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【Objective】The present paper aimed to know the composition and distribution characteristics of Erythroneurini leafhoppers in the world, and to explore their world distribution pattern and possible origin and evolution path. 【Method】Based on Dmitriev’s 3 I interactive Keys and Taxonomic Databases, China Knowledge Network, Web of Science and other databases, the relevant literature on the classification of leafhoppers is collected and analyzed, and the species composition and world geographical distribution of Erythroneurini from 1851 to July 2021 was studied according to the geographical distribution data of leafhoppers.【Result】A total of 204 genera and 1929 species of Erythroneurini have been recorded worldwide. The Erythroneurini leafhoppers were distributed in all zoogeographic regions, mainly in the Oriental region, with a total of 133 genera and 857 species, including 98 endemic genera and 765 endemic species, accounting for 48.04% and 39.66% of the total number of the Erythroneurini, respectively. The Afrotropical region took second place, with a total of 51 genera and 293 species, 34 endemic genera and 257 endemic species, accounting for 16.67% and 13.32% of the total number of the Erythroneurini, respectively. The Palaearctic region had 45 genera and 324 species, 12 endemic genera and 230 endemic species, accounting for 5.88% and 11.92% of the total number of Erythroneurini tribe, respectively. The cross-regional distribution of genera and species was dominated by the Oriental-Palaearctic world, with 17 genera and 68 species, accounting for 8.33% and 3.53% of the total number of genera and species, respectively, while the rest regions, except for the Nearctic region, have a lower proportion. The clustering analysis of the geographical distribution of Erythroneurini leafhoppers in the world showed the correlation of the world’s animal geographical divisions, which indicated that the relationship between the Oriental and the Palaearctic, the Oriental and the Afrotropical, the Nearctic and the Neotropical are strong, and the species in these regions communicate frequently. 【Conclusion】A total of 204 genera and 1929 species of Erythroneurini are recorded in the world, which are distributed in various zoogeographical regions, mainly in the Oriental world. The species similarity between the Oriental regions and the Palaearctic regions is the highest, and the interval connection is the closest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]