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Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Vitamin D levels were detected in 34 patients with PCOS and 30 healthy women, and the correlation analysis was performed. Vitamin D deficiency mouse model and PCOS mouse model were constructed and divided into four groups: control group (CTR group), PCOS group, vitamin D deficiency group (VD- group), and vitamin D deficiency combined with PCOS group (VD-+ PCOS group). Estrous cycle and ovary morphological changes were observed. Serum sex hormone indexes and glucose lipid metabolism indexes were detected. Real⁃time quantitative PCR (RT⁃qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of hormone synthase and sex hormone receptor in ovarian tissues. Results: The levels of serum 25⁃ hydroxyvitamin D［25 (OH) D］in PCOS women were significantly lower than those in normal healthy women［ (16.49 ± 6.50) ng/mL vs. (20.08 ± 5.28) ng/mL, P=0.019]. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TT), LH/FSH ratio and free androgen index (FAI) in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were significantly lower than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D levels of the total sample population were negatively correlated with LH (r=-0.271, P<0.05), LH/FSH ratio (r=-0.314, P<0.05), TT (r=-0.276, P<0.05), prolactin (PRL) (r=-0.274, P<0.05) and FAI (r=-0.312, P<0.05) respectively, and serum 25 (OH) D levels in PCOS patients were negatively correlated with PRL (r=-0.404, P<0.05). Vitamin D deficiency stalled the estrous cycle in mice. Compared with the CTR group, the serum LH levels of mice in other three groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the CTR group, the mRNA level of androgen receptor (AR) in ovarian tissues of mice in VD-group was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency existed in patients with PCOS. There was a negative correlation between serum 25 (OH) D and PRL in PCOS patients. Vitamin D deficiency disturbs normal estrous cycle and affects sex hormone levels in mice. Vitamin D deficiency may participate in the occurrence of PCOS by regulating the expression of sex hormone receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroudBeta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate are widely used for the prevention and control of pests in the greenhouse planting industry, and their combined exposure may increase the accumulation of beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate in organisms and affect human health. ObjectiveBased on the changes in reproductive hormone levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, to investigate the effect of combined exposure to beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate on the estrous cycle of female mice. MethodsTwenty-four healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a beta-cypermethrin group (Beta-CYP, 53 mg·m−3), an emamectin benzoate group (EMB, 8 mg·m−3), and a beta-cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate combined exposure group (Beta-CYP+EMB, Beta-CYP 53 mg·m−3 + EMB 8 mg·m−3). Six rats in each group were exposed to the designed treatment protocol by aerosol inhalation 6 d a week for 13 weeks. The general condition of the rats was observed in real time during the treatment. From the 12th week of exposure, a 10-day reproductive tract smear was performed on the rats to observe the estrous cycle. The rats were neutralized on the second day after the end of the treatment protocol, and the ovarian tissues were stained with HE to observe histopathological changes. Serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) were measured by ELISA. Experimental results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (\begin{document}$ \overline{x}\pm s $\end{document}). One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, and LSD test for pairwise comparison between groups. The significance level was α=0.05. ResultsAfter four weeks of the treatment protocol, the rats in the Beta-CYP group and the Beta-CYP+EMB group continued to be hyperactive and irritable, while the EMB group showed symptoms of mental disorder, decreased activity, and slow response. On the 90th day of the treatment protocol, the body weight of rats in the control group increased to (314.51±2.44) g, and that in the Beta-CYP+EMB group only increased to (253.47±1.50) g. There was no abnormal cellular morphology in the control group; however, small deeply stained nuclei appeared in the Beta-CYP group, the EMB group, and the Beta-CYP+EMB group, and abnormal morphological development of keratinized epithelial cells in the Beta-CYP+EMB group was found. The estrous cycle of rats in the control group was (97.83±4.17) h, and compared with the control group, the estrous cycles of rats in the Beta-CYP group, the EMB group, and the Beta-CYP+EMB group were prolonged to (134.33±7.53) h, (126.50±5.28) h, and (156.00±6.66) h, respectively. The results of ANOVA showed that the numbers of leukocytes (527.17±15.83), keratinized epithelial cells (35.67±4.32), and non-keratinized epithelial cells (70.50±4.51) in the vaginal smears during diestrus in the Beta-CYP+EMB group were significantly lower than those in the control group (752.50±28.89, 50.50±2.74, 101.33±7.92) (P

