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Due to its sensitivity to the local geometries and chemical environments, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely applied to investigate the host-guest interactions between metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and guest molecules in the studies of gas adsorption and chemical separation. Multi-nuclear, multi-dimensional and variable temperature solid-state NMR is employed to investigate the adsorption behavior, primary adsorption sites, dynamic property, and self-diffusion coefficients of light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide inside the MOFs channels. Moreover, solid-state NMR spectroscopy is utilized to determine the adsorption selectivity, visualize the preferential adsorption and uncover the separation mechanism of light alkane/alkene mixtures inside MOFs. Furthermore, solid-state NMR is used to explore the detailed host-guest interaction mechanism between common chemicals and MOFs adsorbents. All these findings provide insights into deep understanding of the structure-property relationship for the application of functional MOFs in gas adsorption and chemical separation.

The formation and reactivity of surface methoxy species in methanol reaction over SSZ-13 zeolite were investigated by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The surface methoxy species bound to Brønsted acid sites was identified by two-dimensional 13C-27Al heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) NMR experiment. The formation of another surface methoxy species bound to Lewis acid sites was also observed. The combination of 13C NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the two kinds of surface methoxy species possess high reactivity, contributing to the formation of hydrocarbon pool species and hydrocarbons via the hydrocarbon pool mechanism.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of egg white powder addition on the fried characteristics of surimi and its influencing mechanism. Methods: The cheap silver carp was used as raw material, and the egg white powder was added to the surimi for compounding. The frying characteristics of surimi were characterized by measuring porosity, hardness and water absorption, and the dynamic rheological properties, foam stability and SDS-PAGE of surimi were measured to explore its influencing mechanism. Results: With the increase of egg white powder content, the porosity and water absorption of fried fish ball increased first and then decreased, and the hardness decreased first and then increased. The effect of 10.0% egg white powder was the best. In addition, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that, new bands with molecular weight of ≥100 kDa were generated in surimi. Accordingly, the porosity of fried fish balls was positively correlated to the gel property and foam stability of surimi. Conclusion: The addition of egg white powder improved the gel property and foam stability of surimi, thereby increasing the stability of pore structure of surimi during frying, improving the porosity and taste of fried fish balls, and improving its edible quality.

The combination of cross polarization and magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS), is a routine technique for signal enhancement in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. With CP/MAS, the acquisition efficiency of solid-state NMR experiments can be improved greatly. However, the enhanced signal is not quantitative according to the different CP dynamics dominated by several factors including heteronuclear dipolar couplings, spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame, molecular motions, number of around abundant spins, and so on. Over the years, numerous efforts have been made to obtain quantitative CP/MAS spectroscopy. This review firstly briefly illustrated the introduction of CP and CP dynamics, and then a series of quantitative NMR methods based on CP were introduced, including ramped-amplitude CP (RAMP-CP), multiple-contact CP, quantification of CP (QCP), Lee-Goldburg frequency modulated CP (LG-FMCP) and quantitative CP (QUCP).

In order to further improve the ability of medical institutions to deal with mass and epidemic diseases, clinical workers need to have strong awareness of disease early screening and prevention and control, as well as the ability of monitoring, early warning, and emergency management. The underlying issue is the need to constantly strengthen clinical medical students' knowledge reserve and practical ability of preventive medicine. Especially in the process of medical education, how to strengthen clinical medical students' ability to master the basic knowledge and skills of preventive medicine, to be familiar with the management of mass and major epidemic diseases, and to establish the concept of prevention and treatment of acute and chronic diseases are urgent problems to be solved. This paper discussed in-depth the problems and measures related to the cultivation of disease prevention and control mindset and practical ability of clinical medical talents, so as to provide an important reference for improving the training mode of comprehensive clinical medical talents and the formulation of related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed is one of the crops that require the highest amount of boron, and additional application of boron fertilizer is necessary for production to prevent significant reduction in yield. To enhance the utilization efficiency of boron in rapeseed, we employed 2016-XFSB as a donor parent, which carries the superior allele Bna. A03NIP5;1, and used 621R as the recurrent parent. Through MAS-aided backcrossing, we successfully introduced the superior allele Bna.A03NIP5;1 into 621R and developed a near-isogenic line named 621RNIP5;1A3. Subsequently, new hybrids were generated by crossing both 621R and 621RNIP5;1A3 with a nuclear male sterility line RG430A. Hydroponic experiments and various soil cultivation experiments were conducted to evaluate agronomic traits performance of both 621R and 621RNIP5;1A3 lines as well as their hybrids. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in boron utilization efficiency for both 621RNIP5;1A3 line and its hybrid counterparts. Moreover, these improved materials exhibited notable advantages in biomass accumulation, plant height development, silique length extension, number of grains per silique incrementation, and seed weight enhancement. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for breeding boron-efficient varieties in Brassica napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure is an important way to realize Chinese-style green modernization and development. Given the specificity of China's resource endowment and regional differences in energy distribution, the degree of reliance on coal varies greatly from region to region. Therefore, the differential impact of this dependence on the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure deserves high attention. To systematically assess the impact of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure in coal resource-dependent regions, this study was conducted on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the intrinsic influence of environmental target constraints on the regional energy consumption structure as well as the regulating mechanisms played by economic growth pressures and green finance. Taking the environmental target constraint system with Chinese characteristics as a quasi-natural experiment and the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020 as a sample, the study used a generalized difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transition of the regional energy consumption structure, and discussed the moderating roles of the pressure of economic growth and green finance on this impact. The results showed that: (J) After the implementation of the environmental target constraint system, the energy consumption structure of coal resource-dependent regions deteriorated significantly compared with that of non-coal resource-dependent regions, which supported the existence of the ' green paradox' phenomenon. This conclusion remained robust after considering