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Frequent drought has posed widespread, large-scale and extremely severe impact on the ecological environment under global climate and human activities. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of drought in China. A threshold of -0.5 was chosen to identify drought conditions. A raster was set as the drought state at standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) less than -0.5. The start and end times of drought were varied for each raster within a single event, indicating the dynamic and evolving drought. At the same time, some rasters exited the drought states, while others entering. The contribution rates of drought to rasters were calculated at a given time, in order to capture the dynamic changes in drought. Three perspectives were considered: the extent of drought impact, duration, and severity. The SPEI was then used to assess the drought, in order to introduce the concept of persistent drought rasters. Large-scale and persistent drought events were identified to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution from 1961 to 2020, together with their response mechanisms to the atmospheric circulation. The research findings can be summarized as follows: 1) A total of 47 events occurred between 1961 and 2020. The 1970s witnessed the highest frequency of large-scale persistent drought events, with 10 occurrences, while the 2000s and 2010s each experienced 9 such events. The average duration of these drought events was 7.14 months, with the longest average duration in the 1960s at 11.83 months. The average extent was 28.66%, with the highest average extent index reaching 33.75% in the 2000s.The average severity was -2.86 for the 47 large-scale persistent drought events. Between 1980 and 2010, the average area affected by persistent drought events each decade showed a continuous expanding trend. Between 1970 and 2020, the average duration of persistent drought events each decade was concentrated between 4 to 8 months. 2) Before the 1990s, the lag time of Oceanic Niño Index's impact on spring precipitation was 3 and 9 months. From then on, the ONI's influence on summer and autumn precipitation extended to 6, 9, and 12 months. Once La Niña events occurred, there was the decrease in the spring precipitation, thereby increasing the frequency of spring droughts in China. 3) There was a resonance period of 16-48 months between ONI and SPEI3 during the years 1961-1976, 1980-1988, 1994-2001, and 2006-2020. The ONI index also demonstrated the strongest correlation with SPEI3 in this timeframe. While the WP index exhibited the weakest correlation with SPEI3 during the same periods.The research results help further understand the causes and patterns of drought in China, thereby enhancing the scientific basis and precision of drought prevention and mitigation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of soil erosion, to reveal the contributions of driving factors, to elucidate the impacts of ecological restoration policies, and to provide a scientific basis for the management of soil erosion on the Tibetan Plateau. [Methods] This study assessed the temporal and spatial characteristics of soil erosion by water on the Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2020, and identified the contribution of climatic, anthropogenic and topographic factors to soil erosion by Random Forest Regression. [Results] (1) The average soil erosion rate on the Tibetan Plateau was 305.78 t/km², and more than 80% of the area was slightly erosion during 1990-2020. Soil erosion decreased before 2010 and increased after 2010, showing a nonlinear variation. (2) Climate factors had a greater impact on soil erosion than anthropogenic factors in the Tibetan Plateau, and annual precipitation was the main factor on soil erosion. In addition, since 2010, the influence of anthropogenic factors on soil erosion gradually increased. [Conclusion] Climate factors are the primary driving force inducing soil erosion in the Tibetan Plateau. The ecological restoration policies implemented in the Tibetan Plateau have initially achieved results, but the impact of climate change on soil erosion is more significant. Additionally, Random Forest Regression is effective for exploring the driving factors on soil erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the carbon footprint of agricultural production has been a hot issue in the research on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in China. Based on the statistical data of yield, sown area and agricultural production inputs in 14 wheat-growing provinces from 2015 to 2020, authors calculated the carbon footprint of inputs for wheat life cycle, studied the dynamic changes of carbon footprint of wheat life cycle and analyzed the proportion of carbon footprint for different agricultural inputs, and revealed the change rule of carbon footprint for wheat life cycle and the composition of emission sources. These results can provide a theoretical basis for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction in agricultural production and green low-carbon development. The results showed that the average carbon footprint per unit area and the average carbon footprint per unit yield of wheat life cycle in 14 provinces from 2015 to 2020 were 4315.4 kgCO2eq.ha-1 and 999.4 kgCO2eq.t-1, respectively, which showed a downward trend. The average carbon footprint per unit area and the average carbon footprint per unit yield of wheat life cycle in Shanxi province and Shaanxi province in northern winter (autumn sowing) wheat production region, the Inner Mongolia autonomous region and the Ningxia Hui autonomous region in spring wheat production region, and winter-spring wheat production area (Xinjiang) were higher than the average annual level of the total study regions in this paper. While the average carbon footprint per unit area and the average carbon footprint per unit yield of wheat life cycle in southern winter (autumn sowing) wheat production region (Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei), Heilongjiang province