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[Objective] Plant phenology is the most salient and sensitive indicator of the response of terrestrial ecosystem to climate change. Research for the change of plant phenology is of great significance for understanding and predicting the change of terrestrial ecosystem. Methods] The interference mechanism of extreme precipitation on vegetation phenology for coping with extreme precipitation events was exploreed in the future. Based on the GTMMS NDVT from 1 986 to 2015, the end of growing season (EOS) of grassland was extracted, and the temporal and spatial dynamics of EOS and its response to different extreme precipitation indicators on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 3() years were explored. --Results] (1) Tn the past 3() years, in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the EOS of the northwest edge basically concentrated at the end of September, and that of the southwest and Southeast edges concentrated in the first ten days of November. The Himalayas and Handgun Mountains were the latest EOS regions in the whole region, and the north of Kunlun Mountains, Qaida Basin and surrounding areas were the earliest EOS regions. (2) EOS was mainly delayed, and the delay rate concentrated at ()〜1.5 d/a. The change of EOS was relatively stable, but the fluctuations were relatively large in the east of Tangdula Mountains, Handgun Mountains and the east of Himalayas. The change trend of grassland EOS in the future is opposite to that in the past 3() years. (3) Rainfall intensity (SDTT) had the greatest negative impact on EOS of alpine and subalpine meadow vegetation, and low intensity rainfall days (rl0 mm) had the greatest positive impact on EOS. The EOS of alpine and subalpine grassland was mainly negatively affected by SDTT, the days of moderate intensity rainfall (R20MM) and the longest continuous wet days (CWT)). Desert steppe vegetation was mainly positively affected by CWT) and negatively affected by R20MM and SDTT. The negative sensitivity of EOS of mountain grassland vegetation to SDTT was higher. EOS of mountain grassland vegetation was the most sensitive to the maximum one-day rainfall (RX1 DAY). Conclusion] The response of autumn phenology of different grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to different extreme precipitation events showed significant spatial heterogeneity. For example, the EOS of alpine subalpine meadows and alpine subalpine grasslands at higher altitudes were negatively affected by SDTT and R20MM, while the desert grasslands in arid regions were positively correlated with SDTT and R20MML This research can provide information on how the autumn phenology of plants may change in the case of future climate warming and the increase of extreme precipitation events, which can provide guidance for the monitoring of vegetation and grassland growth on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the formulation of protection strategies against climate anomalies, and the construction of a stable ecological barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

objective: To investigate the relationship between β2 microglobulin (β2-MG) and eosinophilic granulocytes (EOS) count levels and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: 121 patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD who were admitted to Hebei Yanda Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected, and they were divided into CAS group (58 cases) and non-CAS group (63 cases) according to the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis. Serum β2-MG level and EOS counts in the two groups were detected and compared. All patients were followed up for 3 years after discharge. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of β2-MG and EOS in patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD. Results: Serum β2-MG level and peripheral blood EOS count in the CAS group were higher than those in the non-CAS group (P＜0.05). Serum β2-MG level and peripheral blood EOS count in the death group were higher than those in the survival group(P＜0.05). Combined with CAS, high β2-MG and high EOS count were risk factors for death in patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD (P＜0.05). The area under curve of combining the β2-MG and EOS predicted the prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD was 0.904, which was higher than that predicted by single indexes. Conclusion: Serum β2-MG level and peripheral blood EOS count are increased in patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD with CAS, and which are associated with prognosis, the combined detection of β2-MG and EOS can improve the predictive efficacy of prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease on MHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and to investigate the evaluation value of eosinophils (EOS) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) combined with clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) in prognosis. Methods: 82 patients with AECOPD combined with VAP (VAP group) who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected, and another 55 patients with AECOPD without VAP (non-VAP group) in the same period were selected. According to the survival of the patients in the VAP group at 28 d after treatment, they were divided into death subgroup with 33 cases and survival subgroup with 49 cases. The levels of peripheral blood EOS and RDW of all patients were detected and CPIS score was calculated, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in patients with AECOPD combined with VAP were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with AECOPD combined with VAP. The evaluation value of peripheral blood EOS, RDW and CPIS score in patients with AECOPD combined with VAP was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 89 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 82 patients with AECOPD combined with VAP, and Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi accounted for 55.06%, 42.70% and 2.25%, respectively. Compared with non-VAP group, the levels of peripheral blood EOS, RDW and CPIS score in VAP group were higher (all p<0.05). Compared with the survival subgroup, the death subgroup had higher peripheral blood EOS, RDW levels and CPI score (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased of age and the increased of procalcitonin, peripheral blood EOS, RDW levels and CPIS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AECOPD combined with VAP, and the increased of forced expiratory volume in one second to the predicted value (FEV1%) was independent protective factor (all P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of peripheral blood EOS and RDW combined with CPIS score in evaluating the prognosis of patients with AECOPD combined with VAP was greater than that of peripheral blood EOS, RDW and CPIS scores alone. Conclusion: The pathogenic bacteria of patients with AECOPD combined with VAP are mainly gram-negative bacteria. The increased of peripheral blood EOS, RDW, and CPIS score are closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. The combination of the three is of high value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with AECOPD combined with VAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the impact of seasonal drought on the vegetation phenology of the Loess Plateau, the start of growing season(SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and standardized precipitation evaporation index(SPEI) were extracted, and the temporal and spatial dynamics of SOS and EOS and their response to seasonal SPEI in 34 years were explored based on the GIMMS NDVI, temperature and precipitation data from 1982 to 2015. The results show that the vegetation of the Loess Plateau in recent 34 years: a) SOS mutates in 1995, mainly in advance and the average linear change tendency rate is-0.180 9 d/a. b) EOS mutates in 1990 and shows a delayed trend. The linear change tendency rate is 0.094 2 d/a. 1991 and 2007 are the earliest and latest years of EOS ending respectively. c) The drought in spring and early winter of that year will lead to the delay of SOS in the next year, but the drought in summer and autumn of last year will lead to the advance of SOS in the next year. d) The drought in the spring of that year and the summer of last year will lead to the delay of EOS, and the drought in the autumn of last year and the winter of the beginning of last year will lead to the advance of EOS. The results show that the future vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is vulnerable to drought. Therefore, in the later stage of ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau, we should pay attention to the water use and the water demand for vegetation growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Serum levels of vitamin D (VitD), total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) and eosinophil ratio (EOS%) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) were measured in order to determine the relationship between VitD and AD, and its immunoregulatory role in AD. Methods Serum samples were collected from 120 patients with AD and 60 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the serum levels of 25(OH)D in the AD and controls, and the total serum IgE levels in the AD group. Blood cell analyzer was used to determine the proportion of blood eosinophils in the AD group. Results The serum level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the AD group (62.99±17.38) nmol/L than that in the healthy controls (72.44±18.07) nmol/L(t=2.92, P

By summarizing operational principle and application research status, this paper analyzed the existing projects and problems of blockchain-smart-contract. First of all, this paper introduced the model and operation principle of blockchain-smart contract in the overall architecture, which analyzed the deployment principle of it on Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric and EOSIO that made a comparative analysis of them. This paper summarized application research of blockchain-smart-contract by domestic and abroad, and discussed its future innovative application and development tendency. It introduced the application status of blockchain-smart-contract on Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric platform from financial transactions Internet of Things and medical application, and further probed into the application status of EOS (enterprise operation system) and other application fields. Finally, this paper analyzed and prospected blockchain-smart-contract future research direction through the aspects of itself's existing problems as privacy, mechanism designs and security, performance and formal verification and the shortcomings of application-research process for the three platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the level of CXCL12, inflammatory factors and pulmonary function in patients with asthma. Methods: From October 2017 to October 2019, 106 patients with bronchial asthma were selected in our hospital, including 67 patients in acute attack period (acute attack group), 39 patients in chronic duration period (chronic duration group), and 50 healthy volunteers for physical examination as the control group. Serum CXCL12 was detected, and the correlation between CXCL12 and inflammatory factors, lung function, eosinophil (EOS), Immunoglobulin E (IGE), Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) was analyzed. Results: The levels of CXCL12, Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-17A(IL-17A), Interleukin-13 (IL-13), EOS, IgE and FeNO in the acute attack group were higher than those in the chronic persistent group and the control group (P < 0.05), and the levels of CXCL12, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-13, EOS, IgE and FeNO in the chronic persistent group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1）, ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second/ forced vital