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Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) colectomy using Cai tube for treating left-sided colorectal cancer. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were as follows: preoperative pathological diagnosis of left-sided colorectal adenocarcinoma (rectal, sigmoid colon, descending colon, or left transverse colon cancer with the caudad margin ≥8 cm from the anal margin); preoperative abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (or magnetic resonance imaging) showing maximum tumor diameter <4.5 cm; and BMI <30 kg/m 2 . Patients with synchronous multiple primary cancers or recurrent cancers, a history of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, preoperative evidence of significant local infiltration, distant metastasis, or complications such as intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation, or who were not otherwise considered suitable for laparoscopic surgery were excluded. A random number table was used to randomize sequential patients to NOSES surgery using Cai tube (non-assisted incision anal sleeve: patent number ZL201410168748.2) (NOSES group) or traditional laparoscopic-assisted surgery (CLS group). Relevant clinical data of the two groups of patients were analyzed, the main outcomes being disease-free survival, overall survival, overall recurrence rate, and local recurrence rate 5 years after surgery. Results: Patients in both study groups completed the surgery successfully with no requirement for additional surgery. After mean 70 (7-83) months postoperative follow-up, the 5-year overall postoperative survival in the NOSES and CLS groups was 90.0% and 83.3%, respectively ( P =0.455); disease free survival was 90.0% and 83.3%, respectively ( P =0.455); overall recurrence rate 6.6% and 10.0%, respectively ( P =0.625); and local recurrence rate both were 3.3% ( P =0.990), respectively. None of these differences was statistically significant. Conclusions: NOSES and CLS have similar long-term efficacy, and NOSES deserves to be used in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of Cai tube-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive case-series study. Inclusion criteria: (1) colorectal or gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative pathological examination or redundant sigmoid or transverse colon detected by barium enema; (2) indications for laparoscopic surgery; (3) body mass index <30 kg/m 2 (transanal surgery) and 35 kg/m 2 (transvaginal surgery); (4) no vaginal stenosis or adhesions in female patients undergoing transvaginal specimen extraction; and (5) patients with redundant colon aged 18-70 years and a history of intractable constipation for more than 10 years. Exclusion criteria: (1) colorectal cancer with intestinal perforation or obstruction, or gastric cancer with gastric perforation, gastric hemorrhage, or pyloric obstruction; (2) simultaneous resection of lung, bone, or liver metastases ; (3) history of major abdominal surgery or intestinal adhesions; and (4) incomplete clinical data. From January 2014 to October 2022, 209 patients with gastrointestinal tumors and 25 with redundant colons who met the above criteria were treated by NOSES utilizing a Cai tube (China invention patent number:ZL201410168748.2) in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University. The procedures included eversion and pull-out NOSES radical resection in 14 patients with middle and low rectal cancer, NOSES radical left hemicolectomy in 171 patients with left-sided colorectal cancer, NOSES radical right hemicolectomy in 12 patients with right-sided colon cancer, NOSES systematic mesogastric resection in 12 patients with gastric cancer, and NOSES subtotal colectomy in 25 patients with redundant colons. All specimens were collected by using an in-house-made anal cannula (Cai tube) with no auxiliary incisions. The primary outcomes included 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and postoperative complications. Results: Among 234 patients, 116 were male and 118 were female. The mean age was (56.6±10.9) years. NOSES was successfully completed in all patients without conversion to open surgery or procedure-related death. The negative rate of circumferential resection margin was 98.8% (169/171) with both two positive cases having left-sided colorectal cancer. Postoperative complications occurred in 37 patients (15.8%), including 11 cases (4.7%) of anastomotic leakage, 3 cases(1.3%) of anastomotic bleeding, 2 cases (0.9%) of intraperitoneal bleeding, 4 cases (1.7%) of abdominal infection, and 8 cases (3.4%) of pulmonary infection. Reoperations were required in 7 patients (3.0%), all of whom consented to creation of an ileostomy after anastomotic leakage. The total readmission rate within 30 days after surgery was 0.9% (2/234). After a follow-up of (18.3±3.6) months, the 1-year RFS was 94.7%. Five of 209 patients (2.4%) with gastrointestinal tumors had local recurrence, all of which was anastomotic recurrence. Sixteen patients (7.7%) developed distant metastases, including liver metastases( n =8), lung metastases( n =6), and bone metastases ( n =2). Conclusion: NOSES assisted by Cai tube is feasible and safe in radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors and subtotal colectomy for redundant colon.

