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[Objective] Land use change and habitat quality in Nanyue key ecological function area of Hu'nan Province were studied to reveal the relationship between forest land reduction and habitat quality caused by human activities, in order to promote the coordinated development of ecological protection and economic construction in this area. [Methods] The land use transfer matrix was obtained based on the land use change data of 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018 and 2021, and the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of land use structure and habitat quality in Nanyue key ecological function area were analyzed and predicted by InVEST model and CA-Markov model. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation was used to explore the correlation between forest land and habitat quality. [Results] ① From 2009 to 2021, forestland and cultivated land in the study area were mainly transferred to construction land. The area of construction land increased by 15.87%, among them, 45.37% and 36.25% were transferred from forestland and cultivated land respectively. ② From 2009 to 2021, the spatial distribution of habitat quality in this region was higher in the west and lower in the southeast. ③ The positive correlation between the spatial distribution of forest land and habitat quality in the study area gradually increased, and the high aggregation of forest land and excellent habitat quality was the main type. ④ The construction land in Nanyue District will increase by 4.36% in 2025 and reach 1 563.53 hm2 in 2030. The quality of habitat will slowly decline in the future. [Conclusion] The change of habitat quality is closely related to the decrease of forestland and expansion of construction land caused by human disturbance. Therefore, resource and environment control should be strengthened in Nanyue key ecological function zones.