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Objective To assess the nutritional status and dietary quality of medical students and its influencing factors. Methods Students from Shanghai Medicial College of Fudan University were recruited to complete the 7-day and 24-hour dietary records, with food consumption measured by weight. A comprehensive evaluation of the students’ dietary quality was carried out by comparing their actual nutrient intake against recommended levels and calculating the component score of the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI). Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. All subjects were further divided into high score group and low score group based on total CHEI. Binary Logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing dietary quality. Results The study participants had an average daily energy intake of (2 057.02±501.87) kcal/d, 80% from on-campus canteen meals. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats contributed to 48.90%, 16.55% and 36.07% of the total energy intake, respectively. The CHEI median score was 67.55. Component scores for tubers, vegetables, fruits, dairy, fish and seafood, and nuts were below 60%, indicating an unbalanced diet. Being in the graduate stage (OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.28-0.98) and having unreasonable body weight expectations (OR=0.37, 95%CI：0.17-0.81) were associated with lower CHEI scores. Conversely, higher CHEI scores were associated with the fruit-dairy dietary pattern (OR=8.20, 95%CI：3.39-19.84), the tuber-vegetable dietary pattern (OR=3.41, 95%CI: 1.58-7.32), and lower rates of on-campus dining (OR=1.92, 95%CI：1.02-3.59). Conclusion The energy intake of students at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University appears to be adequate. However, a relatively high proportion of energy supply from fat intake indicates a need for improvement in their dietary structure. The dietary quality of students is mainly influenced by their educational level, weight expectations and dietary patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In the context of the diminishing marginal effect of income quantity on diet quality, exploring the effect of income quality on the diet quality of farming households helps to address the bottleneck issue in the effect of income quality on diet quality improvement and provides a basis for the formulation of diet quality improvement measures. [Methods] Using the survey data of 510 farming households in Shaanxi Province in 2022, this study first measured the income quality of farming households by using the entropy value method from five dimensions: income quantity, structure, stability, cost involved, and contribution of knowledge. Second, the diet quality of farming households was evaluated by examining the deviation of actual food intake from recommended intake. On this basis, the impact of income quality on the diet quality of farming households and its heterogeneity were analyzed empirically. [Results] The improvement of income quality significantly improved the diet quality of farming households, reduced the deviation of cereals and potatoes, eggs, aquatic products, legumes, and nuts intake from the recommended intake of dietary pagoda, optimized the dietary structure, and significantly improved the diet quality of farming households, and the effect of income quality on the diet quality of low-income farming households was more obvious. [Conclusion] Enhancing the income quality of farming households is an important way to break through the bottleneck of improving the diet quality. It is recommended to improve the income quality of farming households by increasing income sources, strengthening skills training, promoting agricultural insurance and improving the medical insurance system, so as to improve the diet quality of farming households. And in the process of policy formulation, it is necessary to favor low-income groups and establish a more diversified food supply system.

ObjectiveTo assess diet quality of pregnant women using dietary balance index and analyze related factors of die quality. Methods Totally 400 healthy pregnant women (24 – 30 weeks of gestation) were recruited at maternal and child health institutions in two districts of Beijing and a prefecture of Shandong province for a voluntary survey from November 2020 to April 2021. Information on dietary intake and related factors were collected by interviews with 3-day 24-hour food frequency recall instrument and a self-designed questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using Chinese Diet Balance Index-Pregnancy (DBI-P). ResultsValid data from 346 of the women were finally included in the analysis. The median of higher bound score (HBS) (25th percentile [P25], 75th percentile [P75]) was 2.00 (0.00, 2.00) and the proportion of the women assessed as having excessive food intake was 11.00%; the median of lower bound score (LBS) was – 22.00 (– 27.00, – 15.00) and the proportion of insufficient intake was 85.80%; the median of diet quality distance (DQD) was 23.00 (17.75 – 28.00) and the proportion of dietary balance was 21.7%. For all the women, the median (P25, P75) was 242.73 (186.29, 300.95) g for the intake of cereal and potato food, 330.68 (191.69, 498.83) g for vegetables, 23.38 (0 , 129.00) g for fruits, 104.09 (50.98, 234.48) g for milk, 16.33 (0, 54.52) g for soybeans and nuts, 106.41 (61.75, 168.94) g for livestock and poultry meat, 23.64 (0, 59.37) g for fish and shrimp, and 18.84 (0 – 56.24) g for eggs, respectively. The women′s dietary quality differed significantly by education, household income per capita, community food environment, and nutrition literacy. The women with higher education, household income per capita, planned pregnancy, and better community food environment had significantly lower LBS and DQD scores (P < 0.05 for all) ; the women with higher nutrition literacy had significantly lower DQD score (P < 0.05); but the women′s HBS′s score was not significantly related to all of the above factors. ConclusionFor second/third trimester pregnant women in two regions of China, the dietary quality is obviously unbalanced and influenced mainly by education, household income per capita, and community environment. Targeted measures need to be promoted to improve dietary condition of the women.