Objective: To evaluate the mid-term efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) colectomy using the Cai tube in the treatment of left colorectal cancer. Methods: A prospective randomized control trial (China Clinical Trials Registration Number: ChiCTR-OOR-15007060) was performed. Sixty patients with left colorectal cancer at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital from September 2015 to August 2017 were prospectively enrolled. Case inclusion criteria: (1) left colorectal adenocarcinoma (rectal cancer with distance ≥ 8 cm from tumor low margin to anal edge, sigmoid colon cancer, descending colon cancer and left transverse colon cancer) confirmed by preoperative pathology; (2) satisfactory conditions of conventional laparoscopic surgery; (3) maximum diameter of the tumor < 4.5 cm confirmed by preoperative abdominal and pelvic CT or MRI; (4) BMI < 30 kg/m 2 . Case exclusion criteria: (1) benign lesions, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and other special pathological types of tumors confirmed by preoperative pathological examination; (2) multiple or recurrent cancers; (3) with a history of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; (4) obvious regional infiltration or distant metastasis indicated by preoperative imaging examination; (5) intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, etc. Participants were randomly assigned to NOSES group (using the Cai tube) and conventional laparoscopy (CL) group by random number table method. Clinical data between two groups were compared and analyzed, including perioperative conditions, tumor exfoliation cell detection and bacterial culture results of intraperitoneal lavage fluid, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grading), postoperative pain [visual simulation scoring (VAS) assessment], anal function (Kirwan anal function grading assessment), and postoperative 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), overall recurrence rate, and local recurrence rate. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled, with 30 in the NOSES group and 30 in the CL group. All the patients in the NOSES group successfully completed operation with Cai tube. Baseline data between the two groups were not significantly different (all P >0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in conversion rate to open surgery, number of lymph node harivested, proximal and distal resection margin of tumor, negative rate of circumferential margin, operation time, blood loss, inflammatory indexes, postoperative anal function, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization cost, morbidity of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade II or above) (all P >0.05). Compared to the CL group, the NOSES group had lower maximum postoperative VAS score (2.5±0.3 vs. 5.1±0.4, t =3.187, P <0.01), and fewer use of additional postoperative analgesia [6.7% (2/30) vs. 33.3% (10/30),χ 2 =6.670, P =0.02]. The postoperative time to gas passage was shorter in the NOSES group [(2.2±1.4) days vs. (3.1±1.2) days, P =0.026]. No tumor cells and bacterial contamination were found in abdominal lavage fluid before and after operation in either group. The anal function at postoperative 3-month of all the patients in the NOSES group was Kirwan grade I to II, while in the CL group, anal function of 2 cases (6.7%) was Kirwan grade III, and of 28 cases was also Kirwan grade I to II, whose difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). In the NOSES group and the CL group, 3-year DFS was 96.7% and 83.3% ( P =0.090), OS was 100% and 90% ( P =0.096), overall recurrence rate was 3.3% and 10.0% ( P =0.166), and local recurrence rate was 3.3% and 3.3% ( P =0.999), respectively, whose differences were not statistically significant (all P >0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of left colorectal cancer, compared with conventional laparoscopic colectomy, NOSES colectomy using Cai tube exhibits less scar, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery of gastrointestinal function, and similar mid-term outcomes. Given proper surgical indications, the surgical procedure is safe and feasible.

