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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of acute stent implantation during endovascular treatment for patients with emergent large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 46 patients with emergent large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis who received endovascular treatment at the Strategic Support Force Medical Center from January 2015 to August 2022. Twenty-seven patients underwent balloon angioplasty alone and 19 patients underwent acute stent implantation. The baseline characteristics, modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of the responsible vessels, modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 90 days after operation, incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality of the two groups were evaluated. Results: The proportion of effective recanalization of the offending vessels (mTICI≥2b) in the acute stenting group was slightly higher than that in the balloon angioplasty group (16/19 vs. 81.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference in the median of mRS between the acute stenting group [3.0(0, 4.0)] and the balloon angioplasty group [4.0(1.0, 5.0)] 90 days after operation ( P >0.05). In terms of safety, the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality were comparable between the two groups ( P >0.05). Conclusions: The effect of acute stent implantation during endovascular treatment for patients with emergent large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is not inferior to that of balloon angioplasty, and it does not increase the risk of intracranial bleeding complications.

Objectives: Based on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and common laboratory test indexes, this study aimed to construct a predictive scoring system for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD)., Methods: Children hospitalized in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2021 to March 2023 were included in the study (185 cases of IVIG-sensitive KD and 41 cases of IVIG -resistant KD). Forty-six healthy children matched for age and gender were selected as controls. The relative percentage and absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predictive factors for IVIG-resistant KD and to construct a predictive scoring system for predicting IVIG-resistant KD., Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4 + T cell absolute count, natural killer cell absolute count, serum sodium level, globulin level, and total bilirubin level were identified as predictive factors for IVIG-resistant KD ( P <0.05). The predictive scoring system based on these factors achieved a sensitivity of 70.7% and a specificity of 83.8% in predicting IVIG-resistant KD., Conclusions: Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets can serve as predictive indicators for IVIG-resistant KD in children. The introduction of this indicator and the establishment of a scoring system based on it can provide a higher accuracy in predicting IVIG-resistant KD in children.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease within one year after surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study selected 502 infants with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical treatment in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2018 to January 2019. Their basic information and clinical data were analyzed, and their nutrition status after the surgery was followed up by questionnaire survey. Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ)≤-2 one year after operation was defined as malnutrition group, and WAZ>-2 was non-malnutrition group. The perioperative indicators and complementary food advancement were compared between the two groups by chi-square test, t -test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 502 infants were selected, including 301 males and 201 females, with the age of 4.1 (2.0, 6.8) months. There were 90 cases in malnutrition group and 412 cases in non-malnutrition group. The body length and weight at birth in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((47.8±3.8) vs. (49.3±2.5) cm, (2.7±0.6) vs. (3.0±0.5) kg, both P <0.001). The proportion of paternal high school education or above and the proportion of family per capita income of 5 000 yuan or above in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((18.9% (17/90) vs. 30.8% (127/412), 18.9% (17/90) vs. 33.7% (139/412), both P <0.05). Compared to the non-malnutrition group, the proportion of complex congenital heart disease in the malnutrition group was higher (62.2% (56/90) vs. 47.3% (195/412), P <0.05). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, postoperative hospital stay, total length of ICU stay and total hospital stay in the malnutrition group were significantly longer than those in non-malnutrition group (all P <0.05). The proportion of egg and fish supplementation over 2 times/week within one year after the surgery was also lower in the malnutrition group (both P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother's weight at delivery ( OR =0.95,95% CI 0.91-0.99), the pre-operative WAZ≤-2 ( OR =6.04, 95% CI 3.13-11.65), the complexity of the cardiac disease ( OR =2.23, 95% CI 1.22-4.06), the hospital stay after the surgery over 14 days ( OR =2.61, 95% CI 1.30-5.26), the types of complementary food<4 ( OR =2.57, 95% CI 1.39-4.76), and the frequency of meat and fish<2 times/week ( OR =2.11, 95% CI 1.13-3.93) were the risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after the surgery. Conclusion: Mother's weight at delivery pre-operative nutritional status, complexity of cardiac disease, postoperative hospital stay, types of daily supplements and frequency of fish are risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after surgery in children with congenital heart disease.