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxic exposure on estrous cycle in female rats. Methods Healthy female SD rats were randomized after 5 d of adaptive feeding into normal control group maintained in routine conditions and hypoxic exposure group with daily hypoxic exposure simulating the condition at an altitude of 6 000 m for 8 h in a hypobaric chamber (n=11). During the 4 weeks of exposure, the rats were allowed free access to standard laboratory chow and sterile water. The food intake of the rats was recorded daily and their body weight twice a week. The organ /body weight ratios were used to assess the effects of hypoxic exposure on the vital organ coefficients. The morphological changes of vaginal exfoliated cells were examined twice a day to assess the changes of the estrous cycle. After the exposure, aortic blood samples were collected from all the rats to determine the serum levels of sex hormones and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px). Results Compared with the normal control group, the rats within 7 d of hypoxic exposure showed significantly decreased food intake, and significant decrease in body weight occurred within 10 d of the exposure. Hypoxic exposure significantly increased the organ coefficients of the kidney, liver and spleen but did not significantly affect the uterus and ovaries of the female rats. Morphological analysis of the exfoliated cells showed that hypoxic exposure significantly prolonged the estrus and metestrus phase and shortened the diestrus period of the rats. Hypoxic exposure resulted in significantly decreased serum levels of progesterone and luteinizing hormone, lowered the activities of GSH-Px and SOD and increased MDA content as compared with those in the control group. Conclusion Hypoxic exposure can cause estrous cycle disorder in female rats possibly by inducing oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the changes of estrous cycle and the preventive and therapeutic effects of Chaihu Shugan San (Radix bupleuri liver-soothing Powder, CHSGS) in female rats with liverstagnation pattern. Methods Female rats were randomly divided into normal group, liver-stagnation group, high-dose CHSGS group (H group),and low-dose CHSGS group (L group) (n = 10 in each group). Liver stagnation pattern was established by using chronic restraint stress for 4 weeks. After modeling for 14 days,rats in the H and L groups were given the investigated medicine at the dose of 1. 26 g/kg and 0. 31 g/kg (equivalent to 2 and 0. 5 times of human dosage) respectively, once a day for 2 weeks. Rats in the model group and the normal group were given the same amount of distilled water. At week 2 and week 4,sucrose preference test (SPT) was conducted; At week 4,open field test (OFT) was performed. Rat estrous cycles were observed by using vaginal smears. General observation was used throughout the experiment. Results At week 2,compared with the normal group,the model group showed a state of hyperactivity, irritability, reduced and slower mobility, and reduced food-intake. SPT were higher at week 2 but decreased at week 4 (P < 0. 01). Estrous cycle disorders were also reduced (P <0.01). Duration in central zone (Index S),cubicle-crossing counts (Index C) and vertical movements (Index N) decreased in OFT test (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the activities of the rats in the H group were more similar to the control group, with the duration in the central zone and vertical movements higher than those in the model group (P < 0. 01) and SPT decreased (P < 0. 01). Disordered estrous cycles decreased in H group (P <0. 01). The above-mentioned changes were not observed in the L group (P > 0. 05). Conclusion Behavior changes with estrous cycle disorders were observed in female rat with liver-stagnation model established by chronic restraints stress. Chaihu Shugan San appeared to be effective in relieving the symptoms and estrous cycle disorders. High-dose CHSGS was superior to low-dose CHSGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of the serum and local estrogen level during orthodontic tooth movements and attempt to elucidate the bio-mechanism of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A Wistar rat experimental model was established to apply orthodontic activation during different stages of estrous cycle. One hundred and twenty female rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, activation group and control group. Each group was fresher divided into 4 sub-groups according to the different stage of the estrous cycle. The serum and periodontal tissue estradiol level were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. The data of each group was analyzed with SPSS11.0 software package for Student-Newman- Keuls (S-N-K) test, and cosinor-rhythmometry method was used for chronobiologic analysis to show the rhythmic change of the estrogen level. RESULTS: Both serum and periodontal estradiol expression were increased by orthodontic activation during various stages of the estrous cycle (P<0.05). But the rhythm of the estradiol level during the estrous cycle was not changed. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that local mechanical stimulation directly enhances the periodontal tissue estrogen expression and inferred that the stress induced by orthodontic activation is related to the serum estrogen augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effects of low?intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in promoting repair of cyclophosphamide (CTX)?induced ovarian injury in female rats., Methods: Fifty female SD rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at 30 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days to induce premature ovarian failure. Successful modeling was achieved in 43 rats, which were then randomized into model group (21 rats) and treatment group (22 rats), with another 13 rats without any injections serving as the normal control group. The rats in the treatment group received low?intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment, and those in the other two groups received no interventions. The estrous cycle of the rats was monitored during the experiment, and all the rats were sacrificed 7 days after the treatment for analysis of serum estradiol (E 2 ), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti?Mullerian hormone (AMH), morphological changes of the ovary and the number of follicles., Results: Compared with those in the normal control group, the rats in the model group showed disorders in the estrous cycle, reduced number of follicles at all levels, significantly decreased serum E 2 and AMH, and increased serum FSH following CTX injection (P=0.01). Ultrasound treatment obviously promoted the recovery of estrous cycle, significantly increased the number of follicles and serum E 2 (P=0.01), and decreased FSH (P=0.01) in the rats with CTX?induced ovarian injury, but AMH showed no significant changes after ultrasound treatment (P=0.50)., Conclusion: Low?intensity pulsed ultrasound can promote the repair of the CTX?induced ovarian injury in SD rats.