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in Chongming Island, a background site of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China, PM 2.5 samples collected from December 2018 to January 2019 were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and optical properties. The results showed that the light absorption coefficient (Abs 365,M ) of BrC extracted by methanol at 365 nm was (5.39±3.33) M -1 ·m -1 , which was 1.3 times of the water extracted BrC. Both increased significantly with the increase of pH values, suggesting that less acidic conditions can enhance the light absorption ability of BrC. In winter, both Abs 365 and MAE 365 (mass absorption efficiency) were higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. A strong linear correlation observed between Abs 365 and levoglucosan ( R 2 =0.72) indicated that many light absorbing substances in Chongming Island were derived from biomass burning emissions. During the campaign, nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and PAHs accounted for (1.5±1.1) ng·m -3 and (8.3±4.7) ng·m -3 , respectively, contributing to 0.1% and 0.067% of the absorption of the total BrC at 365 nm, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that biomass and fossil fuel combustions were the main sources of BrC in Chongming Island in winter, accounting for 56% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation, accounting for 24% of the total BrC, with road dust contributing only 6%.

Objective: To explore the relationship between elevation of brachial pulse pressure and coronary heart disease in different genders. Methods: A total of 5 116 inpatients with suspected stable coronary heart disease were consecutively enrolled from December 2011 to June 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, and divided into coronary heart disease group ( n =3 694) and non-coronary heart disease group ( n =1 422). The clinical data of all inpatients were collected. A binary logistic regression model of coronary heart disease in different genders were separately established. Results: The morbidity of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, ischemic stroke and elevated pulse pressure were all higher in the coronary heart disease group than those in the non-coronary heart disease group (all P <0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of pulse pressure in the male group was 0.540, with an optimal diagnostic threshold of 50 mmHg. The AUC of pulse pressure in the female group was 0.612, with an optimal diagnostic threshold of 60 mmHg. Besides hypertension, type 2 diabetes, increase of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischemic stroke, smoking, and aging, elevated pulse pressure was also an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in both male and female groups (all P <0.05). Additionally, the risk of elevated pulse pressure for coronary heart disease was higher in female group than that of male group (odds ratio ( OR ): 1.741 vs 1.284, P <0.05). Conclusion: Elevated pulse pressure may be a new risk factor for coronary heart disease, and its risk for coronary heart disease is higher in women than in men.

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of organic aerosols at a background site of the Yangtze River Delta, day- and night- PM 2.5 samples were collected from May 30 th to August 15 th , 2018 in Chongming Island, China and measured for their normal alkanes ( n -alkanes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content employing a GC-MS technique. Concentrations of PM 2.5 , n -alkanes, and PAHs during the entire sampling period were (33±21) μg·m -3 , (26±44) ng·m -3 , and (0.76±1.0) ng·m -3 , respectively. During the entire campaign, 35% of the collected PM 2.5 samples were of a particle loading larger than the first grade of the China National Air Quality Standard (35 μg·m -3 ), suggesting that further mitigation with respect to air pollution in Chongming Island remains imperative. In the period with a PM 2.5 concentration higher than 35 μg·m -3 , which was classified as the pollution period, concentrations of n -alkanes and PAHs were one order of magnitude higher than those in the period with PM 2.5 less than 15 μg·m -3 , which was classified as the clean period. During the entire campaign, OC was higher in the daytime than in the nighttime, mainly due to the daytime photooxidation that enhanced the formation of secondary organic aerosols. During the pollution period, concentrations of EC and other pollutants were higher in the nighttime than in daytime, mainly due to the transport of the inland pollutants by the nighttime land breeze. Such a diurnal difference was not observed for the pollutants in clean periods, mainly due to the relatively clean breeze from East China Sea that diluted the air pollution. Diagnostic ratios showed that 67% of n -alkanes in PM 2.5 was derived from fossil fuel combustion. PMF analysis further showed that during the pollution period, vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions were the largest sources of PAHs, both accounting for 51% of the total in PM 2.5 . In contrast, during the clean periods ship emissions were the largest source, contributing about 45% of the total PAHs, exceeding the sum (38%) of vehicle and industrial emissions.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, demographic characteristics and social life function of mental disorders in the rural left behind elderly aged 60 years and older in Gansu. Methods: Between November 2017 and June 2018, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the rural left behind elderly aged 60 years and older in Gansu, and totally 6 000 elderly were enrolled. By using the extended general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the American Handbook for Diagnosis and Statistics of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ) Axis Ⅰ Disorders Formal Clinical Examination Patient Edition, all the included subjects were screened and diagnosed. Functional status was assessed by the Global Assessment Function scale (GAF). Statistical analysis of the prevalence of various mental illnesses, as well as the differences in the prevalence of different gender, marital status and age groups was performed. Results: Totally, 6 000 subjects completed the survey. The adjusted current prevalence of any mental disorder was 20.11% (95% CI 17.70%-22.85%). The six most prevalent specific disorders were major depressive disorder (9.20%), pain disorder (2.71%), mood disorder due to the body condition (2.08%), generalized anxiety disorder (1.99%), anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (1.15%) and dysthymic disorder (0.84%). The lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 20.54% (95% CI 18.40%-23.39%). The overall current prevalence of mental disorders was higher in women (242.89‰) than in men (119.55‰), and the unmarried (248.37‰) was higher than those married (187.53‰). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders among different age groups ( P >0.05). The GAF score of mental disorders was 56±11, and 71.82% was moderate to severe functional impairment. Conclusions: The prevalence of mental disorders is high in rural left-behind population aged 60 years and over in Gansu Province. Major depression is a condition that deserves special attention.