the impact of related policies and the use of synthetic instrumental variables to deal with the endogeneity problem. © The test of the impact mechanisms showed that in coal resource-dependent areas, local governments were more motivated to promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure under the pressure of the ' dual targets' of environmental target constraints and the economic growth target. Affected by the level of financial regulation and the ' green-washing' behavior of enterprises, green finance exacerbated the dilemmas of energy transformation in coal resource-dependent areas. © An expansive analysis based on the regional market environment showed that the inhibitory effect of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transition of the energy consumption structure was more prominent in regions with low marketization levels than in those with high marketization levels. The study suggests attaching great importance to the structural adjustment of energy consumption in coal resource-dependent regions and promoting the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure in an orderly manner according to local conditions. Meanwhile, the study also highlights the importance of taking ' green' as a defining feature of local economic growth and leading local economic growth with the green development concept. In addition, a scientific and efficient green financial regulatory system should be built to ensure that green financial funds are truly used for green and low-carbon projects. It is also necessary to improve the market-based environmental regulatory mechanism to create a favorable business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogenation reaction of propyne on Pd-Cu bimetallic catalysts was studied using the heterogeneous parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Incipient-wetness impregnation and sequential impregnation were used to prepare Pd-Cu/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts with different composition and morphology. With the ALTADENA (Adiabatic Longitudinal Transport After Dissociation Engenders Net Alignment) method, it was observed that both the composition and morphology of the bimetallic catalysts had significant influence on the efficiency of PHIP. The catalysts with lower Pd/Cu atom ratio had lower activity but higher polarization efficiency. Compared to isometric impregnation method, the palladium atoms in the Pd-Cu/SiO2 catalyst synthesized with the sequential impregnation method mostly stayed on the surface of bimetallic nanoparticles, generating larger Pd ensembles and leading to higher catalytic activity and lower polarization efficiency.

Short glass fiber reinforced polyamide 10T (SGF/PA10T) composites were prepared by melt blending method, and the thermal-oxidative aging properties of SGF/PA10T composites at 240℃ were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis(DMA), FT-IR and mechanical properties test. The results show that the crystallization onset temperature of SGF/PA10T increases, the interfacial interaction between glass fiber and PA10T matrix is weakened, and damping capacity decreases during the thermal-oxygen aging process. With the increase of thermal-oxygen aging time, the glass transition temperature increases first and then decreases. Arrhenius equation was used to determine the glass transition activation energy of SGF/PA10T,and the results show that the mobility of molecular chain is changed and PA10T molecular chains are slight cross-linked in preliminary aging stage. At the same time, the thermal-oxygen can significantly reduce the mechanical properties of SGF/PA10T composites, after age at 240℃ for 50d,the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength retention rates are 18.4%, 9.8% and 37.7% respectively.

A field trial was carried out along the Yangtze river in Anhui province to clarify the relationship between growth, yield of fresh maize and meteorological factors under different sowing dates, which would provide a reference to the suitable sowing date of fresh maize. In the study, the fresh maize cultivar "Caitiannuo 100" was used. The treatments consisted of ten sowing dates: April-1, April-16, May-1, May-16, May-31, June-15, June-30, July-15, July-30, and August-14. The growth period, yield, yield component and production value of fresh maize were analyzed. The results showed that the growth duration was shortened when delaying the sowing date from April-1 to June-15. When the sowing date was from June-15 to July-30, the growth duration was extended. The yield was decreased when delaying the sowing date from April-1 to June-30, and the yield was increased. The mean grain yield of fresh ear in the sowing date from April-1 to May-1 and July-30 was 20026.56kg·ha1, which was significantly higher than that of other sowing dates (P<0.05). The production value of fresh ear planted in July-30 was 70245.00yuan·ha1, which was significantly increased by 68.66%123.50% compared with other sowing dates (P<0.05). When the fresh maize was sowed during May-31 to July-15, the days of high temperature ≥32 accounted for 56.25%60.26% in the whole growth duration of the plant, and the accumulation of temperature ≥32 increased by 47.78%-54.46% than that of sowing dates from April-1 to May-1 and July-30, which accelerated the fresh maize growing process, shortened the plant height, declined the matter accumulation, ultimately decreased the yield. The fresh maize could not be harvested with the sowing date of August-14 due to the lower temperature during the grain filling stage. The growth duration of maize was negatively correlated with daily mean temperature before silking. The ranking of the correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and fresh maize yield from high to low were effective accumulated temperature >10 before silking, precipitation before silking, daily mean temperature before silking, average daily temperature range before silking, precipitation after silking, effective accumulated temperature >10 after silking, and sunshine hours before silking. The effective accumulated temperature >10 before silking stage mainly influenced the yield by regulating the kernel number per ear. In conclusion, the fresh maize sowed during April-1 to May-1 or July-30 could be prone to extend growth period, increase matter accumulation, and obtain high yield, while might be in danger in the risk of high temperature stress with the sowing date from May-31 to July-15 along the Yangtze river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) is a dating technique using the accumulated irradiation energy in minerals under geological environments as the target. The quartz used for isotopic dating is widely distributed, and has an excellent time starting point to record fault deformation. This implies that ESR will become a valuable supplement to isotopic dating. ESR signal intensity is the key factor affecting the accuracy of ESR age, but the influence pattern and degree of different parameters on ESR signal intensity remains unknown. A paramagnetic E' center in quartz from fault zones was taken as the main investigation object. By single factor repeated experimental method, the relationship between 5 parameters of ESR dating and ESR signal intensity was analyzed. The results indicate that microwave power, field modulation amplitude, and scan width are the most important factors affecting ESR signal intensity, however the inserted direction and diameter of the sample tube had a slight influence on measuring the data. The microwave power from 0.02 mW to 0.1 mW (in Fig.1), and the field modulation amplitude from 0.25 Gs to 0.4 Gs can be used as a universal parameter range to precisely measure E' center in fault clay quartz (in Fig.3). Improper scan width was unsuitable for ESR measuring. Before the fine scanning, the pre-scan should be performed under wider scan width and then the proper scan width can be identified. Calculating the average value based on repeated measuring data can help to decrease measurement error effectively. When the proposed parameter range and measuring method are used to measure the E' center signal intensity of fault clay quartz, the ESR measurement precision can be improved remarkably.

