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Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the active mesoscale processes in the Kuroshio extension (KE) region, and reveal the three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddies in this region, as well as the contributions of mesoscale eddies to water mass redistribution and ocean-atmosphere interactions, based on shipboard observations and satellite remote sensing data, this study investigates the three-dimensional structural characteristics of a typical eddy dipole composed of cyclonic eddy (CE) and an anticyclonic eddy (AE) distributed on the north and south sides of the KE axis, respectively, during June-July 2022. Results show that the CE has a southward cross-frontal motion dominated by shear forcing, while the AE remains relatively stable. The "cold tongue" structure of the CE gradually diminishes due to sea surface warming and heat diffusion from the KE axis, with the AE exhibiting a "reverse eddy sea surface temperature anomaly" structure due to the entrainment of cold water carried by the CE. The vertical multi-cores of internal temperature and salinity anomalies in the eddy dipole are related to the vertical redistribution of water masses with different characteristics. The AE's internal flow field is strongly baroclinic, with around 50% of it having a Richardson number less than the critical value of 0.25, indicating a tendency for turbulent mixing. The upper layer of the CE is barotropic, hindering substantial diapycnal mixing. This study helps to enhance understanding of the eddy dipole characteristics and internal structure of eddies in the KE region, providing information for further research on eddy dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

: Sensible heat flux is one of the most important parameters to represent the surface turbulent motion. Accurate and quantitative observation can greatly contribute to the patterns of water and heat balance within the region. It is also of great significance to climate observation, agricultural production, and water resources management. Eddy covariance (EC) and large aperture scintillometer (LAS) are the primary measurement techniques for the surface water and heat fluxes in the ecosystems at present. However, there are great differences in the spatial scales of the observation between the two techniques. Taking the Hulunbuir meadow steppe ecosystem as the research object, this study aims to clarify the variation characteristics of sensible heat flux observed by LAS and EC techniques. The contributing factors were also identified to determine the difference between sensible heat flux. A systematic analysis was finally made to quantitatively explore the influence of various factors on the difference between the two techniques. The results indicated that there was all the same trend of sensible heat flux observed by LAS and EC, which was predominantly driven by net radiation. There was also a positive correlation between the difference and net radiation at various temporal scales. The slope of 1.13 was found in the linear regression equation between the sensible heat flux observed by LAS and EC, indicating the better correlation (the goodness of fit was 0.81). The root mean square difference (RMSD) was 26.0 W/m², while the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 26.9%. The difference fell within the range of −50 to 50 W/m² in the majority of cases, accounting for 94.2 % of all samples. The results showed that the LAS shared excellent applicability in the meadow steppe region. The energy balance closure of the EC system then posed some influence on the difference between sensible heat flux observed by LAS and EC. The difference between LAS and EC was reduced after the removal of the data with an energy balance ratio (EBR) less than 0.8. Therefore, the difference between LAS and EC tended to be smaller in the higher energy balance closure. The primary meteorological environmental factors were determined as the net radiation, wind speed (WS), Bowen ratio (Bowen), and saturated water vapor pressure difference (VPD), indicating the significant correlations with the difference between LAS and EC. The explanatory power of individual factors was ranked in the descending order of the net radiation, wind speed, EC energy balance closure ratio, saturated water vapor pressure difference, and Bowen ratio. Both net radiation and WS shared the greatest influence on the difference between LAS and EC, with an explanatory power of over 50%. There was a two-factor enhancement between any two distinct influencing factors, particularly with the interactive factors of net radiation/wind speed and wind speed/Bowen ratio, indicating the high explanatory power of over 70%. A more accurate understanding was gained for the observation of sensible heat flux at the spatial scale by LAS and EC. The findings can also provide a strong reference for the quality control of flux data during regional-scale extension and ground validation using remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the high manoeuvrability requirements of modern aircraft and the introduction of S-curve intakes, the problem of flow field distortion in engine intakes has become increasingly prominent, and accurately modelling the total pressure distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) interface of the engine inlet on the ground test stand has become more challenging. In this paper, based on a new type of hinged total pressure distortion simulator with variable opening angle proposed by the Arnold Engineering Development Centre in USA, the main geometric parameters of the hinge and the incoming Mach number on the steady-state distortion flow field are analyzed in detail using the Reynolds‑averaged Navier‑Stokes (RANS) numerical method, and the vortex development and total pressure pulsation characteristics downstream of the hinge are studied using the more accurate DES method. By serrated reshaping of the original hinge, the mixing between the wake and the main flow region is enhanced while the steady-state distortion flow field remains largely unchanged, effectively reducing the dynamic distortion index of the downstream flow field and extending the simulation range of the steady/dynamic distortion ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Resources is the property of Geology & Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Combined with the principle of eddy current energy steering impact and feedback channel forced steering, the wall attachment effect was used to develop a new type of downhole self-excited pulsed jet energy-enhancing device. The structure parameters of the device were numerically simulated by the control variable method, and the pulsation characteristics of the pulsed jet for different structures and operating parameters were analyzed. A prototype was fabricated and tested in the laboratory. The research results show that when the ratio of inlet to outlet diameter is 0. 