and Gansu province in spring wheat production region and Shandong province and Henan province in northern winter (autumn sowing) wheat production region were lower than the average annual level of the total study regions of this paper. In the carbon footprint structure of wheat life cycle, the average carbon footprint of irrigation electricity, chemical fertilizer, diesel fuel, wheat seed and pesticides accounted for 34.2%, 51.6%, 7.3%, 3.7% and 3.2%, indicating that chemical fertilizer and irrigation electricity were the main sources of agricultural carbon footprint. Chemical fertilizer was the main source of agricultural carbon footprint in Southern winter (autumn sowing) wheat production region (Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Sichuan), with an average proportion of 76.6%, 71.3%, 69.6% and 70.0%, respectively. Therefore, reducing chemical fertilizer input and increasing utilization efficiency were important emission reduction measures in these regions. Meanwhile, irrigation electricity was the main source of agricultural carbon footprint in Hebei province and Shanxi province in northern winter (autumn sowing) wheat production region and winter-spring wheat production region (Xinjiang), with an average proportion of 45.6%, 54.8% and 65.2%. Therefore, promoting the application of water-saving irrigation and developing low-energy-consuming machinery and equipment were important emission reduction measures in these regions. In short, reducing chemical fertilizer input and promoting water-saving irrigation technology to reduce the carbon footprint of wheat life cycle in study regions were effective management measures, and considering regional socio-economic and agricultural conditions of each province, formulating targeted measures to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is the key to promote the green and low-carbon development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on LCA life cycle method and IPCC factor method, an accounting method for product carbon footprint of copper smelting enterprises is proposed. Taking Guixi Smelter as the template, the whole process of copper smelting and the short process of miscellaneous copper smelting as the accounting object, and each production process as the accounting unit, the carbon footprint of the whole process of copper smelting is calculated. The analysis result shows that the carbon footprint of purchased electricity from copper smelting process accounts for 86. 64 %, and the carbon footprint of purchased electricity from recycled copper smelting process accounts for 53. 8%, which is the main contributor to the carbon footprint of copper smelting products* Based on the results of carbon footprint calculation, this paper puts forward the emission reduction link and optimization path of copper smelting enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In China, the status of the environmental court has evolved from a judicial policy to a national policy. However, an academic consensus regarding its ecological impact has yet to be reached, primarily due to the ambiguity surrounding the mechanisms through which it exerts its effects. To address the issue, this study attempts to provide insight into the underlying impact mechanisms contributing to the ecological impact of the environmental court. From the perspective of judicial activism, this study theoretically identified two potential impact paths: government-court collaboration and societal attention towards environmental issues. The first path can be more specifically delineated as' government′s environmental attention' and' government′s regulatory efforts,' while the second path can be further specified as' public attention' and' media attention.' Subsequently, a time-varying difference-in-differences model was utilized to empirically investigate the effects of establishing environmental courts in 135 cities between 2011 and 2020 on emissions of local industrial pollution. Additionally, a causal mediation model was employed to test the hypotheses concerning the impact paths. The empirical results showed that, cities with environmental courts had 11.9% lower industrial pollution emissions compared to cities without such courts, and' government′s regulatory efforts' and' media attention' played important mediating roles in this relationship. These results supported the opinion that the effectiveness of the government′s actions surpassed mere rhetoric and that the role of media discourse outweighed that of individual attention. Heterogeneity analysis further revealed that the amendment of the Environmental Protection Law in 2015 had enhanced the governance effectiveness of environmental courts, with their impact being more pronounced in economically underdeveloped regions. Regarding the impact paths,' government′s regulatory efforts' demonstrated greater stability, while' media attention' exhibited significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity. This study highlights the significance of judicial activism, urging scholars to direct greater attention towards the externality of environmental courts. The policy implication advocates for a moderately expanded territorial reach of environmental courts and an augmentation of public engagement within environmental judiciary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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(1) Background-Realizing coordinated development of ecology and economy has become a new driving force for improving the quality of green economy development and promoting modernization. The existing researches are more inclined to make a single evaluation of the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in a specific period, lack the judgment of the long-term change trend of this relationship and the discussion on the specific issues such as the change of forestry policies and the optimization of forestry systems according to the trend. (2) Methods-The paper first analyzed the rationality and necessity of the coordinated development of high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy. Then, from