Aiming at the problems of low retrieval efficiency and low accuracy in traditional clothing image retrieval methods, the paper proposed a clothing image retrieval method based on ResNet and transfer learning. It Selected the current popular clothing on the Internet, and established a small sample data set of four categories: long skirts, short skirts, windbreakers, and T-shirts. With the help of the ResNet152 pre-training model trained on the ImageNet data set, the transfer learning is performed on the small sample data set, and the parameters in the pre-training model were further optimized to obtain a new network model. Based on the new network model, the feature vector was extracted, normalized, the similarity was calculated, and the image retrieval results were sorted and output to realize the clothing image retrieval function. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, a clothing image retrieval test platform based on color, texture, edge, non-transfer learning and transfer learning this study built. The experimental comparison shows that this method is not only suitable for small samples, but also has better average precision and retrieval efficiency than other methods, and has strong practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prebiotics instead of antibiotics can improve the growth performance of poultry, promote the development of animal husbandry and ensure food safety. Currently, prebiotics have been shown to positively regulate the intestinal microbiota of poultry. Prebiotics inhibit intestinal pathogens in animals, their fermentation and metabolism are enhanced, can stimulate the activity of beneficial bacteria, thus affecting the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids. The paper reviews the concept, effect, mechanism and application of prebiotics in poultry production, providing reference for the development of prebiotics feed additives in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pure electric vehicle, power battery enclosure generally made of aluminum alloy profile and is a key component of packaging and load bearing of the power battery system. Due to the large structure size and the high thermal expansion coefficient of materials, welding residual stress is easily generated after the inert-gas welding process, which leads to serious shrinkage and deformation of the inner wall. A certain type of power battery enclosure was taken as the research object. Firstly, the typical weld with unique characteristics was extracted, and the optimal solution for welding sequence direction of each typical weld was obtained through numerical simulation of stress deformation by using SYSWELD. Then, the candidate schemes of overall welding sequence direction were proposed based on the distribution characteristics of typical weld and welding process principles, and the optimal scheme was selected based on the principle of minimum mean value of equivalent deformation. Finally, the constraint conditions for welding process in z, x and y directions were determined by adopting the method of rigidity immobility. Field test results have shown that internal shrinkage deformation value of the power battery enclosure's long and short sides is reduced by 52% and 25% than before, which are decreased to 1.2 mm and 0. 9 mm respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the relationship between recurrence of elderly late-onset schizophrenia and family care, social support and self-efficacy. Methods A total of 162 elderly patients with late-onset schizophrenia admitted to Mental Hospital of Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau from January 2016 and June 2019 were selected. According to the recurrence of schizophrenia, they were divided into the recurrence group (70 cases) and the non-recurrence group (92 cases). The Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were conducted. According to the self-efficacy score, the patients were divided into the low-level self-efficacy group (71 cases), middle-level group (59 cases) and high-level group (32 cases). The correlation between recurrence and family care, social support and self-efficacy was analyzed. Results The scores of Family APGAR index, SSRS and GSES of the recurrence group were significantly lower than those of the non-recurrence group (all P < 0. 05). The scores of Family APGAR index and SSRS of the low-level group were significantly lower than those of the middle- level group and the high-level group (all P < 0. 05). The scores of Family APGAR index and SSRS were positively correlated with GSES score (r = 0. 325, 0. 533, both P < 0. 001), but they were negatively correlated with the recurrence of schizophrenia (r = -0. 405, -0. 469, both P < 0. 001). Conclusion Family care and social support are closely related to the self-efficacy and recurrence in elderly patients with late-onset schizophrenia. Giving patients good family care and social support may improve their self-efficacy and reduce the risk of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf orientation value is a comprehensive index reflecting the two characteristics of "straight" and "vertical" of leaves. The varieties with high leaf orientation value have straight and not curved leaves, and small angle, which are conducive to the wind ventilation and light transmission for maize population. When the planting density is high, it is easier to obtain high yield than the expanded plant-type. It is of great significance for molecular design breeding of ideal plant type to clarify the genetic basis of leaf orientation value. In this study, 285 diverse lines genotyped by the MaizeSNP50 chip were evaluated for leaf orientation in 2017 and 2018. The genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) were used to identified the SNPs, which were significant association with leaf orientation values. The analysis of variance showed that the significant variations were observed for leaf orientation value of different inbred lines (P < 0.01). In the selection of the optimal model, it was found that the Q + K model was the most suitable for the leaf orientation association analysis in this study. A total of 15 loci (P < 4.05E-5) were detected by GWAS, including 27 SNPs, explaining 5.54%-8.73% of phenotypic variation, and 15 candidate genes were mined in two years. Among them, site 2 in 1.07 bin was an important site found in this study, and its candidate gene might be Zm00001d032050 encoding cyclin dependent protein kinase, which needed to be further confirmed by map-based cloning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A parametric model was established with SFE-CONCEPT software for a BIW (body in white). Firstly, the static bending-torsion stiff and the lower-order modal of BIW were simulated based on finite element method, and the results were compared with tests. Then connecting the parametric BIW with power train and chassis, the crash safety performances were simulated based on finite element method and compared with tests. The comparison results between simulation and test validate the parametric model of BIW. Secondly, the lightweight and safety of BIW structure were optimized. Due to the safety simulation analysis belongs to non-linear analysis, the optimization process can't fully achieve automatic, needing manual intervention to extract safety performances in tradition way. In order to achieve the optimization process optimization BIW can reduce 24. 