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Objective To investigate the effect of PLGA-PEG scaffold incorporating angiopoietin 1(Ang1) loaded nanoparticle that was injected into the infarcted area of rat heart to protect the heart from infarction and explore potential mechanisms. Methods Rat models of myocardial infarction were replicated,and one week later SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Ang1-PLGA-PEG injection group [injected with 100 μL nanoparticle suspension, about (1.61±0.05)μg Ang1](n=9),Ang1 injection group[injected with PBS solution of angiopoietin1(100 μL, 25 ng/μL)](n=8),the model control group(injected with 100 μL PBS solution)(n=8). Four weeks after injection,cardiac function was examined by echocardiography,scar tissue hyperplasia was measured by Masson staining, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and angiogenesis were detected by immunofluorescence. Results In comparison with other two groups,Ang1-PLGA-PEG injection group showed an increased blood vessel density in the infarcted area and maturity(P＜0.05),which prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P＜0.05) The area of myocardial infarction was significantly decreased(P＜0.05), the remodeling of cardiomyopathy was reduced and these changes improved cardiac function (P＜0.05). Compared with the model control group, pure Ang1 injected into the surrounding area did not show curative effect (P＜0.05). Conclusions Injection of Ang1-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles into the infarcted area of left ventricle may promote vascular proliferation and facilitate the survival of cardiomyocytes,It provides an experimental basis for clinical application.

Carbon paper is one of the most commonly used materials for the gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and its performance is the premise to ensure the stable operation of the cell. In order to improve the structure and properties of carbon paper and make it better meet the performance requirements of fuel cell, this study was conducted to press different amounts of graphite plates in the carbonization process to control the applied pressure and analyze the microstructure evolution and mechanism of carbon paper under different pressure. In addition, the effects of applied pressure on the in-plane resistivity, pore size distribution, surface roughness and mechanical properties of carbon paper were also studied. The results show that applying pressure helps to restrain the cracking of resin carbon, reduce the generation of cracks and improve graphitization degree of carbon paper to a certain extent. Furthermore, with the increase of applied pressure, the surface roughness of carbon paper is reduced gradually, while the average and maximum apertures also decrease. When the applied pressure reaches 3600 Pa, compared with the samples without pressure, the in-plane resistivity of carbon paper decreases from 17.15 mΩ·cm to 12.79 mΩ·cm, the tensile strength and flexural strength are improved by 150% and 82.9% respectively.

