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Background and objective Some operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have poor prognosis shortly after the surgery. D-dimer (DD) is an independent prognosis factor of lung cancer, especially for inoperable patients. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the pre-operative plasma DD level could predict the poor prognosis shortly after the surgery in operable NSCLC patients. Methods The pre-operative plasma DD level of 56 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients without metastasis was examined. All the patients had been followed for one year post-operatively and the end-point was the occurrence of the poor prognosis incident including any sign of the metastasis, local recurrence or death related with the lung cancer. Difference of prognosis according to pre-operative plasma DD level was compared by Chi-square test. Diseases progress was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results Among 56 NSCLC patients, 91% had received the curative resections (44 lobectomy and 7 pneumonectomy). There were still 2 cases of the wedge resection and 3 cases of the exploration. The median of the pre-operative plasma DD level was 1.05 (0.55) mg/L. The patients were allocated into two subgroups by the median of the DD levels. There were 11 patients with poor prognosis within one year after the resection in the high DD subgroup, while 3 patients in the low DD subgroup (P=0.03, OR=4.89, 95%CI: 1.2-20.1). The diseases progress curves were significantly different between the high and low subgroups (P=0.024). Based on plasma DD level, the poor prognosis incident within one year after the surgery was best predicted in the early stage (I, II) of the NSCLC, especially in adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion The pre-operative plasma DD levels may predict the poor prognosis within one year after the surgery in NSCLC. The measurement of the fibrinolysis marker may help to exclude the unfit patients for the surgery.