71 -1. 18, the pulse effect is good. With the increasing of ratio of inlet to outlet diameter, the pulse frequency shows increasing trend, and the pulsating pressure amplitude shows downward trend with the maximum pressure amplitude of 10. 20 MPa. With the increasing of spray distance of manifold, the pulse frequency is increased firstly with latter decreasing, while the pulsating pressure amplitude is decreased firstly with latter increasing. With the increasing of feedback channel cross-section ratio, the pulse frequency is gradually increased, while the pressure amplitude remains basically unchanged. The diameter change of the eddy current commutation circle has little effect on pulse frequency and pulsating pressure amplitude. The pulse frequency is increased with the increasing of Reynolds number of incoming flow. When Reynolds number is greater than 3. 56 x 105, the frequency basically no longer increases. The amplitude of pulsating pressure is increased with the increasing of Reynolds number of incoming flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure characteristics of air-dissolving device directly affect the gas-liquid mass transfer rate and air-dissolving efficiency in a pressurized dissolution type microbubble generator. Considering the significant role of air-dissolving device, the air-dissolving mechanism, the structure of the air-dissolving device and the evaluation method were systematically presented in this paper. The air-dissolving mechanisms such as, classical mass transfer theory model, the improved classical mass transfer theory model and the eddy current theory model, were briefly introduced. Then, the structure characters and working principles of typical air-dissolving device, such as packing type, jet type, inner cylinder overflow type, spiral-flow type and swirling type, were summarized. After that, the corresponding research methods of the air-dissolving device in practical engineering were systematically presented. All in all, the research of air-dissolving mechanism was still on the way, which only provided guidance for the air-dissolving device design at a macro level. The mass transfer rate was hard to quantitatively characterize when combining the air-dissolving mechanism and air-dissolving device. Thus, more efforts should be made to strengthen the research of universal theoretical model, and promote the coordinated development of air-dissolving mechanism and air-dissolving device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Technology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prepreg is used as the raw material for the preparation of carbon fiber reinforced plastic（CFRP）, and its quality will directly affect the performance of the finished material. Eddy current detection technology is applied to the damage detection of prepreg. Aiming at the problem that the eddy current in the prepreg is small, the damage signal is more likely to be lifted off by the transmit-receive（T-R）probe composed of double circular coils, and the probe is not sensitive to the damage direction detection, we design a rectanglecircular（R-C）probe. In theory, no matter how the probe is lifted off, it will not affect the received signal. Through three-dimensional electromagnetic finite element simulation, the size of the rectangular coil is optimized and the feasibility of the R-C probe is verified. Experimental research shows that compared with the original T-R probe, the lift-off effect of the R-C probe is significantly reduced and it has a good characterization of the fiber bending direction on the prepreg, and it also has a unique characterization method for cracks；but the signal received under the same excitation is smaller than the original probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of eddy currents on diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging(EPI) was investigated for permanent magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) scanner. An automatic eddy currents calibration algorithm was presented， and a compensation method for phase errors caused by residual eddy currents in diffusion-weighted EPI was proposed. The method was tested and validated on a 0.35T permanent magnet MRI scanner.For three different gradient directions after pre-emphasis compensation， the eddy currents reduced to at least 1/15 of that before compensation. The diffusion-weighted EPI images with and without eddy currents compensation were compared. After two times of compensations， the geometric distortion was reduced by 5% and artifacts was reduced by 1/3. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppressed the diffusion-weighted EPI artifacts and distortions caused by eddy currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three new oil passage structures were designed to improve the lubricating and cooling efficiency based on the original one. Gas-liquid phase dynamic characteristics of oil passage were solved by VOF(volume of fluid) method in order to study the effects of lubricant flow rate distribution， oil filling efficiency and oil discharge rate of different oil passage structures. The results showed that the eddy can be avoided by arranging the oil passage holes， and these holes can promote the uniform distribution of the oil flow rate. Among them， the V-shaped oil passage structure was superior to other structures in the aspects such as the distribution of oil flow rate， the overall oil filling efficiency of the friction gaps and the circulation rate of the lubricating oil， which is helpful to improve the lubricating and cooling efficiency， reduce the heat generation，and extend the service life of wet clutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Image & Graphics is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Image & Graphics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting / Haiyang Cehui is the property of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aero-engine turbine blade is a high precision part. Blade surface crack detection belongs to an irregular surface detection, and is a hotspot and difficulty in the field of non-destructive testing. Taking the unique advantage of eddy current testing into account, a simple, practical and effective differential incentive eddy current probe is designed to detect the prefabricated micro-cracks of aero-engine turbine blades. Since the surface curvature of turbine blade varies, the lift-off effect exists inevitably in the detection process. Therefore, the test results of the detection signal contain noise and multiple singular points. In order to ensure that the important