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The distribution of lignin in forage was discussed in detail, the in vitro digestion of forage was analyzed, and the preparation methods of lignin was summarized. A new technical idea of enrichment of herbivorous animal excrement, purification of lignin and preparation of oxygen pressure leaching dispersant was put forward. By using herbivorous animals to digest, decompose and absorb nutrients such as protein, fat, starch and crude fiber in plants, lignin remains in the excrement and natural enrichment of lignin was realized. Lignosulfonate was prepared from herbivorous animal excrement, which increases the unit output of lignosulfonate and reduces the processing cost. This technology combines the characteristics of smelting enterprises and grassland ecology, makes full use of local grassland grass and herbivorous animal excrement to provide raw materials for preparing lignin for zinc oxygen pressure leaching, and forms a characteristic process combining plant-animal-zinc smelting in multiple fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a dispersant and combined with ultrasonic technology to disperse multi walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). A water-based dispersion of MWCNTs was prepared, and it was used as a doping phase to prepare fly ash concrete. The influence of multi walled carbon nanotube content on the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash concrete was studied through TEM, XRD, SEM, FT-1R, mechanical performance testing and rapid freeze-thaw experiments. The results indicated that PVP combined with ultrasonic technology could effectively disperse MWCNTs, and the addition of MWCNTs to fly ash concrete could accelerate the cement hydration reaction and increase the generation of hydration products such as C-S-H and Ca(OH)2. Moderate doping of MWCNTs could refine the internal pore structure of cement, reduce the number of cracks and large-sized pores, and transform the failure mode of fly ash concrete from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The peak load and deformation of the MWCNTs-0.3 % specimen reached their maximum values, which were 41.6 kN and 2.92 mm, respectively. The compressive strength and flexural strength reached their maximum values, which were 60.5 and 11.2 MPa, respectively. After 100 rapid freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of the MWCNTs-0.3 % sample was the lowest value of 0.271 %, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 84.34%, indicating a significant improvement in frost resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Enhancing the heat transfer performance of heat transfer media is an effective means of efficiently exploiting geothermal resources. Numerous studies have shown that the addition of nanoscale metals or metal oxides to fluids can effectively improve the heat transfer capacity of the fluid. The physical parameters that can impact the heat transfer performance of nanofluids are type, mass fraction, size of the nanoparticle, dispersant mass fraction. Additionally, the flow rate can have an important effect on the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. Methods In this study, spherical nano-CuO and spherical nano-Al2O3 were used as nanomaterials for configuring nanofluids. The particle size of nanomaterials ranges from 20 nm to 50 nm. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was selected as the dispersant for configuring the nanofluids. Basic heat transfer experiments are performed on nanofluids by utilizing a self-constructed basic heat transfer experimental setup. The physical parameters of the nanofluids were also optimized. In addition, a self-designed experimental setup for recirculating heat exchange was established. This experimental system uses geothermal water from hydrothermal geothermal wells as the heat source. The experimental system was also utilized for field testing in a hydrothermal-type geothermal well in Yingshan County, Hubei Province. The preferred nanofluid and deionized water from the basic heat transfer experiments were subjected to on-site circulating heat transfer experiments. Comparison of the circulating heat transfer performance of nanofluids and water under actual heat source conditions in the field. The effect of the flow rate on the heat transfer performance of nanofluids and water under real heat source boundary conditions in the field is also discussed. Results The results show that (1) the heat transfer performance of CuO nanofluids is better than that of Al2O3 nanofluids. (2) There is a negative correlation between the heat transfer performance of nanofluids and the nanoparticle mass fraction. (3) The nanofluid warming efficiency was highest at a 1% mass fraction of CuO nanoparticles. The nanofluid temperature increased from 25 ℃ to 79.2 ℃ in 150 s. The nanofluid temperature increased by 4.1 ℃ more than that of deionized water in the same amount of time. Moreover, the wettability of the nanofluid-heat source interface decreases with increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. The heat transfer performance of nanofluids increases and then decreases with increasing particle size. The best heat transfer performance of the nanofluid was achieved when the nanoparticle size was 40 nm. (4) The heat transfer performance of nanofluids is negatively correlated with the dispersant mass fraction. The best heat transfer performance of the nanofluid was achieved when the dispersant mass fraction was 1%. (5) The heat transfer performance of the nanofluid is negatively correlated with the flow rate when the fluid is in laminar flow. The motion of nanoparticles is progressively more intense when the fluid is in a turbulent state. This phenomenon can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. Conclusion The research results can provide a basis for the application of nanofluids in geothermal heat transfer to improve the heat transfer efficiency of geothermal systems. It also provides theoretical references for the selection of nanofluid parameters as well as fluid flow rate parameters applied to geothermal heat transfer.

