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Ultrasonic plastic welding is an efficient and green welding method, which has been widely used in the joining of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) in recent years. An important step in the ultrasonic welding of CFRTP is the design of the welding joint, which largely determines the weld quality. An ultrasonic CFRTP welding method based on structured surfaces was proposed, that is, the surface of the workpiece is structured by ultrasonic embossing before welding, and energy director are processed. Taking carbon fiber reinforced nylon 66 (CF/PA66) as the research object, the effect of structured surface and welding energy on the weld formation was studied. Microstructure, tensile-shear performance and fracture characteristics of welded joint were analyzed. The results show that compared with the unstructured surface, the structured surface acting as energy director that can effectively concentrate welding energy and greatly reduce the randomness and dispersion of weld distribution, thereby improve the weld quality. Moreover, fewer defects in the weld joint can be obtained by pre-structuring two contacting surfaces.

Objective To investigate the potential factors influencing myocardial fibrosis (MF) in non-ischemic heart failure(HF) patients with an emphasis on the role of right heart catheter (RHC) parameters. Methods This retrospective research collected clinical data from 33 non-ischemic heart failure patients admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital who received endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and right heart catheter (RHC) examination. All the patients were divided into two groups: mild MF (n=17) and severe MF (n=16), by means of K-means cluster analysis. MF was quantitatively evaluated by Masson staining. Potential factors influencing MF were analyzed. Results Compared with that in mild MF group, patients in severe MF group had aggravated cardiac function (cardiac index, 2.15±0.76 vs. 2.94±1.10,P＜0.05), accompanied by higher systolic right ventricle pressure (RVP), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and total pulmonary resistance (TPR) (P＜0.05). Hypertension and TPR were independently correlated with the degree of MF in multiple linear regression analysis (Adjusted R2=0.454, P＜0.001). Conclusions Hypertension and TPR, reflecting afterload of left and right ventricle, are found to be independently correlated with degree of MF in non-isch- emic heart failure patients. Cardiologists should pay more attention to high-risk patients in order to retard MF progression through timely intervention.

Non-governmental organizations(NGOs), represented by the Institute of International Finance(IIF), are an important means of international financial cooperation. Asian Financial Cooperation Association(AFCA), with its nature and positioning similar to the IIF, is a newly founded international NGO under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). Therefore, AFCA can draw upon the existing experience of the IIF. Under the BRI, according to the Articles of AFCA, the non-governmental financial cooperation adopted by the IIF includes these three aspects; coordinating regional financing, developing regional financial markets, and maintaining regional financial stability. Further, since AFCA is non-governmental, it faces certain risks and challenges. In future, the new financial cooperation backed by AFCA needs to evolve and improve over time to better support the Belt and Road construction.

In recent decades, interview has gradually become a method widely adopted by architectural historians. In May 2022, the fifth Symposium on Oral History of Architecture in China will be held, where the academic convener is Professor Lai Delin, the same as the last four symposiums. This article presents an interview with Professor Lai, who introduces 1) the origin and organization of the first Symposium; 2) his experiences and methods of conducting interviews; and 3) his thoughts on the theories, mechanisms of development and potential topics of oral history of architecture in China. By doing so, the article portrays the oral history of architecture in contemporary China from the inside and from a historiographical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acids in atmospheric particulate matter are widely involved in various physical and chemical reactions in the atmosphere and contribute greatly to the formation of secondary organic aerosols and haze pollutions. Therefore， the concentration distribution characteristics， sources， and secondary formation of organic acids in particulate matter are of great significance for further investigation of organic aerosols and their secondary transformation. Fine particulate matter （PM 2.5 ） samples were collected in Zhengzhou， and three types of organic acids， including dicarboxylic acids， fatty acids， and resin acids， were analyzed to explore their species distribution， seasonal variations， source contribution， and secondary generation. Malonic acid （di-C 3 ） and succinate acid （di-C 4 ） were the most abundant in the identified dicarboxylic acids， which showed obvious seasonal variations in the order of summer > autumn > winter > spring. Fatty acids had the highest concentration in winter and the lowest concentration in spring， showing obvious bimodal advantages， with the most abundant compounds being palmitic acid and stearic acid （C 18 ）. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression （MLR） were used to analyze the source of organic acids in PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou； the results showed that 35% of the organic acids came from combustion and traffic sources， 24% from cooking sources， 23% from secondary formation， and 17% from natural sources. The ratios of the selected marker species （i.e.， di-C 3 / di-C 4 ， F/M， and C 18：1 / C 18 ） were used as tracers for the secondary formation of the organic aerosol and its aging process. The results showed that the photochemical reaction was intense in summer， and the proportion of organic aerosol aging or secondary production was high， whereas the photochemical reaction was weak in winter， and the aging degree of organic aerosol was low. Correlation analysis and MLR were used in combination to quantify the relative contribution of gas-phase oxidation and liquid-phase oxidation to dicarboxylic acid formation， and the results showed that gas-phase oxidation played a dominant role in the sampling period （accounting for 58%）， especially in summer （61%）.