the perspective of synergy between high-level protection and high-quality development, this paper evaluated the effect of high-level protection of forestry ecology and the level of high-quality development of forestry economy from 2007 to 2021 by using ecological footprint model and entropy method, and identified the types of synergistic relationship between the two through coupling coordination degree model. Finally, the gray prediction model was used to predict and analyze the coupling coordination degree between them. (3) Results-First, from 2007 to 2021, Chinas forestry ecosystem has always been in a state of ecological surplus and strong sustainability, and has achieved positive results in the construction of forestry ecology. Second, the development level of China s forestry economy shows a fluctuating growth trend on the whole from 2007 to 2021. Factor driving force has a significant long-board effect on the high-quality development of forestry economy, while environmental carrying capacity has a significant short-board effect on the high-quality development of forestry economy. The policy of reducing logging and limiting logging, especially the policy of "prohibiting logging", has had a certain impact on the high-quality development of forestry economy in a certain period of time. Third, from 2007 to 2021, the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China continues to improve, and the coupling development effect between the two is better than the coordinated development effect. Fourth, it is predicted that by 2030, the syner-gistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China will maintain an excellent level of coordinated development for a long time. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-The level of high-quality development of China s forestry economy shows a trend of fluctuating growth on the whole. Factor driving force and environmental carrying capacity have significant long-board and short-board effects on the level of high-quality development of forestry economy, respectively. In addition, forest logging reduction and limiting, especially the policy of "forbidden logging", have caused a certain impact on the development of forestry economy in a certain period of time. With the improvement of the level of forestry ecological industrialization, the impact of this kind of impact is gradually alleviated. The synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy continues to improve. It is predicted that by 2030, the synergistic relationship between high-level protection of forestry ecology and high-quality development of forestry economy in China will maintain an excellent level of coordinated development for a long time. In order to achieve overall and balanced development, it is necessary to pay attention to and support the transformation and upgrading of forestry economy and promote the cultivation and development of forestry ecological economy. Under the premise of consolidating the effect of forestry ecological protection, we must adhere to the development concept of green economy, explore the new impetus for the transformation and upgrading of forestry economy, and deepen the practice paths of forestry ecological industrialization innovation, so as to continuously improve the synergistic relationship between forestry ecological protection and forestry economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green construction evaluation system of the Xinyi expressway electromechanical installation, comprising 19 indicators, has been constructed using the IAHP, CRITIC, and grey clustering method. This system was developed based on the Xinyi expressway electromechanical installation project, which involved the use of the IAHP, CRITIC, and grey clustering method. The system was constructed from four aspects: comprehensive management level, resource saving and utilization, construction quality impact, and ecological environment impact. The green construction grade of the electromechanical installation of the selected five bidding sections is evaluated in a comprehensive manner, and the advantages and disadvantages of the selected bidding sections are analyzed using a radar chart method. The research findings indicate that the primary determinants of the green construction evaluation level of the project are the prefabrication rate of component parts, the vegetation restoration rate, and the utilization rate of environmental protection technology. Once the selected bidding section has achieved a higher grade in the green construction evaluation, the monitoring data of the electromechanical installation's green construction meets the requirements of the specification, and the level of green construction is close to the actual production of the project. This proves that the method is scientific and rational and provides a reference for the green construction evaluation of similar electromechanical installation projects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a high overlap between China's ecological protection red line areas and economically underdeveloped areas. In this context, how to better play the positive role of ecological compensation in transforming 'lucid waters and lush mountains' into 'invaluable assets' is the key to promoting regional coordinated development and gradually achieving common prosperity and a practical approach to solving the contradiction between ecological protection red line areas' protection and development. Based on 1 762 field survey data from the ecological protection red line areas in Shandong Province and starting from the triple perspective of material, spiritual, and environmental factors, this study used the ordinary least squares method and the four-stage mediation effect model to empirically explore the promoting effect, channel of action, and heterogeneous impact of ecological compensation on the realization of the common prosperity of local farmers on the basis of a comprehensive measurement of the common prosperity level of farmers in the ecological protection red line areas. The research results showed that: 1 Ecological compensation could effectively promote the common prosperity of farmers in the ecological protection red line areas. After using instrumental variables, controlling the government's execution index, data tail reduction, and recalculating the dependent variables, the results remained robust. 