Postmortem interval （PMI） estimation is one of the most challenging problems in the field of forensic science. Vitreous humor is a hotspot which has been used for PMI estimation and postmortem chemical analysis in forensic pathology. In order to provide novel perspectives for the future research of PMI estimation using vitreous humor, the comparison between vitreous humor with other common body fluids, the effect of temperature on vitreous humor, vitreous humor detection method and data fitting method have been reviewed in this paper., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Objectives: To test the changes of the potassium （K⁺） and magnesium （Mg²⁺） concentrations in vitreous humor of rabbits along with postmortem interval （PMI） under different temperatures, and explore the feasibility of PMI estimation using mixed-effect model., Methods: After sacrifice, rabbit carcasses were preserved at 5 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and 80-100 μL of vitreous humor was collected by the double-eye alternating micro-sampling method at every 12 h. The concentrations of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ in vitreous humor were measured by a biochemical-immune analyser. The mixed-effect model was used to perform analysis and fitting, and established the equations for PMI estimation. The data detected from the samples that were stoned at 10 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ with 20, 40 and 65 h were used to validate the equations of PMI estimation., Results: The concentrations of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ [f（ x , y ）] in vitreous humor of rabbits under different temperature increased along with PMI （ x ）. The relative equations of K⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentration with PMI and temperature under 5 ℃~35 ℃ were f K⁺ （ x , y ）=3.413 0+0.309 2 x +0.337 6 y +0.010 83 xy -0.002 47 x ² （ P <0.000 1）, and f Mg²⁺ （ x , y ）=0.745 6+0.006 432 x +0.033 8 y （ P <0.000 1）, respectively. It was proved that the time of deviation for PMI estimation by K⁺ and Mg²⁺ was in 10 h when PMI was between 0 to 40 h, and the time of deviation was in 21 h when PMI was between 40 to 65 h., Conclusions: the ambient temperature range of 5 ℃-35 ℃, the mixed-effect model based on temperature and vitreous humor substance concentrations can provide a new method for the practical application of vitreous humor chemicals for PMI estimation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Objective: To explore short-term outcomes obtained with Laparoscopic-assisted Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction for left colorectal cancer radical resection., Methods: A total of 123 patients with left colorectal tumor who had undergone laparoscopic surgery between Jan.2014 and Jun.2015 were reviewed. According to surgical approach, transanal specimen extraction using the Cai Tube (study group, n=29) and trans-abdominal incision specimen extraction (control group, n=123) were studied. Propensity score matching was applied at a ratio of 1∶1 comparing the study (n=23) and control (n=23) groups., Results: The two matched groups had similar baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in the length of distal or proximal resection margin, the rate of circumferential resection negative margin, the estimated blood loss, the levels of C-reactive protein on 2nd day after surgery, the postoperative time to take liquid, the postoperative hospital day, the hospital fee and the postoperative anal function. The study group presented longer operative time[(237.8±68.1)min vs (168.9±47.5)min, P<0.05], less number of lymph nodes dissected (12.4±5.4 vs 16.4±7.2, P<0.05), higher white cell count on 2nd day after surgery[(11.7±3.4)×10(9)/L vs (9.4±2.6)×10(9)/L, P<0.05], but quicker postoperative recovery of bowel function[(2.6±0.7)d vs (3.4±0.7)d, P<0.05], shorter postoperative ambulation time[(2.3±0.6)d vs (3.6±0.7)d, P<0.05], lower rate of postoperative complications (0/23 vs 6/23, P<0.05) and lower rate of utilization of painkillers in addition to postoperative analgesia pump (1/20 vs 9/23, P<0.05)., Conclusion: Laparoscopic-assisted left colorectal cancer radical resection using the Cai Tube is in line with oncologic principle, less pain, quicker recovery and better cosmetic results.

