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Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sodium batteries with the inherent advantages of low cost, abundant amount and large energy density is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of batteries. Biomass has the advantages of sustainability, eco-friendly property, structural diversity and high reactivity. The porous carbon-based materials made from MOF derivatives and biomasses can provide the main frame, increase the interlayer spacing of carbon by the pore structure enlargement, which can ensure sufficient interlayer space for Na+ insertion, and promote electron transfer. Hence, it is used to improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. The application of biomass materials, MOFs and their derivatives, and MOF/biomass composites in sodium battery anodes was reviewed in this article, and their electrochemical performance was also analyzed. This provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-efficient MOF derivatives/biomass anode in sodium battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automotive Engineer (1674-6546) is the property of Auto Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to find a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determination of iodine in food, a gold nanoparticle modified electrode was constructed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to detect iodine ion (I-). In situ reduction of gold nanoparticles (Mb@AuNPs) using methanobactin (Mb), and the self-assembled modified electrode was preparaed by electrodeposition. Mb@AuNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the electrochemical behavior of iodine ion (I-) was investigated by CV. The optimized conditions for iodine ion detection were as follows: Electrodeposition scanning rate 0.11 V/s, number of scanning cycles 30, buffer concentration 0.05 mol/L, buffer pH 6.5. There was a good linear relationship between oxidation peak current and I- concentration in the range of 0.01~10.00 μmol/L, R2 was 0.9992. The detection limit was 2.88 nmol/L (S/N), and the quantitation limit was 9.60 nmol/L. The recoveries of iodine content in different foods were 96.22%~103.57%. The results show that the modified electrode has good precision, stability, reproducibility and anti-interference ability for the determination of I-, which meets the requirements of the determination method and can be used for the determination of I- in practical samples.

Chemical reactions in batteries, fuel cells, and electrolysis occur at electrode interfaces. Although in situ methods for analyzing electrode interfaces are limited compared to surface analysis under vacuum conditions, new techniques and improvements have been contributing to discoveries and elucidation of mechanisms of electrochemical reactions. In this special issue, we will introduce the latest analytical methods for solid-liquid and solid-solid interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical oxidation has manifested great advantages of low carbon, energy saving and cleanliness on degradation of toxic organics in water. The key to this technology is the development of efficient, stable and inexpensive anodes. A Ti/SnO2-IrO2 electrode was prepared by facile thermal decomposition method. The morphology and elemental composition of the electrode were characterized and the electrochemical performance of the electrode was analyzed. Furthermore, the Ti/SnO2-IrO2 electrode was used to degrade p-chlorophenol, and the influence of various factors, including current density, initial concentration of p-chlorophenol, concentration of Cl-, on the degradation effect was adequately investigated. The results show that the Ti/SnO2-IrO2 electrode has a long lifetime and good electrochemical performance. Especially, when the electrode is used to degrade p-chlorophenol at the current density of 20 mA·cm-2, the initial pchlorophenol concentration of 300 mg/L and the Cl- concentration of 1 000 mg/L, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) can reach up to 89.02% with a low energy consumption of 0.596 kWh·g-1. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of the Ti/SnO2-IrO2 electrode indicates its promising prospect for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-healing polymer materials are able to self-repair damage and recover themselves after cracks generating to maintain their structural and functional integrity. According to whether additional repair agent is added, self-healing polymers are mainly divided into two categories, namely extrinsic- and intrinsic-based polymers.The key materials of electrochemical energy storage devices will experience irreversible mechanical damage in extreme condition applications, for example, the energy storage device more prone to physical damage inwearable devices during the multiple bending and deformation processes. These problems severely reduce the stability of energy storage and delivery, and shorten the life of the devices. Therefore, the application of self-healing polymers in electrochemical energy storage devices to improve the stability and life of devices has become one of the research hotspots in recent years. Herein,this article summarizes the repair mechanism of self-healing polymer materials (capsule-based, vascular-based, and intrinsic polymers), with main focus on intrinsic self-healing polymer and its research progress in the field of electrochemical energy storage, which based on molecular interactions to achieve multi-time reversible healing without any additional repair agent.The self-healing electrode and electrolyte system were reviewed respectively, and then the self-healing mechanism and its influence on the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices were described. The research progress of self-healing functional polymer as high specific energy electrode binder, interface modification layer and self-healing electrolyte were summarized in detail. Finally, the future perspectives regarding the future development of self-healing polymer materials were also discussed.