Purposes The strain tolerance of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) thermal barrier coating prepared by conventional atmospheric plasma spraying is low. Methods With suspension plasma spraying (SPS), BMT suspensions with different compositions are prepared by mechanical ball grinding with ethanol as the dispersion medium and polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersants. The dispersion behavior of BMT suspension was studied through gravity sedimentation observation method, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and Zeta potentiometry. The effects of dispersant type and content on the stability of BMT suspension were analyzed. The BMT coating was deposited by SPS, and the phase structure, surface morphology, and cross-section microstructure of the BMT coating were characterized and analyzed. Findings The results show that the adsorption of the dispersant PEI on the surface of the BMT particles improves their Zeta potential, enhances the repulsive force between particles, and provides a steric hindrance, which results the better dispersion of BMT suspension with PEI dispersant than that with PAA and PEG. In addition, the BMT suspension with PEI has a low viscosity (1.5-2 mPa·s), making it appropriate for SPS. The coating prepared by SPS essentially preserves the BMT phase structure, and shows a clear columnar-crystal microstructure. With the increases of the solid content in the suspension, the deposition efficiency of the BMT coating increase, and the volume of columnar crystals formed becomes larger, which conforms to the microstructural characteristics of high strain tolerance coatings.

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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High viscosity heavy oil invasion in the Tahe block have caused serious damage to the properties of the drilling fluids. To deal with this problem, the key properties of the Tahe heavy oils and those of the typical poor quality heavy oils were compared, and the change of the viscosity of the Tahe heavy oil asphaltenes in toluene solution with the concentration of the heavy oils was studied. It was found that the high viscosity of the Tahe heavy oils comes from high asphaltene content and high aromaticity. Based on this finding, two programs were prepared; one is, at the time when there is only slight heavy oil invasion, a compound additive containing appropriate dispersants and aromatic fraction can be added into the contaminated drilling fluid to disperse the heavy oils. This treatment has been best done in the 5# drilling fluid. In drilling the well TH121155X, the dispersity of the heavy oils in the solids-free drilling fluid was more than 99%. The other treatment involves the contamination of drilling fluids by large amount of heavy oils. In this treatment the heavy oils are wrapped up by wrapping agents and therefore lose their adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the wrapped heavy oils on the surfaces of the drilling tools is minimized and the heavy oils can thus be effectively and efficiently separated out by the shale shakers. Study results show that wrapping agent BGJ-2-4 has good wrapping capacity for the treatment of heavy oils found in the well TH12471H, and the adhesion rate on the walls of mud tanks is only 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A large amount of pulverized coal is easy to be produced in the process of hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoir. The accumulation and settlement of pulverized coal will cause serious blockage to the fractures formed by fracturing, and reduce the permeability and conductivity of fractures and affect the effect of fracturing stimulation of coalbed methane wells. Therefore, a new type of coal powder dispersant MFFS-2 was developed through a large number of laboratory experiments and combined with the reservoir characteristics of the target CBM block, and its comprehensive performance was evaluated. The experimental results show that when the mass concentration of MFFS-2 reaches 0.3%, the surface tension of water solution can be reduced to less than 25 mN/m, and the contact angle of coal surface can be reduced from 115.3° to less than 60° with good surface activity and wettability; when the suspension of coal powder is standing for 10 hours, the suspension rate of coal powder can reach more than 30% with the addition of 0.3% MFFS-2. When 0.3% MFFS-2 solution is used to displace for 2 hours, the yield of pulverized coal can reach more than 60%, which indicates that MFFS-2 has good suspension dispersion and carrying effect on pulverized coal; in addition, the damage rate of MFFS-2 to the matrix permeability of block coal core in the target area is less than 10%, and the damage degree of fracturing fluid system to the permeability of coal core is reduced after adding MFFS-2 into the active hydraulic fracturing fluid. The field fracturing operation results of coalbed methane well show that the fracturing operation of S-1 well is smooth after adding new coal powder dispersant MFFS-2, a large amount of coal powder is carried out in the backflow fluid, and the gas production is high, which achieves the expected fracturing effect. Moreover, the construction effect of the new active hydraulic fracturing fluid in the same block is significantly better than that of the conventional active hydraulic fracturing fluid.