Here, a novel aluminum-gallium-phosphate (GAHPO) metal-inorganic framework structure was prepared by hydrothermal method, and it was fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC). Single crystal X-ray diffraction results show that GAHPO is attributed to the trigonal system and Rc3 space group. Al(Ga) O6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedral structures is distorted to form one-dimensional chains, and then is stacked into three-dimensional metal-inorganic frameworks through hydrogen bonding. TG-DSC shows that GAHPO is of high thermal stability, with the initial decomposition temperature of 240 ²C. Compared with aluminum phosphate, the introduction of Ga3+ distorted the AlPO4 lattice, thus weakening and elongating the Al--O bond, which makes more acid catalytic sites exposed and enhanced the catalytic activity. The experiment shows that when the reaction temperature is 60 ²C, and the catalyst dosage is 10% of acetaldehyde, GAHPO could catalyze the condensation of acetaldehyde to produce butanolal with good conversion rate (47%) and excellent selectivity ( >99%). The reaction mechanism of acetaldehyde condensation catalyzed by GAHPO was investigated using scavengers, NH3-TPD and specially designed derivatives to confirm the reactive sites of the catalyst and the substrate. This work provides a feasible way for novel aluminum inorganic framework structures and the catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jarosite has high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, researchers usually use some methods to prepare jarosite and use it as an adsorption material, mainly used in a large number of mines and other industrial wastewater treatment and other fields. The results show that it has strong ad-sorption and coprecipitation for heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, etc., therefore, the formation mechanism of jarosite and the study of jarosite as adsorbent are reviewed, in order to provide some ideas for more scholars to study jarosite, and then make the best use of its adsorption performance, it also provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in mining areas and industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to investigate the distribution characteristics of mineral elements in different sesame tissues. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in different tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed a significant variation of mineral elements content in the different sesame tissues. The highest average Ca content was in leaves (2151.61 mg/100g), followed by 20 d seeds (984.18 mg/100g). Mg was predominant in leaves and 20 d seeds with an average content of 390.23 mg/100g and 300.01 mg/100g, respectively. The content of Fe in leaves was the highest, with an average of 19.98mg/100g. The Cu and Zn contents were the lowest in different tissues, both less than 5.00 mg/100g, and the highest Cu content in leaves. In mature seeds, Ca and Mg contents were the highest, with an average of 1133.64 mg/ 100g and 382.85 mg/100g, respectively. Regarding seed coat color, brown sesame seeds exhibited the highest Ca, Mg, and Cu contents with average values of 1342.68 mg/100g, 445.95 mg/100g and 2.38 mg/100g, respectively. Black and light brown sesame seeds exhibited the highest content of Fe (11.77 mg/100g) and Zn (7.70 mg/100g), respectively. We observed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between the contents of Ca and Mg in both the different tissues and colored seeds. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between Cu, Ca, and Mg contents in the different tissues and between Zn and Fe contents in mature seeds. Our findings may provide theoretical and technical guidance for sesame comprehensive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensile fracture test and constant load tensile fatigue test were carried out on three different types of mesh fabrics, including knotted netting, warp-knitted knotless netting and braided knotless netting, to compare and analyze the mechanical properties of mesh fabrics produced by different processes. The results show that the tensile fracture of all three fabrics occurs at the connection between netting knots and legs, which is more likely to cause stress concentration. In the tensile fracture test: braided knotless netting has the highest fracture tensile, followed by knotted netting and warp-knitted knotless netting; warp-knitted knotless netting has the highest rate of increase in knot strength, followed by braided knotless netting and knotted netting; the descending order of break elongation is warp-knitted knotless netting, braided knotless netting and knotted netting, indicating that warp-knitted knotless netting has the best elongation. In the tensile fatigue test, the warp-knitted knotless netting has the highest irrecoverable strain energy coefficient, the highest energy consumption and the worst fatigue resistance, while the fatigue resistance of braided knotless netting and knotted netting is better. The study results can provide a basis for users to choose the right type of mesh fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Posterior decompression and pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion is a method for the treatment of cervical vertebral degenerative lesions. There are few reports on the measurement of strain electricity in simulating C5/6 intervertebral disc fusion after pedicle screw removal. OBJECTIVE: To analyze stress and strain immediately after C5/6discectomy, pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion. METHODS: Eighteen fresh pig cervical specimens were randomly divided into three groups: bone cage fusion group, PEEK fusion group, and titanium mesh fusion group (n=6). Each group simulated C5/6 discectomy and pedicle screw fixation, and then different fusion cages were used for interbody fusion. Before and after fusion, the resistance strain gauges were attached under the vertebral body at the position of pedicle screw fixation, at the edge of vertebral body at the fusion position of fusion cage, at the edge of adjacent vertebral body. The strain values of each sample were measured under the compression state by static resistance strain gauge. The stress values at each measurement point before and after fusion in posterior fixation with pedicle screws for cervical vertebrae in each group were calculated by material mechanics formula. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the same load, the strain and stress of each measurement point in the titanium mesh fusion group ware smaller than those in the bone cage fusion group and the PEEK fusion group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (2) Under the same load, the strain and stress of each test point in the bone cage fusion group were larger than those in the PEEK fusion group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (3) These results confirm that simulated C5 discectomy in vitro, posterior pedicle screw fixation and implantation of different fusion cages have different changes of stress and strain. The selection of appropriate interbody fusion cage can reduce the effect of stress concentration on adjacent segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To coordinate the damping performance and energy regenerative performance of the energy-regenerative suspension and increase the energy recovery efficiency, an energy-regenerative suspension system with electro-magnetic hybrid actuator was put forward. The mathematical model of the energy-regenerative suspension with electro-magnetic hybrid actuator was established and verified by experiments. The power module circuit and the new mode switching control strategy were designed, and corresponding numerical simulation was carried out for comparison and analysis. The results show that the dynamic performances of energy-regenerative suspension drops by about 4%, while the energy recovery efficiency increases by 13.65%, which means that the energy recovery efficiency of the electro-magnetic hybrid energy-regenerative suspension can be effectively improved when the requirements of certain vehicle ride comfort are satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on analysis to the principles and indexes of similarity measure by set theory and set operation, the similarity measure to spectral vectors in hyperspectral RS image was transformed into the similarity measure to corresponding sets. Two approaches used to spectral similarity measure based on set theory were proposed, one is similarity measure by the area of spectral polygon, and the other is by locations of characterized bands. It proved that the approach based on spectral polygon can be used to similarity measure and image retrieval effectively because of its synthetic applications to albedo and wavelength information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach for lossless compression of still images based on fuzzy-combined adaptive prediction was proposed. In the phase of prediction preparation, a set of optimal autoregressive predictors is calculated adaptively based on a predetermined threshold. Then the predictors are trained by a neural network called FOSART. The predictors attained from procedure of training are incorporated in sense of fuzzy logic to implement the procedure of prediction. In the entropy coding phase, the context-based conditional adaptive arithmetic encoding is adopted in the proposed approach. The experiments demonstrate the characteristics make the approach achieve good tradeoff between computational complexity and efficiency of prediction and it has a good performance for lossless compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has an increasing incidence as aging advances. As the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution theory is of great significance in guiding PMOP prevention and treatment, studying the associated factors of yang-deficiency constitution, a common imbalanced constitution in PMOP patients, will contribute to the development of personalized treatment of PMOP. Objective To perform an analysis of the distribution of TCM constitution and associated factors of yang-deficiency constitution in PMOP patients in the community. Methods From November 2017 to July 2018, an interviewer-administered questionnaire survey for screening PMOP was conducted with a random sample of residents (45-80 years old) from 10 communities of Beijing's Chaoyang and Fengtai Districts. The general data collected include age, age at menopause, retirement status, types of job (mental, physical, or both) , educational level, monthly household income, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) , grip strength-weight index, history of fractures, history of falls, family history of osteoporosis, nighttime sleep duration, habits of eating leftovers, diet type (meat-based, plant-based, or meat-plant based) . TCM constitution was analyzed using the TCM Constitution Questionnaire. The associated factors of yang-deficiency constitution in PMOP cases were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results Four hundred and thirty-two cases were found with PMOP, four of them were excluded due to missing data of TCM constitution, and the other 428 cases were finally included. The residents with gentleness constitution numbered the most (n=175) . Among residents with biased constitution, those with yang-deficiency constitution numbered the most (n=107) . Through multivariate Logistic regression analysis, it was found that BMI

