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A large amount of pulverized coal is easy to be produced in the process of hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoir. The accumulation and settlement of pulverized coal will cause serious blockage to the fractures formed by fracturing, and reduce the permeability and conductivity of fractures and affect the effect of fracturing stimulation of coalbed methane wells. Therefore, a new type of coal powder dispersant MFFS-2 was developed through a large number of laboratory experiments and combined with the reservoir characteristics of the target CBM block, and its comprehensive performance was evaluated. The experimental results show that when the mass concentration of MFFS-2 reaches 0.3%, the surface tension of water solution can be reduced to less than 25 mN/m, and the contact angle of coal surface can be reduced from 115.3° to less than 60° with good surface activity and wettability; when the suspension of coal powder is standing for 10 hours, the suspension rate of coal powder can reach more than 30% with the addition of 0.3% MFFS-2. When 0.3% MFFS-2 solution is used to displace for 2 hours, the yield of pulverized coal can reach more than 60%, which indicates that MFFS-2 has good suspension dispersion and carrying effect on pulverized coal; in addition, the damage rate of MFFS-2 to the matrix permeability of block coal core in the target area is less than 10%, and the damage degree of fracturing fluid system to the permeability of coal core is reduced after adding MFFS-2 into the active hydraulic fracturing fluid. The field fracturing operation results of coalbed methane well show that the fracturing operation of S-1 well is smooth after adding new coal powder dispersant MFFS-2, a large amount of coal powder is carried out in the backflow fluid, and the gas production is high, which achieves the expected fracturing effect. Moreover, the construction effect of the new active hydraulic fracturing fluid in the same block is significantly better than that of the conventional active hydraulic fracturing fluid.

Fulvic acid, derived from humic acid, is widely used in foliar fertilizers and functional watersoluble fertilizers at present. Based on its natural properties and structural characteristics, this study used avermectin as a model pesticide to evaluate the feasibility of potassium fulvic acid as a dispersant in the preparation of pesticide suspension concentrate (SC). Wet grinding was adopted during the preparation of abamectin 100 SC with fulvicacidpotassium as dispersant. The grinding efficiency and the stability, under the condition of cold, hot or normal temperature storage, of the preparation were considered as the main indexes to screen the dispersant, wetting agent, thickening agent and other auxiliary agents. The results indicated that in the optimal formula of SC, the mass fraction of fulvic acid potassium addition as dispersant was 3%, the mass fraction of OP-10 as wetting agent was 1%, thickening agent xanthan gum and magnesium aluminosilicate were 0.15% and 0.5%, respectively, the mass fraction of citric acid as pH regulatorcitric acidaddition was 0.02%, and the mass fraction of X60 as defoamer was 0.1%. Among them, fineness (75 μm) > 99%, cold and heat storage stability were qualified. The results from biological activity shown that, when the dosage of abamectin was 0.1 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L, the toxicity of the preparation against southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was at the same level with the commercial abamectin SC. In conclusion, fulvic acid potassium can be used as dispersant to prepare abamectin SC with good properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amphoteric polycarboxylate dispersant (AAD) was prepared by radical polymerization with 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) and allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG) as reaction monomers, which was used to prepare coal tar pitch slurry, the optimum preparation conditions of AAD dispersant were investigated, and the effects of dispersant on the slurryability, rheology and stability of coal tar pitch water slurry were studied. The results show that when n (AMPS):n (APEG)=10:1, DMC dosage is 5% of the total mass of AMPS and APEG, KPS dosage is 7% of the total mass of reactants, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃,and the reaction time is 3 h, the prepared AAD dispersant has the best performance, and it has good dispersing and stabilizing ability, which is beneficial to improve the industrial application of coal tar pitch water slurry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tn this paper, the hydrocarbon PCM slurry with mass fraction of 30% was selected as the base fluid, and a variety of PCM slurry with nano particles (TiO2) and dispersant (SDBS sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) were prepared by "two-step methodThe effects of nanoparticle mass fraction, nanoparticle size and dispersant mass fraction on the viscosity of PCM slurry were tested and analyzed. The results show that the larger the mass fraction and the larger the particle size, the higher the viscosity of the phase change fluid at the same temperature. However the viscosity of PCM slurry decreased first and then increased with the increase