Objective: To analyze the follow-up and clinical effect of multidisciplinary treatment on the children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: The clinical data including nutritional status, respiratory function, bone health and motor function of 45 children with SMA who received multidisciplinary management 1-year follow-up in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. Comparisons before and after management were performed using paired-samples t -test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, etc. Results: The age of 45 patients (25 boys and 20 girls) was 50.4 (33.6, 84.0) months at the enrollment, with 6 cases of type 1, 22 cases of type 2, and 17 cases of type 3 respectively. After the multidisciplinary management, the cases of SMA patients with malnutrition decreased from 22 to 12 ( P =0.030), the level of vitamin D were significantly increased ((45±17) vs. (48±14) nmol/L, t =-4.13, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the forced vital capacity %pred, the forced expiratory volume at 1 second %pred, and the peak expiratory flow %pred ((76±19)% and (76±21)%, (81±18)% and (79±18)%, (81±21)% and (78±17)%; t =-0.24, 1.36, 1.21; all P >0.05). The Cobbs angle of scoliosis also improved significantly (8.0°(0°, 13.0°) vs. 10.0°(0°, 18.5°), Z =-3.01, P =0.003). The Hammersmith functional motor scale expanded scores of children with SMA type 2 and type 3 both showed significant elevation (11.0 (8.0, 18.0) vs. 11.0 (5.0, 18.5) scores, 44.0 (36.5, 53.0) vs. 44.0 (34.0, 51.5) scores, Z =2.44, 3.11, P =0.015, 0.002). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary management is beneficial for delaying the progression of the multi-system impairments of SMA patients, such as malnutrition, restrictive ventilation dysfunction and scoliosis.

Objective: To set up a prediction scoring system for the hypoxemia in infants with Pierre Robin sequence after weaning and evaluate its clinical value. Methods: Data of consecutive patients from November 2016 to June 2019, who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, were retrospectively analyzed ( n= 148). All the cases were divided into two groups according to the appearance of hypoxemia after weaning. They were randomly divided into the derivation cohorc (2/3, n= 100) and the validation cohort (1/3, n= 48). Single factor and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to select the independent risk factors related to hypoxemia and establish a prediction model. A prediction scoring system was developed in accordance with assigning of the value of each variable β in the model. Internal verification of scoring system by validation population. Data of consecutive patients from July 2019 to November 2019, who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis, were prospectively analyzed ( n= 26). The diagnostic accuracy were conducted to evaluate the clinical value of the scoring system. Results: The logistic regression demonstrated that age at operation, pulmonary infection and the length of distraction less than 5 mm at weaning were the independent risk factors for hypoxemia. The P value of logistic regression model in Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was 0.848, and a prediction scoring system was established accordingly. The area under the ROC curve of the scoring system was 0.890, and the optimum critical value was 53. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of the model were 78.6%(11/14),86.1%(74/86), 85.0%(85/100) respectively. The predictive effectiveness of the scoring system in the retrospective validation population was similar to that in the modeling population. 26 patients were included in the prospective analysis. The area under ROC curve of the scoring system was 0.870. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 80.0%(5/6),95.0%(20/21), 96.1%(25/26) respectively. Conclusion: The prediction scoring system established in the study are efficacious for the hypoxemia in infants with Pierre Robin sequence after weaning.

Using artificial water, the simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), and denitrification (SNAD) granular sludge process was started in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and then the ammonia concentration in the influent was reduced gradually. After stable operation for a period of time under the low ammonia concentration, sewage treated by a pre-precipitation process was used as a substrate to investigate the performance and stability of the SNAD granular sludge process. The results show that after the SNAD process was successfully started, the ammonia removal rate was greater than 98%, and total the nitrogen removal rate was about 89%. As the influent ammonia concentration decreased, the nitride-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity was increased and the total nitrogen removal rate gradually decreased to 75%. When the pre-precipitated domestic sewage (NH 4 + -N 52-63 mg·L -1 , COD 99-123 mg·L -1 ) was used as the inflow, the average effluent removal rate of the total effluent was 73.2%, the effluent COD concentration was below 35 mg·L -1 , and the maximum effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration were 0.7 mg·L -1 and 12.8 mg·L -1 . The ammonia and total nitrogen concentration in the continuous 30 day effluent reached the 1A level of the integrated discharge standard of water pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment, indicating that the removal of organics and nitrogen from domestic sewage was achieved efficiently and synchronously.