2 From a multi-dimensional perspective, although both 'blood-transfusing' type ecological compensation and 'blood-producing' type ecological compensation could exert a multidimensional effect of enriching the people, the promoting effect of 'blood-producing' type ecological compensation was superior to that of 'blood-transfusing' one in terms of enriching the people materially, morally, and environmentally. 3 The analysis of the channels of action showed that ecological compensation mainly promoted common prosperity among farmers in the ecological protection red line areas by increasing the non-agricultural employment rate of farmers, enhancing their endogenous motivation, and increasing their government trust. 4 Heterogeneity testing found that the promoting effect of ecological compensation on the common prosperity of farmers in the ecological protection red line areas was more prominent in areas with lower levels of economic development, and mainly promoted the common prosperity level of the older generation of farmers. Based on the above research conclusions, in order to enhance the enriching the people effect through ecological compensation, local governments should strive to achieve full coverage of ecological compensation, formulate differentiated compensation standards, expand the types of ecological compensation methods, increase the supply level of 'blood-producing' type compensation, pay attention to the heterogeneity characteristics of farmers and regions, and moderately improve the targeting of ecological compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-energy coupled process linear programming models integrating carbon footprint tracking was established, assessing the overall performance and carbon footprint of multi-energy-coupled refining processes that integrate wind energy, solar energy, biomass, natural gas, and coal-to-hydrogen process. The results indicate that coupling low-carbon energy hydrogen production processes can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of refining products. Among them, the hydrogen production process coupled with solar energy has the best emission reduction effect, with the gasoline carbon footprint (calculated by CO2) reduced to 377.07 kg/t, a reduction of about 30% compared to traditional processes. However, due to the high cost of obtaining low-carbon hydrogen, the overall profits of the three schemes with multi-energy coupled low-carbon hydrogen sources are 9% to 22% lower than traditional energy hydrogen production processes. With the introduction of carbon taxes, the low-carbon advantages of renewable energy gradually become evident. As the costs of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation technologies decrease, multi-energy-coupled processes will demonstrate competitiveness in terms of economic and environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the measurement of the energy ecological footprint of the country and the regions during the period of 1997-2021 by using the net primary productivity model from the perspective of embodied carbon. With the kernel density estimation model being applied to the analysis of dynamic distribution characteristics, which depicts the evolution law of spatial absolute difference, the spatial absolute β convergence and spatial conditional β convergence models were constructed to further explore the spatial convergence of energy ecological footprint. As a result of the study it was showed that the energy ecological footprint China appeared to be a steady ascending trend, and its spatial distribution could be characterized as "higher in coastal regions and lower in inland regions". There was a trend regarding the overall distribution of China's energy ecological footprint, i.e., "the transition from unimodal to multi-modal and the left shift of the major peak of wave", and except for the tendency toward "unimodal" of the energy ecological footprint in the mid-reach of the Yellow River and the mid-reach of the Yangtze River, the energy ecological footprint in other regions showed the characteristics of "the transition from unimodal to bimodal", "the decline of major wave peak height" and "right trailing", it can be seen that the differences among regions showed an expansion tendency. The phenomenon of regional polarization has been intensified since 2003, which among others, the northern and southern coastal regions were the severest, on the contrary, the northeast, southwest and northwest regions were the weakest. For China as a whole and each of the regions, the energy ecological footprint showed a tendency towards spatial conditional convergence and spatial absolute β convergence, and the spatial conditional convergence rate is faster than the spatial absolute convergence rate. The convergence rate is fastest in northeast China region, and slowest in the mid-reach of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, ocean acidification (OA) is escalating at an unprecedented pace, posing a considerable threat to the chemical equilibrium of seawater. This acceleration has the potential to disrupt the marine ecological environment significantly, affecting various organisms. Among these, algae, the primary producers in the ocean, contribute 95% of productivity and play a vital role in material and energy cycling. The increasing acidity in the ocean could alter algae productivity, subsequently impacting material and energy transfer through the marine food web. Such changes may initiate a cascade effect in the food chain, leading to irreversible damage to the entire marine ecosystem. Additionally, algae's heightened sensitivity to environmental changes makes them valuable as "indicator organisms" for monitoring water quality. Therefore, assessing the ecological impact of ocean acidification on algae is crucial for