of mass fraction of dispersant. When the mass fraction of dispersant was 0.J %, the viscosity of PCM slurry reached the minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Enhancing the heat transfer performance of heat transfer media is an effective means of efficiently exploiting geothermal resources. Numerous studies have shown that the addition of nanoscale metals or metal oxides to fluids can effectively improve the heat transfer capacity of the fluid. The physical parameters that can impact the heat transfer performance of nanofluids are type, mass fraction, size of the nanoparticle, dispersant mass fraction. Additionally, the flow rate can have an important effect on the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. Methods In this study, spherical nano-CuO and spherical nano-Al2O3 were used as nanomaterials for configuring nanofluids. The particle size of nanomaterials ranges from 20 nm to 50 nm. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was selected as the dispersant for configuring the nanofluids. Basic heat transfer experiments are performed on nanofluids by utilizing a self-constructed basic heat transfer experimental setup. The physical parameters of the nanofluids were also optimized. In addition, a self-designed experimental setup for recirculating heat exchange was established. This experimental system uses geothermal water from hydrothermal geothermal wells as the heat source. The experimental system was also utilized for field testing in a hydrothermal-type geothermal well in Yingshan County, Hubei Province. The preferred nanofluid and deionized water from the basic heat transfer experiments were subjected to on-site circulating heat transfer experiments. Comparison of the circulating heat transfer performance of nanofluids and water under actual heat source conditions in the field. The effect of the flow rate on the heat transfer performance of nanofluids and water under real heat source boundary conditions in the field is also discussed. Results The results show that (1) the heat transfer performance of CuO nanofluids is better than that of Al2O3 nanofluids. (2) There is a negative correlation between the heat transfer performance of nanofluids and the nanoparticle mass fraction. (3) The nanofluid warming efficiency was highest at a 1% mass fraction of CuO nanoparticles. The nanofluid temperature increased from 25 ℃ to 79.2 ℃ in 150 s. The nanofluid temperature increased by 4.1 ℃ more than that of deionized water in the same amount of time. Moreover, the wettability of the nanofluid-heat source interface decreases with increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. The heat transfer performance of nanofluids increases and then decreases with increasing particle size. The best heat transfer performance of the nanofluid was achieved when the nanoparticle size was 40 nm. (4) The heat transfer performance of nanofluids is negatively correlated with the dispersant mass fraction. The best heat transfer performance of the nanofluid was achieved when the dispersant mass fraction was 1%. (5) The heat transfer performance of the nanofluid is negatively correlated with the flow rate when the fluid is in laminar flow. The motion of nanoparticles is progressively more intense when the fluid is in a turbulent state. This phenomenon can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. Conclusion The research results can provide a basis for the application of nanofluids in geothermal heat transfer to improve the heat transfer efficiency of geothermal systems. It also provides theoretical references for the selection of nanofluid parameters as well as fluid flow rate parameters applied to geothermal heat transfer.

Purposes The strain tolerance of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) thermal barrier coating prepared by conventional atmospheric plasma spraying is low. Methods With suspension plasma spraying (SPS), BMT suspensions with different compositions are prepared by mechanical ball grinding with ethanol as the dispersion medium and polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersants. The dispersion behavior of BMT suspension was studied through gravity sedimentation observation method, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and Zeta potentiometry. The effects of dispersant type and content on the stability of BMT suspension were analyzed. The BMT coating was deposited by SPS, and the phase structure, surface morphology, and cross-section microstructure of the BMT coating were characterized and analyzed. Findings The results show that the adsorption of the dispersant PEI on the surface of the BMT particles improves their Zeta potential, enhances the repulsive force between particles, and provides a steric hindrance, which results the better dispersion of BMT suspension with PEI dispersant than that with PAA and PEG. In addition, the BMT suspension with PEI has a low viscosity (1.5-2 mPa·s), making it appropriate for SPS. The coating prepared by SPS essentially preserves the BMT phase structure, and shows a clear columnar-crystal microstructure. With the increases of the solid content in the suspension, the deposition efficiency of the BMT coating increase, and the volume of columnar crystals formed becomes larger, which conforms to the microstructural characteristics of high strain tolerance coatings.

