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Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with recurrent intracranial bifurcation aneurysms,after initial simple coiling or microsurgical clipping. Methods: Clinical data of 20 patients with recurrent intracranial bifurcation aneurysms who initially underwent simple coiling or surgical clipping and subsequently re-treated by stent-assisted coiling embolization at the Radiology Intervention Department of Huashan Hospital between March 2009 and November 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.There were 9 males and 11 females,with a median age of 55.5 years (range:33 to 71 years),including 17 aneurysms initially treated with simple coiling and 3 treated with surgical clipping.All cases were re-treated with stent-assisted coiling,15 using a single stent and 5 employing two stents in a Y-configuration.Peri-and post-operative complications and outcomes were evaluated.Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the follow-up duration between initial treatment and re-treatment.Student's t tests were used to compare the parent artery angles before re-treatment, after re-treatment and at the last follow-up. The parent artery angle was defined using the proximal main trunk and the stented branch. Results: Immediate complete occlusion (Raymond Ⅰ) was achieved in 18 aneurysms (90.0%) while 2 aneurysms (10.0%) had a residual neck (Raymond Ⅱ).The median follow-up time( M ( Q R )) was 8.5(16.3)months,which had no significantly different from the initial treatment follow-up duration (15.5(27.0)months)( U =157.7, P =0.25). During the follow-up period,2 aneurysms (10.0%) with immediate post-operative residual necks recanalized again,including 1 aneurysm re-treated with the Y-configuration stent.Symptomatic thromboembolic complications occurred in 6 patients,including 4 re-treated with the Y-configuration stent.No peri-operative hemorrhagic complications occurred,along with no operation-related permanent disability or death. The parent artery angle increased significantly from pre-operative(90.1±21.1)°to post-operative and the last follow-up ((115.4±28.9)° and (132.6±26.8)°); t =5.14, P <0.01; t =7.78, P <0.01). Conclusion: For recurrent intracranial bifurcation aneurysms after initial surgical clipping or simple coiling,stent assisted coil embolization is proved to be safe and can decrease recurrence rate.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of anterior decompression and stability reconstruction in patients with cervical hyperextension injury. Methods: Postoperative data from 60 patients with cervical hyperextension injury between April 2009 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively; the patients included 50 males and 10 females, aged 21-87 years [average, (57±13) years]. All patients had various degrees of spinal cord injury, and were treated with anterior cervical decompression, fusion, and internal fixation.The preoperative and postoperative neurological function were compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the treatment.The t test was applied when preoperative and postoperative data were compared. Results: Of the 60 patients, 5 underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, 26 underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, and 29 received treatment with the hybrid technique.The average follow-up was (5.1±2.1) years (range, 1.6-9.1 years). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, abbreviated injury scale (AIS grades), and Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores (JOA scores) at the 1 week post operation and final follow-up were significantly better than those obtained preoperatively (all P <0.01). The JOA scores before operation and at the final follow-up was 10(7, 11) and 16(14, 17), respectively.Based on the recovery rate of JOA scores, the rate of cure was 28.3% (17 cases), the rate of significant efficiency was 60.0% (36 cases), the rate of efficiency was 8.3% (5 cases), the rate of inefficiency was 3.3% (2 cases). Among the patients showing cure, 5 were satisfied with the life function, however, the extent of their injury was still of Grade D owing to the incomplete recovery of muscle force.Further, when the 60 patients were divided into A and B groups according to whether they had congenital spinal stenosis or not, respectively, and no significant difference was found in ASIA scores, AIS grades and JOA scores between the groups (all P <0.01). Conclusion: Anterior cervical decompression, fusion and internal fixation is safe and effective for cervical hyperextension injury without continuous-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Single-cell whole genome amplification (WGA) is a new technology, which can amplify small amounts of DNA from single cell and obtain the high coverage whole genome DNA template for revealing cell heterogeneity. Single cell WGA methods mainly include primer extension preamplification PCR (PEP-PCR), degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP-PCR), multiple displacement amplification (MDA), and multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC). In this review, we describe the principles and applications of different single cell genome wide amplification, and we evaluate and compare their amplification efficiency, including the coverage of genome, homogeneity, reproducibility, and detection power of single-nucleotide variants (SNV) and copy number variants (CNV). The results show that MALBAC have the highest amplification homogeneity, the lowest allelic gene knockdown rate, the best reproducibility, and the best detection effect on CNV and SNV. We also describe the applications of MALBAC in human single sperm meiosis, aneuploidy analysis, and human oocyte genome research.