Objectives: The clinical effects and surgical procedures of Hogan posterior pharyngeal flap in the treatment of the older patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after cleft palate repair were investigated., Methods: A total of 33 patients (aged 10-35 years; average of 20.4 years) with VPI secondary to cleft palate were included. They underwent Hogan posterior pharyngeal flap to improve velopharyngeal closure function. The clinical efficacy of the ope-ration was evaluated with Chinese speech clarity measurement and nasopharyngeal fiberscope (NPF), and the velopharyngeal closure was graded. The average follow-up time was 13.3 months., Results: The wounds of all patients were healed by first intention, and speech assessment showed that the consonant articulation increased and the rate of hypernasality and nasal emission decreased significantly ( P <0.05). NPF examination showed that the postoperative velopharyngeal closure function significantly improved, 30 cases (91%) were gradeⅠ, and 3 cases (9%) were grade Ⅱ., Conclusions: Hogan posterior pharyngeal flap for VPI secondary to cleft palate can significantly improve velopharyngeal closure.

Objective To discuss the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)parameters in evaluating the formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson(K-W)nodules in diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Sixty-two patients pathologically diagnosed with DN and undergoing CEUS in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2017 to January 2020 were assigned into two groups according to whether K-W nodules were formed.The cortical CEUS parameters and the ratios of cortical to medullary CEUS parameters were compared between the two groups.Results The 62 patients included 19 patients without K-W nodules(group A)and 43 patients with K-W nodules(group B).The median rise time( U =209, P =0.013)and fall time( U =197, P =0.007)in group B were significantly longer than those in group A.The median wash-in rate(WiR)( U =228, P =0.031)and wash-out rate(WoR)( U =229, P =0.032)in group B were significantly lower than those in group A.The median peak enhancement(PE)1/PE2( U =224, P =0.026),WiR1/WiR2( U =235, P =0.041),and WoR1/WoR2( U =230, P =0.043)ratios in group B were significantly lower than those in group A.The median FT1/FT2 ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in group A( U =227, P =0.038).Conclusion CEUS parameters can be used to quantitatively evaluate renal cortical microperfusion in DN patients with K-W nodules.

