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Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important part of the marine ecosystem, the oceanic waters have unique biodiversity and rich fishery resources. Therefore, efficient and accurate detection of the oceanic fish diversity is an important prerequisite for the utilization and management of fishery resources. However, traditional capture-based survey methods have certain limitations. eDNA technology can be used as an important supplement to traditional survey methods due to its characteristics and advantages such as wider application scenarios, more prominent cost effectiveness, higher detection sensitivity, finer species resolution, and lower taxonomic order bias. It has a broad application prospect in the far-reaching oceanic fish diversity monitoring and fishery resource survey. This paper summarizes the current status of eDNA in the study of fish diversity and its application advantages and challenges in the study of oceanic marine fish diversity. Meanwhile, combined with the environmental characteristics of oceanic waters, we further discuss the application potential of eDNA in the study of fish diversity in the oceanic waters and possible challenges. The relevant content can provide a systematic scientific reference for further research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon market serves as a crucial policy tool in the pursuit of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. It holds significant importance in driving the innovation of green and low-carbon technologies in China, facilitating the realization of nationally determined contributions, and bolstering China's global leadership in climate action. The core function of the carbon market is carbon pricing, which can only be effective and achieve various objectives like carbon emissions reduction and sustainable development when carbon costs are reasonably constrained. Environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and incentive effectiveness are three important dimensions to evaluate the effectiveness of the carbon market, and the absence of any one of the three may lead to ineffective carbon cost constraints. To achieve environmental effectiveness, it is necessary to set an ambitious cap, and gradually introduce and increase the proportion of paid allowances; to achieve cost effectiveness, it is necessary to expand the coverage of the carbon market and reduce transaction costs; to achieve incentive effectiveness, it is necessary to maintain the stability of carbon prices and gradually increase carbon prices to expand the scale of carbon asset pools. Environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and incentive effectiveness, the three important dimensions to evaluate the effectiveness of the carbon market, are also three significant goals to construct the institutional system of the carbon market. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to coordinating and realizing environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, and incentive effectiveness, while considering implementation timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to develop a multi-objective distant-water fisheries survey scheme that balances survey cost and effectiveness. Based on the survey data from 2021 to 2023 in Northwest Pacific Ocean, the relative abundance distribution of Scomber australasicus, Scomber japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus was simulated using Kriging interpolation, and assume relative resource as their 'true' values. The effectiveness of the Simple random sampling (Design 1), Systematic sampling (Design 2), Stratified random sampling based on stratum area size allocation method (Design 3), and Stratified random sampling based on fishery resource biomass allocation method (Design 4) was assessed through computer simulation. Two indicators, Relative estimation error (REE) and Relative bias (RB) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the assessment effects, and the number of sampling stations was selected using the Accuracy change rate (ACR). The results showed that the estimation accuracy of the four sampling designs were different. In general, Design 4 had the highest accuracy, followed by Design 3, Design 2 and Design 1. The REE values of target species abundance index estimation of Design2 fluctuated with the increasing number of sampling stations. Design 4 exhibited higher accuracy in estimating the abundance index of S. japonicus, S. melanostictus and the total fishery resources. However, Design 4 demonstrated an overestimation in estimating the abundance index of Chub mackerel. Using Design 4 for simulated sampling, and considering all objectives, the optimal number of sampling stations could be set at 28. In conclusion, the Stratified sampling method (Design 4) can be prioritized as the survey station design approach for the Northwest Pacific Ocean fishery resource survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and medical therapy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis in Chinese patients over 70 years old. Methods Based on the data of different out- comes of asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients who were followed up by CEA and drug therapy for 10 years, a Markov mod- el was established to simulate the cost-effectiveness of the two treatments for 10 years. The outcome index was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which was the ratio of increased cost to increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the thresholds of ICER and willingness to pay (WTP) were compared. In this paper, scenario analysis was carried out, and uncertainty test was carried out by single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis. Results In the basic case analysis, the patients who received CEA could get 7.53 QALYs, the corresponding cost was 67 079.61 yuan and 31 982.38 yuan, and the ICER was 129 435.97 yuan / QALY, which was lower than the threshold of WTP. In scenario analysis, the ICER was 127 946.82 yuan / QALY and 240 283.17 yuan/ QALY, respectively. The annual mortality of patients after CEA, the operation cost of CEA, and the perioperative mortality after CEA had great influence on the fluctuation of ICER. Conclusion According to the economic evaluation recommendation of WHO, the increased cost of CEA compared with drug therapy is acceptable for Chinese patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis over 70 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of indobufen combined with ticagrelor versus aspirin combined with ticagrelor for antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Markov model was used to simulate the economic outcomes of patients treated with indobufen + ticagrelor and aspirin + ticagrelor for antiplatelet therapy after PCI. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) was set as the effectiveness measure, the total costs, total effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ( ICER) of two treatment regimens were calculated. RESULTS: Over a 10-year time horizon, the total cost of indobufen + ticagrelor was 172 292. 28 yuan, while the total cost of aspirin + ticagrelor was 169 950. 51 yuan. The QALY gained with indobufen + ticagrelor and aspirin + ticagrelor were 6. 540 and 6. 335, respectively. The ICER of indobufen + ticagrelor to aspirin + ticagrelor was 11 472. 09 yuan / QALY, lower than per capita GDP in China. These results suggested that indobufen+ticagrelor is significantly better than aspirin+ticagrelor in cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of the study were robust and reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the study indicate that indobufen + ticagrelor is more cost-effectiveness than aspirin + ticagrelor under the current economic conditions in China, and can be used as the first selection of antiplatelet therapy for patients after PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: From the perspective of health system in China, to evaluate the economical efficiency of abiraterone in first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( mCRPC ) without previous chemotherapy treatment. METHODS: The partitioned survival model was used to predict lifetime disease course of mCRPC, efficacy and safety data were derived from COU-AA-302 trial. Cost data were came from local data. Results were expressed in terms of cost, quality-adjusted life year (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The uncertainty of the model was analyzed by single factor and probabilistic sensitivity. RESULTS: At present, for mCRPC patients who had not previously received chemotherapy, 0. 26 more QALYs were obtained in the abiraterone group than in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) group, with an ICER of 587 430 yuan / QALY. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ADT regimens, abiraterone can significantly extend the life years of patients with mCRPC and improve the quality of life, yet the corresponding medical costs will increase. Abiraterone does not have an economic advantage in the treatment of mCRPC at a willingness-to-pay of three times China’s GDP per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Xueshuantong injection ( lyophilized) (XIL) combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris ( UAP ), so as to provide therapeutic and economic reference for the rational allocation of healthcare medical resources. METHODS: From the perspective of health system, a decision tree model for the treatment of UAP was constructed based on the evaluation results of one Meta-analysis, the intrinsic advantages and economic value of XIL were identified by cost-effectiveness analysis, with the intervention cycle for 14 days, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted on the results of this study. RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group (conventional therapy), the efficacy of angina pectoris symptoms in the observation group (XIL+conventional therapy) was significantly better, and the results were more homogenous. The basic analysis results of pharmacoeconomic evaluation showed that the incremental costeffectiveness ratio of the two groups was 3 289. 11 yuan, indicated that compared with the control group, the observation group needed to spend 3 289. 11 yuan more for each additional case of effectively treated UAP patient. When the individual willingness-to-pay price was greater than 3 289. 11 yuan, the intervention regimen of observation group had more economical efficiency. The sensitivity analysis showed that the efficacy of angina pectoris symptoms and the conventional therapy cost of UAP in the control group had a certain effect on the study results. When the individual willingness-to-pay price was greater than 3 000 yuan, the intervention regimen of observation group had a higher economic probability, which is the same as the result of basic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of improving the angina pectoris symptoms in UAP patients, the choice of XIL combined with conventional therapy was more economical than conventional therapy alone when the individual willingness-to-pay price was greater than 3 000 yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the stochastic frontier gravity model， the impact of environmental regulation distance on the efficiency of OFDI and the moderating effect of bilateral economic relation as well as the technical efficiency were explored. The result showed that the regulation distance environmental is negatively associated with the efficiency of OFDI， investment flows from high-environment-regulated countries to low-environment-regulated countries based on cost effectiveness， and investment flows from low-environment-regulated countries to high-environment-regulated countries based on innovation effect. When the bilateral economic relations are tight， the greater two countries' environmental regulation distance， the lower efficiency of OFDI. Meanwhile， China's efficiency of OFDI in different countries and regions is heterogeneous， and it interacts with location selection. Investment efficiency is higher in the developing countries， less developed regions and some developed countries. Efficiency in Asia and Africa is relatively higher when compared to Europe. Therefore， suggestions are provided including reducing the distance of environmental regulation， improving the efficiency of China's OFDI， and selecting reasonable investment locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To screen risk factors related to visual acuity and visual field defects in patients with Cushing's disease, and based on risk factors to analyze health economics. Methods A total of 416 patients with Cushing's disease admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August 1994 to December 2019 were included. Objective examination of visual acuity and visual field was used as the dependent variable, while gender, age, duration, blood glucose, blood pressure, hormone level, eye swelling, imaging features, and main complaint of visual acuity and visual field were used as independent variables. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors related to visual acuity and visual field defects, and cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and cost-benefit ratio (CBR) were analyzed based on risk factors. Results Among 416 patients with Cushing's disease, 143 (34.38%) complained of abnormal visual acuity and visual field, including 59 cases of blurred vision, 11 cases of impaired visual field, 41 cases of blurred vision combined with impaired visual field, 13 cases of blurred vision combined with impaired visual field, 3 cases of impaired visual field combined with impaired visual field, and 16 cases of all three symptoms. There were 102 cases (24.52%) with abnormal visual acuity and visual field test, including 44 cases of visual loss, 39 cases of visual field defect, and 19 cases of visual loss combined with visual field defect. Logistic regression analysis showed the increased systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.016, 95%CI: 1.002-1.030; P = 0.025) and abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (OR = 14.000, 95%CI: 7.918-24.754; P = 0.000) were risk factors for visual acuity and visual field defects. According to the analysis of health economics, the CER of the whole group was 393 926.53, which was 6.56 times higher than that of the patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (60 057.93). The CBR was 4.08, which was 2.25 times higher than that of patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints (1.81). Conclusions Cushing's disease patients with abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints are more likely to have abnormal visual acuity and visual field. Therefore, taking abnormal visual acuity and visual field complaints as an indication for visual acuity and visual field test of Cushing's disease patients can improve the detection rate and reduce the waste of health and social resources, which is not only clinically [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive is the property of Electric Drive Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economical efficiency of Shexiang Baoxin pills, compound Danshen dropping pills and Naoxintong capsules in the treatment of stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. METHODS: Based on the perspective of health system, a decision tree model was constructed, and cost-utility analysis was used to conduct pharmacoeconomic evaluation on Shexiang Baoxin pills, compound Danshen dripping pills and Naoxintong capsules in the treatment of stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. RESULTS: Compared with the Shexiang Baoxin pills group, the incremental cost-utility ratio of the Naoxintong capsules group regimen was 3 501 593. 41, which was greater than 3 times the GDP per capita, so that the Shexiang Baoxin pills group regimen was more economical; compared with the compound Danshin dropping pills group, the Shexiang Baoxin pills group regimen was less costly and more effective; therefore, the Shexiang Baoxin pills group regimen was the most economical. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with compound Danshin dropping pills and Naoxintong capsules, the Shexiang Baoxin pills has more pharmacoeconomic advantages in the treatment of stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of adding PD-1 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced, relapsed or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Based on four first-line phase III clinical trials of advanced ESCC: JUPITER-06, ESCORT-1st, ORIENT-15 and KEYNOTE-590 studies, Treeage Pro 2011 was used to establish traditional Markov model. The Markov model included three states: progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) and death. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to evaluate the economic benefits of treatment strategies. The sensitivity analysis was employed to further validate the above listed results. Results: The total cost of toripalizumab-chemotherapy group, camrelizumab-chemotherapy group, sintilimab-chemotherapy group, pembrolizumab-chemotherapy group and placebo-chemotherapy group were 66 327.58, 63 473.64, 62 268.18, 295 515.26, and 32 753.79 yuan, respectively. The utility values were 0.648, 0.605, 0.673, 0.585, and 0.536 QALY, respectively. Among them, the ICER value of sintilimab-chemotherapy group was 217 018.13 yuan/QALY, which was lower than the Chinese willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold (242 928 yuan/QALY), and it was a comparatively acceptable treatment strategy. Sensitivity analysis showed that the discount rate and the cost of sintilimab had the greatest influence on the model. Conclusion: Under the current economic situation in China, sintilimab combined with chemotherapy is an acceptable first-line PD-1 inhibitors immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of advanced ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the economical effect of zoledronic acid and ibandronate sodium in the treatment of patients with bone metastases of malignant tumors. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 86 cases of bone metastases of malignant tumors in × Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022, of which 46 cases were treated with zoledronic acid (group A) and 40 cases were treated with ibandronate sodium (Group B), compare the pain control effect, adverse reactions and the SF-36 score between the two groups, and summarize the cost of the two treatment options, and use the principles of pharmaco economics to conduct a cost-utility analysis. Results: The pain control rate in group A was 82.61%, which was not statistically different from 85.00% in group B (P>0.05); after treatment, the physiological function (PF) and physiological function (RP) in the SF-36 score of the two groups, body pain (BP), general health (GH), social function (SF), mental health (MH), emotional function (RE), and vitality (VT) were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), but the group There was no statistically significant difference between groups (P>0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions in group A and group B was similar, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); the drug cost (C1) and total cost (C) of group A were respectively (4052.50±80.50) yuan and (4453.87±123.56) yuan, which were higher than (2025.50±70.15) yuan and (2395.44±109.17) yuan in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); group A cost- The utility ratio (CUR) was judged by the SF-36 scale to be 4189.94, and that of group B was 2829.17. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness and economy of the drug, the use of ibandronate sodium in the treatment of bone metastases of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A network slice survivability algorithm based on multiple link failures is proposed to ensure the continuity of user services when underlying network multi-link failed. By distinguishing the types of services carried on slices, the physical nodes are sorted according to the importance of the nodes and mapped when the request of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication Slice arrives. Then the faulty link adopts the algorithm of multiple backup paths. The paths that consume the least bandwidth resources are selected to remap the failure links in sequence to ensure service continuity on the slice. When the request of Enhanced Mobile Broadband Slice arrives, the breadth first search node mapping algorithm is adopted to recover the faulty link through multiple backup paths. Simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the average mapping success rate of slice, ratio of long-term average benefits to costs, physical link utilization rate, failure restoration rate, and shorten the average failure restoration delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian statistics is an approach for learning from evidences as it accumulates, combining prior distribution with current information on a quantity of interest, in which posterior distribution and inferences are being updated each time new data become available using Bayes' Theorem. Though frequentist approach has dominated medical studies, Bayesian approach has been more and more widely recognized by its flexibility and efficiency. Research and development (R&D) on anti-cancer new drugs have been so hot globally in recent years in spite of relatively high failure rate. It is the common demand of pharmaceutical enterprises and researchers to identify the optimal dose, regime and right population in the early-phase R&D stage more accurately and efficiently, especially when the following three major changes have been observed. The R&D on anticancer drugs have transformed from chemical drugs to biological products, from monotherapy to combination therapy, and the study design has also gradually changed from traditional way to innovative and adaptive mode. This also raises a number of subsequent challenges on decision-making of early R&D, such as inability to determine MTD, flexibility to deal with delayed toxicity, delayed response and dose-response changing relationships. It is because of the above emerging changes and challenges that the Bayesian approach is getting more and more attention from the industry. At least, Bayesian approach has more information for decision-making, which could potentially help enterprises achieve higher efficiency, shorter period and lower investment. This study also expounds the application of Bayesian statistics in the early R&D on anticancer new drugs, and compares and analyzes its idea and application scenarios with frequentist statistics, aiming to provide macroscopic and systematic reference for all related stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background--The forest felling quota management system has reversed the situation of excessive consumption of forest resources and made contribution to the protection of ecological resources and environment. Existing researches mostly focus on the two subjects of rent-seeking behaviors, forestry authorities and forest resource managers, and pay less attention to the performance of duties and supervision of supervisors. The analysis of the cost and benefit between forestry authorities and forest resource managers is mostly based on completely rational assumptions, ignoring the consideration of the uncertainty caused by psychological heterogeneity. (2) Methods--Combining the prospect theory and game theory, based on uncertainty and bounded rationality hypothesis, established on game relation among the regulatory departments, the forestry administration and operators, rent-seeking behavior problems under the forest felling quota management system were researched, the game proceeds perception matrix among them was built, and the three mixed Nash equilibrium was solved, so that the players in the whole process of revenue perception and game decision-making are always based on the assumption of bounded rationality. (3) Results--Under the forest felling quota management system, the forestry administrations chose not to seek rent, but made administrative intervention on the cutting license with public power, so the rent-seeking behavior would not occur. Similarly, if the forest resource manager chooses not to seek rent, the rent-seeking behavior cannot occur. Therefore, the condition of rent-seeking behavior is that the rent-seeking income of forestry administrations and forest resource managers is equal to or greater than that of non-rent-seeking income. Whether rent-seeking or not, the forestry administrations and forest resources operators depends on its probability of regulatory oversight and the subjective judgment of regulatory success probability. The subjective judgment not only influenced by the force of punishment of rent-seeking behavior, the rent of rent-seeking behavior and the extra income, also affected by degree parameters of loss aversion effect and diminishing marginal sensitivity in prospect theory. Whether the supervision department will conduct supervision depends on the subjective judgment of the forestry administration on the probability of rent-seeking and its own probability of supervision success. And the subjective judgment is subject to the government's regulatory costs, the force of punishment for rent-seeking behavior, to the judgement of rent and extra income in the rent-seeking behavior of forestry administrations and forest resource managers, as well as the influence of the forestry administration of normal income. Regulators about its regulation ability and the judgment of the rent-seeking behavior also affect its regulatory policy. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions--In the rent-seeking behavior of forest felling quota management system, there is uncertainty in the decision-making judgment of regulators, forestry administrations and forest resource managers, so the rent-seeking behavior in forest felling quota management system is a decision behavior with uncertain risk. And as the occurrence of rent-seeking behavior is rooted in the omission of forest felling quota system, in order to fundamentally restrain the rent-seeking behavior in the application process of forest felling license, we must rearrange the system to avoid the distorted allocation of forest felling quota, resulting in the loss of social benefits. It is concluded that the possibility of rent-seeking behavior can be decreased from three aspects: perfecting the forest felling quota management system, establishing and perfecting the supervision mechanism, improving the practice standards of forestry administrations, and strengthening the construction of professional