To study the effect of the startup strategies on the simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX, and denitrification (SNAD) granular sludge processes, these processes were initiated by starting the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process and anaerobic ammonia oxidation-denitrification (SAD) process at 12.7℃ and 18.3℃, respectively. The results show that the ammonia nitrogen was almost completely removed and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 86.7% after the R1 reactor was successfully started. When the ammonia concentration was low, the total nitrogen removal rate in the effluent decreased to 75.3%, the total nitrogen concentration in the effluent was~10 mg·L -1 , and excessive proliferation of the NOB was observed. The total nitrogen concentration in the effluent exceeded the 1A level of the integrated discharge standard of water pollutants applied in Beijing City. After the R2 reactor was successfully started, the effluent contained almost no ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen removal rate was~89.1%, that is, slightly higher than that of the R1 reactor. When the ammonia concentration was low, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in effluent was less than 1.0 mg·L -1 and the total nitrogen concentration in the effluent was less than 6 mg·L -1 . The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the effluent reached the 1A level of the integrated discharge standard of water pollutants applied in Beijing City. First, the startup of the SAD process gradually eliminated the NOB from the system through anaerobic operation in the initial stage of the startup, maintained the stability of the system, provided a good basis for the subsequent aeration to start the SNAD process, maintained the stable operation of the reactor, and the long-term discharge of total nitrogen reached the standard.

Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children's hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion: The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.

Outside the municipal waste water treatment plant(WWTP) which located in Mentougou District, Beijing, the effluent of the anoxic/oxic(A/O) phosphorus removal process served as the substrate to operate a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) filter reactor.. After the reactor was successfully activated, glucose was added to the influent as the organic carbon source. The simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and denitrification (SNAD) process was started to study the effect of SNAD filter on sewage treatment. The results showed that from 119 d to 128 d, the ammonia removal rate of the CANON process was more than 95%, and the maximum total nitrogen concentration in the effluent was 13.0 mg·L -1 . Total nitrogen concentration surpassed the 1A level of the Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants applied in Beijing City. The SNAD process was started by adding glucose to the influent at 129 d. The total nitrogen removal rate of this process was about 85% at 133-187 d, and the total nitrogen concentration in the effluent was 5.5-7.3 mg·L -1 . The filter plugged up at 195 d, and backwash was utilized at 196 d. During the subsequent 30 d, the total nitrogen removal rate of the reactor was greater than 85%, and the total nitrogen concentration in the effluent remained at 6.2-7.2 mg·L -1 . Compared with the CANON process, the SNAD process improved the total nitrogen removal rate and reduced the total nitrogen concentration of the effluent by 6 mg·L -1 . The ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations in effluent satisfied the 1A level of the Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants.

Objective: To evalute the clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) for infertility male with severe asthenospermia induced by multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella (MMAF). Methods: The clinical data of 15 patient with MMAF were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent ICSI treatment using hyponotic swelling test the "live" sperm in the Department of Reproductive Medicine of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016. Another 30 obstructive azoospermia (OA)patients are matched strictly who also accepted ICSI in the same treatment time. The two groups were compared in the couples'age, the body mass index(BMI), the duration of infertility, the retrieved oocytes, the number of ICSI oocytes, and the rates of fertilization, cleavage, transferrable embryos, good embryos, embryos implanted, clinical pregncncy, early abortion, singleton and twins. Results: After 27 cycles of ICSI, all of the MMAF patients achieved clinical pregnancy, including 11 cases of live birth, 2 cases of spontaneous abortion, and 2 cases of pregnancy maintenance. There were no significant difference between MMAF and OA groups in the couples'age and BMI, or the numbers of retrieved oocytes and ICSI oocytes( P >0.05), but the differences in the infertility duration had statistical meaning( P <0.001). No statistical differences were observed among groups in ICSI fertility rate(92.0% vs 91.6%), clesvage rate(95.4% vs 96.5%), high-quality embryonic rate(56.5% vs 57.5%), good blastocyst rate(23/61 vs 35/94), embryo implantation rate(20/48 vs 35/75), early abortion rate(4/19 vs 8/36), clinical pregncncy rate(15/27 vs 28/50), singleton rate (10/13 vs 20/25)and twinning rate(3/13 vs 5/25)( P >0.05). Conclusions: MMAF may not affect ICSI treatment outcomes, but genetic defects can be transmitted through ICSI. The affected couples should be informed of the necessity of prenatal genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation and the inevitable vertical transmission of genetic problems to the offspring.

