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In the application of traditional cryptography,people always assume that the endpoints are secure and the adversary is on the communication channel.However,the prevalence of malware and system vulnerabilities makes endpoint compromise a se-rious and immediate threat.For example,it is vulnerable to various attacks such as memory content being destroyed by viruses,randomness generator being corrupted,etc.What's worse,protocol sessions usually have a long lifetime,so they need to store session-related secret information for a long time.In this situation,it becomes essential to design high-strength security protocols even in the setting where the memory contents and intermediate values of computation (including the randomness) can be exposed.Ratchet key exchange is a basic tool to solve this problem.In this paper,we overview the definition,model and construction of ratchet key exchange,including unidirectional ratcheted key exchange,sesquidirectional ratcheted key exchange and bidirectionalratcheted key exchange,and prospect the future development of ratchet key exchange.

Intelligent material is a new type of smart multifunctional material that can spontaneously sense the change of external environment and judge, handle and properly make the response. At the same time, it's also the fourth generation material after natural material, synthetic polymer and artificial design material, triggering a new revolution in material science. Starting from the historical origin of shape memory composite, this paper details the latest development of shape memory alloy and shape memory polymer from aspects of shape memory mechanism and engineering application. The discussions of recent technological problems are also included, such as the weak biocompatibility, small deformation, slow actuation velocity and brief fatigue life of SMA as well as the complex manufacture of 3D printing, small strength and stiffness of SMP, etc. The possible near development directions are finally forecasted.

While dealing with the big data in healthcare,it was difficult for a policy maker to foresee what information a doctor may need,even to make an accurate access control policy.To deal with it,a risk-based access control model that regulates doctors’ access rights adaptively was proposed to protect patient privacy.This model analyzed the history of access,applies the EM algorithm and the information entropy technique to quantify the risk of privacy violation.Using the quantified risk,the model can detect and control the over-accessing and exceptional accessing of patients’ data.Experimental results show that this model is effective and more accurate than other models.

Because of the high-level abstraction,insufficient description of database states and constraints,it was difficult to find the tiny flaws in design and implementation.Based on PVS,a method for formal description and analysis of data-base security policy was proposed,which was more close to the actual database,more widely used in reality,and more complete in describing the safe properties,more extendible of the model,and ensure the efficiency of modeling and veri-fication.Finally,this method is applied in the security policy modeling and analyzing of BeyonDB,which is a commer-cial database,find some security risks in the system design,and thereby verify its effectiveness.

A secure Windows platform solution based on TCM was proposed to solve the integrity measurement and attestation problem of the Windows system.Two security modes were realized by extending the Windows kernel:in the measurement mode,all executable contents that were loaded onto the Windows system were measured,and the TCM provided the protection and outward attestation for these measurements; and in the control mode,the measurements were further compared with a whitelist customized by an administrator,and all the programs that were not included in the whitelist would be prohibited from running.Experiment analysis shows that proposed solution can enhance the security of Windows platform and resist some software attacks; and at the same time,the average performance overhead is about 20～30ms,which will not influence the normal running of Windows.

The current TPM,MTM and other trusted computing modules don’t take into account the variety of platforms and the update of the inside algorithms,protocols and functions.A hardware trusted execution environment module (TEEM) architecture,which uses ARM TrustZone technology to build a trusted computing module running in a secure isolated environment is designed.Proposed module not only supports variety of platforms,but also has strong mobility and portability.Moreover,it allows configuring and updating functions and algorithms of the module flexibly.A prototype system is implemented and its performance is tested.By analyzing the security of the system and the measurement results,it is shown that TEEM provides users with a safe,stable,efficient trusted execution environment.

In order to deal with exploit attacks such as APT,an approach was proposed to detect exploits based on illegal control flow transfers identification.Both static and dynamic analysis methods were performed to construct the CFSO (control flow safety outline),which was used to restrict the targets of control flow transfers occurred during the target program's running.When a call/ret/jmp was about to execute,the target was checked according to the CFSO.The illegal control flow transfer is considered as an exploit attack and all the following attacking steps could be captured.The ex-periment also showed that proposed method had decent overhead and could be applied to detect exploits online.