To study the spatiotemporal variations in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and the impact of air quality management in autumn and winter in Zhengzhou, five sites were selected to collect PM 2.5 samples from the autumn of 2017 to the winter of 2018, and the characteristics of the chemical components were analyzed. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was also applied to identify the sources of PM 2.5 , and the effect of air quality control was evaluated to provide support for air quality control in autumn and winter in the next stage. The PM 2.5 concentrations in the four seasons in Zhengzhou were ranked as winter > autumn > spring > summer. The PM 2.5 concentration at Zhengzhou University (ZZU) was the highest (8.7% higher than the average concentration), and the PM 2.5 concentrations at the other sites were slightly lower than the average concentration. The concentration of water-soluble ions (WSIs) was low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The average proportions of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + in the nine WSIs were as high as 22.5%, 43.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. The proportion of Cl - in winter was higher than that in the other seasons owing to coal combustion (6.7% and 6.6% in 2017 and 2018, respectively). Owing to wind and sand, the proportions of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in spring were the highest (4.4% and 0.4%, respectively), and those at the Jiancezhan (JCZ) and ZZU sites were higher than those at the other sites. K + , as a marker of biomass burning, had a higher proportion in spring, autumn, and winter. The proportion of K + in the spring of 2018 was 1.9%, those in the autumn and winter of 2017 were 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively, and those in the autumn and winter of 2018 were 1.3% and 1.8%, respectively. JCZ, Hangkonggang (HKG), and Xinmi (XM) had higher proportions of NO 3 - , and the proportions of SO 4 2- were lower. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) pollution was serious in autumn and winter, and the concentration accounted for more than half of the organic carbon (OC). In 2018, the SOC/OC at the JCZ and ZZU sites decreased compared with that in 2017, but that at the other three sites increased significantly, thereby indicating that different air pollutant emissions in these regions had different performances in response to control policies. The chemical composition reconstruction results showed that the proportion of sulfate was highest in summer (25.0%), the contribution of nitrate was higher in autumn (23.1% and 25.1% for 2017 and 2018, respectively) and winter (20.6% and 23.0% for 2017 and 2018, respectively), the proportion of crustal material was higher in spring (18.2%), and the contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was the highest in winter (14.1% and 20.5% for 2017 and 2018, respectively). SOA had higher contributions at the JCZ and HKG sites (16.9% and 16.4%, respectively), and ZZU was affected more by primary organic aerosol (14.3%) and crustal materials (12.1%). The PMF results showed that secondary inorganic salts (37.5%), SOA (15.4%), traffic (14.9%), industry (4.8%), coal combustion (16.0%), fugitive dust (6.5%), and biomass burning (2.8%) were the main pollution sources of PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou. SOA and coal combustion contributed more in winter and fugitive dust contributed more in spring, followed by autumn. Biomass burning contributed more in spring and autumn. The urban sites JCZ and ZZU and the characteristic site HKG near the airport were more affected by traffic sources (16.9%, 16.2%, and 16.0%, respectively) than the other sites. The impact of biomass burning on the non-urban sites XM and HKG was slightly larger (both 2.7%), and the contribution of coal combustion to the suburban site XM was higher (16.8%). Owing to the construction around ZZU, the loading of fugitive dust at ZZU was higher than that at other sites. Comparing the results of the two-year autumn and winter, the contribution of SOA, traffic, and industry increased in the autumn and winter of 2018, whereas the contribution of secondary inorganic salts, coal combustion, and biomass burning decreased and the contribution of fugitive dust in winter also decreased. The results showed that the control strategies in autumn and winter had significant effects on the primary sources, including fugitive dust, coal combustion, and industry, and SOA precursor volatile organic compounds should be targeted for further pollution control.

To understand the contents of various phosphorus forms, phosphorus solubilizing bacte-rial community structure and the relationship between them in soils after restoration from the seriously burning, we collected soil samples from artificial restoration (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Larix gmelinii plantation), artificial accelerated natural restoration (secondary forest) and natural restoration (natural secondary forest) stands in Greater Khingan Mountain area. Using methods of Sui et al. modified from Hedley phosphorus fractionation, we measured the contents of different phosphorus forms in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil (0-10, 10-20 cm). Abundances of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were quantified by high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed that the contents of H 2 O-P i , NaHCO 3 -P i and NaHCO 3 -P o in 0-10 cm bulk soil and NaHCO 3 -P o in rhizosphere soil followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation : natural secondary forest : secondary forest. The contents of H 2 O-P i , NaHCO 3 -P i , NaHCO 3 -P o in 10-20 cm bulk soil and H 2 O-P i , NaHCO 3 -P i in rhizosphere soil followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation : secondary forest : natural secondary forest. The ratios of contents of H 2 O-P i , NaHCO 3 -P i and NaHCO 3 -P o in rhizosphere to those in bulk soil (R/S) were higher than 1 in all forest stands. The moderately labile NaOH-P included NaOH-P i and NaOH-P o . The content of NaOH-P was in order of L. gmelinii plantation : natural secondary forest : secondary forest : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in 0-10 cm layer of bulk and rhizosphere soil, and ranked as L. gmelinii plantation : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation : secondary forest : natural secondary forest in 10-20 cm layer of bulk soil. There was rhizosphere effect of NaOH-P in the soil. The stable HCl-P included HCl-P i and HCl-P o . The content of HCl-P followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation : natural secondary forest : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation : secondary forest in 0-10 cm layer of bulk soil,and ranked as L. gmelinii plantation : P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation : natural secondary forest : secondary forest in the 10-20 cm layer. The content of residual-P in the soil was not sensitive to restoration methods. Bradyrhizobium, Streptomyces, Burkholderia and Bacillus were the main phosphorus solubilizing bacteria across all forest stands. The abundances of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in soil of L. gmelinii plantation and P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation were significantly higher than that of secondary forest and natural secondary forest. Results of redundancy analysis showed that the correlation between phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and various phosphorus forms was different. Our results showed that artificial afforestation was more conducive in improving the availability of phosphorus in soil and the abundance of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria.

