction of MMOFs materials in the future is to improve the stability and selectivity of MMOFs, expand the application scale of MMOFs, and develop low-cost and simpler preparation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of effects of spirocyclophosphoimidazole (Fr) on flame retardance, mechanical properties and fire behavior of cotton fabric, the pyrolysis volatiles of spirocyclophosphoimidazole flame retardant cotton (Fr-cotton) were studied by Thermogravimetric infrared (TG-IR). The results showed that Fr is a good flame retardant for cotton fabrics, which could reduce the pyrolysisvolatiles, increase limiting oxygen index (LOI) from 18. 7% to 36. 6%, and increasethe residue at 600 ℃ from 8. 6% to 28. 5%. Adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and CeO2 (MO), the pyrolysis volatiles of Fr-cotton were further reduced, and the main components were only water and CO2/CO, the LOI value was further increased to 43%, and the residue at 600 ℃ was increased to 42. 6%. This indicates that the flame retardant mainly acts in the solidified phase, increases the amount of residue, reduces the generation of volatiles, and changes the pyrolysis pathway of cotton fabric. Levoglucosan and furans are generated during the pyrolysis of cotton fabric, and then they decompose into small molecule volatiles. The flame retardants directlycatalyze cotton fabric dehydrateand carbonize. This conclusion can provide theoretical support for the selection of flame retardants for cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for intrauterine perfusion on endometrial receptivity (ER) and clinical outcome in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). METHODS: Totally 76 patients with RIF admitted into this hospital from Jan. 2020 to Jul. 2022 were selected and divided into PRP+G-CSF perfusion group (38 cases) and control group (no perfusion, 38 cases) according to whether or not intrauterine perfusion was performed before frozenthawed embryo transfer. The embryo implantation rates, chemical pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy rates, early miscarriage rates and ectopic pregnancy rates of both groups were recorded, the thickness, morphology, blood flow type and hemodynamic indexes [uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI)] of endometrium were compared between two groups on the day of embryo transfer, and the incidence of adverse events of uterine perfusion in the PRP+G-CSF group was recorded. RESULTS: After treatment, the embryo implantation rate, chemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of the PRP+G-CSF group were respectively 46. 88% (30/38), 60. 53% (23/38) and 60. 53% (23/38), which were higher than those of the control group [26. 56%(17/38), 31. 58%(12/38) and 31. 58%(12/38)], with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The early abortion rates were 4. 35% (1/23) and 16. 67% (2/12) in the two groups, with no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). No ectopic pregnancy occurred in both groups, and there were no adverse events of intrauterine perfusion in the PRP+G-CSF group. On the day of embryo transfer, the endometrial thickness of patients in the PRP +G-CSF group was (10. 20±2. 02) mm, which was thicker than that of the control group [(9. 15±1. 51) mm], with statistically significant difference (P < 0. 05); the percentage of endometrial blood flow type GⅡ or above and the percentage of C-type endometrium were respectively 86. 84% (33/38) and 89. 47% (34/38), which were higher than those in the control group [65. 79% (25/38) and 71. 05%(27/38)], with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). On the day of embryo transfer, the uterine artery PI and RI levels of patients in the PRP+G-CSF group were 2. 35±0. 53 and 0. 83±0. 08, which were lower than those of the control group (2. 69±0. 49 and 0. 87±0. 09), with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: PRP combined with G-CSF intrauterine perfusion can improve endometrial thickness and blood perfusion in patients with RIF, thus improve their ER and pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce acid was described. The influencing factors of sludge anaerobic fermentation acid production were summarized, such as C/N, temperature, pH, sludge residence time and pollutants, and it was pointed out that the C/N ratio of sludge anaerobic fermentation system was 20 ~ 30,the temperature was 25 ~ 40 °C, the pH was 10, the sludge residence time was 5 ~ 10 d and the appropriate pollutant concentration was conducive to the accumulation of SC-FAs. The latest research progress of the anaerobic fermentation technology of sludge, co-fermentation and combined pretreatment, was reviewed. Both of the two technologies could significantly increase the yield of SCFAs. At last, the shortcomings of the current research were put forward, and the future research directions were prospected, in order to provide reference for maximizing the resources of sludge treatment and disposal and anaerobic digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CNF/PEI composite hydrogel (CPH) was prepared by chemical crosslinking using wheatstraw-based CNF and PEI as materials. The SEM results show that the micromorphology of die composite hydrogel was a honeycomb-like macroporous network structure. FTIR and elemental analysis show that CPH carried a large amount of amino groups. The adsorption of Cr(VI) results show that the pH 2 is optimal pH. The adsorption kinetics conform to the quasi-secondary kinetics model, the adsorption isothermal equation conforms to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity is 117.1 mg/g and 123.5 mg/g at 25, 35 °C based on Langmuir model, respectively. After three adsorption-desorption cycles, its adsorption capacity is above 70% compared with the control group, indicating that CPH hydrogel has certain regeneration and recycling properties. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of agricultural wastes and the treatment of Cr(VI) pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rules of asarum in the prescription of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces in Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (hereinafter referred to as “the hospital”), so as to provide reference for the rational application of asarum in the treatment of skin diseases. METHODS: Outpatient traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces prescriptions containing asarum diagnosed with skin diseases in the hospital in 2021 were extracted, and the prescription information was collected. Frequency analysis and association rule analysis were carried out for the application of asarum. RESULTS: A total of 1 004 traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces prescriptions were included, mainly from the department of dermatology and traditional Chinese medicine. Asarum was mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine decoction, with the dosage from 2 to 15 g. There were 580 prescriptions (57. 77%) with off-label use of traditional Chinese medicine. Frequency analysis results showed that the degree of off-label use in Asarum were 2 to 5 times, and no adverse drug reactions were found. The syndrome types with high frequency of asarum were diagnosed as cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat syndrome, and spleen deficiency and dampness excess syndrome. Association rule analysis results showed that the core drugs strongly associated with asarum were asarum, osmanthus twig and angelica sinensis, asarum, osmanthus twig and attached pieces. The core drug pair mainly included asarum and cinnamomum twig, angelica sinensis, poria cocos and licorice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis of prescription drugs, asarum often used in combination with cinnamon twig, angelica sinensis, poria cocos and licorice to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity, and there is a certain off-label use of asarum in the clinical treatment of skin diseases. The clinical application of asarum in the treatment of skin diseases provides data support for the reasonable compatibility and safe dose range of traditional Chinese medicine, which is conducive to promoting clinical safe drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of microcapsules prepared by in-s让u polymerization, the influencing factors of preparation and the application progress in the field of functional materials are reviewed・ The principle and process of preparing microcapsules by in-situ polymerization of oil soluble monomers and water-soluble monomers were introduced respectively・ The effects of preparation processes such as the type of capsule wall, the ratio of core to wall, the type of emulsifier, the concentration of emulsifier, the emulsification rate and the stirring rate on the coating effect and performance of microcapsules were discussed・ The applications in the fields of phase change materials, flame retardant materials and self-healing materials are emphasized・ And discuss the advantages and disadvantages in the application process・ The process defects of microcapsules prepared by in s让u polymerization are summarized・ The problem of insufficient compatibility between microcapsules and functional matrix materials is also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blends of tannic acid （TA) /poly(vinyl alcohol）（PVA） are prepared by compression molding and the effect of different TA/PVA ratios on the flame retardant properties of the TA-PVA blends is studied. The flammability of TA-PVA blends is assessed using cone calorimetry， thermogravimetric analysis （TGA), differential scanning calorimetry （DSC)，UL-94 tester and LOI tester. The addition of TA can improve the flame retardancy of PVA through hydrogen bonding between TA and PVA. The more the content of TA in the TA-PVA blends, the better the thermal stability of TA-PVA and the glass transition temperature of TA-PVA. When the ratio of n（TA) ∶ n(PVA）is 1∶50， the LOI value of TA-PVA is 31. 6% and UL-94 grade reaches V-1 level， the peak heat release rate of TA-PVA decreases from 634. 9 kW/m² to 328. 1 kW/m² and smoke production rate decreases from 0. 18 m² /s to 0. 10 m2 /s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a kind of refractory organic compounds, which cause serious damage to human health and environmental quality. Firstly, the ecological risks and biological toxicity of perfluorocarbons were introduced. The four removal technologies of adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, membrane separation and photochemical oxidation were reviewed. The removal effects of different removal technologies and the effects of materials on the removal rate were compared. Secondly, the treatment effect and influence factors of different methods on actual wastewater were discussed. Finally, based on the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment methods of perfluorinated compounds, the improvement of the removal effect and stability of perfluorinated compounds by different combinations of technologies was emphatically discussed, in order to provide useful reference for the research and development of high-efficiency removal technology of perfluorinated compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oily sludge is the main pollutant in the petroleum and petrochemical industry, and its complex characteristics make it difficult to handle. Although biological treatment technology has the advantages of safety, environmental protection and low treatment cost, it needs further research on how to realize harmlessness and resource utilization. Through the demonstration project of biological treatment of oily sludge, the hazardous characteristics of the materials after treatment was analyzed. In addition, the resource utilization of the