Seasonal breeding is an important factor limiting sheep production efficiency. Detailed analysis on the molecular mechanisms of seasonal breeding is the premise for improving estrus and mating rate of sheep during anestrus. Recent research showed that under long-photoperiod and short-photoperiod conditions, a series of changes in signaling molecules and cell morphology could be observed in ovine seasonal reproduction pathway. Based on the molecular mechanisms of seasonal reproduction, several technologies or methods for inducing estrus and mating of ewes in anestrus have been developed. In this review, photoperiod-induced changes in signaling molecules and cell morphology in pituitary and hypothalamic tissue are first summarized in terms of the molecular mechanisms and characteristics of seasonal reproduction. The application effect, advantages and disadvantages for applying these technologies for inducing estrus and mating of ewes in anestrus are then discussed, thereby providing the critical insights in identifying a new technology, which is environmentally friendly and efficient, to improve breeding rate in anestrus.

Objective: To investigate interventional effect of APP on prognosis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Method: One hundred and forty-four chronic rhinosinusitis patients in our hospital were divided into observation group and control group randomly; observation group had 71 patients, and control group had 73 patients. The control group was treated with standard discharge instruction. In addition to standard discharge instruction, observation group was followed up and directed by using of APP. Two groups' VAS scores and Lund-Kennedy scores were compared in admission time, and 6 months after discharge. Result: There was no significant difference in the Lund-Kennedy scores and VAS scores between the two groups in admission time. However, 6 months after discharge, Lund-Kennedy scores and VAS scores in observation group were obviously lower than control group( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of healthy APP can significantly promote patients with chronic rhinosinusitis recovery and re-visit after endoscopic sinus surgery., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the interventional effect of smart-phone application on development of complications of chemoradiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after discharge. Method: Sixty-five NPC patients receving first chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into two groups. Control group including 33 patients, use traditional oral Health education. Intervention group including 32 patients, use a smart-phone application after discharge. The smart-phone application with text and graphics was established to conduct health education and dynamically manage discharged patients for promoting themselves health management. Poisonous side reactions and quality of life of two groups were investigated at discharge and 6 months after discharge. Result: There were not significant difference between two groups on complications of chemoradiotherapy and quality of life at discharge. After discharge 6 months, the incidence of oral mucositis, dry mouth, nasal obstruction and difficulty in opening mouth of intervention group were lower than control group significantly, while the quality of life of intervention group higher than control group significantly ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Smart-phone application can reduce complications of chemoradiotherapy, and improve the quality of life in patients with NPC after discharge., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the influences of staphylococcus aureus in planktonic and biofilm forms on the expression of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in the human sinonasal explant model., Method: Mucosa samples from ethmoid sinus were collected from ten patients of cerebrospinal fluid leak and were cultured with and without S. aureus biofilms and planktonic cells. After the infection, the explant model was confirmed by CLSM, and the secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 8, 16, and 24 h after S. aureus challenge. Expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in mRNA and protein levels after 24 h S. aureus challenge were detected using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western bolt assay respectively., Result: The secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in the explant model was observed with a trend to increase in a time-dependent manner. At 8 and 16 h after S. aureus challenge, the secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in biofilms group was significantly higher than these in planktonic cells group and control group (P<0. 05). S. aureus biofilms enhanced the mRNA expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 significantly compared with planktonic cells and controls, and the mRNA expressions in the explant model challenged by planktonic cells were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.05). Although the Western bolt assay showed no differences between the lysozyme expression in the planktonic cells group and control group (P > 0.05), the biofilms enhanced the expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 significantly compared with planktonic cells and controls (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: S. aureus biofilm induced the expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 to a higher level than planktonic cells, indicating that S. aureus biofilm was an influencing factor on the innate immune system.

Objective: To investigate the main allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Zhengzhou district., Methods: Twenty standardization allergens were used to perform skin prick test in 1 139 patients with allergic rhinitis. The samples were divided into four groups according to the age of the patients. The distributions of different allergens in the four groups were analyzed., Results: The top five inhaled allergens were dermatophagoides farina (920 cases, 80.8%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (870 cases, 76.4%), cat hair (517 cases, 45.4%), herbs (397 cases, 34.9%) and poaceae (353 cases, 31.0%); the top five ingestive ones were shrimp (143 cases, 12.6%), peanut (66 cases, 5.8%), egg (56 cases, 4.9%), carp (51 cases, 4.5%) and meat (48 cases, 4.2%). The distribution of allergens was different among the different age groups., Conclusion: Dust mites, cat hair, herbs and poaceae were the most common allergens in Zhengzhou district.

