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Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the effects of molding process on the macroscopic performances of cement stabilized gravel, based on two kinds of gradation of skeleton compaction and suspension compaction, eight kinds of cement stabilized gravel were prepared by four kinds of processes: static compaction molding with forced mixing, vibratory compaction with forced mixing, static compaction molding with vibratory mixing, and vibratory compaction with vibratory mixing. Furthermore, the macro-performances of cement stabilized gravel were investigated by adopting the 7 d unconfined compression test, the 28 d single-axis penetration test, the 7 d warming shrinkage test, and the 7 d drying shrinkage test. The underlying microscopic mechanism of the macroscopic property variation of the cement stabilized gravel was analyzed by combining with the microscopic means of scanning electron microscope. The results show that the mechanical properties of cement stabilized gravel with skeleton dense grading under vibration mixing and vibration compaction process are optimal, and its 7 d unconfined compressive strength and 28 d uniaxial compression modulus are improved by 169. 5% and 97. 2%, respectively, compared with that of forced mixing and static compression molding. The vibration mixing vibration compaction techniques can improve the macro performance of cement stabilized crushed stone in terms of promoted the cement hydration product generation, perfect structure, and elevated overall uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pressed PBX was widely used in modern high-efficiency damage weapon warheads due to their excellent detonation and mechanics properties. The continuous changes in the future combat environment and strategic requirements were diving the development of pressed PBX towards high quality, high safety, and efficient molding and manufacturing. Thus, the current research status and problems facing the pressed PBX in molding quality and performance control, compression molding safety, and automatic manufacture were summarized herein. Firstly, the research progresses in the control of forming quality and performance of PBX was explored, including the evolution law and density inhomogeneity of explosive particle densification, damage evolution mechanism and interface performance control, residual stress detection and control. Furthermore, the compression molding safety of PBX and the current research status in digital and automatic manufacture were analyzed and discussed. Finally, based on the analysis of the current research progresses, the future development trends and challenges in the field of PBX compression molding were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forced sweat cooling of porous media is an effective way to solve the problem of thermal protection of the leading edge of hypersonic vehicles. The pore structure and performance of porous media have a significant impact on its cooling effect and reliability. Therefore，it is very important to prepare porous materials that meet the requirements of forced sweat cooling. Herein，Ti6Al4V pre-alloyed powders were used as raw materials，and porous Ti6Al4V samples with different open porosity were prepared by compression molding combined with high-temperature sintering. The effect of the sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructures，phase compositions and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. The results show that increasing the sintering temperature and prolonging the holding time will reduce the open porosity of the material. When the open porosity is high，the pores in the material are connected and the seepage rate is high，while the sample strength is low. When the open porosity is low，large pores in the sample are reduced and the seepage rate decreases，but the strength becomes higher. The porous Ti6Al4V sample with an open porosity of 21.8% shows the best comprehensive performance. When the porous Ti6Al4V sample is used as active thermal protection material，it can withstand flame ablation with an average heat flux of 2.5 MW/m2.

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, pine powder and thermoplastic starch (TPS) were used as the main raw materials, PE as the adhesive, AKD as the modifier, and the effects of different pine powder content, molding temperature, holding time, and molding pressure on the main mechanical properties of pine powder/TPS composites were studied by response surface Box-Behnken experimental design method. Meanwhile, the molding process was analyzed and optimized. The results showed that the optimum molding parameters of pine powder/TPS composite were: pine powder content of 42%, molding temperature of 151 °C, molding pressure of 14 MPa, and holding time of 11.2 min. The bending strength, tensile strength and impact strength of the pine powder/TPS composite prepared under this condition were 15.7 MPa, 7.41 MPa, and 3.43 kJ/m², respectively. The error with the predicted value of response surface was within 6%, and the reliability of the response variable predicted by this model was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the shield muck in the mudstone stratum of Chengdu area, using cement as the solidification agent, fly ash as the active reinforcement material, and fine sand as the grading material, the mudstone muck unburned brick was prepared by pressing and molding, and was cured for 14 days in a concrete standard curing room. Using the compressive strength as an indicator, the effect of different mixing ratios on the compressive strength of the unburned brick was studied. The results show that the ratio of cement to fine sand has a positive linear relationship with the compressive strength of unburned bricks; Fly ash cannot be replaced with cement in an equal amount to improve compressive strength; When the mix design is 58% slag soil, 22% cement, 15% fine sand, and 5% fly ash, the compressive strength and softening coefficient of unburned bricks meet the MU15 grade requirements of JC/T422--2007 "Non fired Rubbish Gangue Bricks", and the appearance quality basically meets the specification re¬quirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to explore the compression forming of greening substrate bricks, covering the raw material preparation, pressing procedure, bricks characterization, finite element method (FEM) simulation, and the parameter optimization. 