Flame photometric analysis technology has been proven to be a rapid and sensitive method for sulfur and phosphorus detection. It has been widely used in environmental inspections, pesticide detection, industrial and agricultural production. By improving the design of the traditional flame photometric detector, using grating and CCD sensor array as a photoelectric conversion device, the types of compounds that can be detected were expanded. Instead of a single point of characteristic spectral lines, full spectral information has been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of H2S, PH3, NH3, AsH3 and Cl2. Combined with chemometric method, flame photometric analysis technology is expected to become an alternative fast, real-time on-site detection technology to simultaneously detect multiple toxic and harmful gases.

A novel naphthalimide derivatives N-hexyl-4-benzylamino-naphthalimide(HBN) was synthesized from 4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, and the structure was characterized by NMR and MS. Spectral properties of HBN for recognition of Fe3+ were investigated by fluorescence spectrum. In a certain range of Fe3+ from 4 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-2) mol x L(-1), the fluorescence intensity of HBN significantly reduced with increasing concentration of Fe3+ in ethanol/water (1:1, volume ratio). The equation of linear regression was F0/F=623.253 2c(Fe3+) + 0.9642 (R2 = 0.9963). Moreover, no obvious interference with the detection of the Fe3+ ion was observed in the presence of the common metal ions such as Ca2+, Na+, CU2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+, which indicated that HBN displayed excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for the detection of Fe3+.

Objective: To understand the advanced schistosomiasis prevalence trend in Jingmen City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the disease prevention and control., Methods: The changes of advanced schistosomiasis prevalence were investigated and the distribution characteristics of the patients were analyzed in Jingmen City from 2004 to 2013., Results: In recent 10 years, the incidence of advanced schistosomiasis dropped from 0.014/thousand to 0.009/thousand, and the regional distribution of the patients did not change. The number of male patients was still more than that of female patients, but more old aging patients were found. The ascetic type and splenomegaly type of advanced schistosomiasis patients were the most., Conclusion: In the next few years, the advanced schistosomiasis patients Jingmen City will reduce quickly, and concentrate on the aging group and ascetic type.

Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of the plastic film mulch covering method., Methods: In the barren land with a lot of Oncomelania hupensis snails, 3 experimental groups were set up, in which respectively using 3 different methods: a simple plastic film mulch covering method, film assisted with ammonium bicarbonate, and film assisted with amine molluscicide. In the canals, two experimental groups were set up, in which respectively using 2 different methods: simple plastic film mulch covering method and film assisted with ammonium bicarbonate. In above-mentioned areas, obstacles were cleared artificially. In each experiment group, 4 observation spots were set up, and 100 living snails were pot in each spot, and then, the plastic film mulch was evenly covered. The status of the snails was observed 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the intervention., Results: In the barren land, the snail death rates of the simple plastic film group were 20.77% and 96.92% 15 days and 30 days after the intervention, respectively. The snail death rate of the film assisted with amine molluscicide group was 80.46% 3 days after the intervention. In all the experiment groups, the snail death rates were from 96.92 to 100% 30 days after the intervention., Conclusion: The plastic film mulch covering method has a great molluscicide effect in the hill subtype and water network type of schistosomiasis epidemic areas.