The polycarboxylate and polyoxyethylene ether phosphate composite system is beneficial to improve the physical stability of pesticide aqueous suspensions. In this study, tebuconazole 430 g/L suspension concentrate (SC) was selected as the research object. The micelle hydrodynamic diameter of the polycarboxylate dispersant 850 and the polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dispersant 601p composite system and their effects on the viscosity, zeta potential, specific absorbance and rheological properties of tebuconazole were studied in detail. The results showed that the dispersion stability of tebuconazole SC prepared using 601p alone was higher than that using 850. And the stabilities of tebuconazole SC prepared by the above mentioned two composite systems were significantly higher than that of the single dispersant. Further studies demonstrated that the proportion of dispersant system also had influence on the physical stability of tebuconazole SC. When m(850) : m(601p) = 1 : 1, the micelle dynamic diameter of the composite dispersant is stable, and the prepared tebuconazole SC has the best dispersion stability. Specifically it exhibited a relatively small viscosity, and the zeta potential is –40.8 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sodium allyl sulfonate ( SAS) and allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 500 (APEG500) as the main chain, with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and methacryloyloxyethyl three Methyl ammonium chloride (DMC) is a side chain and two types of zwitterionic dispersants (labeled FSJ-1 ? FSJ-2 , respectively) were synthesized. The struc ture and thermal stability of the dispersant were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The effects of the amount of cationic monomer and the amount of disper-sant on the performance of coal water slurry were discussed. Studies shown that the ampho teric dispersant (FSJ-1) with DMDAAC cationic monomer is more effective. When the a mount of DMDAAC monomer is 10% (mass fraction) and the amount of dispersant is 0. 5 % (mass fraction) , the maximum slurry concentration of Xinjiang coal reached 59. 6 %，nd the Zeta potential reached -40. 4 mV，which is better than the naphthalene sulfonate, and the static stability of the slurry is obviously enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to screen synthetically the dispersants of pulverized coal in CBM well-washing technology, the experiments of the dispersion stability of pulverized coal, the wetting characteristics and the coal reservoir damage evaluation have been carried out by using the No. 11 coal of Taiyuan formation in Hancheng mining area and different anionic dispersants, based on the influences of dispersant solution on pulverized coal, coal surface properties and coal reservoir. The effects of different dispersants on coal rock have been investigated. The results show that the pulverized coal with a particle size of less than 300 μm has a poor dispersion stability in water. Adding a dispersant can help to improve the dispersion stability of the pulverized coal. Combined the surface tension of the different dispersant solutions, the contact angle, spreading coefficient and the adhesion work, different pispersants have different wetting degrees to pulverized coal, the best one is the 2 g/ L SDS solution. The coal permeability varies due to the invasion of dispersant solution and the effect of water lock of coal. The damage degree of permeability shows a relationship of SDS>CMN> SN. And with the changes of capillary force, the permeability damage rate by the invasion of dispersant solution increases. For the Hancheng block, the SDS dispersant can make the pulverized coal easier to disperse, and it can cause some damage to coal permeability. Therefore, in the well-washing process, the bottom-hole flowing pressure should be kept stable and the dispersant solution should be avoided entering into the coal reservoir in the near-well bore region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For enhancing the physical properties of water-based acrylic resin coating, a green modified water-based nano-alumina dispersion was successfully prepared by regulating mass fraction of anti-sedimentation dispersant under the condition of ultrasonication. Subsequently, the water-based nano alumina dispersion was characterized, and the physical properties of commercial water-based acrylic resin composite coating mixed with the dispersion were tested. Results showed that under the conditions of a dispersant mass fraction of 0.50% and an ultrasonic dispersion time of 0.5 h, the storage stability time of the prepared water-based nano-alumina dispersion was greater than 90 d. Besides, after adding 4%(mass fraction) water-based nano-alumina dispersion to commercially available water-based acrylic resin coatings, the wear-resistant rotation number of the as-obtained coating increased from less than 5 r to more than 15 r, and the scratch resistance load increased from 1.10 kg to 2.00 kg.