Objective To investigate the situation of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection in healthy people and analyze the related risk factors. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 661 healthy subjects who underwent carbon 13-urea breath test (13C-UBT)on January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2020 in affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. According to the infection status of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), the subjects were divided into H.pylori positive group and H.pylori negative group. H.pylori infection and platelet (PLT), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), T3, T4, TSH and pepsinogen Ⅰ (pepsinogen Ⅰ) were analyzed. PepsinogenⅠ, pepsinogen Ⅱ(pepsinogen), gastrin 17(G-17), homocysteine (Hcy), uric acid (UA) and total bilirubin (TBIL)were also examined. Results 1)The total number of positive infections: 4 382, the total positive rate: 41.10%, including 2 717 male positive cases with morbidity as 25.49%. There were 1 665 cases of positive infection in females, and the morbidity was 15.62%, which was lower than that in males (P＜0.05). 2)Compared with the negative group, the age of the positive group was slightly lower than that of the negative group (P＜0.05), and the HDL-C, pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ, Hcy and TBil were all lower than those of the negative group (P＜0.05). BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, FBG, pepsinogen Ⅰ, pepsinogen and G-17 in H.pylori positive group were all higher than those in negative group (P＜0.05). 3)DOB value was correlated with age, FBG, pepsinogen Ⅰ, pepsinogen, G-17, pepsinogen Ano/Cha and TBil (P＜0.001). 4) The parameters P＜0.05 were further included in binary Logistic regression analysis, and male, BMI, FBG, pepsinogen Ⅱ, pepsinogen branch/root were risk factors for H.pylori infection (P＜0.05). Conclusions H.pylori infection is more common in male population, BMI, FBG, pepsinogen Ⅱ, pepsinogen L/N are the risk factors for H.pylori infection. Early intervention of these risk factors is expected to reduce the infection of H.pylori and provide theoretical basis for the primary prevention of this gastrointestinal diseases.

Sediment samples were collected from nine sites of three sections, in the intertidal zone of Haizhou bay in July 2018. The abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the sediments (and ragworms within the sediments) were then determined to identify the source of microplastics in ragworms, and to explore the effects of ragworms on microplastics in sediment. The average abundance of microplastics in tidal flat sediments was (0.49±0.17) n·g -1 , which was at a high level in domestic offshore environmental studies. Among all the microplastics detected, the most common form and color were fiber and black-gray, respectively, and the materials were mainly polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), and polystyrene (PS). The detection rate of microplastics in ragworm was 77.78%-86.67%, with an average abundance of (6.68±2.21) n·ind -1 ; the abundance was significantly correlated with individual mass ( r =0.42, P =0.002). The microplastic abundance was significantly higher in ragworms with individual mass over 1.5 g than in those with a mass of<0.5 g or 0.5-1 g ( F 3 =141.029, P =0.000). In ragworms, microplastics were dominated by small black or blue fibers, and the main materials were PE and PET. By analyzing the various characteristics of microplastics with a particle size of 0-3 mm, it was found that the abundance of microplastics in sediments was strongly correlated with that in ragworms ( r =0.79, P =0.01); the main form ( r =0.90, P =0.035) and the material composition ( r =0.73, P =0.024) also showed significant correlation between sediments and ragworms. This indicates that ragworms ingest microplastics in the sedimentary environment and exchange the microplastics with the sediments. Therefore, ragworms can be used as an indicator species of microplastic pollution in sediments.

We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of planting broadleaf tree species (i.e., Cinnamomum camphora , Schima superba , and Quercus glauca ) and Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ) on soil carbon mineralization and microbial community structure. The rates of soil carbon mineralization were measured via alkali trapping method. The structural and functional diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time quantitative PCR techniques. The soil planted with Moso bamboo exhibited a significantly higher carbon mineralization rate and labile carbon content than those in the soils planted with broadleaf tree species. The underground biomass of Moso bamboo was higher than that of broadleaf tree species. The soil bacterial communities were more sensitive than fungal communities to the planting of different plant species . Moreover, soil fungal diversity of Moso bamboo was distinctly different from that of broadleaf tree species. Compared to the diversity of soil bacterial communities, the diversity of soil fungal communities was more closely related with soil pH, organic carbon content, and carbon mineralization. In comparison to the broadleaf tree species, the Moso bamboo planting could substantially increase soil organic carbon minera-lization, which was affected mainly by the soil fungal community structure.

Objective: To assess the effect of miR-137 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose and its mechanism., Methods: HUVECs cells were divided into low-glucose group (5.5 mmol/L glucose-treated cells), high-glucose group (33.36 mmol/L glucose-treated cells), anti-NC group (cells treated with 33.36 mmol/L glucose after anti-NC transfection) and anti-miR-137 group (cells treated with 33.36 mmol/L glucose after anti-miR-137 transfection). After 48 hours, qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-137. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis rate, respectively. The targeting relationship between miR-137 and AKT2 was validated by dual fluorescence reporter gene detection system and AKT2 protein expression after overexpression or inhibition of miR-137., Results: High glucose could significantly up-regulate the expression of miR-137 in HUVECs cells, and the expression of miR-137 in HUVECs cells transfected with miR-137 inhibitor was significantly decreased (P<0.05). High glucose can significantly inhibit HUVECs cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, while inhibition of miR-137 expression can weaken the effect of high glucose on HUVECs cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion (P<0.05). Inhibiting AKT2 expression could weaken the inhibitory effect of miR-137 inhibitor on HUVECs cell proliferation and apoptosis (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Inhibiting the expression of miR-137 gene can attenuate the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion of HUVECs induced by high glucose, and the mechanism is related to activating the expression of AKT2.

