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The soil surrounding an excavation experiences continuous ground settlement due to the combined effects of dewatering and excavation, which significantly impacts both the stability of the excavation and its surrounding environment. Objective To elucidate the key factors governing ground settlement during the dewatering and excavation process, as well as to establish an empirical model based on these findings, this study systematically investigated a deep metro station excavation in Hangzhou, situated on a typical river terrace with a dual-layered geological structure. Methods Firstly, a numerical analysis method for settlement in braced excavations was proposed by incorporating a hybrid Mohr-Coulomb (MC)-Modified Cambridge (MMC) constitutive model, derived from the deformation mechanism of excavation soil and a comparison with actual monitoring data. Subsequently, the response surface method (RSM) was employed, to establish an empirical model for ground settlement caused by dewatering and excavation under dual-layer geological structure conditions in the study area, accounting for various operational factors and their interactions, and to analyze the zoning characteristics of ground settlement. Results The findings suggest that the drawdown of the groundwater table, Hd, exerts the most significant influence on the surface settlement, followed by the depth of the underground diaphragm wall, Hw, and excavation width, B. Additionally, there is a notable interaction between B and Hd. The regression model developed based on these factors demonstrates high accuracy in predicting maximum surface settlement, Hm. Conclusion This study not only presents an empirical model for excavation engineering under similar geological conditions but also provides a practical framework for excavation design, construction, and monitoring. These contributions are crucial for effectively managing settlement deformation in excavations and their surrounding environments.

Grinding experiments of coal are designed to study the influence of spherical and cylindrical media on the three-dimensional morphology characteristics of grinding products. Details of experiments consist of coal grinding, screening of grinding produces, non-destructive testing of coarse-grained coal based on high-resolution three-dimensional X-ray microscopic imaging system, and particle segmentation extraction and three-dimensional morphology feature parameter calculation based on the Dragonfly software. For the low rotation rate condition of the ball mill, if the total surface area or total mass of grinding media is the same, breakage rate of the top size particles ground by the grinding ball is higher than that of the cylindrical media. Moreover, the yield of −1 mm fines yielded by the ball is the highest. The grinding effect reduces the volume and surface area of coarse materials. For the three grinding conditions, the steel cylindrical media with the largest surface area has a more significant “grinding and stripping” effect on coal and the highest particle sphericity.

[Objective] Disruptive intelligent technologies, such as large language models, are rapidly advancing and reshaping productivity, posing challenges to traditional knowledge-driven teaching models and setting new expectations for talent cultivation in higher education. Integrating these large language models with existing course content and designing new experiments to achieve talent cultivation goals in the intelligent era is crucial. This involves improving students' digital literacy and training various abilities. [Methods] To address these challenges, this study focuses on talent cultivation ability goals in the context of new productivity. The study analyzes the technical characteristics and applications of current large language models, explores the practical skills that students need, and sets corresponding cultivation goals. This study introduces the concept of "intelligent collaborative innovation ability," which involves cultivating students' innovation skills using artificial intelligence technologies such as large language models. This study discusses how to internalize this ability across different majors and proposes an innovative experimental design method characterized by "predetermined direction, diverse paths, and dynamic results." This method involves setting clear yet flexible goals for real engineering problems and encouraging students to seek solutions from various perspectives using diverse methods. This design tests students' innovative thinking and strengthens their adaptability to uncertainties and challenges. A dynamic result evaluation mechanism ensures comprehensive and fair assessment, promoting deeper thinking and continuous improvement. [Results] To address these challenges, this study begins with a focus on talent cultivation in the era of new productivity. The study analyzes the technical characteristics and applications of current large language models, explores the practical skills that students need, and sets corresponding cultivation goals. This study introduces the concept of "intelligent collaborative innovation ability," which involves cultivating students' innovation skills using artificial intelligence technologies such as large language models. This study discusses how to internalize this ability across different majors and proposes an innovative experimental design method characterized by "predetermined direction, diverse paths, and dynamic results." This method involves setting clear yet flexible goals for engineering problems and encouraging students to seek solutions from various perspectives using diverse methods. This design tests students' innovative thinking and strengthens their adaptability to uncertainties and challenges. A dynamic result evaluation mechanism ensures comprehensive and fair assessment, promoting deeper thinking and continuous improvement. [Conclusions] The study can transform teaching methods to focus on students and learning, effectively cultivating innovation and autonomous learning abilities. This method allows for personalized cultivation and a hierarchical evaluation. The proposed ability cultivation direction and experimental design method can serve as a reference model for innovative teaching practices across various disciplines when integrated with large language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study introduces a comprehensive experiment for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent using Enteromorpha prolifera, focusing on its structural characterization and efficacy in purifying heavy metal-contaminated wastewater. Integrating fundamental theoretical knowledge and experimental skills from courses in physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and instrumental analysis, this experiment bridges these foundations with cutting-edge research in chemistry, materials science, environmental science and engineering. It enables students to deeply comprehend and apply the critical scientific principle that "structure determines properties, and properties dictate function", facilitating a transition from solidifying theoretical and practical foundations to enhancing innovative thinking. Moreover, this experiment embodies the principle of "treating waste with waste", subtly instilling the concept of ecological cultivation in students' minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Recently, underground space disasters have occurred with increasing frequency, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive, multidimensional support system for emergency communication. A key task in emergency communication for underground spaces is the rapid reorganization of communication networks to relay disaster information in real time. Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), with their flexible deployment, unmanned operation, and all-terrain mobility, can play a vital role in emergency rescue efforts. In the event of disasters such as fires, collapses, or floods, UAVs can quickly access affected areas and establish stable ad-hoc networks using their onboard communication devices. UAVs can promptly transmit the collected disaster information back to the rescue center, thereby enhancing the efficiency of rescue operations. However, while extensive research has been conducted on UAV applications in low-altitude areas, further development is necessary for their use in underground spaces. Particularly, there is a lack of research on experimental platforms that integrate scientific research and teaching. This gap has resulted in a disconnect between the educational content and real-world scenarios. Therefore, establishing a scenario-based teaching and practice platform for emergency communication networks in underground spaces is essential. By enhancing practical teaching content, we can effectively guide students in learning modern emergency communication network technologies, ensuring a strong connection between theoretical instruction and real-world applications. [Methods] In this paper, we employ hypergraph theory to abstract the rapidly changing network topology into a dynamically evolving hypergraph, modeling the evolution of interference relations through the insertion and deletion of superedges. Specifically, we reformulate the dynamic channel selection problem in UAV communication networks as a hypergraph coloring problem. To adapt to the dynamic network topology, we leverage reinforcement learning theory to enhance the traditional hypergraph coloring algorithm and develop a dynamic hypergraph coloring algorithm. Additionally, when the topology of the UAV communication network changes, the traditional greedy algorithm requires recalculation at each time slot, whereas the Q-learning algorithm can quickly converge based on prior learning. Building on this discussion, we propose a dynamic channel selection algorithm based on the Q-learning framework, which can adjust the learning rate parameters according to the rate of topological changes. [Results] To validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, we conduct extensive simulation experiments to observe how the proportion of link conflicts in the network changes with varying algorithm iterations and UAV flight speeds. Additionally, we analyze the changes in average throughput across different network sizes, comparing the Q-learning algorithm to the greedy algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm can dynamically adjust the learning rate parameters based on the topological change rate of the UAV communication networks, achieving an optimal trade-off between algorithm performance and convergence speed. And the network performance of this algorithm is better than that of the greedy algorithm. [Conclusions] In conclusion, we utilize hypergraph theory to design an adaptive channel selection algorithm based on the Q-learning framework and establish a simulation experiment platform using ns-3 simulation software. Specifically, we employ the ns-3 platform to create a network simulation experiment for an underground space emergency scenario, helping students apply their theoretical knowledge of communication networks to practical engineering contexts. This work lays a solid foundation for developing a simulation teaching platform for UAV emergency communication networks within the interdisciplinary integration of electronic information science and emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of flotation reagent system on coal slime flotation, the coal slime of Shuiyu Coal Washing Plant is taken as the research object.Based on the uniform experimental design(UED)method, the mathematical model between flotation effect and reagent dosage is established, and the effect of collector and frother dosage on flotation effect is investigated.The results show that the flotation effect of coal slime is only related to the amount of frother in a certain range of collector dosage; the optimal dosage of frother is 75 g/t, the appropriate dosage of collector is 130 g/t.Compared with the actual production dosage, under the conditions of 257 g/t collector and 143 g/t frother, and the ash content of clean coal kept unchanged, the yield of flotation clean coal is increased by 0.49 %, the combustible material recovery is increased by 0.50 %, the improvement index of flotation is increased by 0.17 %, the dosage of collector is reduced by 127 g/t, and the dosage of frother is reduced by 68 g/t.When the collector dosage is within a certain range, the frother dosage is the key factor affecting the flotation effect, and the appropriate frother dosage can significantly improve the coal slime separation effect.

A two-step synthetic experiment to produce paracetamol from 4-hydroxyacetophenone was designed for undergraduate organic chemistry courses. The experiment begins with the condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone with hydroxylamine to form 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime. This oxime then undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement catalyzed by cyanuric chloride to yield paracetamol. The experiment incorporates several essential organic laboratory techniques, such as reflux, extraction, drying, filtration, rotary evaporation, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatography, providing students with comprehensive training in organic synthesis. By synthesizing a compound of significant medical and economic value, the experiment demonstrates practical applications of organic synthesis, thereby enhancing student interest in organic chemistry. Additionally, the use of a small molecule organic catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement deepens students’ understanding of the principles of organic catalysis and the mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive experiment within the interdisciplinary field of chemical biology, closely aligned with the cutting-edge of the discipline, deeply integrating science and education. Utilizing both chemical and biological methods within an in vitro biochemical reaction system, this study investigates effects of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the redox cycle of myeloperoxidase (MPO) within biological organisms. The mechanism of quercetin affecting the chlorination activity of MPO is clarified through molecular docking techiniques and a series of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The implementation of this experiment aids in broadening students’ perspectives, igniting their interest in scientific research, and enhancing their comprehensive experimental abilities. It offers valuable insights and examples for the development of multidisciplinary innovative talents in chemistry-related majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study outlines the design of a comprehensive chemical experiment to synthesize Ni-based nanocatalysts with varying grain sizes for biofuel production. Ni/CeO2、Ni/CeO2-SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 nanomaterials were prepared via a conventional impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The integrated scientific training process—from catalyst synthesis and structural characterization to performance evaluation—not only cultivate students’ comprehensive experimental skills, but also enhance their research literacy. This experiment aims to illuminate the intrinsic relationship between material structure and function, fostering a curiosity for investigating the unknown in the scientific realm. Moreover, the experiment incorporates a curricular focus on the “energy crisis”, heightening students’ awareness of current energy and environmental challenges, and inspiring a personal commitment to environmental stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis was an important aquatic resource, and its untreated samples often had higher natural formaldehyde content. In order to effectively reduce the content of formaldehyde, the orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the four factors, including the pH value, temperature, time for soaking and scalding and the scavenger. The optimal process conditions were as follows: the pH of soaking and scalding was 9.0, the temperature of soaking and scalding was 80℃, the time of soaking and scalding was 90 min, and 0.02% tea polyphenols +0.1% cysteine were used as the formaldehyde scavenger. No residual formaldehyde content was detected in Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis products after the treatment of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite device is the research hotspot of the flexible optoelectronic technology in the future. By employing 3D printing photopolymer technology, compatible manufacturing of flexible perovskite photoluminescent devices can be achieved. This research content is a forefront of interdisciplinary fields, covering professional knowledge in materials, polymers, chemistry, semiconductor physics, flexible electronics, and other related fields. In order to cultivate the innovative consciousness and scientific research thinking of undergraduates, and consolidate their professional theoretical knowledge and practical ability, we design an innovative experiment of fabricating flexible perovskite photoluminescent gels by 3D printing. The experiment involves 3D printing molding, post-processing of perovskite crystallization, characterization and analysis of experimental results, which allow students to personally participate in practice. While completing the whole process of preparing perovskite flexible devices independently, students can cultivate their scientific research interest and comprehensive ability to analyze and solve problems, so as to achieve the goal of innovative teaching experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogels amalgamate characteristics of both biomedical materials and conductive materials, finding applications in medical rehabilitation, motion monitoring, and human-machine interaction among others. To enhance the innovative awareness and experimental skills of undergraduate students majoring in flexible electronics, this experiment designs a conductive hydrogel crosslinked by nanogel materials. By exploring the initiator concentration and cross-linking mechanisms during the polymerization of co-polymeric hydrogels, the impact of material structural components on the durability and sensing performance of hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices were elucidated. Through taking part in this novel experimental design, undergraduates majored in flexible electronics can acquire key points on polymer emulsion polymerization, hydrogel synthesis, stress-strain sensing property characterization, gaining a deeper understanding of the influence of cross-linking agent structural design on material functionality. Additionally, this experiment developed a hydrogel based flexible and wearable sensing system based on hydrogel flexible electronic sensors. By integrating a smart glove capable of controlling a small car's movement and a hydrogel controller for computer game control, we tightly merge cutting-edge research with undergraduate experimental teaching tasks. This integration is beneficial in stimulating the research interest and innovative exploration spirit among undergraduates majoring in flexible electronics, materials, and electronic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