The circadian clock has been linked to female reproductive physiology and endocrine in mammals. Epidemiological studies of female shift workers have shown increased rates of abnormal reproduction and adverse pregnancy. But little is known how the circadian rhythms affect reproduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of circadian rhythms on estrous cycle in female mice using clock gene Rev-erb-α knock out (Rev-erb-α(-/-)) mice. To test the fertility of Rev-erb-α(-/-) mice, litter sizes were counted after mating with C57BL/6J male mice. HE staining was used to observe the change of follicle development. The number of embryos of Rev-erb-α(+/+) and Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice was compared 1.5 d after mating with C57BL/6J male mice. Then Rev-erb-α(+/+) and Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice were housed to adult, and daily vaginal lavage with 0.9% saline was used to monitor estrous cycle for at least 30 days. Quantity of various cells was counted on specified smears views after staining. We observed estrous cycles of Rev-erb-α(+/+) and Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice using line plots and periodic spectrograms. The results showed that the Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice were infertility, and the number of embryos of Rev-erb-α(-/-) females was less than that of Rev-erb-α(+/+) females. However, the follicle development of Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice was normal. The estrous cycle of Rev-erb-α(-/-) female mice was 3.22 days longer than that of Rev-erb-α(+/+) female mice. The results suggest that loss of Rev-erb-α prolongs estrous cycle, which is probably one of the reasons for female mice infertility, and circadian rhythm is important for mammalian estrous cycle.

Studies have shown that clock gene Cry1 may have important roles in the endocrine process of seasonal reproduction in mammals. In this study, Duolang sheep (non-seasonal reproduction sheep breed) and Chinese Merino (seasonal reproduction sheep breed) were used to determine the expression change of Cry1 in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in different stage of estrous cycle by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the Cry1 mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, in which the expression levels in pineal gland and thyroid gland were higher than in other tissues. As far as different sheep breeds were concerned, the tissue expression profiles of Cry1 at different stage of estrous cycle were broadly similar. Besides hypothalamus, the expression levels of Cry1 in ovary, uterus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland were all reached to peak in proestrus. The differences of expression change extent for Cry1 in vary, uterus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland in proestrus and oestrus were significant between different sheep breeds. The results suggested that Cry1 may play roles in switching on the estrus and seasonal reproduction.

This study compares superovulation efficiency during different stages of the estrus cycle in mice by investigating the pudendum appearance, vaginal epithelial cell type, and the follicular development dynamics, in relation to the estrus cycle. We determined the stages of the estrus cycle by observing the pudendum and making vaginal smears of the Kunming mouse, and ascertaining the follicular development by making paraffin sections. Based on the observation, mice in stages of proestrus, oestrus, metoestrus and dioestrus were superovulated respectively, and their follicular developments and embryo collection results were tracked to ascertain the appropriate estrus cycle stage for superovulation. Our data showed that pudendum appearance and vaginal smears could effectively distinguish different stages of the estrus cycle and that ovarian tissue observation showed that follicular development, corpus luteum formation and luteolysis were regular during the estrus cycle. Likewise, during the estrus cycle of the Kunming mouse, pudendum appearance, vaginal epithelial cell type and follicular development were relational to one another. Superovulating mice in different stages of the estrus cycle showed marked differences both in pregnancy rate and average number of embryos collected. Proestrus was significantly better than metoestrus and dioestrus (P<0.05), and better than oestrus, but the difference between them was not significant (P>0.05). We suggest that pudendum appearance and vaginal smears can be used to distinguish estrus cycle stages and that proestrus is the optimal stage of the estrus cycle for superovulation.