The security and privacy issues in SNS were studied and a privacy-preserving scheme PPSNS was proposed. PPSNS utilizes attribute-based encryption, allowing the SNS user to set up an enforcement of fine-grained access control upon the data he owns, thus the potential threats from unauthorized parties or even the SNS provider itself could be avoided. A token system in PPSNS is included to address the challenging issue of efficient attribute revocation. In addi-tion, the users in PPSNS don't have to manage as much information as they do in other encryption-based solutions, achieving a much lower cost in the client side. Analyses show that PPSNS is secure, and gives a better performance in computing and storage costs compared to most related works.

By studying the platform identity attestation base on trusted third parties, a scheme where a trusted computing platform is identified by a certificate and a token is proposed. In this scheme, only the token is used when the platform proves its identity. Compared to other schemes, this scheme not only has much lower calculation and communication, but also convinces the verifier of the trustworthiness of the client's platform state during the platform identity attestation. A detailed security proof of the proposed scheme is presented by using the protocol composition logic, and the proof shows that the scheme satisfies correctness and anonymity of platform identity verification. The experiment result in a devel-oped prototype system shows that the proposed scheme provides good performances in computation and communication, and is especially suitable for the wireless network.

Revocation is a crucial issue for the practical use of attribute-based authenticated key agreement (ABAKA) protocols. A new ABAKA protocol supporting revocation was proposed. The protocol based on Waters' ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption and Boneh-Gentry-Waters' broadcast encryption was constructed. In the protocol, revocation can be done immediately without affecting any non-revoked users and does not require users to update keys periodically by interacting with the key authority. Compared with the existing ABAKA protocols, the protocol is more efficient in communication complexity. The protocol is provably secure in the standard model and modified ABCK model. The pro-tocol can also provide weak perfect forward secrecy and key compromise impersonation resilience.

Considering the effective formal analysis for the trust chain of the trusted virtualization platform,a trust chain model which includes the virtual machine and the virtual root of trust,was proposed firstly with the detail definition of the trusted properties.Through extending the LS2,it verified the correctness and uniqueness of the trust chain formally under some conditions.Analysis for the photosystem shows the generality of the proposed trust chain model and the va-lidity of the analysis method based on the extended LS2.

The success probability of cube attack was theoretically discussed when a boolean function was chosen at random and the algebraic degree or the number of terms in its algebraic normal form representation was restricted.The results provided theoretic support to cube attack.The theoretical results meet with the experimental results of the analysis of the stream ciphers Trivium and Grain v1 very closely.

A mapping relation model should be established between data value and power value which is collected from device under attack when the power analysis attack accuse.The sensitive information can be fund through the power trace analysis using this type of relation.Hamming distance model and hamming weight model were described based on device’s physical characteristics.Furthermore,the correctness of hamming weight model was proved not only by Formula Derivation,but also by experiment under power consumption collection platform based on MCU.The experimental results show that hamming weight model is a valid and practicable model in power analysis attack.

Most of known attack signature generation systems took either black-box method or white-box method,both of which were limited in several aspects,such as costing a long time to capture sufficient samples,demanding arduous manual analysis and requiring source code of the vulnerable program.An attack signature generation method based on an innovative traceable dynamic taint analysis framework was proposed.By monitoring the vulnerable process execution,the executing trace and the constrain conditions exactly related to input data exploiting the vulnerability was extracted.Finally,by restoring the execution context and supplementing the determinant statements an executable Turing machine signature was attained.A prototype system was implemented and evaluated with different attack samples,which proved that the proposed method was able to generate accurate attack signature fast.

The paper analyzed characteristics of voltage variation of phase voltage and neutral point of single-phase grounding fault and two-phase grounding fault happened with different neutral-grounding ways. It put forward fault identification methods of whole distribution network combining with fault characteristics of three-phase and two-phase short circuit fault. The simulation result showed that the methods have advantages such as less analog parameters, simple judgement rules and quicker calculation with practical value.

To keep the data in the cloud confidential against unauthorized parties,a cryptographic access control solution called hybrid cloud re-encryption（HCRE） based on attribute-based encryption（ABE） was introduced.HCRE designed a secret sharing scheme to delegate the task of ABE re-encryption to the cloud service provider（CSP）,which alleviates the administering burdens on the data owner.Experiments show that HCRE can handle dynamic access policies in a more ef-ficient way.Additionally,HCRE does not reveal extra information of the plaintext to the CSP,thus it does no harm to the data confidentiality.