ecological research. This review aims to outline the effects of ocean acidification on the physiological and biochemical processes of algae over recent years. This includes aspects such as photosynthesis, inorganic carbon fixation, growth, calcification, reproduction, as well as metabolic components and microstructure. The review also explores how ocean acidification influences the molecular regulation mechanisms of algae, considering its combined effects with environmental factors and marine pollutants. Furthermore, the article analyzes the limitations of current algae research on ocean acidification and proposes solutions and strategies to address this pressing issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The carbon footprint and carbon storage of wine vineyard under extremely simplified ecological mode were studied to provide basis for understanding carbon sequestration capacity of vineyard ecosystem in Penglai, Shandong. [Method] Wine vineyards in Penglai, Shandong under extremely simplified ecological mode were selected in this study. The carbon footprint of upstream production links, wine grape cultivation links and wine brewing links of three wine vineyards of Italian Riesling, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon were calculated using life cycle assessment method. By establishing an allometric growth model of wine grape plants, the biomass of each organ of wine vineyard plants was calculated, and the carbon storage distribution characteristics were quantified by combining organic carbon contents. [Result] The carbon footprints of Italian Riesling, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon under extremely simplified ecological mode were 3 458.42, 3 354.62 and 3 133.65 kg/hrrT, respectively. The carbon emissions caused by fuel oil were the highest in production activities, accounting for 29.94 %, 30.87 % and 33.04 % of the total carbon emissions in their life cycles, respectively. Electricity input accounted for 29.80%, 25.29% and 24.03%, respectively. The carbon emissions caused by fertilizer input were the lowest, accounting for 8.1 4 %, 8.79 % and 9.58 %, respectively. Through quantitative analysis, the carbon storages of Italian Riesling, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon in Penglai, Shandong were 56.98, 69.52 and 60.96 t/hm², re-spectively. The proportion of soil carbon storage in vineyards was 80.84%-92.09%, and the carbon storage of plants was 4.03%-1 5.52%. [Conclusion] In the whole production process of wine grape, fuel oil and electricity input were the main source of carbon emissions. The carbon storage of vineyards was huge and mainly distributed in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on the ecological footprint model, the per capita water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Fuzhou City from 2012 to 2020 were calculated. The sustainable utilization of water resources in Fuzhou City was analyzed by using the sustainable index of water resources, the water resources ecological footprint per ten-thousand-yuan GDP and the load index of water resources. The results showed that the per capita water resources ecological footprint of Fuzhou City did not change significantly from 2012 to 2020. In 2020, it increased by 1. 5% compared with 2012. Agricultural water resources ecological footprint and industrial water resources ecological footprint were the main types of water resources ecological footprint. In 2020, the per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources decreased by 80. 0% compared with 2012. The ecological surplus of water resources always existed, but it was obviously decreasing. The water resources ecological footprint per ten-thousand-yuan GDP decreased, the utilization rate of water resources in Fuzhou City was increasing. The increase of water resource load index indicates that the water resource utilization potential of Fuzhou City was decreasing, and in some years, it was even necessary to transfer water from other basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tourism is the leading industry of Huangshan. Whether tourism development is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of Huangshan is a theoretical and practical question that needs to be answered urgently. Based on the relevant data of Huangshan from 2000 to 2019, this paper calculated the equivalence factor and yield factor under the “area hectare” year by year, and analyzed the changes of three-dimensional ecological footprint and tourism impact of Huangshan by using the three-dimensional ecological footprint correction model and partial least squares method. The results showed that: (1) The equivalence factor and yield factor under “area hectare” in Huangshan City were quite different from those under “global hectare”, which could reflect the ecological environment of Huangshan more accurately. (2) From 2000 to 2019, the ecological deficit and per capita ecological footprint of Huangshan showed a fluctuating downward trend, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity remained stable at about 0.79 ha·cap-1. (3) The change of the footprint size was gentle, and the natural capital flow occupied by the residents of Huangshan mainly came from cultivated land and forest land. (4) The footprint depth was greater than 1, and it needed about 1.53 times land area in Huangshan in 2019 to meet the needs of residents, showing a fluctuating downward trend as a whole. The footprint depth of cultivated land and grassland was large, and the overdraft of resource stock was serious. (5) Tourism development could alleviate the ecological pressure of Huangshan. The development of tertiary industry, tourism urbanization, the transformation and upgrading of residents' consumption and the adjustment of economic structure were the factors that reduced the ecological footprint of Huangshan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are of great significance to the development of modern society. They have brought great convenience to human life, although safety problems and ecological environmental crises have arisen due to the