Objective To evaluate the diet quality of pregnant women in Shaanxi Province by Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy （DBI＿P） and investigate the influencing factors. Methods By using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, 7375 pregnant women in 30 districts （counties） of Shaanxi Province were recruited. A structured questionnaire was adopted to collect general information in pregnancy, and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary information in pregnancy. DBI＿ P was used to evaluate the diet quality during pregnancy, and the factors influencing diet quality were assessed by multiple linear regression. Results More than 50% pregnant women had inadequate intakes of dairy products, fish and shrimp, meat and poultry, vegetables, eggs, fruits and diet variety. More than 69% pregnant women had excessive intakes of cooking oil, cereals and salt. The average values of high bound score, low bound score, and diet quality distance were 12.9, 19.5, and 32.5, respectively. The proportions of medium inadequate, excessive, and imbalance of dietary intakes were 20.3%, 22.55%, and 40.8%, respectively. DBI＿LBS during pregnancy was negatively correlated with childbearing age, education level, family per capita annual income, antenatal examination frequency and folic acid supplementation, but positively correlated with living in southern and northern Shaanxi, residing in rural areas, being farmers, and drinking alcohol. DBI＿HBS during pregnancy was negatively correlated with living in southern and northern Shaanxi, but positively correlated with active/passive smoking and drinking strong tea. DBI＿DQD during pregnancy was negatively correlated with education level, family per capita annual income, antenatal examination frequency and folic acid supplementation, but positively correlated with living in southern Shaanxi, residing in rural areas, being farmers, parity, active/passive smoking, and drinking strong tea and coffee. Conclusion The dietary intake of pregnant women in Shaanxi Province was insufficient and unbalanced, and the dietary quality was affected by sociodemographic and life behavior factors during pregnancy. Nutritional intervention measures should be targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundBoth domestic and foreign studies on the diet quality of patients with thyroid nodules are rare at present, and the relationship between thyroid nodules and diet quality is still unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the diet quality of thyroid nodules with the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) and to explore the relationship between diet quality and thyroid nodules.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based case-control study in which 387 patients with thyroid nodules were matched individually (1∶1) by gender and age (±3 years) to the controls who ordered a routine physical examine and with negative thyroid nodules reported by B-ultrasound in the same hospital. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on general characteristics and diet. CHDI was employed to evaluate the diet quality of the two groups. CHDI is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and the recommended food intake in the balanced diet pagoda, combined with the dietary nutritional status of Chinese population. The index contains 13 scoring components, and the highest total score is 100, with a higher score representing better dietary quality. CHDI scores < 60, 60-

BackgroundThere are few studies on the diet quality of patients with thyroid cancer, and the relationship between diet quality and thyroid cancer remains uncertain.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the diet quality with the Chinese Health Diet Index (CHDI) and to explore the relationship between diet quality and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA 1∶1 gender- and age-matched hospital-based case-control study included newly diagnosed PTC patients and matched controls from Shanghai Cancer Hospital and Renji Hospital (East) in Shanghai, China. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on general characteristics, history of diseases, dietary intakes, and lifestyles. Food intakes in the past one year were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, from which the CHDI score was calculated. The CHDI, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, was employed to evaluate the diet quality of the two groups. A multiple conditional logistic regression model was conducted to explore the relationship between diet quality and PTC.ResultsA total of 350 pairs of cases and controls were recruited. The overall median CHDI score of the cases was lower than that of the controls (67.8 vs. 73.4, P