A 13-year-old boy was admitted due to intermittent abdominal pain for one year with massive ascites. The purified protein derivative (PPD) test after admission yielded positive results (3+), and ascites examination revealed a yellow color. There were 634×10 9 nucleated cells/L in the ascites, among which 82.2% were mononuclear cells and 17.8% were multinuclear cells. The Rivalta test yielded a positive result and revealed that the ascites was exudate, suggesting the possibility of tuberculosis infection. The symptoms were not relieved after isoniazid-rifampicin anti-tuberculosis therapy and symptomatic/supportive treatment. Plain CT scan of the abdomen and contrast-enhanced CT showed that the lesion was located at the left wall of the transverse colon, with uneven thickening of the peritoneum and heterogeneous enhancement. Colonoscopic biopsy found signet ring cells in the mucosa and immunohistochemical examination revealed Syn (-), CgA (-), CD56 (-), CK(pan) (+), CDX-2 (+), CK20 (+), Muc-1 (+) and Ki-67 (+, about 80%). PET-CT scan showed an abnormal increase in fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism, which was shown as a mass near the splenic flexure of the transverse colon, with a maximum standard uptake value of 9.9, indicating a highly active lesion; this was consistent with the metabolic changes of malignant tumors. Surgical operation was performed and intraoperative exploration revealed massive ascites, a hard mass located at the hepatic flexure of the colon, involvement of the serous coat and surrounding tissues, stenosis of the bowel, lymph node enlargement around the superior mesenteric vessels and the gastrocolic ligament, and multiple metastatic nodules in the greater omentum, the abdominal wall and the pelvic cavity. The results of postoperative pathology were consistent with those of colonoscopic biopsy, i.e., poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon and partly signet-ring cell carcinoma. Therefore, the boy was diagnosed with colon signet-ring cell carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis and tuberculosis infection. When a child is suffering from intractable abdominal pain, unexplained intestinal obstruction and massive intractable ascites, the possibility of malignancy should be considered. Abdominal plain CT scan as well as contrast-enhanced CT scan should be performed as early as possible, and enteroscopy should be performed when necessary.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm acupuncture combined with yoga posture method in the treatment of periarthritis with frozen period., Methods: Ninety patients with periarthritis who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a control group 1, a control group 2 and an observation group, 30 cases in each group. Warm acupuncture was applied in the control group 1 (Jianzhen (SI 9), Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), etc were selected), yoga posture method was applied in the control group 2, warm acupuncture combined with yoga posture method were given in the observation group, the treatment was given once a day, 10 times as a course with 2 days between courses and continuous for 2 courses. After 2 courses of treatment, the shoulder joint pain score and shoulder function grading were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and the clinical efficacy was observed., Results: ①The pain scores of the three groups were significantly lower after treatment (all P <0.01), and scores in the observation group was better than that in the control group 1 and the control group 2 ( P <0.05, P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the control group 1 and the control group 2 ( P >0.05). ②After treatment, the functional classification of shoulder joints were significantly improved in the three groups (all P <0.01), and the functional classification of shoulder joint in the observation group and the control group 2 were better than that in the control group 1 ( P <0.01, P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group 2 ( P >0.05). ③After 2 courses of treatment, the effective rate of the observation group was 86.7% (26/30), which was better than 70.0% (21/30) in the control group 1 and 76.7% (23/30) in the control group 2 (both P <0.05)., Conclusion: Warm acupuncture combined with yoga posture method can effectively relieve shoulder pain and improve dysfunction. The clinical comprehensive effect is better than simple acupuncture and yoga posture method.

Objective: To establish a mouse model of H435Y mutation of Gata4 gene using CRISPR/Cas9- mediated gene targeting., Methods: The single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) specific to the H435Y loci of Gata4 gene was designed based on the sequence of Gata4 gene. After activity assessment, the active sgRNA and Cas9 were in vitro transcribed into RNA and microinjected along with the donor DNA fragment with point mutations into fertilized mouse eggs. The microinjected eggs were transferred into pseudopregnant mice to obtain the F0 generation mice with the target Gata4 gene mutation confirmed by PCR and gene sequencing. Gata4 gene mutations in the offsprings of the F0 generation mice were analyzed., Results: Gene sequencing confirmed the successful establishment of mouse models carrying H435Y mutation of Gata4 gene in 4 of the F0 generation mice. The positive F0 generation mice were crossed with wild-type C57BL/6J mice to obtain the F1 generation mice, and PCR confirmed the presence of H435Y mutations of Gata4 gene in 6 of the F1 mice. Then F2 generation mice were obtained by F1 generation matting with each other. PCR showed that H435Y mutation of Gata4 gene in F2 mice was found, indicating the mousemodel of Gata4 gene mutation in H435Y was established and propagated successfully., Conclusions: We successfully established Gata4 gene H435Y mutant mouse models using CRISPR/Cas9 technique.

High-intensity sound often leads to the dysfunction and impairment of central nervous system (CNS), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the related mechanisms of CNS lesions in Bama miniature pig model treated with high-intensity sound. The pigs with normal hearing were divided into control and high-intensity sound (900 Hz-142 dB SPL, 15 min) groups. After the treatment, hippocampi were collected immediately. Fluo-4 was used to indicate intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) change. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of calcium-sensing receptor, L-Ca 2+ channel α2/δ1 subunit, PKC and PI3K, respectively. DAPI staining was used to identify nuclear features. The result showed that high-intensity sound exposure resulted in significantly swollen cell nucleus and increased [Ca 2+ ] i in hippocampal cells. Compared with control group, high-intensity sound group showed increased levels of PI3K, PKC and L-Ca 2+ channel α2/δ1 subunit mRNA expressions, as well as up-regulated PKC and calcium-sensing receptor protein expressions. These results suggest that the high-intensity sound activates PKC signaling pathway and induces calcium overload, eventually leads to hippocampal injury, which would supply a novel strategy to prevent nervous system from high-intensity sound-induced injury.