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a dispersant and combined with ultrasonic technology to disperse multi walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). A water-based dispersion of MWCNTs was prepared, and it was used as a doping phase to prepare fly ash concrete. The influence of multi walled carbon nanotube content on the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash concrete was studied through TEM, XRD, SEM, FT-1R, mechanical performance testing and rapid freeze-thaw experiments. The results indicated that PVP combined with ultrasonic technology could effectively disperse MWCNTs, and the addition of MWCNTs to fly ash concrete could accelerate the cement hydration reaction and increase the generation of hydration products such as C-S-H and Ca(OH)2. Moderate doping of MWCNTs could refine the internal pore structure of cement, reduce the number of cracks and large-sized pores, and transform the failure mode of fly ash concrete from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The peak load and deformation of the MWCNTs-0.3 % specimen reached their maximum values, which were 41.6 kN and 2.92 mm, respectively. The compressive strength and flexural strength reached their maximum values, which were 60.5 and 11.2 MPa, respectively. After 100 rapid freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of the MWCNTs-0.3 % sample was the lowest value of 0.271 %, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 84.34%, indicating a significant improvement in frost resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of nano-fluid and dispersant on the performance of gravity heat pipe, the starting performance (start-up time and start temperature) and the heat transfer performance (tube wall temperature distribution at stable state and total thermal resistance) of different heat pipes were determined separately. The results show that the addition and the physical properties of nanoparticles have effects on the start-up time of heat pipe. The start-up time of heat pipe with nano-fluid is 1.3～3.2 min shorter than that of the conventional one with deionized water as working fluid. The addition of dispersant also affects the heat transfer performance of heat pipe. Under the condition of high heat flux, the performance of nano-fluid heat pipe with twelve sodium alkyl sulfate (SDS) as dispersant is better than that with arabia gum (AG) as dispersant. The thermal resistance of nano-fluid heat pipe with dispersant is significantly decreased by 26.4％～63.9％. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The municipal sludge (sludge) and coal samples were collected and prepared in this study. The constituent characteristics and microstructures of sludge were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The isothermal adsorption of the dispersant (sulfonated acetone-formaldehyde dispersant (SAF)) onto sludge and coal surface were studied，respectively. Furthermore，the adsorption kinetics were also researched. Additionally，the coal sludge slurries (CSSs) were prepared to study the influences of sludge additive amount and dispersant quantity. The results showed that there were strongly polar hydroxyl functional groups in sludge，associating by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A plenty of flocs composed by filamentous microorganism were discovered in sludge. The extent of saturated adsorption of SAF by sludge particles was 7.98 mg/g，greater than the value of 4.91 mg/g for the saturated adsorption of SAF by coal particles. The adsorption kinetics of sludge adsorbing SAF closely fitted the first-order kinetics model. However，the pattern of coal adsorbing SAF trended toward the second-order kinetics model. The research also indicated that the determinant factor of sludge adsorbing SAF was the diffusion of SAF in a porous structure built by sludge particles. With the increases of sludge additive amount，the fixed-viscosity concentrations and the slurryabilities of CSSs decreased. The constituents and microstructures of sludge were the main reasons for the competition between sludge and coal to adsorb SAF，and it also deeply influenced the slurryability of CSSs which could be improved by adding dispersant amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the hypothetical oil spills resulting from 1279m deepwater blowout accidents in the area of deepwater oil and gas exploration and development in the north of the South China Sea were selected as case studies. Using the environmental data of three dimensional current fields and sea surface wind fields in winter (represented by January) and summer (represented by July) seasons of 2020 as model input, an integrated deepwater oil spill model was applied to simulate the whole process of oil spill transport and diffusion in ocean environment without and with