Objective: To investigate the long-term programming effects on pubertal reproductive function by immunological challenge in early life., Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) at a dosage of 50 µg/kg and saline intraperitoneally on postnatal day 3 and 5. Body weight was measured weekly. Puberty onset (vaginal opening) and oestrous cyclicity were monitored from postnatal day 30. At the age of 6 weeks, bilateral ovariectomy was performed. The histological and morphological change of the ovaries (the thickness of the theca interna and the number of different kinds of follicles) were observed and the immunoreactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nerve markers (low affinity receptor of nerve growth factor, p75NGFR) was evaluated by immune staining., Results: Immunological challenge (exposed to LPS) in early life delayed vaginal opening significantly [LPS-treated (40.6 ± 0.7) days versus controls (38.6 ± 0.5) days, P < 0.05], decreased the percentage of normal oestrous cyclicity (LPS-treated 26.1% versus controls 66.8%, P < 0.05), decreased the total number of different types of follicles (primordial follicles: LPS-treated 610 ± 47 versus controls 1181 ± 57, P < 0.05; primary follicles: LPS-treated 624 ± 41 versus controls 960 ± 30, P < 0.05; preantral follicles: LPS-treated 183 ± 16 versus controls 260 ± 14, P < 0.05; antral follicles: LPS-treated 32 ± 4 versus controls 79 ± 7, P < 0.05) and increased the thickness of the theca interna [LPS-treated (15.8 ± 0.4) µm versus controls (11.4 ± 0.3) µm, P < 0.05]. The immunostaining of p75NGFR was obviously enhanced in the LPS-treated ovaries when compared with that of controls (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Immunological stress during early critical developmental windows could have long dysfunctional effects on the pubertal reproductive function. It delayed puberty onset, reduced the percentage of the normal oestrous cycles, decreased follicles reserve and increased the thickness of the theca interna which might involve the up-regulation of the local ovarian sympathetic nerve activity.

Objective: To elucidate the regulatory bio-mechanism of estrogen and local stress on the bone remodeling activities in vivo., Methods: A Wistar rat experimental model was established to apply orthodontic activation during different stages of estrous cycle. In situ hybridization was used to detect the variation of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) mRNA expression in the periodontal tissues. The data of each group was analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software package for Student-Newman-Keuls (S-N-K) test and one way ANOVA test., Results: Both IGF-I mRNA and IGF-II mRNA level expressed in the periodontal tissues were increased by orthodontic activation during various stages of the estrous cycle. But a similar pattern emerged that the IGF-I mRNA level was the lowest in the estrous stage, whereas its level was the highest in the proestrus stage (P < 0.05). No rhythm of IGF-II mRNA expression found during the estrous cycle., Conclusion: It was concluded that local mechanical stimulation directly enhanced the IGF expression. In contrast to the IGF-II, IGF-I was also influenced by the sex hormone rhythm during the estrous cycle.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to investigate the changes of the estrogen and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) level induced by orthodontic tooth movements in order to elucidate the bio-mechanism of orthodontic treatments during the estrous cycle., Methods: A Wistar rat experimental model was established to apply orthodontic activation during different stages of estrous. The serum and periodontal tissue estradiol level were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization was also used to detect the variation of the IGF mRNA expression in the periodontal tissues. The data of each group was analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software package., Results: Both serum and periodontal estradiol level were increased by orthodontic activation during various stages of the estrous. IGF mRNA expression were also enhanced with the same trend. The estradiol and IGF- I level showed in a similar pattern during the estrous cycle and the rhythm was not changed by the orthodontic activation. There was no rhythm of IGF-II expression found in the estrous cycle., Conclusion: It was concluded that estrogen and IGF were involved in the remodeling activities induced by the orthodontic activation. The speed of the orthodontic tooth movements was closely related to the estrous cycle.

