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Sarcopenia is a disease mainly characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in the elderly population and chronic disease patients. Its main pathogenic factors include endocrine metabolic disorders, insufficient physical activity, chronic inflammation, etc. Recently, the impact of sleep disorders on sarcopenia has begun to receive attention, more studies have shown a correlation between sleep disorders and sarcopenia. Sleep disorders can lead to circadian disorders and thus affect the secretion of hormones such as insulin and sex hormones, as well as promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory inflammatory factors, all of which can lead to abnormal synthesis and breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins and may cause the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, exploring the relationship between the two and targeting sleep disorders may be effective in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and is a potential treatment strategy to intervene in the development of sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint therapy is a new mode of tumor therapy. At present, many kinds of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved for clinical application on various tumors, such as malignant melanoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, etc. However, with the gradual promotion and application in clinical practice, various immune-related adverse reactions caused by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have attracted extensive attention. Especially in recent years, a number of adverse reactions related to endocrine gland injury have been reported. This paper reviews the research status and corresponding clinical treatment methods of endocrine gland related adverse reactions caused by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Objective: To investigate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the endocrine axis function of women with endocrine disorders. Methods: 186 cases of female patients with endocrine disorders from September 2014 to February 2018 were selected as research subjects. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group (100 cases, estrogen replacement therapy) and the control group (86 cases, conventional drugs). Both groups were treated for 3 months. The changes of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) levels, curative effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rates of observation group and control group after treatment were 98.0% and 88.4% respectively, which was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum HDL-C and E2 values of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after treatment. The levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C and FSH were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Breast pain, breast mass, abnormal liver function and edema of lower extremities were found in both groups during the treatment. No significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). All the adverse reactions were improved after treatment. Conclusion: Estrogen replacement therapy can regulate the function of the endocrine axis, improve the treatment effect and promote the balance of blood lipid secretion in the treatment of endocrine disorder women with high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]