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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For enhancing the physical properties of water-based acrylic resin coating, a green modified water-based nano-alumina dispersion was successfully prepared by regulating mass fraction of anti-sedimentation dispersant under the condition of ultrasonication. Subsequently, the water-based nano alumina dispersion was characterized, and the physical properties of commercial water-based acrylic resin composite coating mixed with the dispersion were tested. Results showed that under the conditions of a dispersant mass fraction of 0.50% and an ultrasonic dispersion time of 0.5 h, the storage stability time of the prepared water-based nano-alumina dispersion was greater than 90 d. Besides, after adding 4%(mass fraction) water-based nano-alumina dispersion to commercially available water-based acrylic resin coatings, the wear-resistant rotation number of the as-obtained coating increased from less than 5 r to more than 15 r, and the scratch resistance load increased from 1.10 kg to 2.00 kg.

A modfied polyisobutylene succinimide T154) asphaltene dispersant was prepared by modifying PIBSA with hexyl hexanol, and was applied to the preparation of FCC slurry scale inhibitor. The effects of modification temperature, modification time and material mass ratio on asphaltene dispersion and scale inhibitor on FCC slurry were investigated. The results showed that when the modification temperature was 240 °C, the modification time was 4 h,and the mass ratio of polyisobutylene succinimide m) to hexyl hexanol m) was 1u 1,the dispersion performance was better than polyisobutylene succinimide. The product had exceHent thermal stability; when the dosage of scale inhibitor was 150 g/g, the scale inhibition rate was 91.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The iron grade of a iron concentrate in Sichuan is 64.56%, and the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 is 5.50% and 2.01% respectively. Material composition research shows that iron minerals are mainly in the form of magnetic iron. The process of stage grinding and magnetic separation which added dispersant H01 in regrinding is carried out to increase iron grade and reduce silicon content. Finally, the super iron concentrate with iron grade 72.11%, SiO2 content 0.20%, Al2O3 content 0.16%, acid insoluble content 0.28%, and the iron recovery is 92.72%.

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Ethylene glycol-based carbon black slurry is prepared by ultra-fine dispersion method, and the influence of mass ratio of dispersant to carbon black, grinding time and rotation speed on carbon black particle size is clarified by single-factor variable method. Ethylene glycol-based carbon black slurry is prepared by orthogonal experiment optimization of carbon black dispersion process, and the morphological structure and dispersion status of carbon black in ethylene glycol solution are observed. The results show that when the mass ratio of dispersant to carbon black is 1:10, the grinding time is 180 min and the rotational speed is 3500 r/min, the dispersion effect of carbon black is the best, and the average particle size is 170. 89 nm. The centrifugal stability in ethylene glycol solution is more than 90%, the heat resistance stability is more than 90%, and it has excellent storage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a Pickering emulsion, the solid particle emulsifier is absorbed at the interface between oil and water, forming a stable interfacial film to prevent the coalescence of water droplets. This property can be used to improve the stability of oil based drilling fluids. However, in studies on the oil based drilling fluids based on Pickering emulsion, the interaction between a water droplet in the oil phase and an inorganic hydrophilic particle has been omitted; the effects of inorganic particles added to an oil based drilling fluid, such as calcium hydroxide, weighting agents and the drilled cuttings, on the existence of the water droplets in the emulsion are not considered. In laboratory study, calcium hydroxide, barite and kaolinite particles of different hydrating capacities were added into a W/O Pickering emulsion. Macro sedimentation experiment and microscope observation with microscopic images have proved that the water droplets are combined with the solid particles, existing in a form of bound water. This explains the aggregation of the solid particles. The bound water was characterized with laser confocal microscope and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The solid particles with bound water can be dispersed by treating the system with a dispersant, in this way the stability of the drilling fluid can be improved. An oil based drilling fluid based on W/O Pickering emulsion is not a water-in-oil (W/O) drilling fluid, it is, however, a system in which the bound water droplets are moderately dispersed into an oil phase. In addition, low temperature constant rheology can be achieved by adjusting the rheology of a low density oil based drilling fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids can be a new type of heat transfer medium with the high thermal conductivity. Particularly, the traditional heat transfer media cannot fully meet the growing needs of thermal management in the electronic devices in various fields. Among them, the stability is a key factor for the wide application of nanofluids. In order to obtain more stable nanofluids, the dispersants were first screened, and then the stability of the Carbon NanoTube (CNT) nanofluids with the selected dispersant was optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). CNT nanofluids were prepared by the two-step method. The comprehensive evaluation index was used to compare the effects of four surfactants on the stability and thermal conductivity of CNT nanofluids. The stability evaluation included the particle size potential and absorbance method. Taking the particle size as the evaluation index, three influencing factors were selected as the mass fraction, ultrasonic oscillation time, and placement of CNT nanofluids. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken test was designed to optimize the parameters. The RSM was used to investigate the effects of various factors on the interaction of nanofluid stability. The results show that compared with the rest dispersants, the CNTs nanofluids with the DB dispersant presented the smallest particle size, the highest absorbance, the highest thermal conductivity, and the best comprehensive performance, when the ratio of carbon tube to dispersant was 1:2. Therefore, the DB dispersant was selected to evaluate the performance of CNTs nanofluids. A RSM model was established to accurately describe the particle size of CNT nanofluids using the Box-Behnken experimental design. At the same time, the quadratic polynomial regression equation was obtained for the response value particle size (Y) with the mass fraction of CNT nanofluids (X1), ultrasonic oscillation time (X2), and storage time (X3). The quadratic polynomial mathematical model was established by the experimental data. There was the highly significant (P<0.0001) with the correlation coefficient R²=0.964 4, indicating an excellent fit between the predicted and the actual value. It infers that there was an excellent consistency between the model and the experimental data. An optimal combination of factors was achieved for the stability of CNT nanofluids using the quadratic regression model, where the mass fraction of CNT nanofluids was 0.27%, the ultrasonic time was 83.45 min, and the standing time was 8 h. In this case, the average particle size was 121.58 nm, and there was a 0.016% error with the predicted value of 120.60 nm. Therefore, this improved model was feasible to optimize the stability of CNT nanofluids. The actual value was close to the predicted value. There was a certain reference value for a theoretical and experimental basis, in order to improve the stability of nanofluids. Response surface test also revealed that the ultrasonic oscillation time and placement time can be selected to improve the stability in the subsequent preparation of nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to explore the application of new comb-type fluorine-containing polymer surfactants in the development of nitrosulfonone suspension concentrate, 25% nitrosulfonone suspension concentrates with different dispersants were prepared by taking such surfactants b1 and b9 as dispersants and commercial dispersant YUS-FS3000 as control. The physicochemical properties such as suspensibility, nominal size, dispersibility in water, and stability, biological activity in a greenhouse, and the effect of the addition amount of dispersant b1 on the above properties were measured respectively. The results showed that the active ingredient content was 25.52%-26.98% under the three conditions of 54 ℃, 0 ℃, and -18 ℃ for 14 days, which was qualified under the three conditions. At the same time, the suspensibility was higher than 98.0% under three storage conditions, and the suspension concentrate prepared by b1 was better than that by YUS-FS3000 as dispersant. Even if the addition amount (mass fraction) of b1 was 2%, the active ingredient content was between 25.62% and 26.01% after being stored for 14 days under three conditions. At the same time, the suspensibility was higher than 99.0% under three storage conditions. The GR50 (50% growth reduction) values of 25% mesotrione aqueous suspension concentrate prepared by these three dispersants on Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv were 29.03 (YUS-FS3000), 15.70 (b1) and 10.19 (b9) g (a.i.)/hm², respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iron grade of a iron concentrate in Sichuan is 64.56%, and the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 is 5.50% and 2.01% respectively. Material composition research shows that iron minerals are mainly in the form of magnetic iron. The process of stage grinding and magnetic separation which added dispersant H01 in regrinding is carried out to increase iron grade and reduce silicon content. Finally, the super iron concentrate with iron grade 72.11%, SiO2 content 0.20%, Al2O3 content 0.16%, acid insoluble content 0.28%, and the iron recovery is 92.