the applications of subsea dispersant treatment. The simulation results showed that the sea currents at different depths had significant impacts on the transport of the spilled oil. In deepwater environment where the velocities of sea currents were relatively small, the buoyant jets resulting from the blowouts could be transported vertically for a long distance. As the water became shallow, the velocities of sea currents increased gradually and the directions of sea current varied obviously, the oil droplets of different sizes in the water column rised to the sea surface with swing or spiral trajectories. The oil slicks on the sea surface drifted towards the downwind directions under the combined effects of both surface current and prevailing wind in winter or summer. When the subsea chemical dispersant treatments were implemented, the diffusion extents of oil droplets in water column became much larger compared to those cases without treatment, and the oil droplets of small size would transport in deepwater environment for a long time. The results of this study could provide useful references for further study on the transport and diffusion of deepwater oil spill accidents in the South China Sea in the future.

In order to study the effect of naphthyl sulfonate formaldehyde condensation (NNO) on the rheological properties of hexaflumuron suspension concentrate (SC), and to facilitate its processing procedure, the rheology behavior of hexaflumuron SC prepared from with the variation of polymer dispersant NNO of different mass fractions, molecular weights and hexaflumuron mass fractions was studied by using the control stress rheometer. The results demonstrated that the rheological curve of hexaflumuron SC, which include NNO, coincided with the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. The range of the NNO mass fractions and dosage affected the rheology property of hexaflumuron SC. With 3.0% NNO in mass fractions, the SC was pseudoplastic fluid. The flow behavior index (n) was less than 1.0 when the concentration of hexaflumuron was higher than 20%. The SC was bulging plastic fluid when the flow behavior index was higher than 1.0, while the hexaflumuron mass fractions were less than 15%. The yield value (τH) of hexaflumuron SC was correlated with the relative mass fractions of NNO and hexaflumuron. When the hexaflumuron mass fraction was too high, saturated adsorption was inhibited on the surface of hexaflumuron granule. Therefore the bare hexaflumuron granule surface overlapped with each other and formed structure with higher yield value. When the hexaflumuron mass fractions were moderate, saturated adsorption was achieved on the granule surface. When the hexaflumuron mass fraction was too low, the excess NNO can form a structure between the suspended granules of hexaflumuron and increase the yield value. Under this test conditions, the viscidity and yield value of the hexaflumuron SC decreased with the increase of NNO molecular weight. The flow behavior index was also increased slightly, however, it was still less than 1. The properties of "shear thinning" of the pseudo-plasticity did not change, which indicated that the molecular weight of NNO and its concentration were both influential factors to the hexaflumuron SC rheology. The results showed that the yield value τH and flow behavior index were higher in hexaflumuron SC with dispersant NNO than that with dispersant MOTAS under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high density drilling fluid dispersant JZ-1 was synthesized by graft copolymerzation of natural materials and vinyl monomer. The effects of molecular weight regulator, AMPS and raw materials ratio on the dispersant properties were studied. Copolymerization was characterized with IR. Thermal stability of copolymer was measured by thermal analysis. Barite surface potential was studied by Zeta potential instrument. The mud properties of copolymer as dispersant for drilling fluids were evaluated in laboratory. The experimental results showed that funnel viscosity decreased from 282 s to 130 s when 2% JZ-1 were added to the drilling fluid with he density of 2.8 g/cm³, and the rheology behavior and sedimentation stability of drilling fluid were improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied how coal powders are produced in wellbore during the CBM production, and how the yield of coal powders from coal seams is enhanced. The CBM-WS,the instrument for simulating the CBM production from wellbores in high pressure coal seam,was used for investigating the factors affecting the yield of coal powders. The results indicate that the yield of coal powders is related to the coal powders from coal seam, gas production rate, and coal powders concentration. When the gas production rate is low,the radius of produced coal powders