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To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the lyotropic liquid crystals on mice skin wounds with 5 Gy γ irradiation, including alleviation of pain, promotion of wound healing and inhibition of bacterial growth. Crystals were prepared with aloe extract to promote wound healing, tea tree oil to inhibit bacterial growth, and lidocaine hydrochloride to relieve pain. Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and poloxamer 407 were used as matrice. The therapeutic effect of the crystals on radiation-induced skin wounds were evaluated based on wound healing rate and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain. Crystals prepared with 0.2 g/mL poloxamer 407 and 0.4 g/mL GMO displayed pronounced viscosity with long residence time on skin when applied topically. The formulation enabled consistent drug release and promoted the rate of wound healing which exceeded 90% within 14 days. The novel multifunctional lyotropic liquid crystal could be efficient in treating skin wounds caused by γ irradiation.

Objective: To compare the characteristics of polysomnography in preschool and school aged children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)., Methods: The clinical data were collected from October 2009 to October 2013 among children monitored in Sleep Medical Center of West China Hospital. Among them, 189 preschool aged (aged 3-5 years) and 211 school aged (aged 6-13 years) children with sleep breathing disorder, and 33 children complained with sleep talking as controls were enrolled and underwent polysomnography. According to apnea hyponea index (AHI), they were classified as primary snoring (AHI<1/h), mild OSAHS (1/h≤AHI<5/h), and moderate/severe OSAHS (AHI≥5/h) and then their sleep architecture was compared among groups., Results: No significant difference was found in sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, the percentage of rapid eye movement stage and N2 stage among groups (P>0.05). In preschool aged children, the percentage of N1 stage in the moderate/severe group was more than other three groups (moderate/severe group vs control group, primary snoring group, mild group: 24.7%±13.7% vs 17.0%±8.7%, 21.7%±12.4%, 20.9%±11.6%, all P<0.05). In school aged children, the percentage of N1 stage in the moderate/severe group was more than the control group (moderate/severe group vs control group: 18.0%±10.4% vs 12.0%±4.8%, P<0.05), the percentage of N3 stage in the moderate/severe group and the mild group were less than the control group (moderate/severe group, mild group vs control group: 28.3%±9.6%, 28.8%±8.8% vs 33.9%±13.0%, both P<0.05). In addition, in preschool and school aged children group, the arouse index in the moderate/severe group was higher than other three groups, the mean oxygen saturation and the lowest oxygen saturation in the moderate/severe group were lower than those of the other three groups, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis suggested that no significant correlation was found between AHI and body mass index (BMI) in preschool children (r=-0.02, P>0.05). However, there was significance in school aged children (r=0.26, P<0.01). In addition, the correlations were significant between AHI and arousal index in preschool and school aged (r=0.42, 0.55, both P<0.01)., Conclusions: The sleep architecture is milder affected by OSAHS in preschool children than in school aged children. The severity is mainly related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. School aged children with OSAHS may be more susceptible to sleep structure disorder and the severity is mainly related to BMI.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of four questionnaires of Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang (SBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in the screening of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)., Methods: A total of 350 consecutive patients (302 males and 48 females, 19-86 years old, average(42.9 ± 11.0) years old) with suspected OSA who underwent an overnight polysomnography (PSG) were recruited into this study. Four questionnaires of Berlin, STOP, SBQ and ESS were completed. Based on the severity of OSA which was determined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the patients were classified into four groups of primary snoring (<5 events/h), mild (5-<15 events/h), moderate (15-<30 events/h) and severe OSA (≥ 30 events/h). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of four questionnaires were calculated., Results: Using mild-moderate-severe (≥ 5 events/h), moderate-severe (≥ 15 events/h), and severe (≥ 30 events/h) OSA as cutoffs, SBQ had the highest sensitivity (94%, 94% and 95%, respectively). Berlin Questionnaire had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.784, 0.732, and 0.771, respectively). ESS had the lowest sensitivity (43%, 45% and 48%, respectively)., Conclusions: Compared to the PSG, SBQ questionnaire has the highest sensitivity, but lower specificity; in contrast, Berlin questionnaire may have better accuracy.

This study seeks to explore the early signs of cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). According to polysomnography, twenty patients diagnosed with OSAHS and twenty normal controls underwent event-related potential (ERP) examination including mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300. Compared with normal controls, OSAHS patients showed significantly prolonged latency of MMN and P300 at Cz. After controlling age and body mass index (BMI), MMN latency positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen reduction index, stage N1 sleep and arousal index, while MMN latency negatively correlated with stage N3 sleep and mean blood oxygen saturation; and P300 latency positively related to AHI and oxygen reduction index; no relationships were found among MMN latency, MMN amplitude, P300 latency and P300 amplitude. These results suggest that the brain function of automatic processing and controlled processing aere impaired in OSAHS patients, and these dysfunction are correlated with nocturnal repeatedly hypoxemia and sleep structure disturbance.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on daytime sleepiness in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)., Methods: Retrospective evaluations were performed for 70 consecutive patients at the medical sleep center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2013 to October 2013. They were all diagnosed with severe OSAS and underwent overnight CPAP titration. Their mean age and body mass index (BMI) were (42.7 ± 8.4) years and (29.2 ± 4.2) kg/m(2) respectively. The sleep structure, hypoxia and objective sleepiness was compared between baseline and CPAP titration. And correspondence analysis was performed between multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and other sleep and expiratory parameters., Results: Comparing to the baseline polysomnogram (PSG) levels, CPAP titration significantly decreased apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ((4.4 ± 2.7) vs (67.7 ± 18.9)/h), significantly shortened the longest apnea time (24.0 (16.5, 29.6) vs 61.3(51.0, 74.8) s) and raised the lowest oxygen saturation ((84.8 ± 8.8)% vs (54.4 ± 18.7)%).Furthermore, the percentage of stage 3 (N3%) (18.2(12.5, 25.6)% vs 2.4 (0.1, 8.2)%), the percentage of stage rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (REM%) ((22.3 ± 7.7)% vs (12.7 ± 5.8)%) and sleep perception improved significantly (89.1(88.3, 91.2)% vs 82.7(82.7, 87.0)%, all P < 0.05).Furthermore, CPAP also significantly improved their mean sleep latency of multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) ((8.5 ± 3.8) vs (4.8 ± 2.3) min, P < 0.05); the mean sleep latency of MSLT was negatively correlated with AHI, the percentage of stage 1 (N1%) and the longest apnea (r = -0.501,-0.308,-0.309,-0.501, all P < 0.01); but positively correlated with REM%, N3%, mean oxygen saturation and minimal oxygen saturation during CPAP titration (r = 0.235,0.394,0.398,0.440, all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CPAP significantly improves nocturnal oxygen desaturation, sleep architecture and objective sleepiness in patients with severe OSAS.