Methyl halides are the major carrier of halogens in the atmosphere, and they play an important role in tropospheric and stratospheric ozone depletion. Meanwhile, methyl halides can act as greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and they are also environmentally significant because of their toxicity. Coastal salt marshes, the important intertidal ecosystems at the land-ocean interface, have been considered to be a large potential natural source of methyl halides. In this paper, the research status of the natural source or sink of methyl halides, the mechanisms of their emission from coastal salt marshes and affecting factors were summarized. In view of this, the following research fields need to be strengthened in the future: 1) Long time-scale and large region-range researches about the emission of methyl halides and the evaluation of their source and sink function, 2) Accurate quantification of contribution rates of different plant species and various biological types to fluxes of methyl halides, 3) Further researches on effects of the tidal fluctuation process and flooding duration on methyl halides emission, 4) Effects of the global change and human activities on methyl halides emission.

Methyl bromide is an important atmospheric trace gas, which plays significant roles in the global warming and atmospheric chemistry. The ocean plays important and complex roles in the global biogeochemical cycles of methyl bromide, not only the source of atmospheric methyl bromide, but also the sink. Therefore, developing the chemical research of the soluble methyl bromide in the ocean, will not only have a certain guiding significance to the atmospheric ozone layer protection, but also provide a theoretical basis for estimating methyl bromide's contribution to the global environmental change on global scale. This paper reviewed the research advances on methyl bromide in the ocean, from the aspects of the biogeochemical cycle of methyl bromide in the ocean, the analysis and determination method, the concentration distribution, the sea-to-air flux and its sources and sinks in the atmosphere. Some deficiencies in the current studies were put forward, and the directions of the future studies were prospected.

Objective: To provide more detailed information on the roles of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatic injuries in a pre-clinical rat model., Methods: Totally 72 rats were divided into 6 groups (12 in each group) Rats in 5 experimental groups (n = 12) were fed with a high-fat diet (1% cholesterol, 10% lard, 0.3% sodium tauroglycocholate, 87.3% standard rodent chow as the control group) for 2, 4, 6, 10 and 16 weeks, respectively. Morphological studies in the pancreas tissue samples from rats were investigated by using various histological methods. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were identified by immunohistochemical staining for Desmin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The expression of the lipid peroxidation was detected by immunostaining for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and thromboxane A2 receptor (TxA2r). The co-localization of α-SMA and 4-HNE or α-SMA and TxA2r in PSCs was also analyzed in this study., Results: Pancreatic cells with positive staining for Desmin and α-SMA in HFD rats were distributed in a more extensive way when compared to that in the control group. The levels of pancreatic 4-HNE and TxA2r were increased in rats from HFD groups significantly. The co-localization of 4-HNE and TxA2r were also found within activated PSCs in both of groups., Conclusion: The results showed that a chronic HFD feeding may increase the lipid peroxidation process and collagen synthesis through a critical signaling pathway of activated PSCs following pancreatic injuries in rats.

