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Monod-Haldane functional response function is introduced into Leslie-Gower predator-prey model under the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, the influence of the defensive ability of prey on the positive equilibrium solution of the predator prey system is studied. A priori estimate, sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence and local stability of the positive equilibrium solution are established by using the maximum principle, the super and sub-solution method, bifurcation theory and stabili- ty theory. Combined with numerical simulation, the positive equilibrium solution is quantitatively ana- lyzed. The research shows that as long as the intrinsic growth rate of prey and predator is greater than a certain constant the coexistence mode can be generated. At the same time, the defense ability of prey has an inhibitory effect on the predator; especially when the prey has a higher growth rate, the ability of prey to resist the predator is stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a fast and efficient dynamic channel access method for distributed channel access scenarios with strong jamming and limited channel resources to achieve effective anti-jamming communication performance. The proposed problem is constructed as a correlated equilibrium (CE)-based game model with jamming signals designed as coordination signals. To effectively raise the convergence performance under different jamming patterns, the event counters (ECs) are designed, where the coordination signal is improved according to the characteristics of the jamming signal. Next, a distributed cooperative anti-jamming approach is constructed based on coordinated learning, which effectively accelerates the generation of CE points. Based on the above approach, this paper designs a distributed channel access anti-jamming algorithm based on coordination signal optimization, and the simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively achieve cooperative anti-jamming and channel access. Compared with the existing work, the proposed approach can achieve better communication performance and fairness in the face of sweep jamming. In the face of random jamming, it can achieve faster and better communication performance without losing fairness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of NTU Management Review is the property of NTU Management Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking agricultural water use in Emin Irrigation District as the research object, In this study, we applied principal component analysis, information entropy and equilibrium degree to carry out principal component analyze the 10 indicators data of the irrigation district from 2009 to 2021. The result shows that: the main drivers affecting agricultural water use in irrigation districts are six indicators: length of lined impermeable canals, irrigated area, area sown to crops, water-saving irrigated area, volume of irrigation water, and number of people in agriculture. Temporally, the water use composition of Emin Irrigation District from 2009 to 2022 is dominated by agricultural irrigation water, and the water use for irrigation of cropland, garden land, forest land and pasture land accounted is 90.25%, 3.12%, 5.05% and 1.58%, respectively, and the water use for agricultural irrigation showed a decreasing trend year by year from 2010 to 2020. Spatially, the upstream of the irrigation area is dominated by surface water for agricultural water use, and the ratio of surface water and groundwater in the middle and downstream of the irrigation area is basically the same. From 2009 to 2022, the information entropy value and balance degree in different geographical locations of the irrigation area are: downstream > upstream > midstream, and the information entropy of the Northeast, Central, and West are 0.36, 0.32, and 0.56 Nat respectively, and the mean values of the Northeast, Central, and West equilibrium are 0.26, 0.23, and 0.40, respectively. The results of the analysis can provide theoretical references for the status quo of water use for irrigated agriculture in the irrigation area and the management of water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem of solving nonlinear equilibrium points of automobile steering, the solving effect of the genetic algorithm was studied and an improved method was proposed. A two-degree-of-freedom model of automobile steering was established, and the reason why the nonlinear equilibrium points of automobile steering can only be solved by numerical iteration was explained, a fitness function suitable for the intelligent optimization method was constructed, and a method to determine the feasible solution range was proposed. Under the driving conditions of a vehicle speed of 70km/h, road adhesion coefficient of 0.5 and a front wheel angle of 0~0.2rad, three equilibrium points were solved by using genetic algorithm. By comparing the fitness value surfaces of large and small steering angles, the reason why the genetic algorithm can not meet the solving accuracy of small steering angle equilibrium point was explained, and the solution flow of the fusing genetic algorithm and BFGS quasi-Newton method was presented. The results show that the proposed fusion solution process can solve the small steering angle equilibrium points that meet the solving accuracy requirements and have higher solving efficiency, which makes up for the shortage of the genetic algorithm solving alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automotive Engineer (1674-6546) is the property of Auto Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To obtain the iterative methods for solving a class of random generalized quasi variational inequalities (RGQVIs) in the Hilbert spaces, the measurability of the projection operators on varying-constraint sets depicted by the mapping from points to random-value sets with closed (convex) values, was proved. Moreover, the random iterative algorithm was proposed for solving RGQVIs, and the convergence of the random sequences generated with the random iterative algorithm was obtained under some suitable conditions of monotony and Lipschitz continuity. Finally, 2 applications were given with depicting results of the random generalized Nash games and random Walrasian equilibrium problems, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rational allocation of health resources is the key to promoting a balanced and sustainable development of healthcare. This paper took the China Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistical Yearbook as data sources, and comprehensively used the Gini coefficient and the Thiel index to measure the balance of primary healthcare resource allocation in China. The results show that the per capita ownership of primary healthcare resources in China has increased yearly, yet there is still regional differentiation. The balance of the allocation of primary healthcare resources in China is generally good, but the allocation within the region is prominent. The number of beds varies greatly between regions and increases year by year. Human resources for health are concentrated in developed regions. Therefore, this paper suggests combining the total amount and structure of health resources to ensure the long⁃term stable development of primary healthcare undertakings. We also recommend placing equal emphasis within and between regions to guide the rational flow of healthcare resources; optimize the distribution structure of bed numbers, and strengthen the development of human resources for health in underdeveloped areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the liquid-gas