17 kg, the reduction rate reaches 7. 63%. The multi-objective collaborative optimization can provide obvious lightweight effect for BIW. automation, a batch file was compiled to extract safety performances. The lightweight optimization results show that, the bending stiff can increase 0. 15%, the torsion stiff can reduce 0. 03%, torsion modal frequency can increase 1.30%, bending modal frequency increased 0.09%. And under the condition that the crash safety performances keep no changing, the weight of lightweight [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reported the clinical features of one child with infantile hypophosphatasia (HPP) and his pedigree information. The proband was a 5-month-old boy with multiple skeletal dysplasia (koilosternia, bending deformity of both radii, and knock-knee deformity of both knees), feeding difficulty, reduction in body weight, developmental delay, recurrent pneumonia and respiratory failure, and a significant reduction in blood alkaline phosphatase. Among his parents, sister, uncle, and aunt (other family members did not cooperate with us in the examination), his parents and aunt had a slight reduction in alkaline phosphatase and his aunt had scoliosis; there were no other clinical phenotypes or abnormal laboratory testing results. His ALPL gene mutation came from c.228delG mutation in his mother and c.407G>A compound heterozygous mutation in his father. His aunt carried c.228delG mutation. The c.407G>A mutation had been reported as the pathogenic mutation of HPP, and c.228delG mutation was a novel pathogenic mutation. Hypophosphatasia is caused by ALPL gene mutation, and ALPL gene detection is an effective diagnostic method. This study expands the mutation spectrum of ALPL gene and provides a theoretical basis for genetic diagnosis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of a maxillary anterior teeth retraction force system in light wire technique and to investigate the difference of hydrostatic pressure and initial displacement of upper anterior teeth under different torque values of tip back bend. Methods A geometric three-dimensional model of the maxillary bone, including all the upper teeth, was achieved via CT scan. To construct the force model system, lingual brackets and wire were constructed by using the Solidworks. Brackets software, and wire were assembled to the teeth. ANASYS was used to calculate the hydrostatic pressure and the initial displacement of maxillary anterior teeth under different tip-back bend moments of 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 Nmm when the class II elastic force was 0.556 N. Results Hydrostatic pressure was concentrated in the root apices and cervical margin of upper anterior teeth. Distal tipping and relative intrusive displacement were observed. The hydrostatic pressure and initial displacement of upper canine were greater than in the central and lateral incisors. This hydrostatic pressure and initial intrusive displacement increased with an increase in tip-back bend moment. Conclusion Lingual retraction force system of maxillary anterior teeth in light wire technique can be applied safely and controllably. The type and quantity of teeth movement can be controlled by the alteration of tip-back bend moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem that the path-planning algorithm of indoor mobile robot is most oriented in theory, less applied into pracitce, a kinematic model of the mobile robot was built, a grid-based modeling method was used to divide the indoor environment into blocks, a novel algorithm about indoor mobile robot's path planning for unknown environment was designed with the help of Pioneer P3-DX robot and its simulation software MobileSim. The grid mode was built based on the the width of the robot, then the "point to point" path planning method was adopted. The pace-planning algorithm was simulated on MobileSim and experimented on the P3-DX. The results indicate that the method is effective, and has good operability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The effects of different specification seedling-raising plates on growth and development, and photosynthetic characteristics of Yunyan 97 seedlings and plants were investigated in order to provide references for cultivating strong seedlings and alleviating the damage caused by drought during transplanting period. [Method] Four different specification seedling-raising plates viz., 160,80,40 and 25 holes were used for cultivating tobacco seedlings, and the growth and development indexes were measured at seedling stage and in 30 days after transplant. At the same time, the dry matter and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco plants were also measured in 30 days after transplant. [Result] The stem diameter, length and width of leaves, and root volume of tobacco seedlings were increased with the decrease of seedling-raising plate holes (the single hole area increased). The tobacco seedlings of 25-hole plate treatment showed the highest stem diameter (2.28 cm), max leaf length (18.82 cm) and width (11.16 cm), and root volume (2.56 mL) in all treatments. After transplanting for 30 days, the performance from high to low in sequence of plant height, max leaf length, effective leaf number, chlorophyll SPAD value, root volume, leaf dry matters of different positions in tobacco, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaf in different treatments were as fellows: 25-hole plate > 40-hole plate > 80-hole plate > 160-hole plate. The plant height (16.87 cm), max leaf length (45.27 cm )and root volume (4.00 mL) of 25-hole plate treatment were significantly higher than other treatments, and the effective leaf number and max leaf width were significantly higher than those of 160-hole treatment. The chlorophyll SPAD value and stem diameter of 25-hole plate treatment were significantly increased by 12.99% and 8.37%, 40.57% and 44.38% than those of 160-hole and 80-hole treatments, respectively. The dry matter of leaf and root in 25-hole plate treatment were 36.02% and 157.08%, 100.00% and 310.71% higher than those of 80-hole and 160-hole treatments significantly,respectively, and the dry matter of stem was 202.33% higher than that of 160-hole treatment significantly. The 25-hole plate treatment al'so significantly increased by 31.50% and 30.00%, 20.12% and 17.65% of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate as compared to 160-hole and 80-hole treatments, respectively. The stomatal conductance of leaf amongst different treatments had no