The formal security analysis was given for the trusted cryptographic module according to the specification of the trusted cryptographic module using model checking tools. The flaws in the AP protocol were pointed and the solution was given. Meanwhile, the framework was proposed for analyzing the security property of the trusted cryptographic module using the model checking tools.

Colluding clique has become the first threat to trust model. However, today’s trust models in P2P network are known as green hand in handling colluding cliques. CCD, a colluding clique detector, was proposed to detect the exis-tence of colluding clique by measuring similarity of peer’s activities, which included a mathematical description and a distributed implementation. The simulation results show that CCD is considerably effective in detecting colluding cliques and trust model with CCD is more reliable and has higher success rate than the same trust model but without CCD espe-cially when many colluding cliques exist.

Autocorrelation test was a statistical test to evaluate the correlation between one sequence and the corresponding non-cyclic left-shifted d bits sequence.It was impractical to adopt all the values of d since its range was often very wide.Three relations between parameters of randomness test were defined firstly.Then the relationships among the subclass D={1,2,m/4,m/2,3m/4,m,2m}of autocorrelation test for block cipher were studied by statistical experiments,where m was block length.The experiments show that the prefer choice of parameter d is m when doing autocorrelation test for block cipher.The method is also available for parameter selection of other randomness test for other types of cryptosystem.

The conditions that two different parameters in a same randomness test should satisfy if they are independ- ent with each other was studied based on statistical theory. And a hypothesis method was proposed to test whether two parameters were independent or not. A series of experiments were designed to study the relations among the parameters gather of poker test,which was selected as a research instance by means of this method, and the experiment results were analyzed in details. The method is general and it can be used to deal with other randomness test, such as entropy test and binary derivation test. The work is helpful to select reasonable and scientific parameters in practical randomness test.

To evaluate the large-scale computer networks,a Bayesian-network-approximate-reasoning-based method for vulnerabilities evaluation was proposed.First,it models the elements which compose the network and the factors which affect the network security.Second,it builds the attack state graph（ASG） of the computer network to describe the process of vulnerability exploitation.Then,it makes the approximate reasoning to the ASG by stochastic sampling.At last,after the samples analysis and statistic,it achieves the quantitative evaluation result and will provide the theoretical evidence to improve the network security.

A modified security model based on dynamic trusted degree security model MSMBDTD（modified security model based on dynamic trusted degree） was proposed.Based on the trusted authentication and measurement of trusted computing,MSMBDTD first gave definition of trusted degree rule.Then it analyzed dynamic transformation of trusted degree in the course of system running.And also it modified access privilege of subject,which made access range be in conformance with trusted degree.Finally,after formal description and safety analysis with proof are given,MSMBDTD can support access control based on trusted degree.

Constrained database was used to abstractly describe access request,attribute authority,policies and decision procedure. An attribute based access control model was proposed. The relationships among access request,attribute au-thority,policies and decision procedure were discussed. A special condition on which the decision procedure is terminable is proposed.

A new clock-controlled keystream generator was proposed,which was composed of three shift registers: two clock-controlled linear feedback shift registers A,B,and one clock-controlling nonlinear feedback shift register C.Let l1,l2 and l3 denote the length of A,B and C,respectively.The clock-control information is from two bit strings of feedback shift register C,and the times A and B shift are according to the Hamming weights of the two strings,respectively.The period,the linear complexity and the k error linear complexity of the keystream generator are studied,and its security was analyzed.

Based on XACML core specification and XACML administrative policy draft,a decision of XACML policy management permission was reduced to a decision of delegation decision request.The delegation decision request schema was defined.It was described that the process of reducing a policy administration request to a delegation decision request and the decision process of delegation decision request.This method can be used to check if a policy administra-tion request is valid and thereby to implement access control policy management based on extended-XACML.