phase transition as an example, this study discussed how to achieve the triune teaching goal better for physical chemistry course, that is, to simultaneously cultivate the "knowledge-ability-quality" of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of network attack and defense towards real-time continuous, dynamic and high-frequency changes, the traditional discrete multi-stage network attack and defense game model has been difficult to meet the actual needs, and the node state in the traditional network is single, which is difficult to accurately describe the evolution process of the node type in the actual network confrontation. This paper improves the dynamics model of node infectious disease, and applies it to network attack and defense. The model describes the evolution process of nodes in different states and the migration relationship between nodes in the process of attack and defense. When constructing the Markov differential game defense model for moving targets, the paper uses the differential game model to analysis in each stage, and uses the Markov decision process to describe the state transition between stages. Through equilibrium analysis and solution, the paper designs the defense decision optimization algorithm to analyze the node state evolution. Simulation results show that the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and optimization strategy are efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To transform the scale of redox titration for a unified formula of the titration scale, a relative concentration of the aqueous electron Re is proposed, and a new theory for redox titration is then developed with pRe as its monitoring scale. This new theory addresses the balancing of the semi-redox-reaction, provides the general formula for calculating pRe, investigates the general variation of pRe in titration, and reintroduces the principle of an electron indicator. In this study, the titration of Ce4+ to Fe3+ solution is used as an example to deduce the following aspects: the approach for drawing titration curves, calculation for titration jump ranges, and criterion of direct and accurate titrations. Finally, the effect of Kτ ϴʹ, which is the conditional equilibrium constant of a redox reaction, on titrimetric analysis is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The traditional slices method of slope stability limit equilibrium has explicit functions or implicit functions in its equations, and their complexity varies, but their duality has not been studied. In this paper, the formula in the Swedish slices method is an explicit function, which meets the requirements of an odd function, and the formula in the simplified Bishop method is an implicit function, which also meets the requirements of an odd function. Then, it is discussed that the complex formula of safety factor also meets the requirements of an odd function. It is proposed that one of the necessary conditions for the establishment of the limit equilibrium slices method of slope stability is that its function expression is an odd function. Finally, with C language programming, the safety factors of 11 traditional limit equilibrium slices methods are calculated. Taking classic examples as reference, these methods are used to calculate the safety factors of slopes with the same physical parameters, same geometric dimensions, but having left and right symmetry, and their safety factors are opposite to each other. The results of the research provides guidance and foundation for the computerization of the limit equilibrium slices method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper fused the characteristics of cloud security and the point-to-group networks, proposed a new malware propagation model based on cloud-edge combination, namely, cloud security environment and point-to-group information sharing networks, and formed the cloud-edge combination defense against malicious code. Firstly, this paper introduced cloud security node based on the classical susceptibility-infection-immune propagation model, and added additional immune pathways of nodes in cloud security environment. Secondly, this paper analyzed the dynamics of the new model, and calculated the equilibrium point and propagation threshold of the model, and proved the local stability and global stability of the equilibrium point. Finally, the results of numerical simulation and simulation experiments show that, the malware propagation model based on cloud-edge joint defense can better curb the spread of malware in the network, and with the improvement of node detection and feedback ability, the containment effect of malware will be better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the disadvantages of the HGS algorithm such as slow convergence and the tendency to fall into local optima, this paper presented a hunger games search algorithm based on equilibrium pooling and Levy flight. It employed tent mapping to generate a more diverse initial population. Inspired by the equilibrium optimiser algorithm ( EO), this paper proposed an update formulation based on the dynamic equilibrium pool convergence principle, whose dynamically tuned update strategy strengthened the global searching ability. To step out of the partial optimum furthermore, it performed a mutation operation based on Levy flight on population for certain condition. Simulation experiments were carried out for 23 benchmark functions. The results show that compared with original HGS algorithm, ELHGS has higher accuracy and converges more rapidly, which is obvious for high-dimensional multi-peaked functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The existence of bistable periodic traveling wave solutions to lattice competitive systems was studied. Firstly, the lattice competitive system of 2 species was transformed into a cooperative system. Then, the principle of comparison was established and a pair of upper and lower solutions were given to obtain the convergence of the solution at infinity, with the initial function satisfying certain conditions. By means of the vanishing viscosity method and the principle of comparison, the existence of the traveling wave solution connecting 2 stable periodic equilibrium points of the system, was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the negative Poisson ’s ratio effect of the re-entrant honeycomb, the finite element simulation of its buckling mechanical properties was carried out, and 2 buckling modes other than those of the traditional hexagonal honeycomb structures were obtained. The beam-column theory was applied to analyze the buckling strength and mechanism of the 2 buckling modes, where the equilibrium equations including the beam end bending moments and rotation angles were established. The stability equation was built through application of the buckling critical condition, and then the analytical expression of the buckling strength was obtained. The re-entrant honeycomb specimen was printed with the additive manufacturing technology, and its buckling performance was verified by experiments. The results show that, the buckling modes vary significantly under different biaxial loading conditions; the re-entrant honeycomb would buckle under biaxial tension due to the auxetic effect, being quite different from the traditional honeycomb structure; the typical buckling bifurcation phenomenon emerges in the analysis of the buckling failure surfaces under biaxial stress states. This research provides a significant guide for the study on the failure of re-entrant honeycomb structures due to instability, and the active application of this instability to achieve special mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)