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It is a key problem to be solved urgently in the current agricultural production and resource utilization in China, to reduce the content of heavy metals in the environment matrix and its bioavailability by transforming the heavy metal from higher-activity form to less active form. Patent literature is the most effective carrier of technical information. This article took the passivation technology invention patents as research object, and made a bibliometric analysis of 95 patents on passivation of heavy metal disclosed by the State Intellectual Property Office of China. The number of patents on heavy metal passivation technology kept increasing, and entered a period of rapid growth after 2014. Beijing was the main application area. Soils, municipal sludge and livestock manure were the three key application fields. Most studies were pot experiments or batches of composting experiments. The inorganic passivating material mainly reduced the effective concentration of heavy metals in the soil by chemical reactions and adjusting the pH of the soil. Organic passivation technology reduced the water soluble and exchangeable components of heavy metals and reduced their bioavailability and mobility, by chemical actions with heavy metals to form insoluble metal-organic complex, to increase the amount of soil cation exchange. The passivation of microbes was related to the redox environment. The passivating effect of different passivating agents on different heavy metals was different, and the combination of different passivating agents also had a great influence on the morphology of heavy metals. Therefore, large-scale applications faced great difficulties in practice. With the aid of materials science, it still needs further study to refine the efficient adsorbent screening and improve the separation technology.