Objective: To explore the relationship between dietary quality and metabolic syndrome(MS) in the population aged 45 to 59 in Zhejiang Province., Methods: Selecting the 45-59 year old population as the research object from the 2022 nutrition and health monitoring data of residents in Zhejiang Province. Dietary data was obtained by the 24-hour dietary review method on 3 consecutive days and the weighing method of household cooking oil and condiments, and dietary quality was evaluated using the China health diet index(CHDI), which was categorized into four groups according to quartiles of CHDI scores. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different CHDI score groups and MS and its components., Results: A total of 1421 study participants were included, with a mean CHDI score of(56.83±11.80) and a prevalence of MS of 24.5%. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and physical activity, the Q4 group with the highest CHDI score had a decreased risk of developing MS(OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.40-0.82), hypertension(OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.81), and elevated fasting blood glucose(OR=0.41, 95%CI 0.26-0.65) compared to the Q1 group with the lowest CHDI score. After conducting gender subgroup analysis, it was found that: the risk of developing MS, hypertension and high triglycerides was decreased in the Q4 group of CHDI scores in females compared with the Q1 group(P&lt;0.05), whereas in males only high CHDI scores were found to be a protective factor for elevated fasting blood glucose(P&lt;0.05)., Conclusion: The quality of diet is negatively associated with the risk of MS, hypertension and hyperglycemia in people aged 45-59 years in Zhejiang Province, and there are gender differences in the relationship between CHDI and MS and its components.

Objective: To Develop the China Prime Diet Quality Score(CPDQS) and evaluate the relationship between dietary quality and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults., Methods: CPDQS was conducted by 22 components, including dark green vegetables, dark red/orange vegetables, other vegetables, dark yellow fruits, citrus fruits, other fruits, whole grains/legumes, sweet potato, other potatoes, soybean, nuts, poultry, fish and shrimp, milk, eggs, red meat, fried food, refined grains, sugar sweetered beverages, salt, cooking oil, and alcohol. CPDQS components were selected based on Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and the values of each CPDQS components were set according to the dietary recommendations of foods and nutrients. According to the recommended amount of all kinds of foods under energy requirements of 2000 kcal in the Balanced Diet Pagoda, the basic score for each kind of food was 0-4, and the total score of the 22 components ranges from 0 to 100. Dietary quality of Chinese residents was evaluated according to CPDQS by analyzing data of adults aged 20-80 from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012., Results: Mean of CPDQS for Chinese residents aged 20 and above was 40. 28±0. 08. CPDQS was higher in urban areas than in rural areas with median 48 and 39 respectively. CPDQS of female was slightly higher than that of male with median 44 and 43 respectively. CPDQS showed significantly correlation with all kinds of nutrients, in which correlation coefficient with carbohydrate and MPA was-0. 18 and 0. 35. With the increase of CPDQS score, the risk of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-emia and metabolic syndrome decreased. After multi-factor adjustment, ORs of the highest quantile-group were 0. 73(95%CI 0. 63-0. 84), 0. 72(95%CI 0. 63-0. 83), 0. 67(95%CI 0. 57-0. 78), 0. 85(95%CI 0. 73-0. 99) and 0. 72(95%CI 0. 61-0. 85), respectively compared with the lowest quantile-group., Conclusion: CPDQS is a simplified index for comprehensive evaluation of dietary quality and it can reflect differences in diet quality among people in different regions and different health conditions. CPDQS could be used as an effective tool for evaluation of dietary quality.

Objective: To evaluate the overall diet quality and diet structure condition of Uygur adult residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang using diet balance index( DBI-07)., Methods: Using stratified random cluster sampling method, choose 1604 Uygur residents with a dietary survey of the 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days and analyzed by the method of diet balance index., Results: 75. 0% of Uygur residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang had moderate degree of unbalanced dietary quality( DQD = 33. 77), 74. 4% of them had a moderate deficiencies of intake( LBS = 26. 43) and 48. 2% of them had a low intake of excessive( HBS = 7. 34). The degree of unbalanced dietary quality and deficiencies of intake and diet excessive in the countryside were higher than in the city. Whether in the cities or the countryside, male had a higher level of dietary excessive and imbalance than female( P < 0. 05), there was no statistical significance in different ages in the city, but there was a statistically significant difference in the countryside( P < 0. 05). The degree of diet excessive in 18-44 age groups was higher than other age groups, the degree of diet deficiencies in 18-44 age groups was lower than other age groups. The higher the degree of education was in the cities, the higher the degree of diet excessive was, and the lower the degree of diet deficiencies was. Dietary pattern of Uygur residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang were the Pattern A, B, D and E, the major dietary pattern was the pattern B, which occupied 77. 0% of the total population. The intakes of vegetables and fruits, milk, beans and eggs were insufficient, especially milk and beans, and intakes of cereal, edible oil and salt were excessive., Conclusion: The DBI-07 method is well evaluated the dietary condition and existing problems of Uygur residents. So it is essential to improve the consciousness of Uygur residents about balanced diet with effective interventions for different populations.