significant difference, but the intercellular CO2 concentration of 160-hole treatment was significantly higher than other treatments. The correlation analysis results showed that dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant had close relationship with the root development and leaf photosynthetic performance. The more developed root system presented, the more accumulation of dry matter and stronger photosynthetic performance were found, as well as the better growth and development of plant. [Conclusion] Guizhou Karst area can be considered the seedling-raising specifications according to the drought condition, when the drought condition is light, 40-hole or 80-hole seedling-raising plates are suitable for the growth of tobacco seedlings; 25-hole seedling-raising plates are the best choice when the drought condition is serious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of design for adaptability is presented to cope with the uncertainties in aircraft conceptual design, such as custom requirements, competitive market and technical maturity. The meaning of adaptability in aircraft conceptual design is that when beginning to design the first version of aircraft, the possibility of the advanced technology applications should be considered for its successor to meet future requirements and competitive market. The conceptual designs of a short-haul civil jet and its successors are demonstrated using the idea of design for adaptability. The configuration for first version of the short-haul civil jet is featured with rear-fuselage-mounted engines, and its purpose is to pre-set the room for advanced propulsion and wing technology applications for the successors, i.e. the second and the third versions. The first version N1 adopts the current mature technology (geared turbofan engine and supercritical wing). The second version N2-A and N2-B adopt open rotor engines and less swept wing with natural laminar flow technology, respectively. The third version N3 adopts open rotor engine and natural laminar flow wing simultaneously. The successors (N2-A, N2-B and N3) can be derived from the first version N1 smoothly, and a family of short-haul civil jets has an excellent inheritance. Compared with the fuel consumption of the version N1, that of the version N2-A and N2-B can be reduced by 17% and 7%, respectively, and that of version N3 can be reduced by 26%. The family of short-haul civil jets presents good sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on live waves of nationally representative graduate datasets collected in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011 by Institute of Economics of Education at Beijing University, this study examined the impact of higher education expansion on trends in the influential factors of graduate employment. The results shed lights on the adjustment of school type, discipline structure and degree level, as well as the improvement of educational quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind and water are the two dominant erosion agents that caused soil and water losses in the wind-water alternate erosion region on the Loess Plateau. It is meaningful to study the impact of wind-water alternate erosion on the characteristics of soil particles for understanding the response of soil quality and environment to erosion. Through wind tunnel combined rainfall simulation, this paper studied the characteristics of the erosive sediment particles under the effect of wind-water alternate erosion. The results showed that the particles of 0-1 cm soil were coarsened by wind erosion at the wind speeds of 11 and 14 m ∙ s-1 compared with no wind erosion. Soil fine particles (<0. 01 mm) decreased by 9. 8% -10. 8%, and coarse particles (>0. 05 mm) increased by 16. 8% - 20. 8%. The physical property of surface soil was changed by the wind erosion, which, in turn, caused an increase in finer particles content in the sediment. Compared with no wind erosion, fine particles (<0. 01 mm) in sediment under the water-wind alternate erosion increased by 2. 7% - 18. 9%, and coarse particles (>0. 05 mm) decreased by 3. 7% -9. 3%. However, the changing trend of erosive sediment particles after the wind erosion at wind speeds of 11 and 14 m ∙ s-1 was different along with the rainfall intensity and duration. The erosive sediment particles at the rainfall intensities of 60, 80, 100 mm ∙ h-1 changed to greater extents than at the 150 mm ∙ h-1 rainfall intensity with longer than 15 min runoff flowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Osseointegration of orthodontic microscrew implant is influenced by tooth extraction. This study aims to evaluate the safety margin of the osseointegration of orthodontic implants by investigating the healing process of the implant-bone interface through histopathological studies and quantitative determination. Methods Twelve male beagles were selected and randomly divided into four groups. An orthodontic microscrew was implanted beside the tooth extraction area. Animals were killed in 1, 3, 8, and, 12 weeks to investigate tissue response. Histomorphological observation and bone implant contact ratio (BIC) tests were performed at different healing time after implantation. Results A new bone was formed on the implant-bone interface of the control group. Bone resorptions were also detected in the experimental group 3 weeks after implantation. The BIC level of the control groups increased during the first 8 weeks; no change was observed anymore after the 8th week. On the other hand, the BIC value in the experimental group decreased in the first 3 weeks. It then increased rapidly and reached its peak of 80.08% in the 8th week. No significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in the first 3 weeks. After the 3rd week, the BIC value of the experimental group (44.35%) was lower than that of the control group (55.46%) (P<0.01). Conclusion The healing process after implantation was influenced by tooth extraction. Bone resorption was detected at an early stage. However, vigorous bone remodeling was observed subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parallel efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm is applied to the 2-D/3-D shock control bump optimizations. The EGO algorithm is a global optimization method based on the Kriging model, which is especially designed for expensive black box functions, such as high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimizations. Three heuristic parallel strategies including "Kriging believer", "constant liar" and imputed point" strategies are investigated based on four benchmark optimization problems and two shock control bump optimization problems. In shock control bump optimization problems, the parallel EGO algorithm is nearly 16 times faster than the serial EGO algorithm. And our research also shows that Imputed point' strategy is the best strategy in these optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To further explore the best Forsus