Purpose: To investigate the changes of the serum and local estrogen level during orthodontic tooth movements and attempt to elucidate the bio-mechanism of orthodontic treatment., Methods: A Wistar rat experimental model was established to apply orthodontic activation during different stages of estrous cycle. One hundred and twenty female rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, activation group and control group. Each group was further divided into 4 sub-groups according to the different stage of the estrous cycle. The serum and periodontal tissue estradiol level were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. The data of each group was analyzed with SPSS11.0 software package for Student-Newman- Keuls(S-N-K) test, and cosinor-rhythmometry method was used for chronobiologic analysis to show the rhythmic change of the estrogen level., Results: Both serum and periodontal estradiol expression were increased by orthodontic activation during various stages of the estrous cycle (P<0.05). But the rhythm of the estradiol level during the estrous cycle was not changed., Conclusion: It is concluded that local mechanical stimulation directly enhances the periodontal tissue estrogen expression and inferred that the stress induced by orthodontic activation is related to the serum estrogen augmentation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and orthodontic tooth movement., Methods: A Wistar rat model was established to apply orthodontic activation during different stages of the estrous cycle. The distances of the tooth movements were measured and the serum estradiol level was detected by radioimmunoassay. The data of each group was analyzed with SPSS11.0 software package for Student-Newman-Keuls(S-N-K)test and one way ANOVA test. And cosinor-rhythmometry method was used for chronobiologic analysis to show the rhythmic change of the serum estradiol level., Results: There was a 5-day rhythm of the rat serum estradiol during the estrous cycle. The distances of orthodontic tooth movement were different at various stages. Teeth moved fastest in the estrus while the serum estradiol was lowest (P<0.05), the distance of tooth moved was (2.10+/-0.14)mm. And teeth moved slowest in the proestrus while the serum estradiol was highest (P+/-0.05), the distance of tooth moved was (1.79+/-0.03)mm. Totally, orthodontic activation increased the serum estradiol level without disturbing its fluctuating rhythm., Conclusion: It was inferred that female patients may have an optimal opportunity of orthodontic activation for rapid tooth movement, which should be applied on a few days before the menorrhea in order to move the teeth rapidly.

Objective: To explore the effects of applying force during the different stages of estrous cycle on orthodontic tooth movement of rats, so as to offer an experimental princinple for women's orthodontic treatment., Methods: 80 female 3-month-old Wistar rats, which had a stable and five-day estrous cycle, were used. They were randomly divided into control groups and loading-force groups. Each group was divided again into 4 sub-groups according to the different stages of the estrous cycle. The loading-force groups received repeated intermittent orthodontic force for four times seperately during the same stage of the estrous cycle. The distance between upper incisor and the first molar on the left was measured. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA, S-N-K., Results: There were significant variations in the amount of tooth movement among the groups which received the mechanical force during the different stages of the estrous cycle (P <0.01). There were significant variations in the amount of tooth movement between the groups received force during pre-estrus and estrus (P <0.05). There were not significant variations between the groups received force during metestrus and diestrus (P > 0.05). The largest amount of tooth movement was in estrus group and smallest in pre-estrus one., Conclusion: The effect of tooth movement depended on which stage of estrous cycle was chosen to be the time of applying orthodontic force.

Objective: To study the changes of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis of senescence accelerated mice (SAM) model in their aging process and the modulatory effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW) on the changes., Methods: Using vaginal smear to test the estrous cycle of animal; using radioimmunoassay to determine serum levels of estradiol (E2), and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and substance P (SP) in hypothalamus; and the western bloting technique was adopted to quantify the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in pituitary and estradiol receptor alpha (ER alpha) in pituitary and ovary., Results: The estrous cycle and diestrus were significantly prolonged as SAMP8 aged, the concentration of serum E2 was lower, pituitary LH was higher in the SAMP8 than those in SAMR1. Content of beta-Ep and SP in hypothalamus gradually lowered during aging, SP content lowered after a transient increasing, and ER alpha expression lowered significantly. LW could significantly shorten the diestrus, increase weight of ovary, elevate serum E2 level, significantly reduce the LH level in pituitary, increase beta-EP content in hypothalamus and ER alpha expression in ovary, but significantly lower SP content in hypothalamus. Oral administration of estrogen could increase serum E2, beta-EP and SP content in hypothalamus and ER alpha expression in pituitary, but lower LH level in pituitary, weight of ovary and ER alpha level in ovary., Conclusion: SAMP8, in the aging process, develops a progressive HPO axis functional disturbance, it is closely related with the change of levels of peptide neuro-mediator in hypothalamus and change of ER alpha level in ovary. LW could improve or modulate the HPO axis functional disturbance in SAMP8.