problems in complex systems cannot be evaluated by establishing simulation models because of their integrity, nonlinearity, openness and uncertainty. In order to fully consider the integrity and uncertainty of complex systems, this paper analyzes the contents and principles of experimental design, and the advantages of evidence theory, studies the three membership degree support vector machine model, and puts forward the subjective demand space generation method for capability metrics. Taking the performance analysis of the key penetration capability metric of a certain fighter aircraft as an example, the model is verified with sample data, which shows that the method had a good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional dislocation cultivation system of factory hydroponic lettuce can be developed on the basis of increasing the number of cultivated plants per unit area without affecting the light of lettuce. To improve the mechanization rate of the system and reduce labor intensity, according to the characteristics of the three-dimensional dislocation cultivation, the planting cup was proposed to raise to a certain height before pushing the planting tray, and the colonization cup could cross the cultivation trough plug. The colonization tray was pushed up the cultivation trough, and a set of planting tray handling equipment was developed. Taking the lettuce colonization tray as test object, the Box-Behnken experimental design method was used to explore the factors affecting the success rate of the handling equipment on the plate, and the optimal parameter combination was discussed. The test results show that when the horizontal installation error of the cultivation tank is 0-5 mm with the guide plate angle of 60° and the advancing speed of 0.22 m/s, the largest success rate of the upper plate of 99.33% can be achieved, which can meet the three-dimensional dislocation production requirements of factory hydroponic lettuce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Driving safety on high-speed rail (HSR) is of utmost importance, with a direct correlation between HSR travel safety and driver vigilance levels. This work aimed to develop a robust and comprehensive experimental scheme for estimating vigilance in HSR drivers. [Methods] The methodology integrates multichannel data to realize a nuanced and accurate evaluation of HSR driver vigilance levels. To simulate and reduce alertness among HSR drivers, a state-of-the-art HSR driving simulator is used, which shows continuous driving scenarios that closely imitate real-world conditions. Within this simulated environment, the basis for a multichannel HSR driver's vigilance estimation research and experimental scheme is established. The experimental phase involves the simultaneous collection of different data points, including the driver's EEG, ECG, eye movements, response times to simple tasks, and subjective reports detailing the level of fatigue experienced. These synchronous multichannel datasets, which are rich in information, form the basis for developing a sophisticated driver vigilance estimation model. Machine learning methods, such as neural networks and support vector machines, are exploited to leverage the wealth of multisource fusion features, which include the incorporation of the driver's neural and physiological characteristics as the input and the driver's fatigue state as the output. Central to this work is a careful examination of the effectiveness of the developed multichannel vigilance estimation scheme for HSR drivers, verifying its validity and practical application in real-world HSR driving scenarios. [Results] The experimental design highlights the significance of considering multichannel data and identifying the intricate interplay between occupational responsibilities and environmental factors that influence HSR drivers. The comprehensive experimental plan spans the collection of diverse data sources, including EEG, ECG, eye movement recordings, response times to various tasks, and subjectively reported levels of vigilance. The driver's response time to emergency situations is normalized to establish a vigilance grading standard, such as high, medium, and low, allowing for the identification of the driver's vigilance. This nuanced classification system offers the foundation for proactive measures to improve driving safety and prevent potential railway accidents or delayed responses during crucial situations. Acknowledging the constraints of wearable devices in collecting and transmitting physiological data, we advocate a forward-looking approach. Follow-up studies should encompass a holistic consideration of hardware and software aspects. This includes addressing the challenges associated with the collection, transmission, processing, and analysis of multichannel data. Proposals for improvements in data collection devices and transmission methods are presented to minimize interference and fortify the overall robustness of the experimental design. [Conclusions] In conclusion, this comprehensive approach establishes a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the preliminary design of safety systems for high-speed train applications. By addressing the challenges associated with multichannel data collection and wearable devices, this work considerably contributes to the advancement of HSR driver vigilance estimation and, consequently, plays a key role in improving the overall driving safety in HSR operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The problems of excessive CO2 emission, the greenhouse effect, and energy shortage have been widely discussed among countries worldwide. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) can realize the conversion of CO2 into value-added chemical fuel under mild conditions and the storage of renewable electricity, which is an effective way to promote China's aim of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To pursue higher catalytic activity and product selectivity, researchers are committed to developing highly efficient ECO2RR electrocatalysts. In this paper, we designed Mo2CO2 MXene-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) (TM@Mo2CO2-Ov, TM = Fe, Co, Ni) according to the needs of ECO2RR, focusing on their electronic structure, catalytic performance, as well as reaction mechanism through theoretical simulation of the electrocatalytic process. [Methods] In this work, the CIF file of the Mo2CO2 MXene structure downloaded from the crystal structure database was first imported into the Materials Studio software. Then, the (110) crystal plane was cleaved, and a vacuum layer of 15 A was created. Afterward, a 3 x 3 supercell treatment was applied to the system. Next, the VASP software was utilized to perform structure optimization. After the Mo2CO2 structure was optimized, a vacancy site for an oxygen atom on the surface was constructed. Subsequently, the Fe, Co, and Ni metal atoms were introduced into the respective vacancy sites to create the Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov, and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov catalyst models, respectively. Finally, the VASP software was employed to optimize the catalyst structures and the adsorption structures of the reaction intermediates. The performance evaluation of ECO2RR on different SACs was obtained by studying the reaction mechanism of the production of C products (CO, HCOOH, CH3OH, and CH4). The free energy of ECO2RR was calculated using the computational hydrogen electrode mode, wherein the energy of (H+ + e-) remained equivalent to that of 1/2H2 at normal pressure and temperature. [Results] The calculated results showed the following: 1) In the Mo2CO2-Ov framework, single Fe, Co, and Ni atoms replaced the Mo atom at the center of the O defect. After structural optimization, it was found that these three structures did not change significantly, and the bond lengths only changed slightly. 