Objective: To explore the effective ability and strategy of improving in-hospital emergency in large general hospitals through investigating and analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of patients treated by rapid response team (RRT) in the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang., Methods: The clinical data of 145 patients treated by RRT in the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang from April 1st to June 30th in 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data including gender, age, RRT response time, disease type, direct cause of RRT initiation, the incidence of cardiac arrest, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate and outcome were statistically analyzed. The correlation between indicators was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Pareto diagram was used to analyze the direct cause of RRT initiation., Results: A total of 145 patients were treated by RRT within 3 months. The ratio of male (n = 85) to female (n = 60) was 1.42:1. The age of patients treated by RRT was (72.83±14.84) years old, and the response time was (3.27±1.42) minutes. The incidence of cardiac arrest was 23.4% (34/145), and the ICU admission rate was 29.7% (43/145). The hospital mortality was 40.0% (58/145), and the rescue success rate was 60.0% (87/145). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of cardiac arrest and hospital mortality (r = 0.545, P < 0.01). According to the disease type of patients treated by RRT analysis, respiratory system diseases (n = 44, 30.3%) accounted for the most, followed by circulatory system diseases (n = 43, 29.7%), nervous system diseases (n = 25, 17.2%), digestive system diseases (n = 19, 13.1%), trauma (n = 5, 3.4%), endocrine system diseases (n = 3, 2.1%), urinary system diseases (n = 2, 1.4%) and others (n = 4, 2.8%). Further analysis showed that patients aged between 85 years old and 94 years old were prone to the respiratory system diseases, accounting for 48.5% (16/33) of the population in this age group, while the cardiovascular system diseases were the most common in patients older than 55 years old, accounting for 31.0% (40/129) of the population in this age group. Pareto diagram showed that the percentages of direct causes of RRT initiation ranked from high to low, the cumulative percentage of pneumonia (n = 30, 20.7%), acute myocardial infarction (n = 26, 17.9%), stroke (n = 20, 13.8%), septic shock (n = 14, 9.7%), heart failure (n = 10, 6.9%), respiratory and cardiac arrest (n = 9, 6.2%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 7, 4.8%), which were the main direct causes of RRT initiation with a total of 80%., Conclusions: Respiratory system and circulatory system diseases are the main causes for RRT treatment in first-aid patients in the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang. The hospital mortality significantly increases once patients suffered cardiac arrest. The RRT can provide effective intervention earlier and faster, and establish a complete RRT emergency strategy, which is helpful to improve the in-hospital emergency ability in large general hospitals.

This case presents vertical root fracture with vital pulp in mandibular right first molar. Examinations of the history, clinical tests, laser Doppler flowmetry, and radiographs revealed that the tooth showed positive response to electric pulp testing and was normal compared with the healthy control tooth. This study aimed to use a novel vital preserving surgical technique (microapical surgery and nanometer bioactive materials) to make an effective therapeutic decision for the vital tooth with vertical root fracture.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a member of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAHs) family, and catalyze phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine (Tyr). Using immunological and RT-PCR methods to prove the existence of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in the brain of Neanthes japonica in protein and nucleic acid level. Using Western blotting to detect the pah immunogenicity of Neanthes japonica. Making paraffin sections and using immunohistochemical technique to identify the presence and distribution of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in the brain of Neanthes japonica. Clone pah gene from the brain of Neanthes japonica by RT-PCR, constructing plasmid and transferring into E. coli to amplification, picking a single homogeneous colony, double digesting then making sequence and comparing homology. Western blotting results showed that the expression of the protein is present in Neanthes japonica brain, immunohistochemistry technique results showed that phenylalanine hydroxylase mainly expressed in abdominal of forebrain, dorsal and sides of midbrain. RT-PCR technique results showed that the phenylalanine hydroxylase exist in the brain of Neanthes japonica and has a high homology with others animals. PAH is present in the lower organisms Neanthes japonica, in protein and nucleic acid level. Which provide the foundation for further study the evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase genes in invertebrate.