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two dimensional (2D) material Mxenes has attracted extensive attention as supercapacitor electrode materials because of its high specific surface area, high conductivity and solution processability. Several preparation methods of Ti3C2Tx MXene such as HF and fluoride based etching, alkali based etching, electrochemical etching and Lewis acid molten salt etching are summarized. The assembly strategies of Ti3C2Tx MXene electrode materials such as vacuum assisted filtration, cationic self-assembly, layer by layer assembly, printing process, assembly of MXene aerogels, hydrogels, and their applications in supercapacitors are reviewed. Many studies have shown that the structure and the electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes is considerably affected by different preparation methods and electrode assembly strategies. The preparation methods and electrode assembly strategies of Ti3C2Tx MXene are compared and summarized, the existing problems in the research are pointed out, and the future research direction of MXene is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of maintaining the excellent properties of diamond, such as high hardness, high stability and good biocompatibility, boron-doped diamond has the characteristics of semiconductor and even low temperature superconductivity, as well as wide electrochemical potential window and low background current. At present, boron-doped diamond film is recognized as an excellent electrochemical electrode material. In order to optimize the performance of boron doped diamond film and expand its application space, a lot of researches focus on boron doping, micro-morphology control of boron-doped diamond film, and surface modification of boron-doped diamond film, and so on. Based on the understanding of the structure of boron-doped diamond, this paper reviews the research progress of its electrical and electrochemical properties, and expounds its main preparation methods. This paper also analyze the application status and prospect of boron-doped diamond film as electrodes in sterilization, wastewater treatment, supercapacitors, biosensors and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (1673-2812) is the property of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the design and development of electric vehicles (EVs), the variation in lithium ion cells (LICs) is one of the most important safety issues as it can cause a decrease in the life of the battery systems and shorten the mileage range. This problem is rooted in the design accuracy and rationality of the process values for the battery electrodes, and defining the effects of temperature and state of charge (SOC) on the electrodes is a critical step toward improving the variation in LICs. In this paper, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method was adopted to study the 2.8 A·h 18650 cell. Firstly, the cells was dissembled and then attached the positive/negative electrodes separately to coin cells with an Li plate as the count electrode. Secondly, the impedance changes at different temperatures (25, 10 and-5℃) and the SOCs for these coin cells were studied using EIS. The results show that for 20% -100% state of charge at different temperatures, the negative electrode is the control electrode; electrochemical impedance is several times that of the positive electrode, especially, at-5℃, it reaches 4 times. Therefore, the negative electrode is the control factor in the kinetic variation process. For 0-20% SOC at 25 and 10℃, the electrochemical impedance of the positive electrode is larger than that of the negative electrode and it becomes the control electrode. Regarding EVs:1) the normal SOC usage range is 20% -95%; and 2) the working temperature range is above 0℃ to satisfy cell variations in the pack and benefit the life of the cells. Combined with the above results, it can be concluded that improving the variation in the negative electrodes is most useful to the variation in the 2.8 A·h 18650 cell. Above all, in the design process for LICs, the variation of electrodes should be improved as a target for improving costs and yields.

Based on Mindlin's first-order plate theory, the high-frequency vibrations of AT cut quartz crystal plate covered with unequal thickness electrode layers was analyzed. The dispersion relation and frequency spectrum of vibration modes including thickness-shear vibration mode, flexural vibration mode, face-shear vibration mode, extension mode and thickness-twist modes were obtained. The research results show that due to unequal thickness of the upper and lower electrode layers, the two originally groups of vibration modes that were previously considered uncoupled are now coupled and must be solved jointly. The computing results show that the frequency of every vibration mode decrease due to the mass effect of the unequal thickness electrode layer. According to the frequency spectrum of high frequency vibration of quartz crystal plate, the optimal length/thickness ratio of quartz crystal plate can be selected as the manufacturing size of resonator. The relationship between the thickness of the electrode layer and the frequency variation can be used to guide the design of the electrode layer thickness of the resonator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion-Sensitive Field - Effect Transistor (ISFET) electrode is expected to be useful for on-line nondisruptive measurement of pork pH values.The aim of this study was to compare pork pH values measured by using ISFET electrode without temperature compensation with conventional glass electrode. Porcine longissimus muscles harvested from 32 carcasses were subjected to pH measurement at 4day after slaughter. ISFET pH values were significantly higher than glass electrode pH value of 5.66.The least squares means of ISFET pH was 6.11 at the surface of pork sample an d6. 