Purpose: To study the effects of surface roughness and composition of titanium on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts., Methods: Osteoblasts were cultured on 5 commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) substrates of ground (S0), blasted with 108-130 μm(S1), 216-301 μm(S2), 356-411 μm (S3) TiO2 particles and titanium-sprayed plasma(TPS) surfaces. Surfaces prepared by hand grinding with SiC paper of 600 grits served as control (S0). Electron microprobe was used to evaluate the TiO2 film structure of the 5 titanium surfaces. For proliferation and differentiation measurement, osteoblasts were cultured for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, evaluated by MTT Assay, ALP activity and OC level. SPSS12.0 software package was used for one-way ANOVA., Results: The number of cells was the highest on S3 and TPS surfaces after 1 day culture. The same results were observed after 5 days. On day 3 and 7, S3 surface was the highest(P<0.05). The number of cells on all experimental groups were higher than S0 surfaces at each time point(P<0.05). Increase of ALP activity were detected on S0, S1 and S2 surfaces after 1, 3, 5 days. However, there was no difference between S3 and TPS surfaces(P>0.05). After 7 days, ALP activity increased significantly on TPS surface than on S1 or S2 surfaces. ALP activity on S3 surfaces was the highest(P<0.05). The ALP activity on all experimental groups were higher than S0 surfaces at each time point(P<0.05). An increase in OC production was detected on S0, S1, S2 and S3 surfaces after 1, 3, 5 days. The highest OC production was on S3 surface was on day 7(P<0.05)., Conclusions: It was concluded that for TiO2 blasted surfaces, Ra ranging from 1.260 μm to 3.530 μm would optimize proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Blasting was an effective treatment method for osteointegration in vitro.

Objective: To understand the impact factors of the re-emergence of Oncomelania snails in hardened ditches so as to find out the measures to improve the effect of snail eradication., Methods: Thirteen infected townships from Jingmen City were randomly selected and investigated with the retrospective method and the field survey. All the data were analyzed for evaluating the effect of the hardened ditches on snail eradication and finding out the causes of the re-emergence of snails in hardened ditches, Results: After on-site investigation of 151 hardened ditches, the eradication rate of snail areas was 78.79%, and 71 ditches were founded with snails and the re-emergence rate was 47.02%. The major factors of the snail re-emergence were the spread of the snails from the upstream, the dilapidation of the hardened ditches, no using molluscicides before the hardened ditches, and the snails being brought by the engineering construction., Conclusions: The only hardened ditches can not eradicate the snails. We should manage an overall plan when processing the ditches hardening project, implementation with molluscicides before the project and strengthen the maintenance of the hardened ditches.

Objective: To understand the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingmen City so as to provide the evidence for formulating schistosomiasis control program., Methods: According to the "Schistosomiasis Control Manual" and the "Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Practices", a surveillance was carried out, and the areas with Oncomelania snails, and the infection rates of residents and cattle were investigated and calculated, and the changes of these indexes were analyzed., Results: The area with snails was 1 135.45 hm2 in 2003 which was rebounded from that in 2001, and gradually increased to 1 700 hm2. The infection rates of residents and cattle increased and they were 3.19% and 8.6% respectively in 2004, and after that these indexes gradually declined., Conclusion: The schistosomiasis classification control and comprehensive measures should still be strengthened in Jingmen City.

At present, the strategy of schistosomiasis control is comprehensive control based on infectious source control. This paper discusses the comprehensive control measures, and suggests that we should strengthen the investigation of infectious sources and strengthen the control of infected Oncomelania snails.