ethics. On this basis, accurate and scientific prevention of rent-seeking behavior can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Returning straw to land (RSL) is an important technological means to realize straw resource utilization and improve soil quality. However, the adoption rate of RSL in China is still quite low due to the cost-benefit, technological risk, and other factors. Therefore, it is important to empirically evaluate the impact of RSL based on farm household data. Based on field survey data of the 711 corn planting plots of 463 farming households in Heilongjiang, Henan and Sichuan provinces, this article analyzed the cost-benefit of RSL using the Inverse Probability Weighting with Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) method. The results showed that: 1 RSL could save costs and increase the benefits of corn production. RSL made the average fertilizer cost per mu decrease by RMB 11.9 yuan, the labor cost per mu decrease by 1.2 days, the yield per mu increase by 23.5 kg, and the benefits per mu increase by RMB 55.9 yuan in total. 2 RSL had more obvious lag effects on cost-saving and benefit improvement for large-scale farmers and farmers with technology training. Compared with ordinary farmers, the adoption of RSL by large-scale farmers would reduce the labor cost per mu by 1.4 days, increase the yield by 31.3 kg, and increase the benefits per mu by RMB 65.9 yuan. The benefit increase (RMB 87.8 yuan) of RSL by farmers with technology training was higher than those without technical training (RMB 71.5 yuan). Based on the results, this study suggests that the government should promote RSL by giving farmers the long-term effect of RSL instead of its effect in the same period, and the promotion should be more focused on large-scale farmers with technology training and demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous expansion of grid-connected wind power has brought considerable challenges to power system's stable operation. In response to the increasing demand for SR, a method using EV as SR scheduling is proposed. This study analyzes and simulates the charging and discharging characteristics of EV, and uses cost-benefit analysis to establish an objective function that minimizes the sum of system power generation costs, backup costs, and EV dispatch costs. The EV in V2G mode is stimulated through Monte Carlo simulation. With consideration of the time-of-use price strategy, the optimal charging and discharging period is determined, and the EV charging and discharging curve in V2G way is drawn. Based on the SR provided by thermal power units, different scenarios are divided based on whether the EV participates in scheduling as an SR. Finally, through the comparative analysis of the total operating cost and the probability of load loss of the units in different scenarios in the calculation example, the scientificity and feasibility of EV as SR scheduling are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the application of prognostic and health management（PHM）technology in civil aircraft maintenance engineering，this paper discusses the design of predictive maintenance mode based on PHM，and puts forward the analysis process of initial maintenance task considering PHM and the implementation method of predictive maintenance mode based on PHM. Taking B737NG air conditioning system as an example，the validation research is carried out，the PHM model of air conditioning system based on data drive is established，the PHM maintenance mode of air conditioning system is designed，and the maintenance cost under planned maintenance mode and predicted maintenance mode is compared and analyzed based on historical operation data. The results show that the maintenance mode based on PHM can both cancel some regular inspections，and reduce unplanned maintenance events through early monitoring，so as to reduce the life‑cycle maintenance cost of civil aircraft system. Cost benefit analysis shows that compared with traditional planned maintenance，PHM maintenance can reduce the cost by more than 40%. Further popularization and application to other systems of the whole machine will bring greater economic and safety benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) is the property of Journal of Southeast University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To provide systematic guidance on resource recovery from domestic wastewater in rural areas, our study reviewed the techniques of resource-oriented toilet use and conducted a cost-benefit analysis combined with life cycle assessment to reveal the economic and environmental benefit of toilet systems under seven different scenarios（A：traditional water closed latrine; B1~B2：resource-oriented toilet, recovery from urine only; C1~C4：resource-oriented toilet, recovery from both urine and feces, i. e. black water）. The result showed that scenario B1~B2 were similar to scenario A considering the economic benefit whereas economic net present value of scenario C1~C4 were higher than that of scenario A（CNY 7.296 × 105 ; CNY 4.965 × 105 ; CNY 5.228 × 105 ; CNY 2.405 × 105 separately）. Moreover, the environmental benefits of scenario C1~C4 were higher than those of scenario A considering all studied impact categories except terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The conclusion indicates that the toilet system resource recovery in both urine and feces has more economical and environmental benefits than the toilet system of only recovering resource in urine and the traditional water closed latrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic principles and the current status of development of fail-safe design and energy dissipation were introduced, and the energy consumption of energy dissipation structures with fail-safe layers was analyzed based on the seismic energy analysis of structures. The fail-safe design and energy dissipation theories were used to effectively dissipate seismic energy and improve the seismic resistance of structures. The models were established by SAP2000 software to analyze the seismic resistance of structures. The results show that in terms of seismic resistance and cost effectiveness, the energy dissipation frame structures with double columns have superior performance, and the double-column design can effectively reduce inter-story displacement and cost. A single damper can absorb a large amount of seismic energy and reduce the energy consumption of primary structural members to ensure the bearing capacity of structures and avoid the safety hazards due to the double-column arrangement on floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the cost-benefit analysis of peramivir sodium chloride injection in children with influenza virus type A pneumonia. 