2) The CO2 molecule was stably adsorbed on Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov, and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov via chemisorption. The structures of CO2 were significantly bent after adsorption, and the calculated absolute values of the interaction exceeded four. The DOS analysis showed that the occupation of d orbitals of Ni, Co, and Fe led to the adsorption difference. The d orbitals of Co and Fe were hybridized with the ng and nM* orbitals of CO2, which promoted the adsorption and activation of CO2. 3) The ECO2RR free energy diagram and reaction path analysis showed that Co@Mo2CO2-Ov had higher ECO2RR activity and better CH4 selectivity and was a better electrocatalyst for the formation of C1 products from ECO2RR than Fe@Mo2CO2-Ov and Ni@Mo2CO2-Ov. [Conclusions] By integrating the geometrical analysis, DOS calculation, and free energy analysis, Co@Mo2CO2-Ov was established as the ideal ECO2RR catalyst. The work can achieve the expected goal of significantly enhancing the ECO2RR performance and improving students' scientific research literacy to explore micromechanisms and processes through the extension of the experimental process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Rhodamine B (RhB) is a typical triphenylmethane dye with a carboxyl structure and a type of recalcitrant organic pollutant. It can cause significant damage to human health and the environment when discharged into water bodies. Ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) technology uses UV light excitation to decompose H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with strong oxidizing properties. The standard electrode potential of •OH is 2.8 eV, which is much higher than those of ordinary oxidants such as O3, Cl2, and H2O2. UV/H2O2 technology has the advantages of rapid reaction, low selectivity with organic compounds, and good treatment effects. In addition, the hydrolysis products of H2O2 are water and oxygen, which are environmentally friendly and do not cause secondary pollution. Therefore, among many advanced oxidation methods, UV/H2O2 technology is receiving widespread attention and research. Herein, a comprehensive experiment was designed to degrade RhB by the UV/H2O2 process. [Method] The effects of process conditions such as H2O2 dosage, pH value, and UV light intensity on the removal efficiency of RhB by UV/H2O2 were explored by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to examine the interaction of the different influencing factors. A quadratic regression model for the RhB removal rate was constructed, and its accuracy was verified through experiments. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy were applied to confirm the removal effect of RhB. [Results] The results of the single-factor experiments indicated that the degradation process of RhB by UV/H2O2 followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Properly increasing the concentration of H2O2 improved the reaction rate and the degradation effect of RhB, but its excessive addition led to the self-loss of •OH. Weak alkaline conditions were more conducive to RhB degradation in UV/H2O2 systems. With the increased UV light intensity, the reaction rate constant k value significantly increased. The RSM results revealed that the interaction between H2O2 dosage and UV light intensity significantly affected RhB degradation. At a H2O2 dosage of 47.45 mL/L, the pH value was 8.11, the UV light intensity was 730 µW/cm², and the RhB removal rate could reach 92.44% after 120 min. The relative deviation between the experimental and predicted values of the model was 0.89%. The predicted values from the regression model established with Design-expert software were highly correlated with the experimental values, accurately reflecting the actual removal of RhB. The UV-Vis and three-dimensional fluorescence results showed that a large number of azo bonds were rapidly broken by the active components, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the molecular structure of RhB were disrupted, but some benzene derivatives were formed during the reaction. [Conclusions] The UV/H2O2 method could effectively degrade RhB dye wastewater. Single-factor experiments and RSM were used to optimize the conditions of the UV/H2O2 process, which helped improve students' understanding of the influencing factors of the reaction, kinetic fitting and optimization of experimental conditions in scientific research training, and cultivating students' scientific and rigorous style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a classical physical chemistry experiment, traditional Fe(OH)3 colloid electrophoresis has suffered from the following shortcomings, such as the waste of Fe(OH)3 colloid, the long dialysis operation time, and the lack of inquiry learning. To overcome such shortcomings, we have made the following improvements on the original experiment: 1) realizing the recycling of Fe(OH)3 colloid by regenerating Fe(OH)3 colloid waste via colloid redissolution route; 2) improving the purification efficiency of coarse Fe(OH)3 colloid through optimizing the dialysis procedure; 3) introducing AgI colloid exploratory investigation to enhance the innovation and interestingness of this experiment; 4) introducing paper electrophoresis to cultivate the ability to connect fundamental experiments with practical applications. The above improvements have been fully confirmed and already applied in the colloid electrophoresis experiment performed in our university. As expected, such improvements have aroused enthusiastic responses from the students attended this course, thus providing a valuable reference for us to improve other classical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comprehensive chemistry experiment that involves the synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical characterization of ferrocenylphenyl derivatives. By integrating multiple characterization methods and test approaches, this experiment helps students learn fundamental college chemistry theory, basic laboratory skills, and academic research in the field of organometallics. UV-Visible spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were utilized to study the target compounds and compare the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on the molecular spectrum via a quantitative computation methodology. Furthermore, it stimulates the creation of green chemistry values and sustainable development mindfulness while developing students' scientific research and comprehensive experimental skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the integration of education and science, a specialized experiment has been designed to address the research hotspots in the field of energy. This experiment is characterized by collaborative innovation, ensuring both safety and operability. By starting with literature search and experiment design, students are guided to explore the advancements in zinc-air fuel cells, understand their working principles, assembly techniques, and methods for performance evaluation. Through a systematic training program that simulates the scientific research process, students are encouraged to pursue excellence and seek the truth in the scientific field. This program aims to gradually develop their scientific literacy and enhance their practical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc metal batteries have promising potentials in electrochemical energy storage due to their inherent safety and low cost. However, their practical application is hindered by side reactions during Zn deposition/stripping. In this experiment, we report a simple heat treatment to achieve preferred orientation of the Zn(002) plane in Zn foils. Then, the effect of this change on electrochemical properties is evaluated. This experiment is closely related to the cutting-edge research topics based on crystal chemistry and electrochemistry, which would greatly inspire students' interest in scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to foster students' computational thinking by integrating research project-based teaching methods. It outlines a comprehensive series of computational experiments centered on the first-principles calculations of the LiFePO4 cathode material, a prominent subject of study in lithium-ion battery research. The designed computational experiments encompass modeling of crystal structures, structure optimizations, electronic structure calculations, lithium-ion diffusion estimations, and post-experiment analyses. This approach ensures students gain a profound understanding of the foundational principles, processes, and analytical methods of first-principles calculations. Simultaneously, it bolsters both their grasp of theoretical methods and proficiency in software operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemistry comprehensive experiment is in the basic core position in university chemistry teaching. Combined with the our latest research results, we designed a visible light-induced synthesis of selenium-containing seven-membered medium-sized N-heterocycles comprehensive experiment. Through substrate design and preparation→visible light catalysis synthesis→structure characterisation and analysis, students are systematically trained in skills such as continuous multi-step synthetic operation, process analysis and structure analysis, so as to cultivate the systematic and comprehensive nature of students' learning. On this basis, students can fully understand the frontiers and advantages of photochemical reactions and cultivate their awareness of green chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The cultivation of talents with the theoretical knowledge and practical ability of carbon neutrality is urgent for mitigating climate change and achieving a goal of carbon neutrality. Protecting and increasing the carbon sink in ecosystems represents an important pathway to carbon neutrality. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments contains a large carbon pool; thus, studying the biodegrad ability of bulk DOM and the transformation of different DOM components is crucial. This study designed a comprehensive experiment to analyze the carbon sink potential of aquatic DOM, combining research frontiers and experiment teaching. [Methods]This experiment included the sampling of DOM from typical water bodies and laboratory biodegradation incubation. The river water and wastewater were collected as typical samples, and the DOM was measured before and after the microbial degradation. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was measured using a total organic carbon analyzer to quantify the biodegrad ability of bulk DOM. A UV--visible absorption spectrometer and a molecular fluorescence spectrometer were used to further measure the optical properties of DOM. The absorption coefficient and the spectral slope were calculated as indicators of the level of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and the average molecular weight of DOM, respectively. Humic-like and protein-like peaks were identified from the fluorescence spectra, and the fluorescence intensity of each peak was used to indicate the level of the corresponding fluorescent component. The absorption and fluorescence indices of the initial and degraded samples were compared to decipher the degradation and transformation characteristics of CDOM and different types of fluorescent components. [Results]The bulk DOC decreased by 15.7% and 45.0% after the microbial degradation of river and wastewater DOM, respectively. This indicated the higher biodegrad ability of DOC from wastewater that contained more labile constituents. In contrast, the river DOC contained a higher percent of refractory constituents and thus had a higher carbon sink potential. The CDOM absorption coefficient decreased by 12.8% and 1.5% in the river water and wastewater after biodegradation, respectively. The weaker decrease in wastewater CDOM suggested the potential transformation from labile constituents to CDOM by microbial humification. The absorption spectral slope increased slightly by 4.9% after the biodegradation of the river sample due to the decreased molecular weight by the prevailing degradation process. In contrast, the spectral slope decreased by 19.8% for the wastewater sample, indicating an increase in the molecular weight through microbial humification. The fluorescence of river DOM was dominated by humic-like peaks, whereas that of wastewater showed strong signals for both humic-like and protein-like peaks. The protein-like peaks showed little changes in the river water while the humic-like peaks increased slightly, which indicated net accumulations of refractory components and was consistent with the theory of microbial carbon pump. In contrast, both protein-like and humic-like peaks decreased after the degradation of the wastewater sample, which proved a higher biodegradability and the potential priming effect due to the increased microbial activity with more labile substrates. [Conclusions]This experiment revealed different biodegrad abilities of bulk DOM and different DOM constituents (CDOM and different fluorescent components) from typical aquatic environments (i.e., river and wastewater). The experiment design can be applied to further explore the biodegrad ability of DOM from other water bodies. The results can be used for assessing the carbon sink potential of environmental DOM and for analyzing its underlying mechanisms. This experiment can help students understand the cutting-edge scientific theory of carbon neutrality, master the principle, operation, and data analysis of modern instrumental analysis techniques, and cultivate innovative thinking and practical ability, which will help the cultivation of talents for carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Carbon dioxide (CO2) displacement and storage are the most viable technologies for achieving carbon neutralization and enhancing low-permeability reservoir recovery. The current research focused on the evaluation of CO2 storage capacity and mechanism under different geological conditions but ignored the problem of CO2 storage time being too long. When CO2 was injected into the stratum for geological burial, it mainly existed in the form of geological structure burial in the initial stage of injection (within several decades), and the safety was relatively low. In the middle stage of injection (within 100 years), it changed from geological structure burial to bound storage and gradually to dissolved storage, and the safety was relatively good at this time. In the later stage of injection (thousands of years), the storage forms were mainly dissolved storage and mineralized storage, and the safety was the highest. Therefore, through laboratory experiments, studying how to improve CO2 mineralization and storage speed and shorten the CO2 storage time using chemical agents is of great significance. [Methods] Based on the actual CO2 storage technology in reservoirs, a CO2 storage experimental device under formation temperature and pressure conditions was independently built, and multimedia-assisted CO2 storage experimental research was conducted. The precipitation of potassium carbonate through the utilization of the ethanol + KOH solution system enabled CO2 capture and carbonization. The reaction process in the solution system was affected by the ethanol concentration, resulting in different CO2 carbonization amounts with the change in the ethanol concentration. Simultaneously, the precipitation-generated potassium-based acid salt could undergo a reaction with water to facilitate ethanol regeneration. This paper utilized experimental methods to investigate the CO2 capture efficiency of the ethanol + KOH system, real-time monitoring of ethanol content in the solution, and identification of the optimal ethanol concentration for the formation temperature. The solution was supplemented with KOH, followed by the utilization of regenerated ethanol from the solution's carbonization reaction for subsequent carbonization, enabling the determination of the maximum CO2 capture capacity of the ethanol + KOH system. The CO2 burial experiment was conducted using a high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement device after injecting the ethanol + KOH solution. The characteristics of CO2 mineralization under different permeability/porosity conditions were discussed. [Results] The research results indicated that the 96% ethanol + 3-g KOH solution demonstrated effective CO2 capture, resulting in an average precipitation of 4.56 g per capture. Simultaneously, following the saturation of the core with the 96% ethanol + 3-g KOH solution, CO2 injection was conducted to induce sediment formation, resulting in a reduction in core permeability of approximately 16.01%. After CO2 mineralization and burial, the average porosity of the low-permeability core decreased by 7.07%, and the porosity change rate was positively correlated with porosity. The results of the CO2 storage experiment indicated that after the action of the 96% ethanol + 3-g KOH solution, CO2 could be effectively captured in the form of precipitates in the reservoir, with the largest degree of capture in medium to large pores. Compared with formation water, the composite solution studied in this paper can improve the CO2 storage efficiency by 30%. The 96% ethanol + 3-g KOH solution can accelerate the CO2 precipitation process in the reservoir and shorten the mineralization and storage time of CO2 in the reservoir. [Conclusions] This study proposed a new method to increase CO2 storage capacity by injecting a KOH + ethanol solution into a formation to improve CO2 mineralization and storage efficiency. Moreover, it realized the effective integration of the chemical industry and petroleum engineering disciplines and provided a new research approach for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a high-resolution imaging radar that works under any weather conditions without environmental constraints. It has wide applications in military and civilian fields. Maritime ship tracking based on SAR images mainly involves identifying a ship in a SAR image and monitoring its trajectory in subsequent SAR images, thus