Objective: To explore the effects of feeding mode on biological clock and circadian expression of lipids metabolism-related genes in mice., Methods: Ninety healthy male ICR mice were divided into 3 groups with 30 in each: ad libitum-feeding, daytime-feeding and nighttime-feeding groups, in a 12 h to 12 h light-dark cycle. After two weeks of feeding the animals was sacrificed in batches (5 in each batch) at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h, the circadian expression of lipids metabolism-related genes in the liver and brain was detected by real time quantitative RT PCR at 6 time points., Results: The circadian oscillator in the brain was more sensitive to alteration of feeding mode than that in the liver, nighttime feeding decreased peak mRNA levels of Cry2, Per1, and Per2 (5.5, 4.3 and 7.1 folds, respectively) in the brain. However, there was no difference in the expression rhythm of hepatic clock genes between nighttime-feeding and ad libitum group. In addition, changed feeding mode significantly decreased the peak value of Rev erbα (2 folds for daytime feeding, 3.4 folds for nighttime feeding) and Dbp (10.6 folds for daytime feeding, 2.8 folds for nighttime feeding), which two had opposite expression mode in different feeding modes. Different expression rhythm of lipid metabolism related genes SREBP1-c, PPARα, FAS, and CPT was shown with decreased mRNA expression levels of SREBP1-c and PPARα in daytime feeding (5.5 folds, 4 folds) and nighttime feeding (4.4 folds, 4.8 folds)., Conclusion: Changing the feeding mode could entrain circadian oscillators both in the brain and liver. What is more, hepatic circadian oscillators couple with the feeding time.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common conditions in the elderly. Most of MGD patients undergoing cataract surgery were found to have significant dry eye symptoms and ocular surface disease. The severe cases with ocular surface disease are also at higher risk of postoperative complications, namely infections and corneal ulcers. To improve the operation effect and achieve the best visual outcome and life quality in cataract patients, it is important to evaluate the ocular surface and meibomian glands in MGD patients preoperatively, pay attention to the intraoperative care and detect the postoperative complications carefully and use medicine properly.

Objective: To optimize the processing technologies of Dipsaci Radix by comprehensive method., Methods: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC analysis were used to determine the contents of total saponins, saponins VI of water extract and alcohol extract of Dipsaci Radix. Comprehensive evaluation method was used to optimize the processing technologies for Dipsaci Radix habitat., Results: The sequence of quality of processing was as follows: baked half dry sweating products (0.7046) > half dry sweating products (0.5857) in the shade > scald soft sweating products (0.5852) > bask dried products (0.3138) > evaporate soft sweating products (0.0952)., Conclusion: The processing technology optimized by the comprehensive method can ensure the quality of Dipsaci Radix.

Objective: To analyze the long-term safety of implantation of iris-fixed phakic intraocular lens (IOL) Verisyse for the treatment of high myopia., Methods: One hundred and eighteen eyes of 59 cases implanted Verisyse for high myopia in Eye Center of Tongren Hospital from Jan. 2005 to Jan. 2007 were followed up for 48 to 72 months, mean time period was (56.2 ± 16.9) months. There were 32 male cases (64 eyes) and 27 female cases (54 eyes). Age ranged from 22 to 39 years old, mean (26.6 ± 7.5) years. The uncorrected vision acuity was 0.02 - 0.08, and the best corrected vision acuity was 0.3 - 1.0. The visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelium and the distance between Verisyse to corneal and lens was measured separately, and the complications were also observed. The results were treated with analysis of paired-samples t test and Fisher exact probability test. A difference at P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant., Results: The complications included the dislocation of Verisyse into anterior chamber in 8 cases (8 eyes, 6.78%), retina detachment in 2 cases (2 eyes, 1.69%), corneal endothelium lost more than 1000/mm(2) in 6 cases (7 eyes, 5.93%), corneal edema in 1 case (1 eye, 0.84%). Pre-operative mean corneal endothelium density was (2821 ± 117)/mm(2), and it was (2249 ± 654)/mm(2) after surgery. There was no significant difference (t = 1.112, P = 0.09) between pre- and post-operative data. Post-operative uncorrected vision improved 5 to 8 lines than that of pre-operation. Post-operative corrected vision improved 1 to 3 lines than that of pre-operation except 1 case (1 eye) developed corneal decompensation and 2 cases (2 eyes) developed retina detachment. SE showed no significant difference in long-term after operation compared with 3 months after surgery (t = 0.641, P = 0.21). The mean intraocular pressure was (16.4 ± 3.4) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa). The distance between anterior surface of IOL and endothelium was (2.468 ± 0.342) mm, distance between posterior surface of IOL and lens was (0.652 ± 0.176) mm, and distance between edge of IOL and peripheral endothelium was (1.728 ± 0.213) mm except eyes occurred Verisyse dislocation. Verisyse dislocation occurred more commonly when the iris was not perfectly crapped in the loop, and the difference was significant (P = 0.000). No glaucoma occurred., Conclusions: Implantation of Verisyse can correct high myopia effectively. But it damages corneal endothelium in some cases. This complication may be related to the unstable position of Verisyse in the anterior chamber. So we should pay more attention to the safety of this kind of phakic IOL clinically.