Genetic polymorphisms of microsatellite locus BMS2508, which was closely linked to the ovine fecundity gene FecB, were detected in prolific (Small Tail Han sheep) and non-prolific breeds of sheep (Texel, Dorset and Chinese Merino). The linkage disequilibrium between microsatellite locus BMS2508 and FecB gene of Small Tail Han sheep was also analyzed. There was the same mutation (A746G) of BMPR-IB gene in Small Tail Han sheep as that of FecB in Booroola Merino ewes, but the FecB mutation was absent in Texel, Dorset and Chinese Merino sheep. The genotype frequencies of BB, B+ and ++ were 0.485, 0.398 and 0.117 in Small Tail Han sheep, respectively. There were eight alleles varied from 94 bp to 116 bp and 15 genotypes detected at BMS2508 locus in four sheep breeds totally 438 individual. The preponderant allele was 100 bp, 94 bp, 94 bp, 112 bp, 100 bp, 100 bp, 112 bp, and the frequency was 0.453, 0.544, 0.802, 0.475, 0.483, 0.439, 0.389 in Small Tail Han (n=307), Texel (n=45), Dorset (n=46), Chinese Merino (n=40), and BB group (n=149), B+ group (n=122), ++ group (n=36) from Small Tail Han, respectively. In Small Tail Han sheep, linkage analysis indicated that there was certain linkage disequilibrium between 100 bp allele of microsatellite BMS2508 and B allele of FecB gene (D' =0.408), and certain linkage disequilibrium between 110 bp and 114 bp alleles of microsatellite BMS2508 and + allele of FecB gene (D'=0.513).

In mammals and humans, reproductive capacity is attained at puberty as the end-point of a complex series of developmental and neuroendocrine events that lead to true sexual maturity. As for humans, sexual precocity looks like a pathologic status. While for some animals, sexual precocity may be a valuable quantitative character. For some species, the character of sexual precocity was developed in the evolutionary process and stably transmitted to future generations. Sexual precocity is a complex character determined by polygenes. This review introduced the association between KiSS-1, GPR54, LHR, FSHR, CYP, ER, TGFa, IGF-, GNAS1, HSD3B2, SHBG, VDR genes and sexual precocity in mammals.

The steroid hormone, progesterone, plays a key role in diverse events associated with female reproduction. In humans and other vertebrates, the biological activity of progesterone is mediated by modulation of the transcriptional activity of two progesterone receptors, PGR-A and PGR-B. This review introduced the structure, expression regulation and polymorphism of progesterone receptor gene. The relationship between progesterone receptor gene and reproductive function was also discussed in mammals.

PCR-RFLP was applied to analyze the polymorphism of MSTN gene UTR in 345 sheep that comprised of eleven sheep breeds, namely Texel sheep, Charolais sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep, Monggolian sheep, Ujumqin sheep, Altay Fat-rumped sheep, Hulunbeir sheep, Tashikurgan sheep, Duolang sheep, Hu sheep, and Gangba sheep. A 271 bp and a 1 003 bp long PCR products were digested with Mboand Bsato demonstrate polymorphism in the eleven sheep breeds, which were all at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The distribution of 3 genotypes in 11 sheep breeds was significantly different (P<0.01). Digestion of the PCR products with HpyCH4 proved that 9 domestic local sheep breeds were different from Texel sheep in the SNP site that was associated with muscularity. The individual mutation base could generate the motifs for miRNA in the 3'UTR, and sequencing analysis demonstrated high frequency of mutation in the 3'UTR region.

120 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation group, the AP (acute pancreatitis) group, the naloxon treated group. AP was induced by intraductal injection of 5% sodium taurocholate solution. Naloxon was given intramuscularly at the dosage of 0.1 g/100 gw immediately after the injection and 90 minutes later. The survival rate and the mean survival time of the rats during 3 days after the induction of AP were determined. The pancreata were sampled for semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation. By using the fractional indicator distribution technique with 86 RB, QP/CO and pancreatic tissue perfusion performed 1 and 6 hours after the induction of AP, the amount of beta-endorphin in the hypothalamus and pituitary was measured 1 and 4 hours after the induction of AP. It was found in the naloxon treated group, the pancreatic blood flow and tissue perfusion was greatly increased, the mortality rate was decreased, and the rats survival time was significantly prolonged. The results suggest that: (1) The hemodynamic changes play an important role in the pathogenesis of AP. (2) Beta-Endorphin may play a role in the pathophysiological process of AP. (3) naloxon has good therapeutic effects on AP.