The clinical practice of China's integrative medicine (IM) and international integrative medicine was reviewed. As for the existent problems, we raised some personal ideas from the aspects of policies and regulations, safety, efficacy, and educational training, etc.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of the video-assisted minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation in comparison with catheter ablation for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: A total of 172 patients [116 male, mean age (56 ± 12) years] with persistent AF underwent ablation procedures during the last 4 years in our institute (83 patients underwent video-assisted minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation, group MIA and 89 patients underwent circumferential pulmonary vein linear ablation, group CA). Mean duration of preoperative AF was (72 ± 68) months. Patients were follow-uped for a period of 1 to 3.6 years [mean (2.2 ± 0.8) years]., Results: There was no procedure related death. During follow-up, one patient died of encephalorrhagia in CA group, one patient died of sudden death in each group. At the end of the procedure, there were 67 sinus rhythm (39.0%), 4 pacing rhythm (2.3%), 29 atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia (16.9%) and 72 AF (41.9%). Before discharge, sinus rhythm was recorded in 53 patients (63.9%) of MIA group and in 78 patients (87.6%) of CA group; AF recorded in 24 patients (28.9%) of MIA group and in 4 patients (4.5%) of CA group (P < 0.01). At the latest follow-up, sinus rhythm was recorded in 65 patients (79.3%) of MIA group and in 54 patients (62.1%) of CA group; AF or atrial flutter was recorded in 14 patients (17.1%) of MIA group and in 24 patients (27.6%) of CA group (P = 0.028). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the long-term efficacy of MIA is superior to CA in terms of incidence of free of AF, AF recurrence and antiarrhythmic drugs (P = 0.03, P = 0.028, P = 0.017, respectively)., Conclusions: The video-assisted minimally invasive ablation was safe and effective, and had an optimistic long-term success rate for patients with long-lasting persistent AF. Thus, a randomized study comparing the long-term efficacy between the two procedures for patients with long-lasting persistent AF is warranted.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the video-assisted minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation combined irbesartan use for the treatment of the persistent atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: From January 2006 to December 2009, 83 patients with persistent AF having a video-assisted minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation. There were 58 males, 25 females with a mean age of (57 ± 11) years. Mean duration of preoperative AF was (61 ± 65) months. Follow-up for the whole patients ranged from 1.0 to 3.6 years [mean (2.2 ± 0.8) years]. Patients were randomly divided into irbesartan group (n = 42) and without irbesartan group (n = 41) postoperatively., Results: No patient died postoperatively. During follow-up, there was 1 patient died of unknown reason. At the end of the procedure, 38 patients (45.7%) were sinus rhythm, 4 patients (4.9%) were pacing rhythm, 5 patients (6.0%) were atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia, and 36 patients (43.4%) were AF. Before discharge, 53 patients (63.9%) were sinus rhythm, 24 patients (28.9%) were AF. At late follow-up, 65 patients (80.2%) were sinus rhythm; 14 patients (17.3%) were AF or atrial flutter. After follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the irbesartan group had fewer patients with AF (P = 0.020). The hazard ratio for AF recurrence in patients treated with irbesartan was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.087 to 0.637, P = 0.004)., Conclusions: The video-assisted minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective. The patients treated with irbesartan have a lower rate of recurrence of AF.

Objective: To described the prevalence of school physical violence behaviors and to explore its associated factors among middle school students in Beijing., Methods: In 2009, a randomly selected cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5718 students in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. A self-report anonymous questionnaire involving physical violence at school and socio-demographic variables, such as sex, grades, family economic status and family structure, peer relationships, and communication with their parents etc. were completed by students themselves. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between physical violence and socio-demographic variables., Results: Among the students, 14.3% reported that they had had physical violence behavior in school during the past 12 months. Male students had been more likely to have physical violence behaviors than female students (Male 25.2%, Female 5.1%). For both male and female students, poor school cohesion were the risk factors of physical violence behaviors (Male OR = 1.060, Female OR = 1.065). For male students, factors as father's lower education level (OR = 1.653), remarried/single-parent families (OR = 1.834), low-grade (grade 7 OR = 5.291; grade 11 OR = 1.526), poor school performance (OR = 1.470) etc were the risk factors of physical violence behaviors; while better-off family economic status (OR = 0.546), good peer relationships (OR = 0.618), and easy to communicate with the father (OR = 0.756) were the protective factors of physical violence behaviors. For female students, easy to communicate with her mother (OR = 0.358) were the protective factors of physical violence behaviors., Conclusion: For male and female students, the prevalence of school physical violence and its related factors were different. Actions on prevention against physical violence behaviors should be fully considered, including factors as gender, personal characteristics, family, school and peers etc.