Objective: To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor can provide therapeutic effects for rabbits posterior capsule opacification in vivo and to observe the side effects of this drug on surrounding intraocular structures., Methods: Experimental research. New Zealand white rabbits were undertaken phacoemulsification operation. GM6001 at different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 µmol/L) and GM6001 negative control liqueur were infused into the capsule bags of the rabbits at the end of operation and two days after the operation. The incidence of posterior capsule opacification was assessed and the histological sections of posterior capsules were observed under microscope 12 weeks after the surgery. The anterior chamber response was observed on day 2 post-operatively. The changes of intraocular pressure were measured by day 2 and day 7. Corneal endothelial cells were observed under scanning electron microscope and iris, ciliary body and retina were observed under microscope on day 7., Results: GM6001 significantly prevented posterior capsule opacification (P = 0.007). No opacification occurred on the rabbit posterior capsule in eyes with 200 and 500 µmol/L GM6001 on week 12 post-operatively in vivo. No cells were found on posterior capsule in 500 µmol/L group, whereas lens epithelial cells and fibroblasts were found in the controls under microscope. No difference of anterior chamber flare between the eyes with GM6001 at different concentrations and the control group (P = 0.380) by day 2 after the operation. The intraocular pressure in eyes with GM6001 was the same as that in the control 2-days (F = 0.642, P = 0.597) and 7-days (F = 0.179, P = 0.909) post-operation. The corneal endothelial cells in eyes with 500 µmol/L GM6001 arranged regularly and did not show any difference from that in the control eyes under scanning electron microscope 7-day after the operation. The iris, ciliary body and retina in eyes with 500 µmol/L GM6001 were normal in appearance 7-day after the operation., Conclusions: MMP inhibitor can prevent posterior capsule opacification effectively in rabbits in vivo and does not cause damage to surrounding intraocular structures, suggesting that MMP inhibitor may become a medication used for the prevention of lens posterior capsule opacification.

Objective: To study the movement of intraocular contact lens (ICL) during accommodation., Methods: Forty one eyes of 41 consecutive patients implanted ICL to correct high myopia were collected. The visual acuity and accommodation power were checked before and after the surgery. The movement of both the ICL and the lens was measured separately at nonaccommodated state and pilocarpine induced accommodation., Results: The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved 3 months after surgery. The mean accommodation power before surgery was (2.12 + or - 1.06) D, and was (4.46 + or - 2.11) D 3 months after surgery. Accommodation power was improved significantly (t = 2.312, P = 0.022). The distance from the posterior surface of ICL to the anterior surface of the lens was (0.48 + or - 0.27) mm at nonaccommodated state, and (0.34 + or - 0.19) mm at drug induced accommodation, the difference was significant (t = 2.104, P = 0.038). The position from corneal endothelium to the anterior surface of ICL had no significant difference at nonaccommodated state and drug induced accommodation (t = 1.165, P = 0.149). Depth of the anterior chamber (from the posterior surface of the cornea to the anterior surface of the lens) between nonaccommodated and drug-induced accommodation had no statistically significant difference (t = 1.821, P = 0.071), but the anterior pole of the lens actually moved forward at drug induced accommodation checked with slit lamp. With ultrasound biomicroscopy we could see that in several surgical eyes, ICL loop contacted with periphery lens both in nonaccommodated state and drug induced accommodation condition., Conclusions: Although the constriction of pupil induced by pilocarpine decreases the distance from the posterior surface of ICL to the anterior lens surface significantly, there still has enough space to avoid the occurrence of subcapsular cataract. The contact between ICL loop and periphery lens might be one of the causes for periphery lens opacification, but the influence of this contact to the occurrence of central subcapsular opacification still requires further investigation.