The anonymous security flaw of an authentication protocol with anonymity for wireless networks which was proposed by Zhu, et al. was analyzed, and an improved protocol to a wireless authentication protocol with anonymity （IWAA） was proposed. The anonymous security of the improved protocol was analyzed in a formal way. The research results reveal that the improvement can not only achieve authentication but also have a good anonymous property and achieve the ideal security requirements of anonymity for wireless network.

Rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and salt stress can cause significant reduction in rice yield. China's total saline area is large and growing rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to screen for the salt-tolerant rice germplasm and cultivate these varieties. In this study, we evaluated the relative salt damage rate of 419 core germplasm of Guangxi rice landraces at seed germination stage under 1.5% NaCl salt stress, and identified the salt-tolerant loci by whole-genome association analysis. The results showed that the average germination rate under salt stress was 57.67%, which was significantly 92.55% lower than that of control group, and the Shapiro-Wilk test (0.9301) found that the distribution did not conform to normal distribution. Based on 208,993 SNP markers, 419 core germplasm was divided into 6 subgroups. We used general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) analysis to identify 129 and 1 significantly associated SNPs, respectively, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12. Among the 14 regions that were significantly associated with rice salt tolerance, 13 regions overlapped with previously identified or cloned salt tolerance genes. The significantly associated region Chr. 8:10,564,948-10,733,175 was reported for the first time and named qGR8. There were 53 genes in qGR8 region, 34 of which were compared with transcriptome data to obtain the expression profiles. We compared the expression profiles and speculated that LOC_Os08g17370 was a candidate gene. This gene is a member of transmembrane 9 superfamily and is up-regulated in roots and leaves of salt-tolerant parent. Thus, this gene might be a novel salt-tolerant gene in qGR8 region at germination stage in rice. These results lay a foundation for cloning new genes of salt-tolerant and provide new genetic resources for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide theoretical basis for the safety of insecticidal efficiency in Bt cotton, the effects of high temperature and drought stress on insecticidal protein expression and protein differently expression profile was studied. In this study, the Bt cotton cultivar Sikang 3 was used as experimental material, with two treatments (40% field capacity and 38 °C, HD, and 60% field capacity and 32 °C, CK). Differences in proteomics of Bt cotton between HD and CK were compared using label-free quantitative proteomics technology. The results showed that high temperature and drought caused a significant reduction of insecticidal protein content in bolls, with a decrease of 38.2 ng•g-1 FM. The analysis of differential protein expression by label-free quantitative proteomic approach showed that 83 proteins were significantly up-regulated, but 104 proteins were significantly down-regulated in HD stressed cotton plants compared with CK. 122 new proteins were detected and 167 proteins expression was not observed under stressed conditions. Results from the enrichment analysis of differently expressed protein between two treatments showed that 14 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were affected under stress. Three KEGG pathways were related to the Bt protein synthesis and degradation: carbohydrate digestion and absorption pathway, protein export pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway. In the carbohydrate digestion and absorption pathway, the starch hydrolysis ability of HD treated cotton plants increased, while the ability to phosphorylate the hexoses, fructose and glucose decreased. In protein export pathway, the peptide synthesis in HD treatment was not significantly affected, while the process of transferring peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum was prohibited. In the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway, the ability of ubiquitin mediated proteolysis was increased in HD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present study was conducted to breed early/late-cropping dual-usage super rice variety with strong heterosis, high yield, wide adaptability in order to provide supports on high-yield, stable yield and food safety production in Guangxi. [Method]In 2004 a self-bred photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile line Guike-2S, and a strong restoring line with wide compatibility Guihui 582, was crossed to obtain Guiliangyou 2, followed by investigating its comprehensive trait performances in variety comparative test in 2005, and Guangxi regional trial and producing tial of early season late-maturing rice group during 2006-2007. [Result]Guiliangyou 2 has characteristicss of strong heterosis, high yield, stable yield, wide adaptability, etc. Its growth duration was 121 and 116 days at early and late cropping, respectively. The variety was charactered by 116 cm of plant height, 160 grains per panicle, 88% of seed setting rate and 22.0 g of 1000-grain weight. The yield of Guiliangyou 2 was 8797.5 kg/ha in variety comparative test in 2005, which was increased by 6.30% as compared to the control Teyou 63. In Guangxi regional trial and producing trial during 2006-2007, the average yield of Guiliangyou 2 were 8646.0, 8281.5 and 8389.5 kg/ha, which were increased by 9.17%, 8.44% and 8.10% compared with the control Teyou 63, respectively. During early cropping high-yield demonstration test (6.67 ha) in Luchuan county of Yulin city in 2007, the average yield of Guiliangyou 2 in high-yield, moderate-yield and low-yield fields was 11110.2 kg/ha. In super rice double-cropping high-yield demonstration test (6.67 ha) in Luchuan county of Yulin city in 2012, its total yield of early-and late-cropping was 21380.1 kg/ha with an average of 10690.1 kg/ha. [Conclusion]Guiliangyou 2, the first self-bred super rice variety with better application prospect, is suitable for planting as early and late rice in south regions of Guangxi, and as single early cropping rice or a middle-season rice in middle and north regions of Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by high levels of autoantibodies and multisystem damage. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) involves both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is one major cause of death in SLE patients. Pathogenesis of NPSLE is complicated. Currently it is known that there are two mechanisms to be involved in NPSLE: one is cerebrovascular injury mediated by immune complex containing autoantibodies, and the other is brain tissue damage induced by inflammatory mediators originated from autoimmunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional way takes a long time to determine the uniformity of absorbent powders in blend procedure, which is an obstacle to automation and continuation of production process of solid propellant. Near-infrared (NIR) analysis is proposed to solve that problem. A micro NIR spectrometer is used to collect the spectra of absorbent powders that are stirred continually, and the moving block of standard deviation (MBSD) algorithm is utilized to quantitatively analyze the difference between spectra of absorbent powders. The uniformity and endpoint are presented from the standard deviation-time curve. In addition, the accuracy of NIR analysis on the collected samples is confirmed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that NIR analysis is efficient, eco-friendly and safe. It is feasible to apply NIR analysis to monitor the blend uniformity of modified double-base absorbent powders online and determinate the endpoint of blend process in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively balance the contradiction between the access channels sensed time and total channel throughput in cognitive radio secondary user network system, this paper proposes a spectrum access strategy which only senses partial channel channels. The strategy optimizes the total number of sensing channels and sensing time of individual channels jointly, and solves the result through optimal stopping algorithm. The algorithm can maximize savings while achieving larger average throughput in the sensed time. The simulation analysis and comparison with HC-MAC(Hardware Constrained- Media Access Control) algorithm show that the algorithm costs shorter sensed time and has greater throughput in the same given conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of Linderae Radix water extract(LRWE) in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) based on serum metabolomics. Eighteen 2-week-old male SD rats were randomized into control, IBS-D model, and LRWE groups. The rats in other groups except the control group received gavage of senna concentrate combined with restraint stress for the modeling of IBS-D. The rats in the LRWE group were administrated with LRWE(5.4 g·kg~(-1)) by gavage, and those in the control and IBS-D model groups with an equal volume of distilled water for a total of 14 days. The visceral sensitivity was evaluated by the abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) score, and the degree of diarrhea was assessed by the fecal water content(FWC). The morphological changes of the colon and the morphology and number of goblet cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and periodic acid-schiff(PAS) staining, respectively. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the screening of the potential biomarkers in the rat serum and their related metabolic pathways. The results showed that LRWE reduced the AWR score, decreased FWC, and alleviated visceral sensitivity and diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats. HE and PAS staining showed that LRWE mitigated low-grade intestinal inflammation and increased the number of mature secretory goblet cells in the colonic epithelium of IBS-D rats. A total of 25 potential biomarkers of LRWE in treating IBS-D were screened out in this study, which were mainly involved in riboflavin, tryptophan, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The regulatory effects were the most significant on the riboflavin and tryptophan metabolism pathways. LRWE may alleviate the visceral hypersensitivity by promoting energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and improving intestinal immune function in IBS-D rats.