Objective: To study the effects of surface roughness and titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrates on attachment of osteoblasts in vitro., Methods: 250 pure titanium slices were divided into five groups. Osteoblasts were cultured on five cp-Ti substrates of ground, which blasted with 108-130 microm (S1), 216-301 microm (S2), 356-411 microm (S3) TiO2 particles and titanium-sprayed plasma (TPS) surfaces, surfaces prepared by hand grinding with SiC paper to 600 grits served as control (S0). Surface average roughness and the TiO2 film structure was evaluated. For morphology and attachment measurement, osteoblasts were cultured for 1, 4, 12 and 24 h, evaluated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation and MTr assay., Results: Osteoblasts spread well on the titanium surfaces. Further more, osteoblasts spread more well on S3 surfaces. After 1 and 4 h culture, the number of cells on S3 surfaces was the highest (P < 0.05). The number of cells on S3 surfaces was the same (P > 0.05) as TPS surfaces and higher than other groups (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. The number of cells of all experimental groups were higher than S0 surfaces after 4, 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: It was concluded that the coarse TiO2 particles blasted surface would optimize initial osteoblast responses.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcomes after transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer., Methods: Patients undergoing transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer at the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University were included., Results: Three patients underwent transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for sigmoid colon cancer and 1 for rectal cancer between August 2010 and September 2010. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. No conversion was required. The mean operative time was 206 min and the mean estimated blood loss was 75 ml. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 21. Patients were ambulatory in the same day of surgery or postoperative day 1. Length of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 10 days., Conclusions: Transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery is safe for colorectal cancer. Long-term outcomes warrant further investigation.