Objective: To explore the association between age and variables of semen in Chinese males with normal fertility., Methods: The population size under study would consist of 946 fertile male volunteers from 6 provinces of China, aged between 20 and 59. Semen quality was analyzed by hand on site and background information was obtained through structured questionnaire. Trend chi-square test and multiple linear regression methods were used and 95%CI were calculated to serve as reference value of semen variables of different age group., Results: The normal percent of motility and living sperm declined significantly while the ascending of age, they were 55.7% and 97.3% in age < 30 group when compared to 21.9% and 90.3% in the age 50 - 59 group respectively. Under control of confounding factors as for center and abstinence time, all semen variables except semen volume were significantly different among the age groups. Sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility and normal morphology sperm decreased significantly after age 40 while percentage of living sperm decreased after age 50 - 59 group. Sperm concentration among the 50 - 59 year-old group appeared to be lower than the 40 - year-old group., Conclusion: The influence of age must be taken into account when evaluating the quality of semen.

Objective: To observe the short and mid-term therapeutic effects of Bi-polar ablation systems for intraoperative treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: From March 2005 to January 2007, 91 patients received intraoperative treatment of atrial fibrillation with Bi-polar ablation systems, including 5 cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 86 persistent/permanent cases. The main concomitant heart diseases were rheumatic mitral valve diseases. Atricure Dry Ablation System was used for 37 cases and Cardioblate Irrigated Ablation System for 54 cases. The ablation lesion patterns included Cox-maze III, Modified Cox Mini-maze and Left-sided Maze., Results: Mean ablation time was (14.1+/-6.7) min. No ablation-related complications occurred. Three patients died perioperatively. Two patients had permanent pacemaker implantation 3 months after operation. One case suffered from stroke and lower limb thrombosis 2.5 years after operation. Follow-up lasted for 6 to 29 months. The none-AF rhythm were 62.5%, 85.2%, 79.0% and 74.5% at discharge, 3 months, 6 months, and>or=12 months respectively. Compared to Uni-polar Ablation therapy group, the restoration of sinus rhythm in Bi-polar group were significantly higher at 6 months and>or=12 months postoperatively. The latest follow-up results indicated that 100% of preoperative paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients restored sinus rhythm and 75.3% of persistent/permanent patients were free from atrial fibrillation. The none-AF rhythm of Atricure group (81.1%) showed no difference from the Cardioblate (77.5%). Meanwhile there were no significant differences among the three ablation lesion groups., Conclusion: Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation with Bi-polar systems is a feasible, safe and highly effective surgical option compared to the Uni-polar ablation technique.

Fucoidan is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds, with a wide variety of biological features, especially the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan related to its capacity to interact with the selectin or scavenger receptor on the cell membrane. Fucoidan can also inhibit the synthesis and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as promote its clearance, showing the anti-oxidative activity.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of a new video-assisted minimally invasive surgery for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: From December 2006 to October 2007, 57 patients who were 56.4 years old in average underwent the video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac operation for AF, and there were 40 male patients. Thirty-eight patients were paroxysmal AF, 7 patients were persistent and 12 patients were long-standing persistent. Three patients had failed catheter ablation, and two patients had preoperative permanent pacemaker implantation. All patients went under the minimally invasive procedure. Intraoperative electrophysiological mapping were performed., Results: Mean operation time was 3.5 h. One patient was confirmed of left auricle thrombus, and one received concurrent epicardial cardiac resynchronization therapy during the procedure. There were no perioperative deaths. Acute respiratory failure occurred in 1 patient and acute heart failure in 1 patient after operation. Sixteen patients had electrical cardioversion after operation and during follow-up. At discharge, 78.9% (45/57) of all patients were in sinus rhythm (84.2% for paroxysmal AF, 71.4% for persistent AF, 66.7% for long-standing persistent AF). The patients were followed-up by 1 to 10 months. At 1 month after operation, overall 64.3% (36/56) were in sinus rhythm (67.6% for paroxysmal AF, 57.1% for persistent AF, 58.3% for long-standing persistent AF). At 3 months, overall 83.9% (47/56) were in sinus rhythm (86.5% for paroxysmal AF, 85.7% for persistent AF, 75.0% for long-standing persistent AF). At > or = 6 months, overall 87.0% (20/23) were in sinus rhythm (89.5% for paroxysmal AF, 75.0% for persistent AF). No thromboembolic event was observed during follow-up period., Conclusion: The video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery proves to be safe, less traumatic, and presents optimistic early outcomes for paroxysmal AF patients.