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Graphene is often used in lubricating oil to improve the lubricating properties of the oil, but it is highly prone to agglom-erate in the oil, and requires dispersants to inhibit agglomeration. The molecular behavior between graphene, dispersant and lubricant can reveal the dispersion mechanism, lubrication mechanism and synergistic effect. The non-toxic and harmless span60 was used as a dispersant, and the changes in lubricating properties of graphene lubricants before and after adding span60 were studied based on mo-lecular dynamics, a structural model of silicon nitride-lubricant-bearing steel layer was established, the effect of content ratio of span60 to graphene, operating temperature, pressure and shear speed on the adsorption energy of lubricant film on the surface of friction sub-strate, shear stress and the thickness of the solid film formed were analyzed, and verified by experiments. The results show that syner-gistic effect of dispersant span60 and graphene in the lubricant improve the lubricating ability of the lubricant on the surface of Si3 N4 -GCr15 friction subsets. The best lubrication effect is achieved when the span60/graphene mass ratio is 7: 1. When the tempera-ture is 373 K, the pressure is 102 MPa and the shear speed is 25 m/s, the lubricating performance of lubricating oil is the best. The addition of appropriate amount of span60 can effectively solve the agglomeration problem of graphene in lubricant, and the synergistic effect between graphene, dispersant and lubricant is influenced by temperature, pressure and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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o study the dispersion and stability of nano TiO2 particles in water. The water dispersion properties of nano-TiO2 under the synergistic action of pH regulator [ NaOH, ammonia water solution,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) ] and dispersant [ sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium polyacry-late (PAAS) ] were studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Zeta potentiometer were used to characterize the dispersion and stability, respectively. The results show that the combination of NaOH and SHMP has the best dispersion effect on nano-TiO2 when the pH is 10,and the height h measured by AFM is 2.78 nm. The dispersion stability of nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersion system combined with AMP-95 and PAAS is the best,8 = -50. 337 mV. The synergistic effect of pH regulator and dispersant was obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fulvic acid, derived from humic acid, is widely used in foliar fertilizers and functional watersoluble fertilizers at present. Based on its natural properties and structural characteristics, this study used avermectin as a model pesticide to evaluate the feasibility of potassium fulvic acid as a dispersant in the preparation of pesticide suspension concentrate (SC). Wet grinding was adopted during the preparation of abamectin 100 SC with fulvicacidpotassium as dispersant. The grinding efficiency and the stability, under the condition of cold, hot or normal temperature storage, of the preparation were considered as the main indexes to screen the dispersant, wetting agent, thickening agent and other auxiliary agents. The results indicated that in the optimal formula of SC, the mass fraction of fulvic acid potassium addition as dispersant was 3%, the mass fraction of OP-10 as wetting agent was 1%, thickening agent xanthan gum and magnesium aluminosilicate were 0.15% and 0.5%, respectively, the mass fraction of citric acid as pH regulatorcitric acidaddition was 0.02%, and the mass fraction of X60 as defoamer was 0.1%. Among them, fineness (75 μm) > 99%, cold and heat storage stability were qualified. The results from biological activity shown that, when the dosage of abamectin was 0.1 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L, the toxicity of the preparation against southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was at the same level with the commercial abamectin SC. In conclusion, fulvic acid potassium can be used as dispersant to prepare abamectin SC with good properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite has excellent biocompatibility, biological activity, and modifiability, but the synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite has a high specific surface energy, which makes it agglomerate in solution. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ultrasound and different dispersants on the aggregation, cytotoxicity and intracellular distribution of nanohydroxyapatite. METHODS: Needle like nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared by chemical precipitation method, and kept for further use after high pressure sterilization. Different concentrations of dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L), sodium citrate (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L), sodium polymethacrylate (0%, 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%) were co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The appropriate concentration of dispersant was screened for subsequent experiments. The nano-hydroxyapatite solution was divided into five groups: the control group was not dispersed; and the remaining four groups were subjected to ultrasonic dispersant, 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate dispersant, and 0.125% sodium polymethacrylate dispersant. The aggregate size of nano-hydroxyapatite was detected. The hydroxyapatite was treated with ultrasound, 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate, and 0.125% sodium polyacrylate dispersants and then co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells. Undispersed nano-hydroxyapatite co-cultured with MC3T3E1 cells was considered as control. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. At 1 day after culture, the distribution of nano-hydroxyapatite was observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Sodium hexametaphosphate at a concentration of 1 mmol/L and lower had no obvious cytotoxicity. Sodium citrate at 0.25- 2 mmol/L had no obvious cytotoxicity. Sodium polymethacrylate at different concentrations had certain cytotoxicity in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Subsequent experiments selected 1 mmol/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 1 mmol/L sodium citrate, and 0.125% sodium polyacrylate for dispersion treatment. (2) All three dispersants significantly reduced the agglomeration size of nano-hydroxyapatite, and sodium hexametaphosphate had the best dispersion effect. (3) The dispersion method and the addition of dispersant could significantly affect the biological function of nano-hydroxyapatite. Sodium citrate promoted the proliferation of cells co-cultured with nano-hydroxyapatite. Ultrasound and sodium polymethacrylate inhibited proliferation of cells cocultured with nano-hydroxyapatite. (4) Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the control group and the ultrasound group, large agglomerates of nano-hydroxyapatite existed inside and outside the cell; the nano-hydroxyapatite dispersed by the three dispersants also had agglomeration, but the size of the agglomeration was significantly smaller. Among them, the nano-aggregation size of the sodium hexametaphosphate group was the smallest. Some nanoparticles were wrapped in a double-layer membrane in the cell to form a structure similar to “small vacuoles”. (5) The results show that the commonly used dispersants themselves have certain cytotoxicity, and the addition of dispersants will significantly reduce the agglomeration size of nano-hydroxyapatite and its intracellular distribution, and affect cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite dispersant was selected to prepare low-viscosity ceramic slurry, and the thick-walled (>3 mm) SiO2 hollow hexagonal ceramic part was prepared by the self-developed ceramic 3D printer and DLP (digital light processing) process. The accuracy of the green body was all within 50 pm in three dimensional directions. The thermal decomposition process of 3D printing ceramic green bodies in air atmosphere or argon atmosphere was analyzed, and the influence of atmosphere on the degreasing and sintering of thick-walled (>3 mm) SiO2 ceramic parts was analyzed. The process of rapid degreasing and sintering of thick-walled (>3 mm) 3D printing SiO2 ceramic body was analyzed by SEM. The argon atmosphere is conducive to the rapid degreasing and sintering of the thick-walled SiO2 ceramics. The thick-walled (> 3 mm) SiO2 ceramic part was prepared rapidly by controlling the gas flow in argon atmosphere. The period of degreasing and sintering is greatly shortened to 21.8 h. Compared with the preparation period of the slurry and its process imported from a foreign company (The preparation period of the company's slurry and process to prepare the same product is 283 h), it is shortened by 92.3%. And it is more than 82% shorter than the preparation period of the SiO2 ceramic hollow blade prepared by the same process in public reports, which reflects the advantages of 3D printing formless rapid prototyping technology, and has great significance for the practical application of SiO2 ceramic 3D printing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technology is widely used in the manufacturing of fine ceramic fields due to its simple operation, rapid molding, and applications in preparation of complex structures. In this paper, the characteristics of different 3D printing technologies in ceramic preparation were reviewed based on the material morphology of 3D printing ceramics. The application and mechanism of binder and dispersant applied in direct ink writing, stereolithography and inkjet printing 3D printing technology of ceramics were introduced, and these additive components of water based and non-water based were summarized and discussed, aiming to provide reference for the preparation of high-performance ceramic samples via 3D printing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoparticles adding into the Lithium Bromide (LiBr) aqueous solution can fairly influence on the surface tension of LiBr solution, and then enhance its heat and mass transfer performance. The influence of temperature, solution concentration, dispersant (Gum arabic) and CuO nanoparticles addition on the surface tension of LiBr aqueous solution was analyzed by the Wilhelray plate method. The results showed that the surface tension of the LiBr aqueous solution increases with increasing concentration of the solution and nanoparticles, and decreases with the increasing temperature and the amount of gum arabic. However, there is an optimal value for the amount of dispersant, as the surface tension of LiBr aqueous solution approaches a stable value once the optimal value of dispersant amount is reached, and the surface tension of stable nano LiBr solution is affected by the coupled effect of dispersant and CuO nanoparticles. A semi empirical model of the surface tension for stable nano LiBr solution was fitted in the range of solution temperature 25 60 QC, solution concentration 50% 59%, dispersant mass fraction 0 5%, and nanoparticles mass fraction 0 0. 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]