capacity (FEV1 / FVC) and the percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second % of estimated value (FEV1% pred) in the acute attack group were lower than those in the chronic attack group and the control group (P < 0.05). FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, FEV1% PRED in chronic duration group were lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum CXCL12 level was negatively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC in asthmatic patients (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with EOS, IgE, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-13 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CXCL12 may play an inflammatory role in the process of asthma. The serum level of CXCL12 can reflect the severity of the disease and pulmonary ventilation function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide inhalation suspension on serum eosinophilic cell (EOS), eosinophile cationic protein (ECPJand lung function in children with acute episoded asthma. Methods: Selected 200 children with acute episoded asthma who were treated in our hospital from October 2015 to October 2016. they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 100 patients in each group. Patients in control group were treated with montelukast sodium, while patients in observation group were treated with montelukast sodium combined with budesonide inhalation suspension, the treatment course of two groups was lweek. Statistically analyzed the clinical efficacy, pulmonary function, which including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)and FEV1/FVC, and the changes of serum EOS, ECP levels in two groups before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate in observation group was 97%, which was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). The pulmonary function indexes of two groups after treatment were significantly improved than before treatment, and the observation group were significantly better than control group (P<0.05). The serum EOS and ECP levels in two groups after treatment were significantly improved than before treatment, and the observation groups were significantly lower than control group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Montelukast sodium combined with budesonide inhalation suspension has a good clinical effect in treatment for children with acute astlima. which can significantly improve the pulmonary function and reduce the serum EOS, ECP levels, so as to relieve the inflammatory reaction of children, it is worth popularizing in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective： To evaluate the clinical significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide （FENO） in patients with asthma- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome （ACOS）. To evaluate the correlation between FENO and FEV 1%, high sensitiv- ity C reactive protein （hs-CRP）, eosnophil （EOS）. Methods： 30 patients with ACOS were selected as the experience group from January 2016 to December 2016 treated in the department of respiration in Shanghai the ninth People＇s Hospital. 20 healthy people were selected as the control group. The FENO and FEVI% and EOS and hs-CRP were examined before the treatment as soon as after the treatment. Results： The FENO level in experience group was higher than it in control group as well as the EOS level and the hs-CRP level before the treatment（P=0.0081, 0.0078, 0.0263）. The FEV1% level in experience group was lower than it in control group before the treatment（P-0. 0047）. After the treatment, the change of FENO and hs-CRP and EOS in experience group was not different compared with the control group （P=0.2614, 0.1347, 0.2431）. But the FEVI% level in experience group was also lower than it in control group （P=0.0469）. After the treatment the level of FENO and hs-CRP and EOS in experience group was lower than it before the treatment （P=0.0027, 0.0427, 0.0031）. But the change of FEVI% level was not（P=0.1427）. Before the treatment there is a positive correlation between FENO and EOS （γ=0.8782, P=0.0072） as well as hs-CRP （γ=0.7392, P=0.0168）. There is also a positive correlation between FENO and EOS（3,-0.7642, P=0.0231） as well as hs-CRP （γ=0.7214, P=0.0248） Before the treatment there is not any correlation between FENO and FEV 1% as well as after the treatment （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： The eosinophilic inflammation is present in ACOS patients, which can be treated by gluco- corticoid. FENO can be used to evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoid, which induced EOS and hs-CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle and technical background of EOS imaging system are introduced. Combining with the publicity of this technology and the existing literature reports, it is known that low dose EOS technology can reduce radiation dose by 5 to 10 times in the course of examination, and micro dose EOS can even reduce radiation dose by 45 times. The image quality is only high or low; the system has EOS 2D and 3D workstations, which can help clinicians to measure and evaluate coronal and sagittal force lines of lower limbs easily. The tilt and torsion of limbs can be measured three-dimensional after three-dimensional model reconstruction in the three-dimensional workstation. Using these results, preoperative evaluation can be carried out. It is helpful for clinicians to evaluate and improve preoperative planning and post-operative measurement and evaluation of surgical effect. In terms of measurement accuracy, a large number of literatures reported that the accuracy of EOS 2D measurement is comparable to that of general radiology measurement, while the accuracy of EOS 3D reconstruction measurement is comparable to that of CT and MRI. Based on the technical characteristics and advantages of EOS, this paper reviews the literature reports and research progress of EOS in evaluating the accuracy of lower limb alignment., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)