improper production and overuse of plastics, making people change their countenance when discussing plastic. In this study, an anthropomorphic method was adopted to popularize the classification and precautions of common plastics. Through reviewing the remarkable plastic safety events and causes in recent years, the impact of plastics on the ecological environment was further analyzed. In addition, the scientific methods for solving all current problems were considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture sector is an important contributor of global water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, unreasonable crop cultivation system play negative impact on the ecosystem and food security. The wheat production development of Shache irrigation district in Yarkant river basin, Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 was examined; the characteristics of water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with wheat production were evaluated in terms of water and carbon footprints, and their influencing factors were investigated by correlation analysis method; furthermore, the dynamic relationship between wheat production and environmental impact were explored by means of Tapio decoupling model, so that the potential environmental risk during the wheat production was revealed. The results show that water and carbon footprints of wheat production in Shache irrigation district fluctuate and increase from 1990 to 2020, both of them turn into significant upward trends around 2008(P<0.05); blue water footprint, which means irrigation water consuming, accounts for the largest proportion of water footprint(65%); carbon footprints caused by agricultural inputs and farmland NO2 emissions have the same multi-year average amount, but the former has grown over time; the main factors affecting the changes of water and carbon footprints are agricultural production inputs driven by policies and development demands; among them, the expansion of wheat planting area is significantly related to increase water and carbon footprints, and nitrogen fertilizer application is a major contributor for increasing grey water footprint and carbon footprint; although electricity for irrigation can control the growth of water footprint, but leads to the growth of carbon footprint; according to decoupling indexes between wheat yield and water and carbon footprints, the threat of high-resource consumption and high-environmental cost from wheat production still assignable, and green development faces challenges. Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable development of regional wheat production, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and concentrate on optimizing agricultural practices to alleviate the environmental stress caused by wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological civilization construction is the only way to build a new pattern of harmonious development between humanity and nature. Moreover, it encapsulates the essence of the ecological concept of people ’s livelihood rooted in human well-being. The underlying principle of green development welfare is to enhance the quality of life and happiness brought by improving environmental standards while minimizing ecological loss. This study systematically explained the theoretical mechanism of the impact of the construction of the ecological civilization pilot demonstration zones on green development welfare. Based on panel data from 235 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020, the study used the multi-period difference-in-differences method to empirically test the effects and impact mechanisms of the ecological civilization pilot demonstration zone policy on green development welfare and carried out regional heterogeneity analysis and spatial proximity effect exploration. The study found that: ① The construction of ecological civilization pilot demonstration zones could significantly improve the welfare of green development, and this conclusion remained valid after replacing the sample data, eliminating other policy interference, and conducting a series of robustness tests, such as PSM-DID. ② The construction of eco‑ logical civilization pilot demonstration zones mainly realized the promotion of green development welfare through the three pathways mentioned in their policy planning, namely, the development of green science and technology, the adjustment of industrial structure, and the optimization of spatial pattern. ③ The policy’s effects exhibited regional heterogeneity, proving significant in large-scale cities and eastern and central regions. ④ There was a spatial proximity effect in the pilot policy of ecological civilization, which played a significant role in promoting the improvement of green development welfare in the local and adjacent areas. In view of the above conclusions, this article puts forward policy recommendations from the aspects of technological innovation, structural optimization, interregional coordination, etc., providing theoretical support and practical basis for the sustainable development model aimed at maximizing the benefits of green development within the ecological threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the new situation of "Two Mountains" theory and "Dual Carbon" goals, our country has issued a series of policies and preferential conditions to encourage the preparation of gypsum cementitious materials from industrial by-product gypsum, including calcined gypsum, α high-strength gypsum, mixed phase gypsum, et al. So far, there are few carbon footprint calculation reports on gypsum cementitious materials in China. In this paper, the carbon footprint calculation model of gypsum cementitious materials prepared from industrial by-product gypsum was established based on life cycle assessment method, which was demonstrated through the production of α high-strength gypsum from phosphogypsum. The results show that the carbon footprint in three stages of raw material acquisition, production and transportation of α highstrength gypsum product is 3.95, 288.04 and 14.31 kg