load power by analyzing the change of mandible's stress and displacement after Forsus protruded mandible instantaneously under different vertical component for providing theoretical basis. Methods The pre-built Forsus protruding mandible model were build through Abaqus 6.5 software. The change of mandible' s stress, displacement, and pathway trend under three different working conditions (horizontal component 4 N and vertical component 2, 4, 1 N). Results Torsion occurred in all condyles under three working conditions, and the stress was large. Under vertical component 2 and 1 N, the mandible demonstrated counterclockwise rotation, the maximum displacement occurred in the chin, respectively 1.150 mm and 2.141 mm; under vertical component 4 N, mandible rotation was not obvious, the maximum displacement of chin was only 0.188 mm. Conclusion With the vertical component gradually decreased, the protrusion trend of chin increased; Forsus could promote the mandible counterclockwise rotation and modification when protruding mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To provide reliable seed cells with unlimited passage proliferation and stable biological characteristics for periodontal tissue engineering research through infecting a retrovirus carrying SV40Tag into SD rat dental follicle cells. Methods Retroviral virus vector containing SV40Tag by 293 cells was packaged and infected into SD rat dental follicle cells. Normal dental capsule cells were used as control group. The cell morphology and vitality were observed by inverted microscope, telomerase activity, osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of dental follicle cells were analyzed. Results The SD rat dental follicle cells infected with SV40Tag could be passaged for 60 gene- rations in vitro culture with strong growth activity. The telomerase activity was significantly enhanced compared with the control group (P=0.033). The expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone morphogenesis protein-2, Runx2, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factors had no statistical difference compared with control cells (P> 0.05). Conclusion The SD rat dental follicle cells infected with SV40Tag not only have a strong growth activity and infinite passaged capacity, but also have a stable biological property as normal dental follicle cells, so it can be re- garded as the excellent seed cells in periodontal tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the coupling effects of wind and water erosions in the wind-water erosion criss-cross region of Loess Plateau, the slope erosion in the region was quite serious, and the erosion process was quite complicated. By using wind tunnel combined with simulated rainfall, this paper studied the sediment-yielding process and its mechanisms of slope erosion under the effects of wind-water alternate erosion, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of wind erosion on water erosion and the relationships between wind and water erosions. There was an obvious positive interaction between wind and water erosions. Wind erosion promoted the development of microtopography, and altered the quantitative relationship between the sediment-yielding under water erosion and the variation of rainfall intensity. At the rainfall intensity of 60 and 80 mm h-1, the sediment-yielding without wind erosion decreased with the duration of rainfall and tended to be stable, but the sediment-yielding with wind erosion decreased to a certain valley value first, and then showed an increasing trend. At the rainfall intensity of 60, 80, and 100 mm h-1, the sediment-yielding with the wind erosion at speeds of 11 and 14 m s-1 increased by 7. 3% -27. 9% and 23. 2% -39. 0%, respectively, as compared with the sediment-yielding without wind erosion. At the rainfall intensity of 120 and 150 mm h-1 and in the rainfall duration of 15 minutes, the sediment-yielding with and without wind erosion presented a decreasing trend, but, with the increase of rainfall duration, the sediment-yielding with wind erosion showed a trend of decreasing first and increasing then, as compared with the sediment-yielding without wind erosion. The mechanisms of wind-water alternate erosion were complicated, reflecting in the mutual relation and mutual promotion of wind erosion and water erosion in the aspects of temporal-spatial distribution, energy supply, and action mode of erosion forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To predict and assess the facial profile after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in a patient model. METHODS: One patient with skeletal Class HI malocclusion was selected. The orthognathic surgery design was simulated through Photoshop CS4 software. Preoperative photograph and lateral cephalometric radiograph were processed to produce the first standard facial profile photography PI. The maxillary hard tissue was moved forward according to Andrews theory II , and soft tissue also moved in proportion until the mandible recessed to the Chinese G-Sn-Pog' angle .Then the mandible was moved forward and back ±1, ±2, ±3, ±5,±7 mm, generating 20 facial profile photographs. Two groups of reviewer were chosen for evaluation: specialists (40 orthodontists),undergraduates (68 undergraduates from Chongqing Medical University).They were asked to rank the 21 random profiles in descending order. The difference of the score of 21 photographs given by two groups of reviewer was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: The scores of 21 profile photographs were significantly different (P<0.05).Profile D3 was considered to be the most beautiful ,followed by D2,D1,B1,A1,P1,C1,A2 and B2. C4,A5,B5 and C5 were not acceptable. The scores for each photograph given by the two groups of reviewer were not significantly different(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The reviewers give different scores for 21 profiles. Straight profile is most beautiful, followed by profile with minor mandibular or chin retraction. Profiles with severe protrusion or retrusion is not acceptable. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(2009BB5263). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the operating time, root fracture and postoperative complications between split-root extraction and medial resistance removal in extraction of mandibular small-angle impacted third molars, to evaluate the advantages of split-root extraction in medially impacted tooth extraction. METHODS: Forty male patients with bilaterally mandibular medial small-angle impacted third molars, having multiple roots in panoramic films, were selected. The impacted teeth on one side were extracted by using split-root method, while the similar impacted teeth on the other side were extracted by using medial resistance removal method. The operating time, root fracture, postoperative pain, facial edema, and mouth opening were recorded. SPSS11.5 software package was used and paired t test was performed to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in operating time and root fracture between the two methods (P<0.05). In the split-root group, the operating time was shorter and root fracture were less. After 24 hours, facial edema, limited mouth opening, and pain of the split-root group was less severe than that of the medial resistance removal group, differences were significant (P<0.05). After 72 hours, limited mouth opening of the split-root group was milder than that of the resistance removal group, the difference was significant (P<0.05). After 120 hours, there was no significant difference of any complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In extraction of mandibular medial small-angle impacted third molars with multiple roots, the operating time of split-root extraction is shorter. The root fracture possibility of split-root extraction is smaller, and postoperative complications are less common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the initial displacement of the maxillary first molar by tip back bend in Tip-Edge force system and to explore the relationships between the displacement and the degree or position of tip back bend. Methods The Tip-Edge three-dimensional finite element model was constructed by CT scan of a dry skull with all teeth. The conditions of five types of degree (20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°) and four types of position (2, 4, 6, 8 mm) of tip back bend were added to the three-dimensional finite element model and the initial displacements of the maxillary first molar were calculated. Results Under the effect of tip back bend, distal and ex-trusive displacement of the maxillary first molar occurred. The distal and extrusive movement increased as the degree of tip back bend increased or the position of tip back bend moved distally. Conclusion The initial displacement of the maxillary first molar could be controlled by the precise control of the degree and position of tip back bend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To measure the mesiodistal and buccolingual alveolar bone mass of back teeth in posterior alveolar crest at different height by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and analyze the safe area of microscrew implanted at back teeth in posterior alveolar crest. Methods 30 cases of adult scan image data were selected for the study of jaw bones scan reconstruction. From the distal of first premolar backward, buccolingual (plate) width and the mesiodistal size between each interfurcal region (including tuber maxillae) were measured from alveolar crest at top of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm. ANOVA and LSD methods were made by SPSS 16.0 software for comparison. Results l)The mesiodistal bone mass of back teeth in maxilla at the same height with different position had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The biggest mesiodistal bone mass was located at the palatal roots between the second premolar and the first molar. The statistically significant difference of buccolingual bone mass also existed at different position and height (P<0.05). The biggest buccolingual bone mass was located at the middle of the first molar and the second molar. 2) The mesiodistal bone mass of back teeth in maxilla at different height and position had statistically significant difference GP<0.05). The statistically significant difference of buccolingual bone mass also existed in the same position with different height CP<0.05). The biggest mesiodistal and buccolingual bone mass was located at the middle of the first molar and the second molar. Conclusion The safe area of microscrew implanted at back teeth in posterior alveolar crest is tested by CBCT, which provides valuable reference for the follow-up clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (REGMS) two - type line of Brassica napus L. The sterility is controlled by two recessive duplicate genes ms3ms3ms4ms4 and one recessive epistatic inhibitor gene espesp. To effectively identify REGMS lines and their temporary maintainer lines, five AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) in couple to esp and two AFLP markers (L6, L7) in repulsion to esp were identified through screening 1 024 primer combinations using 9012B and T45 segregation population. All the seven markers were located on one the same side of esp gene. Markers L6 and L7 co - segregated with Esp gene. Markers L1, L6 and L7 were successfully converted into SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) markers as SCL1, SCL2 and WSCL3, respectively. The accuracy rates of SCL1, SCL2 and WSCL3 were 90% , 100% and 100% , respectively. Result showed their potential in marker assisted selection of 9012AB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the histological change of microscrew-bone interface, detect the relative cytokine of gingival crevicular fluid, and explore the impossible mechanism of peri-implantitis. Methods Four male Beagles were collected. Randomly select one side of animals jaw as the experimental group to induce the peri-implantitis, and another side as the control group. Four microscrews were implanted on each side. In the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th weeks after implantation, collect peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) and detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels before sacrificed, and the harvest tissue were observed in histological ways. Results According to the extension of time after implantation, the experimental group showed visible progress of interface destruction: 1st week after implantation showed large numbers inflammatory cells collected at the neck but did not undermine the cortical bone; 2nd week after implantation, cortical bone were observed angular absorption; Bone resorption continued to develop and at the 4th week, bone resorption were enlarged to the second thread of microscrew and the interface was filled with a large number of collagen fibers. Conclusion The destruction of interface began at the neck of microscrew, and the further development was along the interface in depth. Both microscrews with peri-implantitis and the healthy controls showed the presence of TNF-α. Inflammation accumulation might trigger the up-regulation of TNF-α level, and the onset of inflammation would enhance the up-trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Dwight David Eisenhower was elected as the US President, he was anxious to terminate the Korean War. For that purpose, he was ready to take hard military action to start a formidable ground attack, and even trying to resort to nuclear weapon to expand the scope of the Korean War. In contrast to this, the Chinese Government had been working very hard to break the deadlock for armistice negotiations and had been modifying the negotiation policy earlier before Stalin died so as to play a decisive role in the course of promoting the end of the Korean War. In the meanwhile, American decision-makers had