from wellbore is less than 20 μm, and the most coal powders with radii between 40 and 100 μm cannot be produced; as the gas production rate increases, both the number and radius of coal powders increase significantly; when the flow rate reaches a critical value,the yield of coal powders will not change too much. After adding coal powder dispersant FYXF-30, the large coal powders in wellbores could be pulverized and then produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iron grade of a iron concentrate in Sichuan is 64.56%, and the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 is 5.50% and 2.01% respectively. Material composition research shows that iron minerals are mainly in the form of magnetic iron. The process of stage grinding and magnetic separation which added dispersant H01 in regrinding is carried out to increase iron grade and reduce silicon content. Finally, the super iron concentrate with iron grade 72.11%, SiO2 content 0.20%, Al2O3 content 0.16%, acid insoluble content 0.28%, and the iron recovery is 92.72%.

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To better understand the processes of spilled oil being transported in deepwater and increase the emergency response capacity for deepwater oil spill accidents, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill accident happened in the Gulf of Mexico was selected as a case study. Using the environmental data of three-dimensional current fields and sea surface wind fields as model input, an integrated deepwater oil spill trajectory and fate model was applied to simulate the transport and diffusion of spilled oil in marine environment, including the buoyant jets initially released from deep water and the following passive transport of both the oil droplets in water column and the oil slicks on sea surface. In addition, the application of subsea dispersant injection treatment and the resulting changes of trajectories of oil droplets and pollution extents were simulated as well. The numerical simulation results were generally in good agreement with the field monitoring data of suspended oil plume in deep water environment and the remote sensing monitoring data of seawater anomalies on sea surface, which were reported in literature or published by NOAA of United States of America. The results had laid a good foundation for more comprehensive and fine numerical simulations of deepwater oil spill accidents.

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A modfied polyisobutylene succinimide T154) asphaltene dispersant was prepared by modifying PIBSA with hexyl hexanol, and was applied to the preparation of FCC slurry scale inhibitor. The effects of modification temperature, modification time and material mass ratio on asphaltene dispersion and scale inhibitor on FCC slurry were investigated. The results showed that when the modification temperature was 240 °C, the modification time was 4 h,and the mass ratio of polyisobutylene succinimide m) to hexyl hexanol m) was 1u 1,the dispersion performance was better than polyisobutylene succinimide. The product had exceHent thermal stability; when the dosage of scale inhibitor was 150 g/g, the scale inhibition rate was 91.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene glycol-based carbon black slurry is prepared by ultra-fine dispersion method, and the influence of mass ratio of dispersant to carbon black, grinding time and rotation speed on carbon black particle size is clarified by single-factor variable method. Ethylene glycol-based carbon black slurry is prepared by orthogonal experiment optimization of carbon black dispersion process, and the morphological structure and dispersion status of carbon black in ethylene glycol solution are observed. The results show that when the mass ratio of dispersant to carbon black is 1:10, the grinding time is 180 min and the rotational speed is 3500 r/min, the dispersion effect of carbon black is the best, and the average particle size is 170. 89 nm. The centrifugal stability in ethylene glycol solution is more than 90%, the heat resistance stability is more than 90%, and it has excellent storage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The polypropylene (PP)/sisal cellulose microcrystalline (MCF) composites was prepared by use of rosin sea pine acid grafting poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid) (RA-g-PHS) as a hyperdispersant, and the effect of hyper-dispersant content on the mechanical properties, melt flow rate and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Moreover, the impact fracture surface of the composites was observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the impact strength and melt flow rate of PP/MCF composites reached 16.8 kJ/m² and 2.06 g/10 min, respectively, when 2 wt% of RA-g-PHS was incorporated. The composites