To provide theoretical basis for the safety of insecticidal efficiency in Bt cotton, the effects of high temperature and drought stress on insecticidal protein expression and protein diffe-rently expression profile was studied. In this study, the Bt cotton cultivar Sikang 3 was used as expe-rimental material, with two treatments (40% field capacity and 38 ℃, HD, and 60% field capacity and 32 ℃, CK). Differences in proteomics of Bt cotton between HD and CK were compared using label-free quantitative proteomics technology. The results showed that high temperature and drought caused a significant reduction of insecticidal protein content in bolls, with a decrease of 38.2 ng·g -1 FM. The analysis of differential protein expression by label-free quantitative proteomic approach showed that 83 proteins were significantly up-regulated, but 104 proteins were significantly down-regulated in HD stressed cotton plants compared with CK. 122 new proteins were detected and 167 proteins expression was not observed under stressed conditions. Results from the enrichment analysis of differently expressed protein between two treatments showed that 14 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were affected under stress. Three KEGG pathways were related to the Bt protein synthesis and degradation: carbohydrate digestion and absorption pathway, protein export pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway. In the carbohydrate digestion and absorption pathway, the starch hydrolysis ability of HD treated cotton plants increased, while the ability to phosphorylate the hexoses, fructose and glucose decreased. In protein export pathway, the peptide synthesis in HD treatment was not significantly affected, while the process of transferring peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum was prohibited. In the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway, the ability of ubiquitin mediated proteolysis was increased in HD treatment.