materials after treatment was explored through comparing the relevant standards of greening planting soil. The results show that the oily sludge after biological treatment is not flammable, and the content of leaching toxicity and toxic substances does not exceed the content limit. The main physical and chemical indicators and safety indicators have met the level II indicators of "Greening Planting Soil" (CJ/T 340-2016). This study provides effective ways and strategies for environmental risk control and resource utilization of oily sludge through biological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An allyl functionalized cyclotriphosphazene, which is expected to serve as flame retardant and irradiation sensitizer, is introduced into the matrix composed of low-density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer by melt blending. Based on the organic-inorganic complex flame retardants, a family of new halogen-free flame retardant insulating composites is prepared. Furthermore, the irradiation crosslinking of the composites is conducted by electron-beam irradiation at the irradiation doses of 100~190 kGy, and the relationship between irradiation dose and properties is investigated. The results indicate that the irradiation crosslinked composites containing functional cyclotriphosphazene have excellent mechanical strength, flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties, and they may be promising for wire and cable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the metabolic mechanism of Danbei Yifei decoction on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis rats based on lipidomic technology. METHODS: The rat model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin. Serum lipid changes were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbital well mass spectrometry, and differential ions were identified to search for potential biomarkers. RESULTS: Lipidomics and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the abnormal metabolism of the rats with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mainly involved linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, triglyceride metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. ROC curves showed that 11 lipid components were clearly correlated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with the tendency of different degrees of regression after the intervention of Danbei Yilong decoction. CONCLUSIONS: Danbei Yiku decoction may achieve the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by regulating biomarkers and related pathways, providing a reliable basis for lipid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinic. It has various pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-viral, liver protection and immune regulation. It is clinically used to treat tumors, pharyngeal inflammation, hepatitis and other diseases. However, the adverse drug reactions are commonly reported. Toxicological studies have found that excessive dosage of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma can bring toxic reactions to digestive system, nervous system, respiratory system, blood system, cardiovascular system and hepatobiliary system, etc. Among them, neurotoxicity is the most severe and harmful. This paper mainly reviews the chemical composition, imaging manifestations, neurotoxicity induced by irrational use (off-label dose, off-label course of treatment, long decoction time and irrational compatibility), potential mechanism of action, poisoning prevention measures and post poisoning treatment methods, so as to provide reference for further exploring the pharmacological and toxicological mechanism, clinical rational use and avoiding toxicity of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspergillus amstelodami A1 isolated from Pu-erh tea was inoculated in sterilized or unsterilized sun-dried green tea leaves to develop pure culture fermentation and enhanced fermentation (EF) of Pu-erh tea. The results showed that the content of tea polyphenols and five catechins in tea decreased significantly, and the content of thearubigins and theabrownins increased significantly after pure culture fermentation. Compared with natural fermentation, the levels of soluble sugars and theabrownins in EF were significantly higher, whereas the levels of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin and caffeine were significantly lower; the scores of sensory evaluation including appearance, color of infusion, taste, aroma and infused leaves in EF were significantly higher; while the value of a* and b* of EF's tea infusion were higher and the value of L* was lower. A. amstelodami A1 didn't become the dominant fungi in EF, while the microbial communities in EF were different from those in NF. Therefore, the enhanced fermentation by inoculation of A. amstelodami A1 changed the chemical components of tea leaves through the synergistic effect with other microorganisms, therefore improving the sensory quality of Pu-erh tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nocardia mangyaensis, tar-rich coal and surfactants were added to 50 mL liquid medium, and biodegradation experiments were performed in a temperature incubator at 30 ℃, oscillation speed of 160 r/min. The effects of biodegradation time, inoculation size, coal amount and surfactants on the biodegradation effect of tar-rich coal were investigated. The results showed that low concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), straight chain alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), Tween-80 (Tw-80), polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) could change the surface properties of coal and increased the hydrophilicity of coal, which was conducive to the contact between bacteria and coal. Among them, TritonX-100 had the most obvious effect. The optimal process conditions for the biodegradation of tar-rich coal by Nocardia mangyaensis were bacteria concentration of 200 mL/L, coal concentration of 18 g/L, Triton X-100 concentration of 1 000 mg/L and incubation time of 15 d. Under these technological conditions, the biodegradation rates reached 57.8%. Infrared analysis showed that part of aromatic rings and carboxyl groups in coal samples were biodegraded by Nocardia mangyaensis, and organic macromolecules were largely dissociated into small molecules. GC-MS showed that the degradation liquid mainly contained small molecular substances such as alkanes, esters, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, and the relative molecular weights were between 92 to 647. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research status of photocatalytic oxidation technology in the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater were reviewed, and introduced the application progress of semiconductor photocatalysts, photo-catalytic composite membranes and some combined technologies related to photocatalytic oxidation technology in the field of ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment. It also amply introduces the treatment effects of kinds of methods about ammonia nitrogen wastewater and the advantages and disadvantages. It proposes the development direction of photocatalytic oxidation technology in the field of ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile bed biofilm reactor is a new and efficient sewage treatment process, its combined process has better treatment effect, stronger nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal capability and more stable operation. The two-stage AO-MBBR combination process was used to treat the sewage of Jiulongpo District of Chongqing, and to investigate the startup and operation characteristics of the equipment under low temperature in winter. The results showed that when the average concentration of influent water quality indexes chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were 87. 2,28.5,25・ 4, 2. 54 mg/L, respectively, the average concentration of effluent water quality indexes of COD,TN, NH3-N and TP were 13. 22,6. 75, 4. 77 mg/L and 0. 49 mg/L. The effluent water quality meets the Grade 1 A emission standard in the Pollutant Emission Standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). The research results can provide data reference and technical support for the engineering application of MBBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GO/CMC composite absorbent was prepared by the solution・blen(ling method using graphene oxide (GO) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as raw materials and characterized by FTIR, Raman, SEM, TEM, and TG・DTG・ The results show that a large number of carboxyl and epoxy groups are present in GO/CMC and that GO and CMC are well compounded・ The performance of the absorption treatment of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) wastewater is influenced by the composition of the absorbent, the addition of oxidizing agents, and inorganic phase change materials. Absorbent absorption treatment is most effective when GO is added at 10% ・ The oxidizing agent Ca(C1O)2 can undergo a more violent redox reaction with UDMH. The reaction intensity is effectively mitigated by the doping of absorbents ・ When 0. 5 g of 10% GO/CMC and 2. 5 g of Ca(C1O)2 were added, the maximum concentration of volatilized UDMH gas was only 58. 69 mg/m3 ・ Furthermore, the addition of inorganic phase change materials further reduces the system temperature and the maximum concentration of volatile UDMH gas. The GO/CMC composite absorbent can provide a useful exploration for the emergency absorption treatment of high concentration UDMH wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the brief introduction of the concept and generation mode of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP), the research progress of the degradation of pesticides and mycotoxins in food products by ACP at domestic and international was reviewed in this article. As well, the degradation mechanisms of pesticides and mycotoxins by ACP and the influencing factors on the degradation effect were also summarized and analyzed. It was concluded that ACP could effectively degrade the pesticides and mycotoxins in foods, which is mainly due to the chemical bond breakage caused by the active species in ACP, causing the degradation of these substances. In addition, the ACP discharge types and treatment parameters, the gas characteristics and the properties of pesticides and mycotoxins affect the degradation effect of ACP on pesticides and mycotoxins. Therefore, the treatment parameters of ACP should be optimized in practical application to achieve the optimal degradation effect. Meanwhile, the future research direction of ACP is also prospected in the safety evaluation of degradation products and ACP equipments innovation to provide a theoretical reference for the application of ACP in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research progress of dye degradation technology of printing and dyeing wastewater is reviewed, and the main dye types and hazards in printing and dyeing wastewater are pointed out. This paper analyzes the biological, physical, chemical and mixed treatment techniques commonly used in dye removal in printing and dyeing wastewater in recent years, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment systems, and evaluates the important role of decolorization efficiency in the study of various processes. Looking to the future, hybrid treatment technology has the advantages of each single treatment technology and can play synergy effect, will become the future research value and application value of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electro-catalytic oxidation method was used to degrade unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which is