96 children with influenza virus A pneumonia admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected, who were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, each group had 48 cases, group A were given Oseltamivir phosphate granules, group B were given Peramivir sodium chloride injection, the treatment effect, clinical symptoms disappearance time, stay length, medication cost, cost-benefit in two groups were compared, the blood routine and liver and kidney function before and after treatment were compared in two groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. The effective rate of treatment in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). The average drug cost of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P<0.05), and the cost-benefit of group A was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the total number of neutrophils was significantly increased, and the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly decreased in two groups after treatment (P<0.05). Before and after treatment, there were no statistical significance in blood routine indexes of two groups (P>0.05). Before and after treatment, there was no statistical significance in liver and kidney function of two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in group B was higher than that in group A, but the comparison between groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with Oseltamivir phosphate, Peramivir sodium chloride injection has better efficacy in the treatment of children with influenza virus type A pneumonia, while the cost-benefit was low, and medication could be selected according to the actual situation of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Philosophy is the property of Research Center for Humanities & Social Sciences, Academia Sinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. The five-year survival rate is 19.7%, which seriously threatens human health. Lung cancer screening is an effective measure to reduce lung cancer mortality. Existing studies have shown that screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce lung cancer deaths by 20%. Currently, lung cancer screening is recommended internationally and nationally. Studying the development status of lung cancer screening helps us to identify the high-risk groups of lung cancer, explore reasonable screening programs, improve the cost-effectiveness of screening and reduce the economic burden. Therefore, this article summarizes the current status of lung cancer screening, the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening and the existing problems as follows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer which represents characteristics of a heavy disease burden, a large proportion of advanced lung cancer and a low five-year survival rate is a threat to human health. It is essential to implement population-based lung cancer screening to improve early detection and early treatment. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that screening with low dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) may decrease lung cancer mortality, which brings hope for the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. In recent years, great progresses have been made on research of lung cancer screening with LDCT. However, whether LDCT could be applied to large population-based lung cancer screening projects is still under debate. In this paper, we review the recent progresses on history of lung cancer screening with LDCT, selection of highrisk individuals, management of pulmonary nodules, performance of screening, acceptance of LDCT and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An incomplete approach for charge completeness not only results in increase of costs and decrease in productivity, but also affects the patient safety. The purpose of this project is to improve the approach for charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery. Before the improvement program, the charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery was 63.5%. After analyzing the current status, we found that there was low levels of the overall knowledge about charge completeness, the staff with unaware/unfamiliar with the pricing, the pricing project lacked specialty, and less charge completeness education courses. The improvement approaches included: establishment of charge assisting tools such as "template for demand charge", "charge of easy and convenient," and establishing an audit team, providing specialized education. After the improvement program, the approach for charge completeness of nurses in plastic surgery increased to 95.3%. The program not only improved the nurses' knowledge about charge and charge completeness, but also promoted the patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Efficient handover is essential to ensuring high levels of caring quality and patient safety. In our psychiatric acute ward, it was noticed that there were many valueless tasks being performed during the nursing handover process that negatively affected efficiency. Purpose: To apply lean management principles to improve the nursing handover process in the psychiatric acute ward. Resolution: In order to find the rightful solution, our task team analyzed the problem using the Value Chart of Lean Management and detected that the handover process was slowed down by motion, waiting, and defects. According to the rules of lean management, group discussion, decision making, and the cost-benefit matrix, we proposed improvement solutions including visual stocktaking, adjusting handover patterns, switching the handover location, and systematizing nursing handover procedures. Results: The time required for stocktaking was shortened from 5 to 2 minutes (60% improvement). The waiting time was shortened from 114 to 49.6 minutes (56.6% improvement). The efficiency of the handover process increased from 66% to 90%. Conclusions: Applying lean management principles helped detect critical problems and reduce waste, which enhanced efficiency, improved handover, and helped maximize nursing value and benefit in an increasingly complex environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the key point and difficulty of BIM application to build the model accurately and quickly and apply it to the production management process. Taking the related structural modeling and application of Dalian Bay Subsea Tunnel as the research object, we summarized the application experience of using Civil 3D surface editing, road modeling and adaptive assembly to realize rapid model creation, accurate engineering quantity statistics, batch cross-section generation and other applications. Practice has proved that this solution can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of modeling, simplify the operation difficulty, save labor cost and improve the effectiveness of technical management. It can be used for reference for BIM modeling and deepening application in similar engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban inundation prevention effect of "sponge city" has not fully achieved the expected objectives Basic research on the subject is relatively inadequate. To address this issue, this study examined the construction mode of urban inundation control systems in sponge cities, including the source control system (SCS), municipal drainage network system (DNS), and over standard storm water storage and drainage system (OSS). The functions of the SCS, DNS, and OSS were quantified based on the local rain pattern in Tongzhou, Beijing. Under a 50-year rainfall event (339. 