information of defect location is not lost, the combination of the mirror extension empirical mode decomposition (EMD) reconstruction and wavelet singularity detection method is used to process the detected micro-crack signals, filter out the influence of several distortion points on non-cracked positions, and achieve an accurate and effective determination of the micro-crack position of turbine blade. The results show that the method can effectively reduce the noise and interference of detection signal, and extract accurately the feature information of crack signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of that magnetic resonant coupling setting system can not work effectively in complex ferromagnetic environment, an analytical expression of eddy current losses of magnetic resonant coupling setting system is derived based on the basic theory of the electromagnetic quasi-static field, and the influence factors of the energy transmission system are analyzed. Numerical simulation and experiment study are conducted on the fuze setting system in different environments. The results show that theoretical analysis results are consistent with the numerical calculation and experimental results. The system is not working properly mainly due to eddy current loss, which is related to the resonant frequency of the system, and the permeability and conductivity of dielectric material. When ferrite bead is added in slot gap of steel media, the fuze setting system can work effectively after 20 ms, and can meet the requirement. The conclusion on magnetic resonant coupling setting system is helpful to engineering design in complex environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aeroelastic response of a square section tall building with 1:6 width to height aspect ratio in atmospheric boundary layer was numerically simulated, using loosely coupled method. In the present study, large eddy simulation technique was adopted with consideration of inflow turbulence. The wind-induced along and across vibration responses were both considered. The present method was verified to be able to accurately predict wind loads on buildings at rest, by comparing large eddy simulation results with rigid model wind tunnel experiment. The simulated wind-induced along and across vibration responses were compared with corresponding aeroelastic model wind tunnel experiments. The comparison results show that the present method is applicable to a certain extent in solving wind-structure- interaction problems. Aeroelastic responses of the building model under high reduced wind velocities were also investigated. Variation of the along-wind and across-wind displacement responses at different reduced wind velocities was analyzed in detail. The aeroelastic response of the building composes of two parts, i.e. the along-wind buffeting induced by inflow turbulence and the across-wind vortex-excited vibration. The along-wind and across-wind displacement responses were small with almost the same amplitude at low reduced wind velocities. With the increase of the reduced velocity, the displacement responses become large and the across-wind vortex-excited vibration becomes dominant, transferring from the beat-phenomena to the vortex-excited resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to make numerical simulations using Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) hybrid method, a third-order hybrid scheme has been proposed on the basis of the traditional third-order upwind-biased scheme. The dissipation of the new hybrid scheme can be adjusted in moderate and higher band of the scaled wave number. Based on the aforementioned works, comparative numerical studies have been made on two RANS/LES hybrid methods, i. e., DES-SA based on the S-A turbulent model and DES-ML based on the mixing length model. The computations choose the low-speed flow around three-dimensional cylinder as an example, while using several difference schemes including the developed third-order scheme. Comparisons have been made between the obtained results and that from references, and discussions have been made about the new hybrid scheme and DES-ML method also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new inflow turbulence generator was applied to simulate three kinds of inflow boundary conditions of turbulent flow field. A new one-equation dynamic subgrid scale (SGS) model was adopted for the present full-scale size large eddy simulations with extremely high Reynolds numbers (10 x 108). The mean pressures, fluctuating pressures and time-histories of the wind forces on the surface of Shenzhen Pingan IFC in the three flow field conditions were calculated based upon the paralleled technology of Fluent 6. 3 software platform under the Linux system. The equivalent static wind loads and wind-induced responses were obtained by the IWL method in frequency domain analysis. The effects of different turbulent flow fields on the wind pressure coefficients, wind forces and wind-induced response were discussed. The wind fields around the Shenzhen Pingan IFC are significantly different under the uniform and turbulence approaching wind flows. The along-wind loads are mainly dependent on the mean wind velocity. The across-wind loads increase with the increase of the turbulence intensity of approaching wind flow. In terms of the turbulence flow defined by Chinese code, the along and cross wind peak accelerations under 10 years return period at the top floor of the Shenzhen Pingan IFC satisfy the comfort requirement for the occupant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbulent flow and heat transfer in a rectangular duct with cross-sectional aspect ratio b/a =2 rotating along its spanwise direction were investigated by large eddy simulation. The unsteady N-S equations were discretized based on the inconsistent fixed scheme (Adams-Bashforth/Crank- Nicholson) with the second-order precision. And the dynamic subgrid-scale model was used to evaluate the Reynolds stresses. The simulations were performed for a Reynolds number of 400, while the Prandtl number (Pr) was assumed to be 0. 71. The rotation number was changed from 0 to 5. The averaged velocity, temperature and turbulent kinetic energy intensity distribution were analyzed in the cross section of the rectangular duct. The results show that the effects of system rotation with different rotating axes have an important influence on the turbulent flow and heat transfer. It is found that the turbulent flow structure is changed obviously near the stable wall and unstable wall at high rotation number. At the same rotation number, the average heat transfer coefficient of the rotation axis paralleling the y axis is greater than that of the rotation axis paralleling the z axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]