the main pollutant of propellant wastewater. A combined electrochemical system using Ti/PbO2 dimentionally stable anode (DSA) as anode and Pd coating steel with the same area as cathode achieves the degradation of UDMH. The UDMH removal rate was investigated under different experimental conditions. Using a 10 mg/L UDMH solution as the reaction system, titanium mesh-based PbO2 anode removed UDMH by 100% in 1 h, when current density is 1 mA/cm². The results also show that the removal rate is nearly 4 times higher than graphite felt electrode. Increasing the current density, adding chloride ions into the electrolysis cell, can strengthen the treatment capacity of this method, providing a new idea for the treatment of UDMH wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater has complex water quality conditions, poor biochemical performance and contains a large number of refractory substances and toxic and harmful drugs, which is difficult to be treated. The conventional treatment efficiency is low and it is difficult to meet the discharge standard. Therefore, effective pretreatment is needed to improve its biodegradability and reduce the load for subsequent biological treatment in order to ensure the standard discharge. Advanced oxidation process has broad application prospects because of its high efficiency, fast and thorough advantages, among which ozone oxidation has been widely concerned in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater. This paper mainly introduces the main technical forms of ozone oxidation pretreatment of industrial wastewater, and its advantages in industrial wastewater pretreatment: improving biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity, improve the efficiency of follow-up biochemical process, reduce the risk characteristics of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and properties of polyimide were briefly introduced, the research status of polyimide composites at home and abroad was reported. The preparation methods of polyimide composites including six methods, including in-situ polymerization, solution blending, electrospinning, deposition, sol-gel and surface ion exchange, were summarized, and their photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and photocatalytic degradation were studied. The development trend of accelerating the degradation of organic pollutants by constructing Z-type heterojunction in polyimide composites was prospected, and its application prospect in the treatment of air pollution, soil pollution and most water pollution was further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different amounts（1%,5%,10%） of sludge and sludge-derived biochar （SDBC） were added to the Cu and Cd compound contaminated soil to study the feasibility of using them as passivation agent. Then the transformation of morphology distribution of Cu and Cd in soil were compared and analyzed. The results showed that sludge and SDBC increased the content of heavy metals in soil while reduced the acid extractable state and reducible state contents of heavy metals and increased the oxidized state and residue state contents to different degrees from the respect of morphological transformation, which reduced the mobility and bioavailability of Cu and Cd. The ratios of 5% and 10% were the optimal amount of addition of sludge and SDBC, respectively. The acid extractable state of Cu in the 5% sludge treatment group decreased by 26.80%,while the residue state increased by 60.39%.With the treatment group of the 10% SDBC, there was a reduce of 77.21% for the reducible state and an increase of 175.52% for the oxidized state. As for Cd, the residue state proportion was increased by 25.49% with the 5% sludge treatment while the proportion of oxidized state was increased by 153.17% with the 10% SDBC. Sludge and SDBC can be used for the remediation of Cu and Cd contaminated soil, and the effect of 10%SDBC is better than 5% sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics of voriconazole plasma trough concentration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) complicated with fungal infection, analyze the influencing factors of voriconazole trough concentration, and evaluate the medication safety. METHODS : General data, biochemical indicators, renal function, drug combination and adverse events of patients with AIDS complicated with fungal infection treated with voriconazole in this hospital from Jul. 2019 to Apr. 2021 were retrospectively collected. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the steady-state trough concentration during drug administration, and statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 25. 0 software . RESULTS: A total of 112 patients with AIDS complicated with fungal infection were included in this study. The initial median voriconazole trough concentration was 3. 4 µg/mL (from 1. 8 µg/mL to 5. 8 µg/mL), and 43 patients were not within the treatment window ( from 0. 5 µg/mL to 5. 0 µg/mL) . After adjusting the dose for 40 patients whose trough concentration was not within the treatment window ( the remaining 3 patients were discontinued ), the number of patients with appropriate concentration increased from 61. 6% ( 69/112) to 87. 5% ( 35/ 40) . Analysis of influencing factors showed that aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ), aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase ( AST/ ALT), albumin levels and drug combination of proton pump inhibitors had significant effects on voriconazole trough concentration(P