85 mm/d), the design rainfalls of the SCS, DNS, and OSS were 34. 00 mm, 130. 70 mm, and 175. 15 mm, respectively. Urban inundation control mechanisms were revealed by using a Gaussian function. The evaluation process of the urban inundation control function was transformed into a process of estimating the parameters of the Gaussian function. A method of optimizing the urban inundation control system is proposed for sponge city construction based on a cost-benefit analysis. The effectiveness of urban inundation control, the life cycle cost, and the covered area are adopted as decision indicators, while the maximization of cost-benefit per unit area under different scenarios is adopted as the objective function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soochow Journal of Political Science is the property of Soochow Journal of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A method for using the effective damage area to set up the test site is proposed to collect the enough effective damage data in the equipment battle damage test. A solving model for effective damage area is established,and a concept of generalized damage area and task-based equipment functional damage probability is proposed. For the solution of generalized damage area,the physical damage modeling and simulation methods are studied,including fragment damage effectiveness model,equipment description model for fragment damage simulation,equipment fragment damage response model and equipment damage simulation process model. For the solution of equipment functional damage probability,the establishment method and steps of equipment damage simulation model are analyzed. A concept of equipment damage injection is proposed,and the implementation methods and steps of damage injection are analyzed. The simulated results show that the proposed method for solving the effective damage area of equipment is feasible and effective,and has great practical significance to optimize the design of battle damage test program and reduce the cost-effectiveness of test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, with the continuous development of Chinese agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization, the traditional household biogas has been gradually replaced by more efficient medium and large-scale biogas system. Medium and large-scale biogas system can provide biogas as stable and clean cooking energy for rural residents depending on centralized utilization of agricultural organic wastes. It has a good impact on the indoor and outdoor environment in rural areas, and is in line with the requirements of the transformation of China’s rural energy structure. Further, it is a new trend for the development of rural energy in China. In this paper, the cost-benefit analysis method is used to quantify the economic and environmental benefits of these medium and large-scale biogas systems investigated by the author. Then, according to the internal rate of return (IRR) of each original system, these original systems is divided into three levels: the first level system-the better economic benefit (the IRR is greater than the discount rate 0.08), the second level system-the general economic benefit (the IRR is less than the discount rate 0.08, but more than 0), the tertiary level system-poor economic benefits (the IRR is less than 0). After considering the scale, benefits, conditions and the necessity of optimization of different levels of systems, the optimization measures are formulated to meet the needs of reality in different levels. The results show that: 1) The environmental benefit of the original system before optimization is generally good. Among them, carbon emission reduction is the most significant. In order of project scale from large to small (Baishuzhuang community, Nanan community, Tianma community, Shangzhai village, Shiyang village, Lianwang village, Yuepu village, Yezhao village, Xiaoguoyuan village), carbon emission reduction can reach 269 427.94, 230 788.18, 237 299.61, 231 344.26, 103 604.36, 81 050.29, 79 047.68, 90 434.88, 36 584.20 kg per year, respectively. 2) There are great differences in economic benefits before optimization, and the internal rates of return are as follows:-7%, -3%, -3%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 7%, 14%, 12%, which shows that the larger the scale is, the more uneconomical it is. 3) With the discount rate of 0.08 and the 0 as the stratified points, the original system is divided into three levels to optimize according to the internal rates of return of each system. 4) In the first-level system, the economic benefits of the two projects (Yezhao village and Xiaoguoyuan village) are already good. After optimization, the economic benefits decreased by 1.50% and 1.51%, respectively, but the carbon emission reduction increased by 112.88% and 134.43%, respectively. The overall optimization results are remarkable. 5) In the four projects (Shangzhai village, Shiyang village, Lianwang village, Yuepu village) of the second-level system, because the internal rate of return is more than 8%, the economic benefits are upgraded from general to good. In addition, the environmental benefit increased by 88.16%, 100.02%, 103.22%, 109.09%, respectively. The optimization effect is also remarkable. 6) In the third-level system (Baishuzhuang community, Nanan community, Tianma community), the internal rate of return of most projects becomes positive after optimization, and the economic benefits are upgraded from no to general, while the environmental benefit increases by 116.36%, 123.92% and 101.19%, respectively. The overall optimization results are good. 7) The main measure of optimization is to cut down the operating cost, but the reality is more complicated, so the local conditions should be adapted to local conditions, and the optimization measures should be chosen flexibly. 