Objective: To investigate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on immune cells and inflammatory factors in septic rats., Methods: 184 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normal control group (n = 8), sham operation group (n = 48), sepsis model group (n = 64), and UC-MSCs treatment group (n = 64). An animal model of sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the UC-MSCs treatment group 1 mL UC-MSCs (2×10 6 /mL) were injected intraperitoneally at 1 hour after the model establishment; the sham operation group and the sepsis model group were given the same amount of saline. Sixteen animals in each group of the sham operation group, sepsis model group, and UC-MSCs treatment group were observed for 72-hour survival rate. The percentages of CD4 + T cells and the ratio of helper T cells 1/2 (Th1/Th2) in whole blood cells were measured by flow cytometry at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: The 72-hour survival rate of the UC-MSCs treatment group was slightly higher than that of the sepsis model group [62.5% (10/16) vs. 50.0% (8/16), χ 2 = 0.509, P > 0.05]. The percentage of CD4 + T cells and Th1/Th2 ratio in the sepsis model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group at 12 hours after operation, and decreased as the time prolonged to 48 hours. The levels of plasma inflammatory factors were significantly higher than those of sham operation group at 12 hours after operation, TNF-α and IL-10 were decreased at 48 hours after operation, while HMGB1 continued to increase until 72 hours after operation. Compared with those in the sepsis model group, the percentages of CD4 + T cells at 12 hours and 24 hours after operation [(49.66±0.91)% vs. (59.11±1.17)%, (41.80±0.89)% vs. (49.84±0.99)%], the levels of Th1/Th2 ratio at 12, 24, 48 hours after operation (0.745±0.065 vs. 1.254±0.115, 0.407±0.077 vs. 0.806±0.061, 0.280±0.057 vs. 0.454±0.049), and the levels of TNF-α and HMGB1 were significantly reduced at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation in the UC-MSCs treatment group [TNF-α (ng/L): 52.60±6.60 vs. 58.03±6.53, 71.77±8.48 vs. 147.39±11.37, 111.83±10.76 vs. 271.36±19.04, 83.09±7.43 vs. 171.04±14.06; HMGB1 (ng/L): 149.12±9.89 vs. 187.33±12.79, 192.94±14.92 vs. 442.35±52.72, 1 393.67±88.86 vs. 1 950.90±126.66, 1 875.84±111.67 vs. 2 557.12±186.01], all with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). The level of IL-10 was significantly higher at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation (ng/L: 65.46±5.51 vs. 33.32±4.17, 86.49±5.78 vs. 63.11±5.53, 142.73±9.94 vs. 106.81±6.36, 123.74±10.90 vs. 89.90±7.71, all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: UC-MSCs can make CD4 + T cells in early sepsis, and Th1/Th2 ratio to normal, by reducing the levels of proinflammatory factors, and increasing the level of anti-inflammatory factor, and improve sepsis immune function status, but cannot improve the survival rate of animals.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of intratracheal instillation of pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with budesonide for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants., Methods: Thirty VLBW infants with gestational age <32 weeks who developed neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (grade III-IV) suffering from intrauterine infection were randomly assigned into a PS + budesonide group and a PS alone group. The changes were compared between the two groups in arterial blood gas indexes, oxygenation index (OI), duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen supplementation, incidence of BPD, mortality rate at 36 weeks corrected gestational age and incidences of other complications except BPD., Results: Compared with the PS alone group, the PS+budesonide group had a lower incidence of BPD, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation (P<0.05). On the 2nd to 6th day after treatment, the PS+budesonide group had higher pH value of arterial blood gas and OI and lower carbon dioxide partial pressure compared with the PS alone group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the mortality rate at 36 weeks corrected gestational age and the incidences of other complications except BPD between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Intratracheal instillation of PS combined with budesonide can effectively reduce the incidence of BPD in VLBW premature infants with severe NRDS.

Objective: To explore the effect of strong noise on cognitive function and stress hormones, biochemical metabolism enzymes, neuropeptide etc in theserum of guinea pigs, and screen the sensitive bio-markers of noise-induced cognitive impairment., Methods: Twenty-four guinea pigs were randomly divided into the noise exposure group and the control group, after the white noise at 120 dB continuously exposed for 4 h. Using Morris water maze to detect the cognitive ability of guinea pigs, and using Elisa kits to detect the content of neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuropeptide P (NPP), neuroglobin (NGB), c-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ), aldosterone (ALD), oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (VAP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) in the serum of guinea pig. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluatethe sensitive indexes for the influence of cognitive function., Results: Morris water maze test indicated that the average escape latency of noise exposure group extended obviously, cross platform number and residence time in target quadrant were significantly reduced compared with control group( P <0.01). Elisa results showed that the content of the biochemical indexes above of noise exposure grouphad significant statistical difference except AngⅡ compared with control group( P <0.01), among them, the content of CORT, NPY, NE, NGB, NPP, CK changed obviously and contributed greatly to cognitive in turn., Conclusions: Strong noise at 120dB continuous exposure for 4 h caused a significant decline on cognitive function of guinea pigs, it might be related to the abnormal levels of the physiological and biochemical indexes in serum such as stress hormones, biochemical metabolism enzyme, neuropeptides, neuroglobin etc, and we preliminarily filtrated several sensitive index associated with noise-induced cognitive impairment, including CORT、NPY、NE、NGB、NPP and CK.