The mechanism of laser paint removal is studied based on emission spectrum and composition analysis by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray energy spectrum technology. The electron density and electron temperature of the plasma was calculated with the LIBS spectrums with different laser parameters. The morphologies of ablated paint surface were analyzed with a scanning electron microscopy while the changes of paint composition before and after ablation were measured with an X-ray spectrometer. The results show that, the plasma electron density, temperature and ablation area gradually increase with the increasing of incident laser energy. The carbon (C) content in paint decreases from 78.25% to 67.07% after the laser irradiation, indicating the occurrence of the ablation in the process of laser paint removal. By comparing the content of titanium (Ti) elements, C element and aluminum (Al), we found that the paint ablation will be more severe at higher laser energy. This paper is important to in-depth study of laser paint removal mechanism.

Objective: To study the rehabilitation effects ergometry on COPD patients., Methods: Thirty COPD out-patients in our Hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups. Rehabilitation group, 15 patients, performed leg ergometry exercise of 80% peak Watt x 30min/d x 3d/w x 12w. Another 15 patients were control group without exercise. All patients received conventional therapy. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), Borg and CAT sores were done at both baseline and 12 w., Results: There was no statistically difference in lung function testing, blood gas analysis and cardiopulmonary exercise test when pre- exercises between 2 sub-groups. The IC, peak VO2 and peak, W of rehabilitation group significantly increased (P < 0.05); and Borg and CAT.scores significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline; and other PFT and ABG did not change (P > 0.05). While there was no difference in control group (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Leg submaximal ergometry rehabilitation improves health condition and ameliorate dyspnea symptoms in COPD patients.

Objective: To study the methylation level in the promoter of caspase 8 associated protein 2 (CASP8AP2) gene between samples at diagnosis and in complete remission, and to investigate its relationship with clinical features and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)., Methods: Diagnostic DNA samples from 109 newly diagnosed children with ALL admitted from August 2007 to March 2010, and 94 ALL children in CR (complete remission) among them were collected. Bisulfite modification and MethyLight method established by our research team were used to determine the methylation level of the two key CpG sites (at -1189 and -1176) of the promoter of CASP8AP2 gene., Results: The average methylation level of the two CpG sites in newly diagnosted samples was higher than that in CR samples (71.1% ± 1.7% vs 64.2% ± 21.2%) (P = 0.008). Analysis with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under curve was 0.687 (P = 0.024), indicating that the methylation level of the two CpG sites was able to predict relapse efficiently to some extent, 76.9% was chosed as a cutoff value to divide the patients into high methylation group (49 patients) and low methylation group (60 patients). The incidence of relapse in high methylation group was higher than that in low methylation group (20.4% vs 6.7%) (P = 0.044), five year relapse free survival in high methylation group was also lower than that in low methylation group (Log rank, P = 0.033). Furthermore, high methylation at new diagnosis were correlated with high level of minimal residual disease (MRD) before consolidation therapy (P = 0.011). In the 34 children with MRD ≥ 10(-4) at the end of induction remission, the relapse rate of high methylation patients was significantly higher than that of low methylation patients (8/16 vs 3/18)(P = 0.038)., Conclusion: The abnormal hypermethylation of the two CpG sites (at -1189 and -1176) of the promoter of the CASP8AP2 gene is possibly associated with leukemogenesis in childhood ALL. The treatment outcome is more poor in patients with hypermethylation than that in patients with low methylation. The combination of the methylation level of the two CpG sites and MRD level at the end induction remission is able to predict relapse more effectively.