CO2 eq/t, respectively, and the total emission is 306.3 kg CO2 eq/t. The carbon emission in production stage is the largest, which is an important segment to reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon emission and save costs. The carbon footprint calculation model established in this paper is applicable to the carbon footprint calculation for calcined gypsum, α high-strength gypsum, anhydrite, mixed phase gypsum, et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have been found at various environment like water body and soil. Microorganisms in the environment can colonize on the surface of microplastics and form biofilms, which makes environmental microplastics a new niche of microorganisms. Influenced by water type and environmental factors, the diversity, species composition and structure of microbial communities on the surface of microplastics are significantly different from free microorganisms in the environment, and can be enriched with potential pathogenic bacteria and potential plastic degrading bacteria, which have a certain impact on the ecological environment. In the formation process of microplastic surface biofilm, a pioneer community dominated by γ -Proteobacteria forms firstly, and then the majority of community becomes α-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteriia finally forms a complex microbial community to adapt environmental conditions. At present, the research on the influencing factors of biofilm formation on the microplastic surface mainly focuses on the physical and chemical properties of microplastics, such as polymer type and particle size of micro plastics, and water environmental conditions where microplastes located. Based on the review of the existing research on biofilm of microplastic in water, this paper puts forward some priority of research suggestions such as to research systematically on the characteristics and formation mechanism of microplastic biofilm and its potential threat to ecological environment and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better reflect the regional sustainable development capacity, we take the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as the research region, and a set of emergy ecological footprint model, which is based on energy flow combined with remote sensing technology, is applied to accurately evaluate the evolution of emergy carrying capacity, emergy ecological footprint and environmental pressure in this region. In addition, we also use the decoupling model and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model to further reveal the impact degree and mechanism of economic growth mode on environmental pressure. Results show that: 1) the environmental pressure of the GBA has tripled over the past 25 years, and the ecological security level has gradually changed from sub-security to slight insecurity on the regional scale. 2) On the urban scale, Zhuhai has the lowest environmental pressure among the 11 cities, and its ecological environment has been kept in the status of security during the study period. While Foshan has a high environmental pressure, and the status of ecological environment has even deteriorated from severe insecurity to extreme insecurity. Besides, the greatest difference of ecological security level is occurred in Huizhou, which has changed from security to slight insecurity. 3) The evolution of ecological security level is closely related to the changes of industrial structure and energy structure, while the relationship with economic growth has experienced a process from weak decoupling to expansive negative decoupling, then to weak decoupling and finally to strong decoupling. It can be seen that the effect of environmental pressure is gradually weakened by economic growth, which is mainly due to the population effect caused by the decline of population density and the technology effect brought by the technological progress. Consequently, the sustainable development level of the GBA can be effectively improved by reasonably controlling the expansion of construction land, vigorously developing science and technology, releasing population pressure, and seeking the maximization of economic, social and ecological benefits in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The ecological environment is affected by greenhouse gases and active nitrogen emitted from paddy fields. The aim of our study was to systematically analyze the carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint and their components of different paddy field rotation patterns in Jiangsu Province. [Methods]According to the survey of new business entities in Jiangsu Province, the carbon and nitrogen footprints and their components of different paddy field rotation patterns in Jiangsu were quantitatively analyzed by using a life-cycle assessment method. [Results]The carbon and nitrogen footprints per unit area of different paddy rotation patterns were in order of rice-wheat rotation(18.22 t·hm-2 and 139.54 kg·hm-2),rice-rape rotation(13.20 t·hm-2 and 101.65 kg·hm-2),rice-green manure rotation(10.20 t·hm-2 and 73.19 kg·hm-2)from high to low. The carbon footprint and nitrogen footprint per unit yield had no significant difference between rotation patterns. There were regional differences in carbon and nitrogen footprints per unit area of different paddy rotation patterns. The carbon and nitrogen footprints per unit area of rice-wheat rotation and nitrogen footprint per unit area of rice-rape rotation were in order of northern, central, southern Jiangsu from high to low. There were no regional differences in carbon footprint per unit area of rice-rape rotation and carbon and nitrogen footprints per unit area of rice-green manure rotation. For the nitrogen footprint per unit yield, the nitrogen footprint per unit yield of rice-wheat rotation was significantly different in different regions, while the carbon footprint per unit yield of rice-wheat rotation, and carbon and nitrogen footprints per unit yield of rice-rape rotation and rice-green manure rotation were not significantly different in different regions. The