Objective: To investigate the safety and therapeutic effects of monosegment pedicle instrumentation in treating incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 inpatients with incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture (AO classification: A3.1 and A3.2) from April 2005 to January 2010. There were 28 cases were fixed with monosegment pedicle instrumentation (MSPI), 28 cases were fixed with short segment pedicle instrumentation (SSPI). The operative time, blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) and vertebral kyphotic angle (VK) before and after surgery were evaluated., Results: In the group of MSPI, the mean operative time was (93 ± 20) min; the intraoperative blood loss was (184 ± 64) ml; the VK angle was 17° ± 10° before operation, 7° ± 7° at one week after operation, and 10° ± 7° at latest follow-up; VAS score was 7.6 ± 1.5 before operation, 2.4 ± 0.8 at one week after operation, and 1.5 ± 0.9 at latest follow-up; no adjacent segment degeneration was found. In the group of SSPI, the operative time was (102 ± 30) min; the intraoperative blood loss was (203 ± 88) ml; the VK angle was 17° ± 9° before operation, 7° ± 7° at one week after operation, and 8° ± 5° at latest follow-up; VAS score was 6.8 ± 1.3 before operation, 3.1 ± 0.5 at one week after operation, and 1.2 ± 0.7 at latest follow-up. One case of adjacent segment degeneration was found in 36 months after operation. There were no significantly statistical differences between two groups in operative time, blood loss, VAS score and VK angle before and after surgery (P > 0.05). The VAS score and VK angle at one week after surgery and latest follow-up all decreased obviously than preoperative ones in both groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: MSPI for incomplete thoracolumbar burst fracture is effective and safe. The operative blood loss, the mean operative time, the improvement of VAS score and the VK angle in group MSPI are equal to those in group SSPI.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects between interspinous dynamic internal fixation with Coflex system and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in treating lumbar degenerative disease., Methods: From Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2010, 42 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were treated with interspinous dynamic internal fixation with Coflex system (non-fusion group, 21 cases) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (fusion group, 21 cases), including 19 males and 23 females with an average age of (46.5 +/- 8.5) years (range, 33 to 62 years). The range of course of disease was from 6 to 84 months with an average of 36 months. All pathological changes were single segment in L4.5 by X-ray films or CT scanning, among them, single lumbar disc herniation was in 14 cases,combined with lumbar spinal stenosis in 28 cases. The clinical effects of all patients were evaluated according to Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA, 29 points) and Oswestry disability index (ODI); range of motion (ROM) of lumbar segments were measured by X-ray films; operative time, intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay were compared between two groups., Results: All patients were followed up for 10 months at least. In non-fusion group, JOA increased from 13.8 +/- 3.7 preoperatively to 24.6 +/- 4.6 at final follow-up (P < 0.01); ODI decreased from 65.8 +/- 7.5 to 25.6 +/- 5.1 (P < 0.01), ROM improved from 4.2 +/- 0.7 to 5.3 +/- 0.6 at L4,5 (P < 0.01 ). In fusion group,JOA increased from 13.2 +/- 3.2 preoperatively to 24.5 +/-4.3 at final follow-up (P < 0.01); ODI decreased from 65.5 +/- 8.2 to 26.5 +/- 6.1 (P < 0.01); all ROM at L.4,5 had lose (decreased from 4.2 +/- 3.2 to 0). There were significant differences in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay between two groups (P < 0.01), in non-fusion group was respectively (71.2 +/- 12.8) min, (56.6 +/- 25.5) ml, (4.4 +/- 1.3) d and in fusion group was respectively (121.0 +/- 23.2) min, (135.8 +/- 19.8) ml, (12.6 +/- 2.4) d. No complications were found with the Coflex system., Conclusion: Interspinous dynamic internal fixation with Coflex system in treating lumbar degenerative disease is better than that of posterior lumbar interbody fusion in some aspects. Coflex system have high safety, less trauma, and can reserve lumbar mobility, which is effective in preventing adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration.

The oxidative stress effects and damage of nanoscale zinc oxide (nZnO), titanium dioxide (nTiO2) and their bulk counterparts (i.e., ZnO/bulk, TiO2/bulk) suspension on gill, intestine and liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied, as well as the characterization of nZnO, nTiO2 ZnO/bulk and TiO2/bulk and the amount of .OH in suspension in the presence of light were studied. The results show that the size distribution of nanoparticle and bulky particle are similar in suspension, while the amount of SOH in 50 mg/L nTiO2, nZnO suspension are 2.17 mmol/L, 0.72 mmol/L respectively in the presence of 96 h illumination, which is much higher than that of 50 mg/L bulky particle suspension (not detected). As exposed to 50 mg/L nTiO2 suspension, in contrast to control, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl content in liver tissue of zebrafish are 70.2%, 65.4%, 53%, 178.1% respectively, and the SOD activity and GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in digestive tract are 149.6%, 212.9% and 217.2% respectively. The MDA content in gill is 160.9% than that of control as exposed to 50 mg/L nTiO2 suspension. However, there are no toxic effects on zebrafish after 96 h exposure to 50 mg/L TiO2/bulk suspension. The strongest oxidative damage is found in liver tissue of zebrafish as exposed to 5 mg/L nZnO and ZnO/bulk suspension for 96 h. In contrast to control, the SOD, CAT activity and GSH, MDA content are 62.9%, 53.1%, 45.2% and 204.2% after 96 h exposure to 5 mg/L nZnO suspension, and 48.3%, 51.8%, 34.6%, 289.6% after 96 h exposure to 5 mg/L ZnO/bulk suspension. Significant oxidative stress is also found both in gill and intestine. However, there is no oxidative damage on gill and intestine. The experiment results indicated that the effects of agglomeration on nanoparticle of different chemical composition are various. The oxidative stress and damages induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which generated through different way by nanoparticle of different chemical composition might play a role in the bio-toxicity of nanoparticle.

Objective: To evaluate the academic level and influence of "Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology" through statistical analysis for the fund sponsored articles published in the recent ten years., Methods: The articles of "Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology" from 1999 to 2008 were investigated. The number and the percentage of the fund sponsored articles, the fund organization and the author region were quantitatively analyzed by using the literature metrology method., Results: The number of the fund sponsored articles increased unceasingly. The ratio of the fund from local government significantly enhanced in the latter five years. Most of the articles were from institutes located at Beijing, Zhejiang and Tianjin., Conclusion: "Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology" has a fine academic level and social influence.

