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Copyright of Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences is the property of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing application of solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology has improved the development of various fields. The advantages of this technology are that it facilitates on-site sampling and sample preparation, realizes high-throughput automatic operation, and can be combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for remote monitoring. Further improvements to the speed, efficiency and specificity of this technology are, however, still required. SPME has now been applied to plant and insect volatiles, insect sex pheromones and egg volatiles. Here, we summarize the methods, disadvantages and advantages of solid-phase microextraction, and the optimal extraction materials for different insect semio-chemicals. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the selection of optimal methods and materials, thereby increasing the speed and efficiency of sample preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), transmits a variety of pathogens and synthesizes nearly ten protein substances that trigger human allergies and asthma. With its strong fecundity and super resistance to various kinds of chemical pesticides, B. germanica is currently regarded as the most difficult to control global, household, insect pest. B. germanica uses sex pheromones for communication between the sexes. These pheromones are synthesized by sexually mature adult females. Their main function is to attract and stimulate male courtship and induce mating. Sex pheromone biosynthesis is therefore one of the core steps of sexual communication in this species. Articles on the regulation of sex pheromone synthesis in B. germanica have gradually increased in recent years, however, there has so far been no critical review summarizing progress and prospects for future research. This paper reviews important progress in research on contact sex pheromone biosynthesis and molecular regulation in B. germanica over the past three decades. It introduces researches on chemical composition and biosynthetic sites, focuses on the identification and characterization of key enzymatic genes involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway and the regulation of sex pheromone synthesis by the coordination between sex differentiation and juvenile hormone signaling. Prospects for future research are outlined with the aim of providing new theoretical support to develop new strategies for regulating cockroach behavior and new cockroach baits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To investigate cockroach community structure in the Wuhan area, including long-term changes in the abundance of different species and successional characteristics, in order to improve the control of urban cockroaches. [Methods] We used fresh bread crumbs as bait and sticky paper to trap and investigate the diversity of the cockroach community in six typical habitats, including residential areas, restaurants, hotels, farmers' markets, hospitals and supermarkets in the Wuhan area from 1995 to 2019. [Results] A total of 41 257 cockroaches were captured, which were classified into 1 family, 2 genera and 4 species. Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa were the dominant species, with relative abundances of 77.99% and 15.36%, respectively. Periplaneta americana was a common species with a relative abundances of 6.64%, whereas Periplaneta australasiae was a rare species with a relative abundance of just 0.01%. Consistent with the annual trend in overall cockroach density, annual variation in B. germanica density first increased, then decreased. Annual variation in the density of P. fuliginosa and P. americana trended downwards. Cockroaches can be captured throughout the year in the Wuhan area but there is a single peak in abundance September. There were significant differences in cockroach density between different habitats (F=9.048, P<0.01). The highest density (1.65 per trap) was in farmers' markets where the annual population trend was upward, whereas the lowest density (0.11 per trap) was in hospitals where populations tended to be stable. The density of cockroaches in residential areas slowly decreased over time, and that in restaurants and hotels first increased, then decreased. Cockroach communities in different years can be divided into four groups by systematic clustering and a non-metric multidimensional scale ranking analysis. [Conclusion] Cockroach community structure in the Wuhan area has undergone significant changes. The dominant species have gradually changed from P. fuliginosa and P. americana to B. germanica. There were obvious annual changes in the population density of different species in different habitats. It is necessary to focus the prevention and control of cockroaches in key places such as farmers' markets, restaurants, hotels, and supermarkets. There is a particular need for vigilance in farmer's markets to prevent cockroaches reaching high densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genome contains the accumulated genetic information of a species, and genome size is an important metric for studying genome structure, function and evolution. Here, we briefly introduce the methods for estimating genome size and the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary forces underlying changes in animal genome size. We also review current progress in studying insect genome size, especially the correlation between genome size and variable phenotypic characteristics in insects. In general, evolutionary change in insect genome size is a quite complex process that is closely related to transposon. Genome size is the result of the balance between DNA loss and gain. Insect genome size is still evolving, which in turn influences the phenotypic characteristics of insects to various degrees, however, the explicit relationship between these two features remains obscure. Since they have the highest diversity of all animal taxa, insects are good models for studying genome size evolution. Further analysis of insect genome data facilitates uncovering evolutionary changes in insect genome size, which may also shed light on the "C-value enigma". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of urban entomology in China began in the mid-1980s and great progress has since been made in this field. Urban ecosystems differ from natural or agricultural ecosystems because urbanization has a significant impact on the biology of urban insects. Urban pests have their own characteristics, and the concepts and methods of integrated pest management therefore need to be modified to suit urban environments. Urban pests mainly include health pests, storage product pests and garden pests. Research on urban pests has increasingly become of interest to entomologists. In this review, we mainly focus on the ecological traits of urban insects, the characteristics of the urban pest community, the status of genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of resistance and integrated pest management in urban ecosystems. We also describe the internal causes of urban pest outbreaks and the principles for formulating integrated pest control strategies. Meanwhile, future research directions and prospects for new control methods for urban pests are discussed to provide a basis for developing new control strategies for these pests in China. Finally, we also discuss several control strategies based on molecular, or insect incompatibility, technology that could be promising additions to future urban IPM programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)