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of compound Kushen injection on proliferation and apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells in multiple myeloma. METHODS: RPMI8226 cells in multiple myeloma was subcultured in vitro. The effects of different concentrations of compound Kushen injection on cell proliferation were detected by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of interleukin-6( IL-6 ) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compound Kushen injection of 0. 5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells in multiple myeloma in a time and dose dependent manner. Compound Kushen injection of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL could significantly promote cell apoptosis and block cell cycle in G1 phase. The expression of IL-6 decreased significantly after the treatment of compound Kushen injection. CONCLUSIONS: Compound Kushen injection can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IL-6 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential active ingredients and possible mechanism of Renshen Guben oral liquid in the treatment of breast cancer by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology . METHODS: The active ingredients and potential targets in Renshen Guben oral liquid were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, BATMAN-TCM and other databases. Related disease targets of breast cancer were obtained from databases such as Human Mendelian Inheritance Omnibus and DigSee. The intersection targets of potential targets and related disease targets were imported into the STRING website for protein - protein interaction analysis, and the obtained data were imported into Cytoscape 3. 8. 2 software for module analysis by using the MCODE plug-in. And the representative targets were screened for gene ontology functional enrichment analysis (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analysis by Metascape and other software. Cytoscape 3. 8. 2 software was used to construct "compound-target" " traditional Chinese medicine compound-target-pathway" and other networks. The core target was extracted for molecular docking with corresponding compounds. RESULTS: 448 common targets of Renshen Guben oral liquid and breast cancer were screened. The key targets included SRC, STAT3, HSP90AA1, PIK3Rl, Aktl, EGFR and ESRl. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the treatment of breast cancer by Renshen Guben oral liquid was mainly related to biological processes such as cellular response to nitrogen compound, cellular response to organic cyclic compound and MAPK cascade. Molecular docking results showed that the minimum binding energy between the core target and the corresponding compounds was <-20 929. 26 J/mol. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of Renshen Guben oral liquid in the treatment of breast cancer may be closely related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, SRC, HSP90AA1, PIK3Rl, Aktl, EGFR and ESRl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutral protease, pectinase and amylase were used to treat the tobacco flake concentrate from Guizhou raw materials and the effects of different enzyme treatments on the conventional chemical components and fragrance components in the concentrate of the treated samples were analyzed. The concentrated solution after enzyme treatment was coated on the tobacco sheet substrate and the sensory quality of tobacco sheet was evaluated. The results showed that the mass fractions of protein, reducing sugars, total sugars and amino acids in the concentrated solution treated with neutral protease were greatly reduced; 10 new fragrance ingredients including 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione and β-ionone were found in the concentrated treated solution. The total content of aroma components in the concentrate had been increased from 0.907 mg/mL to 2.844 mg/mL, with an increase of 213.56%. There was no significant change in the conventional chemical components and flavor components in the concentrates treated with pectinase and amylase. Tobacco flakes coated with the concentrated solution treated with neutral protease were better than amylase group, pectinase group and blank group in terms of aroma, harmony, irritation and aftertaste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on the real medical data in primary hospitals, so as to provide references for rational application of Chinese and western medicine in primary hospitals. METHODS: Totally 90 064 outpatient prescriptions in the hospital information system from 12 primary hospitals from 2019 to 2020 in Yanqing District, Beijing were selected, information related to patients with cardiovascular diseases in 33 234 prescriptions for cardiovascular disease and 9 649 prescriptions for combination application of Chinese and western medicine were extracted. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on general information and disease conditions of patients with cardiovascular diseases, frequency analysis was used to explore the combined application of Chinese and western medicine in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and Apriori association rule algorithm was adopted to analyze the pattern of combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine in primary hospitals. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2020, outpatient prescnptlons for cardiovascular diseases accounted for 36. 90% of the total outpatient prescriptions in 12 primary community hospitals in Y anqing District, Beijing. Among the 33 234 outpatient prescriptions for cardiovascular disease, prescriptions for combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine accounted for 29. 03% ; prescriptions for patients >45 years accounted for 96. 56% ( 9 317 prescriptions) ; prescriptions for female patients ( 4 956 prescriptions, 51. 36%) was more than male patients ( 4 693 prescriptions, 48. 64%) ; prescriptions for patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia accounted for 71. 59% ( 6 908 prescriptions), of which the prescription for hypertension was the most, totally 3 874 prescriptions, accounting for 40. 