Objective: To study cellular and humoral immune status on prophase of severe hepatitis B (PSHB)., Methods: 56 cases of PSHB patients, 40 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled for detection of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD3-/CD19+ (B cells) lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Serum IgG and complement C3 was detected by immunoturbidimetry and analyzed statistically., Results: Compared with CHB group and healthy control group, percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD8+ were significantly lower in PSHB group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). While the percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in PSHB group was obviously higher than those in CHB group (P < 0.+01 or P < 0.05). In addition, There was no significant difference on the percentage of B cell and level of serum IgG between PSHB group and CHB group (P > 0.05, while the level of serum complement C3 in PSHB group were significantly lower than those in CHB group and healthy control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: PSHB has a certain degree of cellular immune dysfunction, which characterized by cellular immune function hyperfunction and humoral immune suppression.

The vehicle activity survey, including traffic flow distribution, driving condition, and vehicle technologies, were conducted in Shanghai. The databases of vehicle flow, VSP distribution and vehicle categories were established according to the surveyed data. Based on this, a dynamic vehicle emission inventory simulation method was designed by using the real time traffic information data, such as traffic flow and average speed. Some roads in Shanghai city were selected to conduct the hourly vehicle emission simulation as a case study. The survey results show that light duty passenger car and taxi are major vehicles on the roads of Shanghai city, accounting for 48% - 72% and 15% - 43% of the total flow in each hour, respectively. VSP distribution has a good relationship with the average speed. The peak of VSP distribution tends to move to high load section and become lower with the increase of average speed. Vehicles achieved Euro 2 and Euro 3 standards are majorities of current vehicle population in Shanghai. Based on the calibration of vehicle travel mileage data, the proportions of Euro 2 and Euro 3 standard vehicles take up 11% - 70% and 17% - 51% in the real-world situation, respectively. The emission simulation results indicate that the ratios of emission peak and valley for the pollutants of CO, VOC, NO(x) and PM are 3.7, 4.6, 9.6 and 19.8, respectively. CO and VOC emissions mainly come from light-duty passenger car and taxi, which has a good relationship with the traffic flow. NO(x) and PM emissions are mainly from heavy-duty bus and public buses and mainly concentrate in the morning and evening peak hours. The established dynamic vehicle emission simulation method can reflect the change of actual road emission and output high emission road sectors and hours in real time. The method can provide an important technical means and decision-making basis for transportation environment management.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood on prophase of severe hepatitis B (PSHB)., Methods: 48 cases of PSHB patients, 35 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled for detection of CD3+, CD3+/ CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD25+/CD45+ lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of each lymphocyte subset were calculated and analyzed statistically. Results Compared with CHB group and healthy control group, The absolute numbers of circulating CD3+, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly lower in PSHB group( P < 0. 01 or P < 0.05). There was no significant difference on the absolute numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells between PSHB group and CHB group (P > 9.05), while the percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4+ in PSHB group was significantly higher than that in CHB group (P < 0.05). In addition, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in PSHB were significantly higher than those in the CHB group and healthy control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)., Conclusion: PSHB has a certain degree of cellular immune dysfunction, which characterized by CD4+ T cells dominated and the decline of absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Tregs.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine on chronic disease in foreign country., Methods: Forty-two cases of chronic headache were treated with acupuncture, Chinese massage and herbal medicine in Switzerland. The efficacy assessment was performed for the symptom score and the physical and mental improvements by the patients themselves before and after treatment., Results: The total effective rate of symptom scores was 85.7% (36/42) and the total effective rate of the self-assessment was 88.1% (37/42)., Conclusion: Chinese medicine achieves a significant and sustainable efficacy on chronic headache, which is similar to the effect of western medication. The Swiss patients with chronic headache much prefer to Chinese medical therapy.