Objective: To investigate nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) and its receptors expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma., Methods: Expression and distribution of beta-NGF, tyrosine kinase A (TrKA) and P75(NGFR) were detected in operation tissue specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Relations of beta-NGF and its receptors with clinical pathological characters, especially nerve invasion were analyzed., Results: beta-NGF and TrKA expression are higher in pancreatic adenocarcinoma than normal pancreas, and the differences are significant (P < 0.01). beta-NGF and TrKA expression are associated with the differentiation grades (DG), lymphatic node metastasis, nerve invasion and surgical pathological stages. Poorer of DG and later stages, more expression of beta-NGF and TrKA. beta-NGF and TrKA expression have positive correlations. beta-NGF, TrKA and P75(NGFR) mRNA expression have significantly increased 3.84, 4.23 and 2.41 times than normal tissues by real-time PCR, respectively., Conclusions: beta-NGF and TrKA might play potential roles in carcinogenesis for pancreatic cancer, have affinity with clinicopathological characters of pancreatic cancer. beta-NGF and TrKA may have mutual effect in signal transduction leading to perineural invasion of pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective: To develop a best chitosan film for using as a drug sustained-release system through the evaluation of the sustained-release property, degradation property, and cytotoxicity to osteoblast., Methods: Orthogonal experiments were designed to determine the best combination of chitosan film preparations. Drug release rate was determined with Coomassie brilliant blue G250. In a separate study, chitosan films were placed into the test tubes with buffer solution and 10(7) U/L lysozyme. The degradation rate was calculated. Osteoblasts derived from fetal rat calvarial were cultured on chitosan films. Cell proliferation was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The relative growth rate was calculated and the cytotoxicity was graded., Results: The best processing condition was 1% acetic acid, chitosan concentration of 2 mg/mL, 6% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) concentration, and cross-linking time of one hour. The resulting chitosan film released 33.13% of bovine serum albumin (BSA) within 8 d, 36.73% of BSA within four weeks and the cytotoxicity grade was 0 or 1., Conclusion: This chitosan film possesses good sustained release property, and a good degradation rate.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To study the effects of TiO2 blasted and acid-etched surfaces of cp-titanium on changing composition of oxide-film and attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro., Methods: cp-titanium discs were prepared and divided into 4 groups: TiO2 blasted (SB), sandBlasted and acid-etching (SLA1 and SLA2) and machine-polished surface (S1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to test surface morphology and composition of oxide-film. Osteoblasts were cultured on the titanium surface of 4 groups. MTT assay was used to measure the attachment and proliferation., Results: In regard to surface roughness, average roughness for SB, SLA1 and SLA2 was obviously higher than S0 Oxygen ratio increased on SB,contrarily, it decreased on SLA. A mixture of anatase and rutile-type crystals were observed in the SB. Smaller anatase were observed in the SLA1 and SLA2. The oxide thickness on SLA surface was thiner than that on the SB surface. Alter 1, 4, 24 hours' culture, the number of osteoblast attachment on SB surfaces was the highest (P < 0.05). The number of cells osteoblast proliferation was the highest on SB after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days' culture (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The thickness and chemical composition of oxide film play an important role in osteoblast attachment and proliferation at the same roughness surface. It is concluded that osteobla.st attachment and proliferation are better on SB surfaces than on SLA1 and SLA2 surfaces.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of grooved, alkali- and heat-treated, acid-etched and TiO2 blasted surfaces of titanium substrates on F-actin cytoskeleton of osteoblasts in vitro., Methods: Osteoblasts derived from fetal rat calvarial were cultured on 6 different commercially pure titanium discs-grooved(G), sandblasted (SB), sand-blasted and acid-etching (SLA) surfaces and alkali- and heat-treated (AH1, AH2, AH3) surfaces. For F-actin cytoskeleton measurement, osteoblasts whose filamentous actin was stained with phalloidin-TRITC were cultured for 1, 2, 4, 12 h, evaluated by CLSM observation., Results: Osteoblasts attached to the different types of surfaces after 1 hour culture were similar. The actin cytoskeleton formed a ring of cortical filaments around the nucleus after 1 hour on SB, AH2, AH3, SLA surfaces. Actin filaments condensed along edges of pits. The actin filaments of seeded cells were spread after 2 h. The actin filaments on G formed bundles around the nucleus. The filaments began to parallel to the grooves. On AH1, the fibres formed a ring of cortical filaments around the nucleus with some cytoplasmic fibres radially oriented. On AH2, AH3, SB, the fibres orignised in a cytoplasmic meshwork with fibres which terminate at the ridge of depressions. The cell were suspending itself over the depressed areas. Actin filaments on SB were distinct and well formed that were oriented paralled to one another and the long axis of cells. After 4 h, actin filaments appeared organised in a parallel to one another and the long axis of cells. After 12 h, the actin filaments on all surfaces were well spread and were oriented paralled to another and to the long axis of the cell. The filaments formed bundles which reached to holes or adhered to the ridge of raised points, suspending cells over depressed areas., Conclusion: After 12 h, the actin filaments on all surfaces were well spread and were oriented parallel to another and to the long axis of the cell. It was concluded that F-actin cytoskeleton of osteoblasts were spread best on SB surfaces among all surfaces.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of QT dispersion (QTd) and ST/heart rate slope (ST/HRs) at the end of ECG exercise test plus ST-segment depression on diagnosing restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Between November 2001 and December 2003, 129 patients underwent PCI successfully, and they were examined 3-6 months later. At the end of treadmill exercise, QTd and ST/HRs were measured. All patients also accepted coronary angiography to ascertain whether he/she had restenosis. The results of QTd and ST/HRs plus ST-segment depression were then evaluated., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of QTd and ST/HRs plus ST-segment depression were 84.6% and 80.4% respectively. Both of them were significantly higher than conventional ST-segment depression standard (sensitivity was 53.3% and specificity was 66.7%, P<0.05)., Conclusion: Measuring QTd and ST/HRs at the end of ECG treadmill exercise test plus ST-segment depression can be used for the diagnosis of restenosis after PCI.

Objective: To evaluate the bone-implant interfaces of two kinds of implants with different surfaces in different time in vivo., Methods: CDIC and ITI-TPS solid-screw cylinder pure titanium implants were selected and implanted in the regions of posterior molars of rhesus monkeys. 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 1 year after surgery, the bone-implant interfaces were evaluated respectively through oral examination, X-ray inspection, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation., Results: None of the implants was loose. Soft tissue around implants appeared no inflammation. There were no apparent transparent shadow around the implants interfaces in X-ray photos except little angle-shaped absorption was showed in neck region of CDIC implants of one-month. New bone was observed around implants of one-month through light microscope and SEM. More bone growing around ITI implants were seen than that around CDIC implants except the interfaces of one-year., Conclusion: The osseointegration of ITI implants are better than that of CDIC implants during three months after implanting without loading. The bone formation at the interfaces of ITI and CDIC implants has no significant difference after one year without loading.