Objective: To study the feasibility of application of ilium inner table to repair the articular surface defects of tibial plateau complex fractures., Methods: Twenty-three patients with tibial plateau complex fractures included 17 males and 6 females with an average age of 28.3 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years. The area of the articular surface defects ranged from 1 cmx2 cm to 3 cmx3 cm, averaged 6.7 cm2. Taking ilium inner table with periosteum after trimmed and implanting into the articular surface defect area with the concavity upward and drilled with diameter 1.5 mm Kirschner pin interval 3 to 4 mm. Bone grafting were placed under the ilium inner table and were fixed by T-shaped or L-shaped plate. The wounded limb were braked by plaster for 4 weeks after operation., Results: Twenty-three patients were followed-up for 8 months to 3 years, averaged 13.6 months. X-ray film showed solid union and the smooth articular surface in all cases. According to the Rasmussen evaluation system, the results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 8 cases,fair in 3 cases, poor in 1 case., Conclusion: Taking ilium inner table to repair the articular surface defects of tibial plateau complex fractures is a good resolving measures. It can repaire major area of articular surface defects, restore the smooth articular surface and acquire good function of knee joint with easy to operate, less complications at donor area.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the immunosuppressant Tacrolimus (FK506) on the osteoblastic differentiation and in vivo osteogenic inducement of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)., Methods: MSCs were derived from Fischer 344 rats. Some MSCs were cultured with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsAP) and beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP) or FK506 plus AsAP and beta-GP. The alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity and calcium deposition were detected 4, 8, 12, and 16 days after the culture. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the calcified nodules. Northern blotting was used to detect the mRNA expression of osteocalcium. Multiparous beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) ceramic cubes were dipped into 2 kinds of suspension of MSCs, treated by FK506 + AsAP + beta-GP or AsAP + beta-GP, so as to produce 48 pieces of MSCs/beta-TCP complex that were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to be cultured with AsAP + beta-GP or AsAP + beta-GP + FK506 for 4 weeks. The these pieces were transplanted into the subcutaneous sites of the rats' backs and were taken out 4 and 8 weeks later respectively for histological examination., Results: In vitro assays showed that the APase activity, calcium deposition, expression of osteocalcin mRNA of the FK506 + AsAP + beta-GP group at any time points were all significantly higher than those of the AsAP + beta-GP group (all P < 0.05). SEM showed that since the 16th day after culture calcified nodules began to be seen in the FK506 + AsAP + beta-GP group. Since the 4th weeks after transplantation remarkable new bone formation could be seen in the FK506 treated MSCs/beta-TCP complexes in comparison with those MSCs/beta-TCP complexes without treatment with FK506., Conclusion: Greatly enhancing the in vitro osteoblastic differentiation and in vivo osteogenesis of MSCs, FK506 has a potential value as a bone growth factor and may improve the clinical result of bone transplantation used to treat large bone defect. The results of this experiment also contributes to a better understanding on the mechanism of immunosuppressants.

Profiles of nutrients (i.e., NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO4(3-), and SiO3(2-)) in porewater of sediment were investigated monthly in the intertidal flat of Chongming Dongtan in Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary during March 2005 to February 2006. The results indicate that concentrations of NH4+ and SiO3(2-) in porewater are always in the range of 200 micromol/L to 500 micromol/L and show different patterns of distribution profile among high, middle, and low marshes. Compared to high and middle marsh, low marsh, without vegetation coverage and of coarser grain size, generally contains higher NH4+ and lower SiO3(21) concentrations. SiO3(2-) concentrations are predominantly determined by seasonal temperature change, but variations of NH4+ are more complicated and prone to exhibit lower values in spring and summer when the vegetation above show relatively high growth rate. Concentrations of NO2- + NO3- and PO4(3-) in porewater are commonly much lower than NH4+ and SiO3(2-) by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, however, due to factors such as bioturbation, the concentrations in top sediment may be higher than 10 micromol/L. The relatively high NO3- concentration in top sediment,together with the rapid transfer from oxygenic to anoxic environment, make it possible that significant denitrification happens, which may draw its remarkable influence on the biogeochemical cycles of nutrient elements in the land-sea interaction area in Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary.

Vertical distributions of species of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of three sampling sites in Lake Donghu were examined and analyzed. pH was combined to be studied at the same time. The results showed that the pH values in sediments were lower than those in overlying water and decreased with depth. The highest concentration of TN and TP occurred in Station 1, where suffered from heavy domestic sewerage. The lowest concentration of TP and TN presented to Station 2, which is located at the center of Lake Donghu. The concentrations of dissolved ammoniac nitrogen (DAN) and dissolved nitrate nitrogen (DNN) of station 1 were higher than the other stations. In recent years, along with the pollution treatment measures, the concentration of TN and TP in station 1 presented a trend of decline. However, the concentration of TN and TP ascends very fast in station 3 and it has been as high as station 1 on the surface sediments. Although phosphorus is the most restricting nutritious element all the same, the concentration of TN descended greatly in the last two decades because of the combined effect of nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removing bacteria. As a result, the N/P ratio is only about 3.

Oriented to the demands of vast RS information management for RS image retrieval, the applications of spectral features are discussed by taking hyperspectral RS image as an example. It is proposed that spectral features-based retrieval includes two modes: retrieval based on point mask an dpolygon mask. The most key issues in retrieval are spectral features extraction andsimilarity measure. The spectral vector can be used to retrieval directly, and the spectral angle and spectral information divergence (SID) are effective in similarity measure. The local maximum and minimum in reflectance spectral curve, corresponding to reflectance apex and absorption apex, can be used to retrieval also, but effective matching strategy should be adopted. The quantitative indexes for spectral curves such as moment, fractal and entropy are not suitable to retrieval because of poor similarity measure performance.

Based on the analysis of the error sources for spectral anglemapping (SAM), several key elements are pointed out, i.e. the change of wave band location, the change of the attribution ratio, the random change of attribution, and the whole translation of wave band. After the above-mentioned four error sources are analyzed, the authors present several improvement algorithms, viz. calculating the spectral angle with grouping, normalization and intersection. The grouping method can resolve the pseudo-similar problem, because it considers both spectral global features and local features. Calculating spectral angle with normalization restrains those random errors in original data by normalizing the spectral vectors. The intersection method can eliminate the error elicited by the whole wave translation. Therefore, it can be employed to correctly identify spectral class. Experiments show that those improvement algorithms are effective and can be used to process spectral data with errors.