carbon footprint of different rotation patterns mainly came from CH4 emissions and nitrogen fertilizer input, accounting for 46.6%-50.7% and 23.9%-25.2%,respectively. Ammonia volatilization, nitrogen runoff, nitrogen leaching and nitrogen fertilizer input were the main sources of nitrogen footprint in different rotation patterns, accounting for 52.2%-59.0%,14.6%-20.21%,8.7%-10.8% and 7.8%-7.9%,respectively. [Conclusions]Rice-green manure and rice-rape rotation patterns were the relatively low-carbon and low-nitrogen rotation patterns. From the perspective of food security, rice-wheat rotation pattern was superior to rice-rape rotation and rice-green manure rotation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecological protection and economic development are dialectical and unified relations, and the intensity of natural resources development limits the sustainable development of urban agglomeration economy. To clarify the relationship between natural resource development intensity and economy of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan secondary urban agglomeration, the spatial and temporal characteristics and decoupling state of ecological footprint of Changsha-ZhuzhouXiangtan secondary urban agglomeration from 2009 to 2018 were quantitatively and qualitatively studied by using three-dimensional ecological footprint model, Tapio elastic decoupling model and ArcGIS spatial analysis method. The results show that from 2009 to 2018, the ecological footprint per capita in the study area was experienced an overall "up-down" trend; the ecological footprint per capita was far more than the ecological footprint breadth; the urban footprint depth, breadth and space differences were significant; consuming natural capital stock to promote economic development was the main development model; cultivated land and fossil energy land was the main footprint source. Loudi city was the highest per capita ecological footprint of the city; the relationship between the per capita ecological footprint and economic decoupling was mainly strong decoupling and weak decoupling. The decoupling state between cities was different; urban agglomeration was in the state of slow growth of environmental pressure. The results can provide a useful reference for macro-control of "ecological footprint-economic development" in the secondary urban agglomeration of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background-How to solve the problem of forest farmers' choosing jobs after the implementation of the ecological compensation policies has become the key to realize the sustainable development of ecology and economy in the collective forest regions. (2) Methods-The research data came from the household survey conducted by the collective forest rights system reform monitoring project team in Shaanxi Province from July to August 2018, and 441 valid questionnaires were obtained. The OLS regression, intermediary effect model and propensity score matching method ( PSM) were used to analyze the relationship between ecological compensation policies, forest farmers' livelihood strategies and their income. (3) Results-From the perspective of direct effect, the impact of ecological compensation policies on forest farmers' income was significantly positive at the statistical level of 5%, and this effect was still significant after excluding ecological compensation samples or selecting only poverty-stricken counties as samples. From the perspective of mediating effect, the mediating effects of livelihood non-forestry and livelihood diversification on the impact of the ecological compensation policies on forest farmers' income were significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 15.58% and 19.08% respectively. From the perspective of heterogeneity of income effect, compared with those who did not participate in the policies, the total family forestry income of the forest farmers who participated in the policies decreased by 1544 yuan, but their non-forestry management income increased by 5881 yuan, non-forestry wage income increased by 4225 yuan. This indicated that after the forest farmers participated in the ecological compensation policies of public welfare forests, although they sacrificed part of the forest-land management rights to protect the ecological environment, which reduced their forestry income, they could change their livelihood strategies. The household surplus labor forces could increase their household income through non-forest employment and business activities in the secondary and tertiary industries. (4) Conclusions and Discussions-In order to improve the implementation performance of the ecological compensation policies for public welfare forests, the following policy suggestions are put forward : First, establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for ecological compensation of public welfare forests, regularly monitor the management status of public welfare forests in poverty-stricken regions, and reward and punish them according to the monitoring results, so as to improve the initiative of the forest farmers' policy participation. Second, improve the supporting measures of the ecological compensation policies for public welfare forests and the environment for employment and entrepreneurship in forest areas. At the same time, encourage the forest farmers to rely on public welfare forests resources for employment or entrepreneurship to revitalize forestry resources. Third, strengthen the matching assistance for the forest farmers' livelihood transformation, appropriately guide the forest farmers to develop the forest undergrowth industry, or provide employment for the poor households and create more sources of livelihood for them. Fourth, encourage the transfer of forestland property rights of public welfare forests, guide the forest farmers to transfer the abandoned lands for public welfare forests to those individuals or units with higher management level, so as to promote the rational allocation of forestland resources and rural household labor resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]