8) Those large-scale systems need to actively refer to the national biogas project construction plan and strictly control the cost when building it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of cost effectiveness of esomeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer patients. Methods: A Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 220 cases of gastric ulcer patients who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from September 2014 to January 2018 was performed. According to different treatment drugs, they were divided into the observation group (120 cases) and the control group (100 cases), the control group was treated with omeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin, and the observation group was given esomeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin, both groups were continuously treated for 2 weeks. The cost of treatment, effect of treatment, occurrence of adverse reactions and cost effects were compared between two groups, the factors affecting the cost effectiveness of esmeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer patients were analyzed. Results: The cost of completing the treatment cycle in the observation group and the control group were 567.14± 48.23 yuan and 551.49± 45.61 yuan respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The total effective rates of observation group and control group were 95.83%(115/120) and 82.00%(82/100) respectively, which was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions, such as constipation, abdominal distention, nausea and odorness, were 8.33% (10/120) and 11.00%(11/100) in the observation group and the control group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The values of C/E and Δ C/E in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of disease, ulcer diameter and adverse reactions were the main factors influencing the cost effectiveness of Esomeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer (P<0.05). Conclusion: The cost effect of esmeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer is good, and it does not increase the occurrence of adverse reactions. The main factors that affect the cost effect are the course of the disease, the diameter of the ulcer and the adverse reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising cost of health care has raised concerns about the provision of “ineffective care,” “inefficient care,” and “unwanted care” in many countries. “Low-value care” has received attention because it can increase the cost of health care, cause physical and mental harm to patients, including iatrogenic harm, and reduce the availability of high-value health care services. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of low-value care can, therefore, reduce the incidence of unnecessary treatments and their accompanying costs. This paper reviews the contexts in which low-value care occurs and investigates the manner in which clinicians, patients, and health care systems contribute to the prevalence of low-value care. This paper also discusses the effect of low-value care on patients and health care providers. Finally, we summarize the current status of policies and interventions aimed to curb the provision of low-value care in several countries to illuminate potential targets for policy interventions and solutions to reduce the provision of lowvalue care in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemotherapy may induce peripheral neuropathy, which often results in the chemotherapy dose being reduced or the chemotherapy regimen being stopped. At present, there are no treatment guidelines for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Glutamine is one of the treatment strategies currently applied in practice. This strategy is expensive and lacks clear evidence as to its efficacy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of oral glutamine on CIPN in cancer patients. Methods: PICO (population- intervention- comparison- outcome) was used to focus the problem: P: cancer patient; I: glutamine, L-glutamine; C: usual care; O: alleviate, reduce, improve, and prevent. Databases searched included Airiti Library, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PubMed. Three randomized clinical trials and two quasi-experimental designs were evaluated using evidence-based appraisal. Results: Four studies used 30 g/day of glutamine either at the beginning of chemotherapy or at 24 hours after the beginning of chemotherapy. The shortest duration for taking glutamine was four days and longest duration was two months. The incidences of CIPN-induced pain were significantly different (risk ratio = 0.26; 95% CI [0.09, 0.70], Z = 2.65, p = .008) between the intervention and control groups. The incidences of CIPN grading, numbness, and muscle weakness were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. From an economic point of view, the clinical efficacy of taking glutamine does not justify the additional daily cost to the patient of NT$500 (about US$17). Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Because of the small sample size, minimal effects of glutamine, and no significant decrease in risk, we do not suggest routinely using oral glutamine to prevent or reduce CIPN symptoms in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of library customized reports has always been one of the intractable problems that library managers urgently seek to solve. Similarly, library automation system manufacturers are bruised on this issue, not only the high cost of development services, but also the frequent changes in demand. The problem is still difficult to have by a cost-effective solution. In recent years, ExLibris has developed an add-on system Aleph Reporting Center (ARC) for its library automation system Aleph to provide Aleph customers more than 100 pre-defined statistical reports. However, such reporting systems only support specific automation systems, and cannot fully meet the customized needs of libraries'. Data warehouse technology has been quite mature since the 1970s. Most database management systems such as SQL Server also provide tools to support the establishment of data warehouses. Considering the cost-effectiveness and the demand elasticity of customization, this study proposes the data warehouse application model of libraries to solve the above dilemma. The application model proposed in this research, the system environment is constructed by Microsoft SQL Server, EXCEL; design and development are mainly accomplished by the librarian and system librarian. This study concludes with a practical case to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]