also achieved optimum thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graphene is often used in lubricating oil to improve the lubricating properties of the oil, but it is highly prone to agglom-erate in the oil, and requires dispersants to inhibit agglomeration. The molecular behavior between graphene, dispersant and lubricant can reveal the dispersion mechanism, lubrication mechanism and synergistic effect. The non-toxic and harmless span60 was used as a dispersant, and the changes in lubricating properties of graphene lubricants before and after adding span60 were studied based on mo-lecular dynamics, a structural model of silicon nitride-lubricant-bearing steel layer was established, the effect of content ratio of span60 to graphene, operating temperature, pressure and shear speed on the adsorption energy of lubricant film on the surface of friction sub-strate, shear stress and the thickness of the solid film formed were analyzed, and verified by experiments. The results show that syner-gistic effect of dispersant span60 and graphene in the lubricant improve the lubricating ability of the lubricant on the surface of Si3 N4 -GCr15 friction subsets. The best lubrication effect is achieved when the span60/graphene mass ratio is 7: 1. When the tempera-ture is 373 K, the pressure is 102 MPa and the shear speed is 25 m/s, the lubricating performance of lubricating oil is the best. The addition of appropriate amount of span60 can effectively solve the agglomeration problem of graphene in lubricant, and the synergistic effect between graphene, dispersant and lubricant is influenced by temperature, pressure and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a Pickering emulsion, the solid particle emulsifier is absorbed at the interface between oil and water, forming a stable interfacial film to prevent the coalescence of water droplets. This property can be used to improve the stability of oil based drilling fluids. However, in studies on the oil based drilling fluids based on Pickering emulsion, the interaction between a water droplet in the oil phase and an inorganic hydrophilic particle has been omitted; the effects of inorganic particles added to an oil based drilling fluid, such as calcium hydroxide, weighting agents and the drilled cuttings, on the existence of the water droplets in the emulsion are not considered. In laboratory study, calcium hydroxide, barite and kaolinite particles of different hydrating capacities were added into a W/O Pickering emulsion. Macro sedimentation experiment and microscope observation with microscopic images have proved that the water droplets are combined with the solid particles, existing in a form of bound water. This explains the aggregation of the solid particles. The bound water was characterized with laser confocal microscope and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The solid particles with bound water can be dispersed by treating the system with a dispersant, in this way the stability of the drilling fluid can be improved. An oil based drilling fluid based on W/O Pickering emulsion is not a water-in-oil (W/O) drilling fluid, it is, however, a system in which the bound water droplets are moderately dispersed into an oil phase. In addition, low temperature constant rheology can be achieved by adjusting the rheology of a low density oil based drilling fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nanofluids can be a new type of heat transfer medium with the high thermal conductivity. Particularly, the traditional heat transfer media cannot fully meet the growing needs of thermal management in the electronic devices in various fields. Among them, the stability is a key factor for the wide application of nanofluids. In order to obtain more stable nanofluids, the dispersants were first screened, and then the stability of the Carbon NanoTube (CNT) nanofluids with the selected dispersant was optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). CNT nanofluids were prepared by the two-step method. The comprehensive evaluation index was used to compare the effects of four surfactants on the stability and thermal conductivity of CNT nanofluids. The stability evaluation included the particle size potential and absorbance method. Taking the particle size as the evaluation index, three influencing factors were selected as the mass fraction, ultrasonic oscillation time, and placement of CNT nanofluids. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken test was designed to optimize the parameters. The RSM was used to investigate the effects of various factors on the interaction of nanofluid stability. The results show that compared with the rest dispersants, the CNTs nanofluids with the DB dispersant presented the smallest particle size, the highest absorbance, the highest thermal conductivity, and the best comprehensive performance, when the ratio of carbon tube to dispersant was 1:2. Therefore, the DB dispersant was selected to evaluate the performance of CNTs nanofluids. A RSM model was established to accurately describe the particle size of CNT nanofluids using the Box-Behnken experimental design. At the same time, the quadratic polynomial regression equation was obtained for the response value particle size (Y) with the mass fraction of CNT nanofluids (X1), ultrasonic oscillation time (X2), and storage time (X3). The quadratic polynomial mathematical model was established by the experimental data. There was the highly significant (P<0.0001) with the correlation coefficient R²=0.964 4, indicating an excellent fit between the predicted and the actual value. It infers that there was an excellent consistency between the model and the experimental data. An optimal combination of factors was achieved for the stability of CNT nanofluids using the quadratic regression model, where the mass fraction of CNT nanofluids was 0.27%, the ultrasonic time was 83.45 min, and the standing time was 8 h. In this case, the average particle size was 121.58 nm, and there was a 0.016% error with the predicted value of 120.60 nm. Therefore, this improved model was feasible to optimize the stability of CNT nanofluids. The actual value was close to the predicted value. There was a certain reference value for a theoretical and experimental basis, in order to improve the stability of nanofluids. Response surface test also revealed that the ultrasonic oscillation time and placement time can be selected to improve the stability in the subsequent preparation of nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the application of new comb-type fluorine-containing polymer surfactants in the development of nitrosulfonone suspension concentrate, 25% nitrosulfonone suspension concentrates with different dispersants were prepared by taking such surfactants b1 and b9 as dispersants and commercial dispersant YUS-FS3000 as control. The physicochemical properties such as suspensibility, nominal size, dispersibility in water, and stability, biological activity in a greenhouse, and the effect of the addition amount of dispersant b1 on the above properties were measured respectively. The results showed that the active ingredient content was 25.52%-26.98% under the three conditions of 54 ℃, 0 ℃, and -18 ℃ for 14 days, which was qualified under the three conditions. At the same time, the suspensibility was higher than 98.0% under three storage conditions, and the suspension concentrate prepared by b1 was better than that by YUS-FS3000 as dispersant. Even if the addition amount (mass fraction) of b1 was 2%, the active ingredient content was between 25.62% and 26.01% after being stored for 14 days under three conditions. At the same time, the suspensibility was higher than 99.0% under three storage conditions. The GR50 (50% growth reduction) values of 25% mesotrione aqueous suspension concentrate prepared by these three dispersants on Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv were 29.03 (YUS-FS3000), 15.70 (b1) and 10.19 (b9) g (a.i.)/hm², respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High viscosity heavy oil invasion in the Tahe block have caused serious damage to the properties of the drilling fluids. To deal with this problem, the key properties of the Tahe heavy oils and those of the typical poor quality heavy oils were compared, and the change of the viscosity of the Tahe heavy oil asphaltenes in toluene solution with the concentration of the heavy oils was studied. It was found that the high viscosity of the Tahe heavy oils comes from high asphaltene content and high aromaticity. Based on this finding, two programs were prepared; one is, at the time when there is only slight heavy oil invasion, a compound additive containing appropriate dispersants and aromatic fraction can be added into the contaminated drilling fluid to disperse the heavy oils. This treatment has been best done in the 5# drilling fluid. In drilling the well TH121155X, the dispersity of the heavy oils in the solids-free drilling fluid was more than 99%. The other treatment involves the contamination of drilling fluids by large amount of heavy oils. In this treatment the heavy oils are wrapped up by wrapping agents and therefore lose their adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the wrapped heavy oils on the surfaces of the drilling tools is minimized and the heavy oils can thus be effectively and efficiently separated out by the shale shakers. Study results show that wrapping agent BGJ-2-4 has good wrapping capacity for the treatment of heavy oils found in the well TH12471H, and the adhesion rate on the walls of mud tanks is only 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]