Taking 3'-Me-Ado (3'-methyladenosine) and Cladribine as the leading compounds, seventeen 3'-C-methyl-furanonucleosides were designed and synthesized. All the structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The target compounds were tested in vitro against human pulmonary carcinoma A549, human colon carcinoma LOVO and human leukemia CEM by MTT assay. The results showed that these compounds possessed moderate cytotoxicities.

Objective: To explore the improvement of the method for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of humerus in order to prevent and decrease the occurrence of cubitus varus., Methods: One hundred and ninety-seven patients with supracondylar fractures of humerus included 167 males and 30 females with an average age of 8.7 years old ranging from 3 to 12 years. There were 179 cases of extention and 18 cases of flexion. Six cases were open fractures. Thirty-four patients of fractures underwent fixation by only plaster slab, 53 underwent manipulative reduction and fixation by plaster slab, 23 underwent traction reduction and fixation by plaster slab, 87 underwent surgical operation. Among the cases of operation, 29 cases adopted anterior-lateral incision of elbow and 85 adopted posterior-interior incision of elbow., Results: Among the 197 cases, 191 cases were followed up for 1 to 5 years with an average of 3.7 years. According to the correlated curative effect evaluation of supracondylar fractures of humerus, the results were excellent in 142 cases, good in 27, fair in 13, poor in 9. Cubitus varus occurred in 8 cases., Conclusion: The objective factors for the occurrence of elbow varus do exist. However, during the treatment of these fracture, if strict correction of the ulnar deviation and stability are maintained during the reduction, the rate of occurrence of elbow varus could made to decreased a minimum.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high frequency component of accommodative microfluctuation (HFC) and the pseudo accommodation after the implantation of foldable intraocular lenses (IOL)., Methods: With ARK-730A accommodation analyzer we checked HFC in 50 cases (50 eyes) of patients who had good pupil reaction to light and the pupil diameter was 2.0 approximately 3.5 mm approximately. Three months after the implantation of foldable IOL, the relationship among ciliary muscle accommodative microfluctuation, IOL movement and pseudo accommodation was analyzed., Results: There was positive correlation between ciliary muscle accommodative microfluctuation and IOL movement (r = 0.702, P < 0.01), between IOL movement and pseudo accommodation (r = 0.861, P < 0.01), and between ciliary muscle accommodative microfluctuation and pseudo accommodation (r = 0.915, P < 0.01). Pseudo accommodation was greater in patients who showed more ciliary muscle accommodative microfluctuation and IOL movement., Conclusion: HFC induces IOL movement, and it is one of the most important reasons for pseudo accommodation after foldable IOL implantation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of PUW (a fraction containing 60% corilagin from a Chinese herbal plant Phyllanthus urinaria) on thrombosis and coagulation system., Methods: Myers's method was used to evaluate the protection of intravenously administered PUW against the male mouse sudden death caused by injection of 75 mg/kg arachidonic acid in the tail vein; Charlton's method was modified to observe antithrombotic effect of PUW in rat electrically stimulated carotid artery thrombosis model; and the model of venous thrombosis was produced to investigate the antithrombotic effect of PUW. Rosette assay was used to observe the effect of PUW on platelet-neutrophil adhesion. The effects of PUW were monitored on euglobulin lysis time (ELT), prothrombin time (PT), kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), and bleeding time (BT) in rats, according to the methods of Kowalski, HUANG Zheng-Liang, and GU Yue-Fang, et al, respectively., Results: The results showed that PUW administered intravenously significantly decreased the mouse mortality, prolonged the occlusion time of rat carotid arteries, and reduced the wet and dry thrombus weight of the inferior vena cava, respectively. PUW markedly inhibited the binding of activated platelets to neutrophils, obtaining 39.7 mg/L of the medium inhibitory concentration. Intravenously administered PUW significantly shortened ELT, prolonged KPTT while had no influence on PT; PUW increased BT in rat tail tips but the BT caused by PUW was much shorter than that by aspirin or urokinase., Conclusion: It is suggested that PUW has the potential of antithrombosis due to its inhibition of platelet-neutrophil adhesion. PUW shows the tendency to bleeding, however, it could not cause serious bleeding side effect as compared with aspirin or urokinase.