achieving the monitoring of the marine field. It is currently an important branch of remote sensing image information processing and has extremely important research value. This study aimed at the characteristics of coherent speckle noise in SAR images and the difficulty in capturing ships due to their large moving range.To improve the accuracy of ship tracking on the sea, an experimental scheme for ship tracking based on SAR images was designed. First, three pairs of continuous satellite SAR images were used to construct a dataset. Then, according to the characteristics of smallships on the sea and the layered structure of the SiamFC algorithm network, a SiamFC algorithm was proposed fortracking ships on the sea. Because of the relatively simple feature extraction network structure of SiamFC, which was more suitable for tracking small targets such as satellites and ships, this study adjusted the parameters of the SiamFC algorithm and trained and tested a model using a constructed dataset. The model was trained in a completely offline mode, and the tracking process did not update the model parameters. Only the trained parameters were used for tracking. The test results showed that the model is feasible. To achieve a better tracking effect, a gamma operator was introduced to enhance the SAR images. The coherent speckle noise in SAR images was reduced, enhancing the details of ship targets. This was mainly reflected in the fact that the grayscale value of the ocean was lower compared with ships and land after SAR image enhancement, resulting in a more pronounced shape and size of ships. The Gamma Map filtering algorithm was used to improve the model, which reduced a large amount of useless information in the image, the pressure of feature extraction, and the error of correlation convolution operation so that the model could effectively track the target according to the characteristics of the target. This effectively improved the performance of the model and solved the technical difficulties of SAR image tracking. Finally, the improved model was tested, and the experimental results showed that the average accuracy of the improved model on test set A increased from 12.7% to 19.6%. When the coincidence rate met at least 40%, the accuracy of the improved model reached 30%, which is an increase of more than 10%. When the test set was B, the average accuracy of the model increased from 39.0% to 41.7%. When the coincidence rate met at least 40%, the accuracy of the improved model increased from 55% to 61%, increasing by 6%. The improved method proposed in this study achieved the expected goal. The results showed that the ship tracking accuracy of this scheme was improved and that the new scheme had good tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] g-C3N4 is a photocatalytic material that can be prepared easily at low cost and exhibits good stability. However, it has limitations, such as a small specific surface area and low efficiency in photogenerated carrier separation. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 can be enhanced by modifying the microstructure of carbon nitride through morphology regulation, element doping, and heterostructure construction. At present, most studies on photocatalysis focus on simulating visible light for degradation experiments to investigate the catalyst's performance and influencing factors. However, limited studies have been conducted under natural light conditions that hamper the practicality of research findings. [Methods] Herein, Cl/S codoped carbon nitride was synthesized using a hydrothermal stripping method and combined with MoS2 to form MoS2/TCNTCNCl-S composite material. Furthermore, it was loaded onto Al2O3 hollow spheres to prepare modified carbon nitride hollow sphere MoS2/TCNTCNCl-S (P), enabling recycling of the composite material. Crystal phase composition and morphology of the catalyst were analyzed using SEM, TEM, UV--Vis spectroscopy, and XRD techniques. Moreover, the mechanism behind photogenerated carrier generation, recombination, and transport was investigated through I-T measurements as well as PL and EIS characterization methods. Furthermore, a photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative system was constructed under visible light conditions to evaluate TC degradation efficiency considering different TC concentrations, catalyst dosage, pH, and PMS concentration. This enabled the evaluation of the catalyst's performance and its influencing factors under natural light conditions. Radical quenching experiments and ESR operations contributed to the PMS collaborative system to analyze the reasons for the difference in free radical contribution and to summarize the mechanism of TC degradation in the process. [Results] The results demonstrate that the photo-self-Fenton/PMS system achieved an 80% degradation rate of TC within 120 min, indicating the high feasibility of photocatalysis under natural light. The photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative system autonomously generated H2O2 upon PMS addition and enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency by approximately 30%, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional photo-Fenton technology requiring additional Fe2+ and H2O2. Furthermore, the incorporation of PMS enhanced the anti-interference capability of the photocatalytic system, thereby minimizing the effect of pollutant concentration, pH, and other factors on its performance. TCNTCNCl-S, a double-doped carbon nitride nanotube cluster of Cl/S with a diameter of approximately 69 nm, was synthesized via the hydrothermal stripping method. Subsequently, the MoS2/TCNCl-S composite was formed, combining MoS2 with TCNCl-S(P). To achieve an efficient degradation of TC under visible light, a photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative reaction system was constructed. [Conclusions] This study achieved efficient degradation of TC under visible light through a highly efficient carbon nitride composite catalyst. By investigating free radical production and transformation mechanisms, it is observed that PMS introduction promotes increased ½O2- generation in synergy with new radicals such as ¹O2 and SO4*-, ultimately strengthening TC degradation. This experiment design involves a comprehensive application of basic knowledge and theoretical practice, such as the principle of environmental catalysis and degradation of water-based environmental pollutants, which helps strengthen students' understanding of the textbook content and improve their practical operation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive and scientific research experiment based on the solution combustion method is designed to prepare niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) for high-rate lithium storage. The phase and morphology of the samples are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the Nb2O5 anode is investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements, and the pseudo capacitance behavior is explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The results indicate that H-Nb2O5 obtained at 950 °C exhibits optimal lithium storage performance, demonstrating a reversible specific capacity of 104 mAh/g at an ultra-high current density of 100 C. This comprehensive experiment design is simple and covers the knowledge points of synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance, which is convenient for students to understand the relationship between the structure and performance of the materials. Furthermore, it also boosts their awareness of scientific research innovation and comprehensive practical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A comprehensive chemistry experiment on Organic-Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes (SPE) is introduced, aiming to familiarize students with the modification strategies of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and the application of SPE in all-solid-state batteries. The experiment involves X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of crystal structure, as well as tests such as AC impedance, linear sweep voltammetry, and constant current chargedischarge to enhance students’ understanding of concepts such as polarization and ion migration number. This experiment helps students extend theoretical knowledge to practical applications, improves their theoretical level, and enhances their practical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beckmann rearrangement, a pivotal reaction wherein carbonyl-rich aldehydes and ketones engage with hydroxylamines to forge organoximes, undergoes a rearrangement in the catalyst's presence and holds significant importance in organic synthesis. Addressing the perceptual gaps in understanding the experimental principles and the insufficient verification of reaction mechanisms during the instruction of Beckmann rearrangement of organoximes, this study utilizes the reaction between benzophenone and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. This reaction results in benzophenone oxime, which undergoes molecular rearrangement catalyzed