Objective: This study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of thoracoscopy video assisted minimally invasive bilateral pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation., Methods: From December 2006 to April 2007, thorascopy video assisted off-pump epicardial pulmonary vein isolation was performed in 20 patients with atrial fibrillation. All patients were either refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic drug therapy or already experienced unsuccessful catheter-based ablation. The procedure includes 21 cm ports for the thoracoscopic camera and ablation device, and a 5 cm working port on each side of the chest wall. Bilaterally pulmonary vine were isolated by using an stricure(TM) bipolar radiofrequency device. LAA was removed by using a Johnson & Johnson EZ45G stapler. Intraoperative pacing and sensing was used to confirm bidirectional block of the ablation lines., Results: The procedure was successful in all patients. Nineteen patients were in sinus rhythm immediately after the surgery and 1 patient was still in AF rhythm post surgery and converted to sinus rhythm by electrical conversion in the operation room. One patient was reintubated because of low SaO2 and 1 patient received IABP for LV failure. Mean operation time was (130 +/- 25) min and average hospital stay was (8.0 +/- 3.8) d. 3-months follow up was finished in 12 patients at after the surgery and 10 patients were free of AF (10/12, 83.3%), 6-months follow up was finished in 3 patients and all in sinus rhythm (3/3, 100%)., Conclusion: Our results suggested that thoracoscopy video assisted minimally invasive bilateral pulmonary vein isolation is a safe, feasible and effective technique for treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To observe the spores germinating process of Cibotium barometz, and understand the growth principle provided for experience for indoor culturing and further research., Method: The spores of C. barometz were cultured both in inorganic medium and in the soil from original habitat, and the whole process of spores germination and the development of gametophytic were observed under microscope., Result: The spores germinated about 1-2 weeks after being sowed, and the type of germination belonged to Vittaria-type. The prothallial plates formed in 25 days after being sowed, while hairs developed after the formation of the prothallial plate. The gametophyte formed about 40 days after being sowed. But the type of mature prothalli was cordate. The antheridia formed in 60 days after inoculation, while the archegonia developed in 10 days after the formation of antheridia., Conclusion: Soil based indoor culturing of C. barometz spores is practical and can be used for cultivation of C. barometz.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined endocardial and epicardial saline-irrigated radiofrequency modified maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: During a period of 3 years, 295 patients with AF having concomitant cardiac surgery underwent the procedure. Patients underwent either the endocardial and epicardial group (n=185) or the endocardial group (n=110) radiofrequency ablation. There were 124 males, 171 females with a mean age of (52 +/- 11) year old. Mean duration of preoperative AF was 36 +/- 43 months. And about 90.8 percent valve pathology was rheumatic. Valve operation was performed in 289 patients, coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 19 patients and congenital heart disease operation in 6 patients respectively. Follow-up for the whole patients ranged from 3 to 47 months (mean 28 +/- 5 months)., Results: Ten patients died postoperatively (3.4%). Four patients died of low cardiac output, five patients died of multisystem and organ failure, one patient died of cerebral hernia. There were 2 patients died of nerves system complication during follow-up. At the end of the procedure 228 patients (77.3%) were sinus rhythm, including 78 patients (70.9%) in endocardial group while 150 patients (81.1%) in endocardial and epicardial group (P<0.05). At late follow-up, 191 of 259 patients (73.7%) were in stable sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm was present in 64 patients (66.0%) in endocardial group while 127 patients (78.4%) in endocardial and epicardial group (P<0.05). Histopathology of the endocardial group revealed foci coagulative necrosis was limited to the endocardial side. While endocardial and epicardial ablation had full-thickness alteration of atrial tissue besides ill defined borders and inflammatory cell infiltration., Conclusions: Combined endocardial and epicardial saline-irrigated radiofrequency modified maze procedure was performed safely and efficiently. And it restored sinus rhythm better than endocardial ablation only.