been considering to make use of what kind of military means to terminate the war. At last, they clearly made the policy centering on nuclear attack. However, the Chinese Government was not afraid of any nuclear threat at anytime and finally promoted the end of the Korean War through doing a stiff game with the American side, thus making the Korean peninsula to return to peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic reciprocity relation for a random component was demonstrated, the reciprocity relation for a random component was introduced through the wave approach and the modal approach. The coupling between two area junction subsystems was also introduced. The hybrid FE-SEA equation was given at the last demonstration for the theoretic results. Hybrid FE-SEA model of the car was built, the radiation efficiencies of the body panels of the car were calculated, and the excitations of the powertrain mounts and body suspensions of the car were measured. The acoustic excitation of the engine cabin was measured in anechoic room. And CFD wind tunnel was built to compute the wind excitations. Meanwhile, the car interior noise was predicted by the hybrid FE-SEA model subjected to all of excitations. Furthermore, the prediction result of the car interior noise was verified by the experimentation, and the reasons of the error were analyzed. The analysis result shows that the absolute error is less than 2. 5 dB(A), the prediction precision is satisfied with engineering requirement, and the method of FE-SEA modeling is effective to predict middle frequency noise within the car interior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the virulence and genetic similarity of beta-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus in cows with mastitis in Xinjiang, China. Researchers randomly selected and evaluated 101 strains from eight dairy herds of different districts and compared its virulence with mice. Result shows that 55% of the strains examined are dangerous to mice.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between sagittal upper airway size and craniofacial characteristics in men with malocclusion in early permanent dentition, and to find out the factor that affect the pharyngeal airway size remarkably. METHODS: Seventy-four cephalometric films of nonsnoring males with malocclusion aged from II to 16 years(mean 13 years) before treatment were collected and measured with Delaire cephalometric analysis, the results were assessed by SPSS13.0 software package, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between upper airway size anti craniofacial characteristics variation. RESULTS: The size of nasopharyngeal space (PNS-ad) correlated negatively with the upper face height, the inclination of ramus plane, percentage of cranial height to cranial base length. The size of palatopharyngeal space(Ve-PVe) correlated negatively with the upper face height, percentage of cranial height to cranial base length. The size of hypopharyngeal space (Ph1-Ph2) correlated positively with the angle between cervical vertebrae tangent and cranial base, negatively mandibular plane angle, the length of mandibular body and percentage of cranial height to cranial base length. CONCLUSIONS: The sagittal upper airway size of nonsnoring males with occlusion is significantly correlated to the craniofacial skeletal structures and head posture, the types of craniofacial growth and the skeletal structure around have remarkable effect on the upper airway space. Supported by Key Research Project of Bureau of Health of Chongqing Municipality (Grant No.05-1-007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of the condylar movement traces during lateral excursion of the unilateral posterior buccal crossbite and to compare the difference with the individual ideal occlusion. METHODS: Twenty-six subjects with normal occlusion and 26 subjects with unilateral posterior buccal crossbite were tested by CADIAX for the condylar movement. The lateral excursion traces were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software package, group t test, paired t test or rank sum test were used to compare the difference between the two groups. RESULTS: The condylar traces of the experiment subjects were rugged and asymmetrical. The sagittal, vertical and space shift of the non-buccal crossbite side were larger than those of the buccal crossbite side and the normal subjects, but the horizontal shift was significantly smaller (P<0.05). The sagittal condylar inclination of the non-buccal crossbite side was significantly larger than that of the buccal crossbite side and the normal subjects, but the transversal condylar inclination was significantly smaller(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The bilateral condylar movement traces during lateral excursion of the unilateral posterior buccal crossbite are asymmetrical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at exploring the contents and structures of Western Conscientiousness dimension of personality. More than 1, 500 subjects fulfilled both QZPS (Chinese Personality Scale ) and the Conscientiousness scale of NEO PI-R (with 48 items). The QZPS was an indigenous questionnaire consisting 180 items and measuring seven dimensions and 18 sub-factors of Chinese personality. Factor analysis on items of NEO PI-R Conscientiousness yielded six factors, and were named by means of items included as: 1) continence and keep his/her words; 2) scrupulous and meticulous; 3) tactful and unflinching; 4) patient and steadfast; 5) success striving; and 6) workaholic. These six factors were different from the original six facets of Conscientiousness in NEO PI-R. Items in each of the six factors came from 2 to 4 facets of the original dimension. Factor analysis for combined variables of the six factors of Conscientiousness and 18 sub-factors of QZPS, and a five-factor solution emerged. The six factors of Conscientiousness distributed into four of the five-factor structure, and the fifth was consisted of two sub-factors of Emotionality dimension of QZPS. The four combined factors were Confidence and Resourceful, Honest and Precise, Self-Composed and Faithful, Resolution and Decisive. It indicated that there was no independent dimension of Conscientiousness in Chinese personality, and the contents of the Western Conscientiousness dimension had been dispersed into six of the seven dimensions of the Chinese personality structure. Those dimensions were Extroversion, Kindness, Behavioral Styles, Talents, Human Relations and Ways of Life. Based on this result, it was argued that, because of the Chinese-Western cultural difference, the personality scales and questionnaires developed in the Western cultural background could not indicate the Chinese personality accurately and completely. It suggested that indigenous study of the Chinese personality and, as general, Chinese psychological and social characteristics is indispensable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]