by polyphosphoric acid to produce benzoyl aniline. This exercise adeptly interweaves elements from inorganic, analytical, and instrumental analysis chemistry, augmenting holistic design and innovative capabilities of students. Employing tools like melting point assessment, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, this study elucidates the nuanced structures of both intermediate and final products. By juxtaposing macroscopic physicochemical attributes with their microscopic counterparts, it robustly deciphers and authenticates the underlying reaction mechanism, enhancing the pedagogical efficacy of the Beckmann rearrangement and kindling innovative sense. This paper can serve as a reference for comprehensive and design-focused experiments on oxime-type Beckmann rearrangements, and also provide valuable insights for the enhancement of teaching materials and experimental procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the quality of statistical reporting in publications from general medical journals and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A random sample of 480 original research articles published in 2010 and 2020 was selected from two Medline journals and six Chinese core journals in the field of medicine and health. The quality of statistical reporting was evaluated using a self - developed checklist based on the SAMPL guidelines, ICMJE recommendations, CONSORT, STROBE, and other relevant standards, followed by an analysis of influencing factors. Results The overall quality score for statistical reporting in the surveyed general medical journals was 40. 0 ± 8. 6. The scores for different statistical aspects were as follows: statistical design (43. 2 ± 6. 8), statistical description (67. 0 ± 24. 3), t -- test (23. 6 ± 17. 5), ANOVA (26. 8 ± 17. 2), chi - square test (24. 2 ± 13. 7), rank - sum test (45. 5 ± 18. 4), correlation analysis (41. 9 ± 13. 2), regression analysis (40. 5 ± 14. 8), and survival analysis (45. 6 ± 14. 9). Univariate analysis indicated that the overall quality score for statistical reporting in articles published in 2020 was higher than that in 2010 (35. 8 ± 7. 4 vs. 44. 3 ±7. 5, t - - 12. 510, P <0. 001). Multilevel modeling showed that the indexing system, research field, and publication year were the main factors influencing the overall score. Compared to Medline - indexed journals, the overall scores were lower for Chinese core journals. Articles focusing on non - human subjects had lower scores compared to those involving human subjects. Additionally, the overall scores for articles published in 2020 were higher than those in 2010. Conclusion The quality of statistical reporting in general medical journals in China has improved over the past decade, but there remains substantial room for further improvement. It is recommended to enhance the promotion of relevant reporting standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this experiment, the preparation of ammonium ferrous sulfate and potassium ferric oxalate, and the determination of iron ion, oxalate ion and crystal water content were integrated to develop a comprehensive chemical experiment. In the preparation part, virtual operation and independent design were introduced. In the analysis and detection part, not only the traditional chemical analysis method was used, but also the infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were introduced to characterize the product. The experiment can make the students consolidate the basic laboratory skills such as vacuum filtration, recrystallization and titration, master the instrumental for characterizing the composition and structure of products, which can train students' ability to comprehensively apply chemical theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems and develop good scientific research literacy. Furthermore, by combining with ideological education, this experiment can also help cultivate students' environmental protection awareness and scientific exploration spirit, and improve students' sense of responsibility in the laboratory and interest in chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of UV detector-fluorescence detector (UVDFLD) connected in series for the determination of vitamin B2 in tablets was designed as a teaching experiment. This method can overcome the limitations of common HPLC by a single detector. Through the application of this method for experimental teaching, students could not only master the basic theory and operation of HPLC, but also understand the principles and functions of UVD and FLD. Furthermore, it also improved the undergraduate students' experimental skill and comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on the characteristics and learning needs of students participating in the experiment, a comprehensive experimental teaching design for civil engineering foundation is proposed based on students' independent choice. The experimental contents are divided into civil engineering material direction and soil mechanics direction, and the backfilling technology of fluid solidified soil is introduced. Through the analysis of document retrieval, the students can choose the experimental direction independently, and complete the experimental work in groups under the guidance and inspiration of teachers. This experimental teaching method is conducive to mobilizing students' subjective initiative, transforming them from passive receivers to active learners, stimulating students' learning enthusiasm and interest, and improving the effectiveness of experimental teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Through scientific research back-feeding teaching, the two concepts of "multicomponent reaction" and "fluorinated organic compound" were integrated into undergraduate experiment teaching, and 5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole was synthesized by the three-component reaction. This reaction features mild experimental conditions, simple operations, high yield, good reproducibility, and high safety. This comprehensive experiment integrates science and education and combines theory with practice, thus helping students to understand the new concept of step-economic synthesis and to establish the concept of green chemistry. This is a new subject suitable to introduce into the current organic experiment teaching course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing chemistry experiments is an important way for students to develop practical skills and understand the process of scientific inquiry. Using research results, a comprehensive experiment was designed for the electrochemical synthesis of selenium-containing heterocycles. The experiment teaches students about chemical synthesis, analytical techniques, and structural analysis through the preparation of substrates, electrochemical synthesis and analysis, the spectral characterization of compounds, and crystal culture and analysis, among other processes. Learning about electrochemical synthesis enhances students' awareness of green chemistry and stimulates their interest in the scientific process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A LCNFs/PVA-PPy（LPP） composite hydrogels were prepared by in-situ oxidation polymerization of pyrrole using nanocellulose fibrils（LCNFs） as carrier and polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） as reinforcing agent, the adsorption properties of LPP for Cr（Ⅵ） were studied. The results show that LPP is a black elastic porous three-dimensional network structure. The optimal pH value of Cr（Ⅵ） adsorption is 2, the adsorption kinetics is fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model, the adsorption isotherm equation is fitted to the Freundlich model. The results can be used not only for the resource utilization of agricultural waste and Cr（Ⅵ） pollution treatment, but also for the comprehensive experimental teaching of undergraduates in chemistry, materials and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Genetic polymorphisms determine individual genetic differences and disease susceptibility and affect drug metabolism and transport. Genetic polymorphism testing has significant application value in various fields, such as medical research, disease diagnosis, prevention, and health management. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) instruments are highly sensitive and accurate molecular biology detection tools widely used in basic medical research and clinical diagnosis. Thus, medical students need to learn the fluorescence qPCR technique to improve their research capabilities and disease diagnosis levels and respond to public health events. This experiment designs three methods, namely high-resolution melting curve (HRM), allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), and TaqMan probe, to genotype the ethanol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) rs1229984 locus, aiming to guide students in using different PCR-derived techniques for genetic polymorphism testing. [Methods] The ADH1B gene sequence and the homologous genes ADH1C and ADH1A with high homology were downloaded from the GenBank database. The SnapGene software for gene alignment was used to locate the rs1229984 locus. Amplification primers for HRM-PCR, AS-PCR, and direct sequencing were designed using software such as SNPway, Primer, and Beacon Designer and algorithms such as NUPACK and MetLab. Commercial TaqMan probe primer pairs were ordered. Oral epithelial cells were successively collected from 48 volunteers, DNA was extracted using a rapid extraction method, and DNA content was measured using a spectrophotometer. PCR amplification systems were configured for the HRM, AS, and TaqMan methods, amplification reactions were performed on the corresponding PCR instruments, and the corresponding software was used for result analysis after the reaction ended. At the same time, the PCR products were detected using Sanger sequencing to identify the genotype of ADH1B rs 1229984. [Results] The HRM, AS, and TaqMan methods can all accurately identify the polymorphism of the ADH1B gene, and their genotyping results are consistent with the results of the direct and Sanger sequencing methods. Each of the three PCR methods has its advantages and disadvantages: The TaqMan method has strong sensitivity and specificity but requires designing a pair of primers in addition to a pair of locus-specific probes, which is costly. The HRM method is the simplest to operate and the lowest in cost, but it requires high-quality DNA. The AS method has strong specificity but requires high primer design standards and involves PCR amplification reactions with two upstream primers and one downstream primer, comparing the ΔCt values of the two for judgment, which is relatively complex. [Conclusions] By establishing the HRM, AS, and TaqMan methods, the polymorphism of the ADH1B gene rs122998 locus in 48 volunteers was successfully genotyped. The accuracy of the experimental results confirmed the reliability of fluorescence qPCR technology in the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. Through experimental teaching, students can be taught to apply what they have learned to detect other genetic polymorphisms. When choosing a detection method, several factors, such as the purpose of the experiment, number of samples, cost, and ease of operation, need to be considered comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Under the background of new engineering disciplines, the experimental teaching of mechanical dynamics combined with frontier technology plays an important role in promoting students' engineering practice and multidisciplinary integrating innovation abilities. To realize the combination of MEMS micromirror technology and mechanical dynamics teaching practice and achieve the purpose of design verification and parameter identification of MEMS micromirror, this study relies on a Huawei-funded project to conduct experiments on the amplitude--frequency characteristics of the MEMS micromirror. [Methods] Based on the working principle, the second-order dynamic equation of MEMS micromirror is established, and the MEMS micromirror is considered a typical second-order forced vibration problem. Therefore, its amplitude--frequency characteristics exhibit the resonance phenomenon; that is, when the driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the system, the angular amplitude of the micromirror reaches its maximum value. Students understand the theoretical knowledge of forced vibration combined with the experiment and use the knowledge to analyze and design the micromirror, which can promote the students' engineering practice ability. The MEMS micromirror amplitude--frequency experimental platform mainly includes an electromagnetically driven micromirror, laser source, photodetector, and signal processing board. The photodetector is realized by integrating a photodiode and a Gaussian light source. The light emitted by the Gaussian light source is reflected by the mirror attached to the back of the micromirror to the photodiodes, which are integrated with the light source into the same board. Then, the photodiodes generate an electric current through the photoelectric effect. The photodiode current passes through signal processing modules, such as amplification, low-pass filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, to generate the output signals. When the MEMS micromirror is twisted, the light spot covering the photodiodes will be offset, resulting in the varying light intensities received by the two groups of photodiodes. As a result, the output signals corresponding to the two groups of photodiodes vary, and angle detection can be realized by calculating the difference of the output signals. The amplitude--frequency characteristic curve of the micromirror can be obtained by collecting the torsional amplitudes corresponding to different driving current frequencies. [Results] The experiment on the amplitude--frequency characteristics of the micromirror realized the precise identification of the natural frequency and quality factors of the micromirror, which lays the foundation for the formulation of the control scheme. The photodetector has the advantages of compact space and lightweight; thus, it can realize high integration with the MEMS micromirror, which has important engineering value for the product of the laser scanner. [Conclusions] The application of micromirror amplitude--frequency characteristic experiments in mechanical dynamics teaching enhances students' knowledge of engineering practice and multidisciplinary integrating innovation abilities, broadens students' understanding of frontier technologies and enhances students' desire to engage in scientific research work in the future. At the same time, Huawei's courage to break through the blockade inspired students' patriotism and craftsmanship, which had a significant effect on ideological and political lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The deposition of Cl-containing harmful salts on the surface of service materials critically influences their corrosion process. The Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, located near the sea, has encountered corrosion issues due to the deposition of these harmful salts. Although researchers have conducted numerous in-depth studies on the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of materials in nuclear power plants, only limited literature addresses the deposition patterns of harmful salts on the surfaces of nuclear-grade materials. [Methods] A field environmental investigation was conducted to understand nuclear material corrosion in salty environments, and then a harmful salt solution for salt spray deposition experiments was formulated based on the investigation results following the ASTM standard. To investigate the deposition patterns of harmful salts on the surface of spent fuel storage canister materials, this solution was used for salt spray deposition on nuclear-grade materials. Tests were conducted at 90 °C to simulate the coastal service environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station. [Results] The analysis of seawater composition revealed that the seawater near the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station is diluted by freshwater, as it is located near the Yangtze River estuary. Despite this dilution, a comparison with the global average sodium content of seawater indicated that the seawater near the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station retains the typical characteristics of normal seawater. The design results for the harmful salt solution indicated that, based on the total chloride content of substitute ocean water according to the ASTM D1141-98 standard (2021 edition), the concentration of each compound in the seawater near the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station must be multiplied by 4.075 26 for amplification. This adjustment allows the formulation of a harmful salt simulation solution for salt spray deposition that complies with ASTM standards. The experimental results of harmful salt deposition on the surface of nuclear-grade material at 90 °C indicated the following: By setting the sedimentation rate of the salt spray at 1.75 mL/(h·80 cm2) and establishing a single salt spray period as "1 min of salt spray followed by 15 min of standing," one salt spray period was necessary for the average harmful salt concentration on the surface of the sample to reach 0.1 g/m² (using thin slice samples measuring 100 mmx100 mmx 0.1 mm). To achieve a concentration of 1.0 g/m², 12 salt spray cycles were required (using flat samples measuring 50 mmx25 mmx2 mm). Finally, 112 salt spray cycles were needed to reach a concentration of 10.0 g/m² (also using flat samples measuring 50 mmx25 mmx2 mm). [Conclusions] The seawater near the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station retains the characteristics of normal seawater. This paper proposes a laboratory design concept and serves as a reference for evaluating the service life and performance of materials used in nuclear power plants operating in actual service environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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