Objective: To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of low dose (1000 U/m(2)) L-asparaginase (L-Asp) in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)., Methods: Six patients were treated with low dose L-Asp after previously suffered severe side effects from standard dose L-Asp (5000 - 10,000 U/m(2)). Twenty-eight blood samples were obtained randomly from 5 of them. Plasma asparagine concentration was detected by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)., Results: All the patients treated with low dose L-Asp showed no any toxic symptoms. The plasma asparagine levels in the patients were all above 5 micromol/L except case 4 (4.91 micromol/L) before receiving L-Asp, and were all decreased below 0.5 micromol/L five days after receiving low dose L-Asp, except case 3 (3.70 micromol/L), the results being like that of receiving standard dose L-Asp., Conclusion: Low dose L-Asp has definite efficacy for childhood ALL, while avoids serious side effects from standard dose L-Asp.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the activity of Escherichia coli asparaginase (L-asp) and the concentration of asparagines (ASN) in the plasma of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children receiving L-asp containing chemotherapeutic protocol to explore more reasonable usage of L-asp in the treatment of childhood ALL., Methods: L-asp containing hemotherapy regimen of VDLP was used, in which L-asp (10,000 U/m(2)) was administered intravenously every other day for 10 doses in 15 children with ALL. A total of 340 peripheral blood samples were collected at scheduled time points during the therapy and plasma L-asp activity (by spectrophotometric assay) and asparagines concentration (by RP-HPLC) were measured., Results: During the administration of L-asp, the plasma L-asp activity was increasing gradually peaked after eight doses and then decreased gradually, while the plasma concentration of asparagines maintained in complete or nearly complete depletion status. After the therapy courses finished, a plasma L-asp activity above 100 U/L with asparagines almost complete depletion status was lasting for about seven days., Conclusion: The current L-asp containing chemotherapeutic protocols in which L-asp was administered in a dose of 10 000/m(2) intravenously every other day, are efficient enough for the depletion of plasma ASN.

The Keriyans live in the center of the Taklamakan desert of Xinjiang Province and they have never married with outsiders. Nobody knows clearly how they immigrated here and who was their origin. The mtDNA hypervariable segment I sequences were sequenced in 75 Keriyans. Seventy-one unique HVS I types were identified, varying at 68 nucleotide positions. Nucleotide diversity and the mean pairwise differences of Keriyan are intermediate between those reported for Eastern and Western populations. Keriyan's low Tajima's D statistics and bell-shaped pairwise-difference distributions can be interpreted as the hallmark of an ancient population expansion. Phylogenetic analysis shows Central Asian populations occupy a position intermediate between the Eastern and Western populations, moreover, the Keriyan presents shorter genetic distances to Xinjiang Uighur and Uighur in other places than to other populations.

Rapid determination of DNA damage by micronucleus test is well accepted. Animal bone marrow cells or human peripheral lymphocytes used in most studies could not directly reflect the influence of the mutagenic effect on the offsprings by environmental factors. Human chorionic villi micronucleus test to detect directly the mutagenic effect of environmental factors has not been reported in the literature. Direct determination of human chorionic villi micronuclei (CVMN) was established in our laboratory, to study the mutagenic effect of mother's age, gravidity, gestation age, abortion history, contraception (condom, diaphragm, rhythm, oral contraceptives, spermicide or IUD), smoking and drinking on the offsprings. Cross investigation and micronucleus test were used in 507 couples undergoing artificial abortion. Micronuclei were scored according to Countryman's standard 2,000 interphases were observed in each subject for CVMN frequency (%). Arcsine transformation (arcsine [Sqr (P)]) was used in transforming CVMN frequency and the analysis of variance were used for statistics. No correlation between CVMN frequency and mother's age, gravidity, gestation age, abortion history, and contraception was found. Neither smoking nor drinking habit was found among the women of this study. The CVMN frequency of husband smoking was 0.7645 +/- 0.0561%, of husband non-smoking-drinking was 0.5522 +/- 0.0616%, of husband drinking was 0.5667 +/- 0.2004%, of husband smoking and drinking was 0.7944 +/- 0.0754%. There was a statistical difference in CVMN frequency between husband smoking and non-smoking (F = 2.78 DF = 408 P less than 0.05). No significant difference was found between husband drinking and non-drinking.