14 at the inner part of muscle. Although there were so mestatistical significant correlations between ISFET and glass electrode pH values,correlation coefficients between them were too low for the estimation of glass electrode pH value by ISFET pH value.These results clearly demonstrated that pH values measured by ISFET electrodes without temperature compensation become higher than those of glass electrode.Thus,appropriate corrections of values,e.g.temperature compensation and estimation using regression, would be necessary when using ISFET electrode for pork pH measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microchannel heat exchanger is highly efficient in heat exchange due to its microscopic structure and large heat exchange surface area ratio. Compared with conventional heat exchanger, it not only improves heat exchange efficiency but also saves space and reduces the weight of heat dissipation equipment. In agriculture, microchannel heat dissipation technology has been widely used in cultivation, machinery, and product drying. Microchannel increases resistance to fluid flow and could thus result in an increase in energy consumption. It could also give rise to a pressure-drop oscillation affecting operation of the system. Previous work showed that electric field has a beneficial impact on heat transfer efficiency in the microchannel heat exchanger. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different electrodes (needle type and linear types) affect pressure drop of the boiling R141b coolant when it flows in the microchannel. The pressure in the system was kept at 140 kPa, the working inlet temperature was 32.5, the mass flow rate ranged from 277.35 ℃ to 531.75 kg/(m²·s), the heat flux density ranged from 7.50 to 21.49 kW/m², the voltage ranged from 0 to 850 V, and the microchannel was rectangular with a cross section of 2 mm×2 mm. The results showed that the electric field under both electrodes increased the frictional pressure drop in the microchannel, compared with that without electric field. The frictional pressure drop of the two-phase along per unit length increased with both voltage and heat flux. The average two-phase frictional pressure drop along per unit length under the needle and the linear electrode was increased 0.7% to 15.4% and 1.3% to 18.7%, respectively, that without electric field. When the voltage changed from 0 to 250 V, the effect of the needle electrode on the pressure drop was greater than that of the linear electrode, while when the voltage was higher than 400 V, the effect of the linear electrode on the pressure drop was more significant. We simulated the electric field distribution in a microchannel 6 mm long using COMSOL for both electrodes. The results showed that under the same voltage, the maximum of the electric field intensity in the needle electrode was higher than that in the linear electrode, but the effective range of the electric field in the linear electrode was higher than that in the needle electrode. The results presented in this paper provide an alternative to improve performance of microchannel heat exchanger and reduce its energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ]Ｉｎ ｖｉｅｗ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｇ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｃｋ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｆꎬａ ｋｉｎｄ ｏｆ ａｉｒ￣ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ｗａｓ ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ. [Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ]Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇ ｍｏｄｅｌꎬｔｈｅ ｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｔｉｍｅꎬｓｏ ａｓ ｔｏ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｉｚｅ ｏｆ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ａｎｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｃａｐ. Ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ｏｆ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｔａｐｅｒｅｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ ａｎｇｌｅ ｏｆ ８０ ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓꎬｈｉｇｈ １０ ｍｍꎬ ｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ ２ ｍｍꎬｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｗａｓ ｃｏｐｐｅｒꎬｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ.Ｔｈｅ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｃａｐ ｗａｓ ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｃｏｎｉｃａｌ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｂｅｉｎｇ ｃｏｒｒｏｄｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｌｉｑｕｉｄ. Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ｃａｐ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｅｐｏｘｙ ｒｅｓｉｎꎬ ｃａｎ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｃｈａｒｇｅ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒꎬｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ｗａｓ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｒｅｅ ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ:ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｒｇｅ ｍａｓｓ ｒａｔｉｏ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔꎬｔｈｅ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔ ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ｔｅｓｔ ａｎｄ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｔｅｓｔ. [Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ]Ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｒｇｅ ｍａｓｓ ｒａｔｉｏ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔ ｔｅｓｔ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｃｈａｒｇｅ ｍａｓｓ ｒａｔｉｏ ｗａｓ １.１６７ ｍＣ􀅰ｋｇ－１ꎬａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔｓ １ ｍ ａｗａｙ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｆｉｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔ ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｒａｙ ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｗａｓ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｖｅｒ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｒａｙ ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ １－２ ｍꎬｔｈｅ ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔ ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｃｋ ｏｆ ｐａｐｅｒ ｃａｒｄ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｒｅａｃｈ ａｂｏｖｅ ７０％. Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｔｅｓｔ ｐｒｏｖｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ａｃｔｉｏｎ ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ ａｃｔｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｌｅａｖｅｓ’ ｆｒｏｎｔ ａｎｄ ｂａｃｋ. Ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｅｅｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆａｎ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｒｇｅ ｍａｓｓ ｒａｔｉｏ ｗａｓ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｌｅａｖｅｓ’ ｆｒｏｎｔ ａｎｄ ｂａｃｋ. [Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ]Ｔｈｅ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ｈａｄ ｔｈｅ ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ａｃｔｕａｌ ｓｐｒａｙ. Ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ ｃａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ａ ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｓｉｇｎ ａｎｄ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｔｅｓｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｉｒ￣ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃ ｎｏｚｚｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｏｒｃｈａｒｄ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lead is a toxic heavy metal which is extremely harmful to the human body. Lead and its compounds can cause great harm to nerves, hematopoiesis, digestion and kidneys. In agricultural production, lead in water and soil can be deposited in crops, which is one of the main causes of lead pollution. Therefore, the detection of lead in water and soil is very important. Recently, it was reported that square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) by using different nanomaterials modified working electrode had great test performance in heavy metal ions detection. Compared with the traditional mercury or bismuth film modified electrode, which can have secondary pollution to the environment, nanomaterials modified electrode has lower detection limit and broader detection range, and can be more stable than mercury or bismuth film modified electrodes. In this study, the graphene and HAuCl4 were used to fabricate graphene/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. First, 5 μL graphene-DMF(1 g/mL) solution and 153 μL HAuCl4 (48.65 mmol/L) were added into 842 μL ethanol solution (50%). 6 μL suspension of GR/HAuCl4 was casted on a glassy carbon electrode, and kept for drying at room temperature. GR-AuNPs/GCE was electrochemically reduced in the 0.5 mol/L NaCl by cyclic voltammetry method between 1.3 V and +0.8 V at 50 mV/s scan rate for 11 potential cycles. The electrochemical characterization of the GR/AuNPs/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The results showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE had better surface conductivity compared with the bare GCE and the GR/GCE. The modified electrode was used to detect the standard samples of lead (II) in acetate buffer solution by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry with an amplitude of 0.025 V, pulse width of 0.2 s, pulse period of 0.4 s, and scan range between −1.3 and +0.8 V. The deposition potential was −1.2 V and the deposition time was 180 s. Before the next cycle, the electrode was cleaned for 60 s at 0.8 V with stirring. For a better detection result, some detection conditions were optimized including the concentration of HAuCl4 in the GR-HAuCl4 mixed liquid, potential cycles of cyclic voltammetry, pH value of the acetate buffer solution, deposition potential and deposition time. Under all optimization conditions, the dissolution peak of lead ion (II) is −0.08 V in acetate buffer solution, and had a linear response to lead ion (II) in the concentration range from 1 to 90 μg/L (R2 = 0.985), with the detection limit concentration of 0.27 μg/L. GR-AuNPs/GCE was successfully used to analyze the concentration of lead ion (II) in water and soil with standard join law. Water and soil used for this experiment was obtained from Hangzhou Dianzi University, both divided into five groups. Both water samples and soil samples had five concentrations from 10 to 50 μg/L. The recovery ranges of lead ion (II) in water samples and soil samples were 98.70%-102.73% and 93.82%-109.92%, with all RSDs were below 7%, which showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE has a good detection performance for the actual samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrode array misplacement is a rare complication of cochlear implant. This article reports an 11-year-old boy who was mistakenly implanted the cochlear electrode array into the superior semicircular canal during the initial cochlear implant. After the diagnosis was confirmed, he underwent a second cochlear implant and the electrode array were successfully implanted into the cochlea. This article conducted a systematic review of the literature on electrode array misplacement, and the causes of electrode array misplacement were analyzed from different implantation position., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shape of electric cable quitely differs from that of straight wire in the process of measuring the magnetic field of electric cable with electrodes in seawater, so it cannot be checked by the models of straight wire. For this question, the formula is improved by analyzing the difference between straight wire and electric cable in seawater, and the original and improved formulas are compared through simulation calculation. Comparison of calculated and measured values shows that the improved formula has smaller error, and it's more applicable to the checking of the magnetic field of electric cable with electrodes in seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the pollution of bisphenol A (BPA) which was considered as an environmental endocrine, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were prepared by direct current plasma chemical vapor deposition (DC-PCVD) system. Mechanisms and reaction pathways of electrochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) at BDD electrode was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The results showed that BPA with different initial concentrations were completely mineralized to CO2 at BDD electrode, following the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The apparent reaction rate constant for BPA with initial concentrations of 100 and 10 mg ⋅ L-1 were 0. 494 and 0.700 h-1, respectively. When the current density was increased from 10 to 40 mA ⋅ cm-2, the apparent reaction rate constant and the removal rate were increased by 50. 61% and 11.26%, respectively. Seven intermediate products were detected in the degradation process, and two different degradation pathways were discovered. One pathway was that BPA was decomposed readily into one-ring aromatic compounds first and eventually mineralized by electrolysis to CO2, another was that both of the aromatic rings in BPA molecular structure underwent ring breakage simultaneously and then continuously oxidized to CO2 till the end of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]