15%. Among the prescriptions for combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine, the number of categories of traditional Chinese and western medicine were respectively 312 and 223, the categories of traditional Chinese medicine with high use rate included traditional Chinese topical ointment, Ganmao Qingre granules, Fufang Danshen preparation ( tablets and dropping pill), Huoxiang Zhengqi preparation ( oral liquid and soft capsule) and Niuhuang Qingxin pill, and that of western medicine included aspirin, amlodipine, nifedipine and atorvastatin; the categories of combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine mainly involved combination among anti-hypertensive drugs, antiplatelet drugs, lipid-regulating drugs and blood-regulating recipe, tonic prescription and diaphoretic recipes; results of the association analysis showed that among the drugs with high confidence in the combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine, western medicine were relatively unchanged, including aspirin, nifedipine and amlodipine, while there were more categories of traditional Chinese medicine, including Xuesaitong preparation ( tablets, soft capsules, capsules and injections), Maixuekang capsule, N aoxintong capsule, Tongxinluo capsule, Shexiang Baoxin pills and Yinxing preparation ( drop pills, tablets, capsules and injections) ; in terms of combined application of western medicine, the confidence coefficient of statins and aspirin was higher; in terms of the combined application of traditional Chinese medicine, the confidence coefficient of Jinkui Shenqi pill and Wuling capsule, Xuesaitong preparation (tablets, soft capsules, capsules and injections) and Fufang Danshen preparation ( tablets and dropping pill), Biqi capsules and Dahuoluo preparation ( pills and capsules ) were higher. CONCLUSIONS: In the real world, primary hospitals have the phenomenon of more patients with cardiovascular diseases, more prescriptions for combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine and more varieties of combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine, the combined application of traditional Chinese and western medicine is quite common, so that primary clinicians should pay attention to the benefits and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of phenol wastewater by ultrasound synergistic potassium ferrate was compared with that by potassium ferrate alone. The results showed that the effect of ultrasound synergistic potassium ferrate oxidation degradation of phenol wastewater was better than that of single potassium ferrate method. Under the same dosage of potassium ferrate, the phenol removal rate was more than 30%,and the compatibility of ultrasound synergistic potassium ferrate to the pH value of wastewater solution was high, in the range of pH value 6～9,the phenol removal rate reached more than 86%.Under the condition that the ultrasound synergistic potassium ferrate oxidation treatment for the phenol wastewater the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: when the dosage of potassium ferrate was 1.0 g/L, the pH value of wastewater solution was 8,the reaction time was 50 min, and the phenol removal rate was 89.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy and safety of sacubitril valsartan in the treatment of heart failure induced by ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: Totally 124 patients with heart failure admitted into Jiangsu Province Hospital from Mar. 2018 to Mar. 2020 were selected and divided into ICM group (n =59) and DCM group (n = 65) according to the causes of heart failure. Both groups were given conventional anti-heart failure drugs combined with sacubitril valsartan orally for continuous 12 months. The blood pressure, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptidogen ( NT-proBNP ), serum creatinine ( Cr ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum potassium ion concentration, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) levels before and after 6 and 12 months of treatment were observed in both groups. The 6 min walk distance (6MWT), Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire ( mlHFQ) scores before and after 12 months of treatment were observed in both groups, and the incidences of adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The differences in NT-proBNP, Cr, ALT and AST levels, and serum potassium ion concentration between two groups after 6 and 12 months of treatment were not statistically significant (P>0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the NT-proBNP and LVEDD levels were significantly decreased and the LVEF levels were significantly increased in both groups after 6 months and 12 months of treatment, with statistically significant differeces (P<0. 05). The LVEF level was significantly higher and the LVEDD level was significantly lower in the ICM group than in the DCM group after 12 months of treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The 6MWT was significantly longer and the mlHFQ scores was significantly lower in both groups after 12 months of treatment, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those of before treatment (P<0. 05); while the 6MWT of the ICM group was significantly longer than that of the DCM group after 12 months of treatment, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P <0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions of the ICM group was 5. 08% (3/59), and that of the DCM group was 6. 15% (4/65), the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril valsartan can improve cardiac function and life quality in patients with heart failure induced by dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy, and inhibit the ventricular remodeling; the improvement effect of sacubitril valsartan in patients with heart failure induced by ischemic cardiomyopathy is better than that of heart failure induced by dilated cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]