Objective: To detect the differential display of mRNA expression between human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2L2 with reduced malignancy caused by transduction of a DNA antisense to 6A8 alpha-mannosidase cDNA (AS cell) and the wild type cell (W cell)., Methods: Differential display of mRNA expression was analyzed using DNA microarray analysis. The datasets were confirmed by Northern blotting and RT-PCR., Results: Out of the 1069 genes analyzed, 34 genes were up-regulated in AS cells relative to W cells. Conversely, 42 genes were down-regulated. The genes, up-regulation of which might have suppressive effect on tumor malignant behaviors, were P130 mRNA for 130K protein, TGF-betaIIR alpha, GABBR1, TGFBR1, TNFAIP1, STANIN, E-CADHERIN, CTNNA1 and 2, RFX2, TMPO, etc. The genes, down-regulation of which might have suppressive effect on tumor malignant behaviors, were CD44, NDRG1, TGFB1, RPS5, LEGUMAIIN, CBS, CD59, SNRPA1, etc. The microarray datasets were confirmed by Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis., Conclusions: In comparison to the W cell, AS cell has up-regulation of 34 genes and down-regulation of 42 genes. Changes of the gene expression may play a role in the malignancy reduction of AS cell.

A novel method for spectral similarity measure, which is called nonlinear spectral angle mapper, is presented. In this method, on one hand, nonlinear transformation and removing high relativity among bands are used through kernel PCA; on the other hand, the feature of both spectral reflection and absorption are combined in transformed space. At last, spectral angle mapper is used to measure spectral similarity. The authors' experiments show that this method is effective in spectral similarity retrieval.

The quality of eutrophic waters was improved by the algae-bacterium biofilm, which covered over the artificial aquatic mat made from a kind of mend macromolecule material. Two series of experiments show that using the artificial aquatic mat technique, algae bloom was inhibited markedly. At the eleventh day, the transparency was increased from 6 cm to 62 cm; and the concentrations of COD(Mn), TP, TN and NH4(+) -N were decreased to 92.89%, 49.25% , 94.97% and 70.15% respectively. The DO concentration also kept in certain satisfied level for using the algae-bacterium biofilm method. The suitable and economical density was about 8 - 16 bunchs/m(2) when the ratio of the artificial aquatic mat length to water depth was 0.7.

Objective: To study the effect of inhibition of 6A8 alpha-mannosidase expression on adhesiveness among and E-cadherin expression on CNE-2L2 cells, and on metastasis of the tumors from the cells inoculated in nude mice., Methods: Anchorage-independent adhesion among cells was examined in soft agar culture. E-cadherin expression was studied by immunofluorescence staining, immunohistological staining and RT-PCR. CNE-2L2 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. Eight weeks later tumor metastasis was demonstrated by means of histological examination of lung sections., Results: CNE-2L2 cells with suppression of 6A8 alpha-mannosidase expression (AS) became aggregated. E-cadherin expression on wild type cells was very weak. In contrast, it was greatly enhanced on AS cells. The enhancement was detected on both protein and mRNA levels. Lung metastasis of the tumor from inoculated AS cells were heavily inhibited in nude mice., Conclusion: Inhibition of 6A8 alpha-mannosidase expression results in enhancement of cell-cell adhesion and of E-cadherin expression on CNE-2L2 cells. Lung metastasis of the tumor grown from AS cell inoculate in nude mice is heavily suppressed.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of 6A8 alpha-manosidase expression on the adhesiveness of CNE-2L2 cells to laminin and the lamellipodia on cell surface., Methods: 6A8 alpha-manosidase expression was detected by Western blotting. For assaying the adhesion of cells to laminin, cells were incubated in laminin-coated plate at 37 degrees C for 1 h, the adhered cells were stained with crystal purple dissolved in 0.1 mol/L Sodium Citrate/50% ethanol. Absorbance 540 nm was measured. Adhesion rate (R) was calculated according to formula R = AT/A100 x 100%. Here A100 represents 100% adhesion. lamellipodia on cell surface was observed upon a scanning electron microscopy., Results: The adhesion rate of two clones (AS1 and AS2) with inhibition of 6A8 alpha-manosidase expression to laminin was 0.447 +/- 0.096 and 0.533 +/- 0.065 respectively. The adhesion rate of three controls with normal expression of 6A8 alpha-manosidase to laminin was 0.78 +/- 0.035, 0.7 +/- 0.05 and 0.80 +/- 0.04 respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). CNE-2L2 cells with normal expression of 6A8 alpha-manosidase was rich in lamellipodia on their surface. Lamellipodia nearly disappeared on the cells with inhibition of 6A8 alpha-manosidase expression., Conclusions: Inhibition of 6A8 alpha-manosidase expression results in decrease of adhesion to laminin and reduction of lamellipodia of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2L2.

Objective: To study the effect of N-glycosylation on the modification of microvilli on the surface of rat liver epithelial cell WB-F344 and the growth of the cells in culture., Methods: Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expression vector pAGX (+) containing an antisense or a sense fragment of 6A8 cDNA encoding a human alpha-mannosidase was constructed. The recombinant vectors or the mock were transfected into WB-F344 cells by means of lipofectAmine. The transfected cells were selected in G418 medium and cloned by means of limiting dilution. Integration of the transfected DNA into host DNA was detected by neo PCR. Rat liver ER alpha-mannosidase activity in cell supernatant was measured by using P-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside as a substrate. Microvilli on cell surface were observed upon a scan electron microscope. The growth curves of the cells in culture were drawn., Results: The cell clones transfected with antisense 6A8 showed reduction of ER alpha-mannosidase activity with various degrees. Clone AS1 and AS2 cell showed a pronounced reduction of the enzymatic activity. In the study on AS1 cells, Con A binding to the cells was found to be enhanced, cell growth in culture became slow from day 5. The microvilli on the cells were reduced and blunted., Conclusions: Transfection with antisense 6A8 resulted in reduction and blunting of microvilli on the surface of growing WB-F344 cells, which might be related to N-glycosylation modification.