1) Raw material preparation: The rice straw was crushed by the grinder to mix with the cow dung. The aerobic fermentation was adopted to be completely decomposed the materials. Among them, the premixed materials was hold by hand and molded for reserve. Polyacrylic acid sodium, insecticide and fungicide were mixed to dissolve as the premixed liquid. The premixed materials and liquid were mixed in the proportion for the raw material of greening substrate bricks. 2) Pressing procedure: A pressing process of three-layer composite was utilized to make the greening substrate bricks. Among them, three layers was in the middle, including the upper and lower matrix layer, as well as the greening substrate layer. The greening substrate brick was made and dried below 60 ℃ for the subsequent transportation and storage. 3) Bricks characterization: The physical properties were characterized for the greening substrate bricks after molding and drying. Specifically, the bulk density, the total porosity, and the aeration porosity were 0.62 g/cm³, 63.09%, and 27.78%, respectively. The material properties of greening substrate brick were fully met the needs of plant growth, such as the bulk density and porosity. The physical and chemical indexes were within a reasonable range (pH=7) to balance the nutrition of greening substrate brick. 4) FEM simulation: A three-dimensional numerical model was established, where the materials to be compressed and naturally stacked in the forming mold were selected as the research objects. A systematic investigation was made to determine the variation in the stress along the height during compression and extrusion at different times. The distribution of compression stress was found: the extrusion pressure and friction force, the inner wall of the forming die produced the radial pressure on the material. The material was first extruded from the upper and outer layers to the central layer, and then flowed to the lower layer. 5) Parameter optimization: A pore channel model was constructed to determine the internal pore connectivity and dynamic water migration during compression. A pore channel and a skeleton were included, where the former was a solid matrix bonded and wound by the rice straw and cow dung, while, the pore channel included the channels and blind channels with the divergence and permeability. The compression molding of greening substrate brick was divided into the loose, compaction, pressure maintaining, combined with the pore channel model. It was verified the relationship between the pore coefficient ratio of the model and the porosity of the greening substrate brick after molding with the different holding time, indicating that the holding time posed an important influence on the compression molding. The longer the holding time was, the better the compression molding and molding stability were, particularly with the reduced total porosity. 6) The optimal molding process parameters of greening substrate brick were achieved using the single factor test method. Specifically, the moisture content of materials, compression time, compression stress, and cow dung mass percentage were taken as the experimental factors, whereas, the drying time, water absorption after drying and destructive strength were taken as experimental indexes. An optimal combination was achieved, where the moisture content was 60.4%-80.8%, the compression stress was 0.17-0.33 MPa, the compression time was 2-4 min, and the mass percentage of cow dung was 20%-40%. A four-element quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was designed for the variance analysis and response surface analysis using Design-Expert 12.0 and Excel 2016 software. The optimal parameters were as follows: the moisture content of material was 75.7%, the compression stress was 0.29 MPa, the compression time was 2.5min, the mass percentage of cow dung was 30%, the drying time of greening substrate brick was 656.9 min, the water absorption after drying was 74%, and the destructive strength after drying was 11.8 N. The forming and cultivation tests were conducted to verify the optimal parameters. The germination rate of greening substrate brick was maintained at 88%, and the number of repeated water absorption was more than 50 times. The plant grew well and the root system was developed, which met the requirements of normal growth and development of plants. This finding can provide a strong reference for the production of greening substrate bricks, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural organic wastes for the upgrading of urban greening products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phase change microcapsule/diatomite composite was prepared by using n-octadecane phase change microcapsule as heat storage materials. Phase change microcapsule/diatomite thermal storage plate (TSP) was prepared by compression molding. Differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscope and fourier infrared spectrometer have been used to test and analyze the properties of composite materials. The thermal conductivity of the thermal storage plate was tested, the heat storage and release performance of the thermal storage plate was tested, and its heat storage performance was analyzed. It is concluded that: the melting and solidification temperatures of the phase change microcapsule/diatomite composite material are 25.64°C; and 24.04°C;, respectively, and the latent heat of melting and solidification are 59.51 J/g and 56.97 J/g, respectively. The TSP has obvious hysteresis in the temperature change, and helps to adjust the indoor temperature balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Superhydrophobic coatings with micro-nano hierarchical structure constructed by nano particles usually have a poor behavior in water impact situation. This weakness limits superhydrophobic coatings' outdoor potential applications. A low-acoustic resistance all-organic superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying and compression molding methods with epoxy and PTFE particles. Water impact test was designed according to impact failure mechanism, and then water impact resistance was evaluated and compared with commercial superhydrophobic coatings'. The results indicate that the hydrophobicity reaches peak when coating contains 70% (mass fraction, the same below) PTFE particles, with 164.13° water contact angle(WCA) and 3° water slide angle(WSA). For water impact resistance, the coating with 75% PTFE particles has the best performance, it can keep the WCA at 154.62° after 22.77 ms-1 water jet impact test. And the molding coatings have better performance than sprayings. Besides, the results also show coating's good adhesion and wearability, for example, it can keep the WCA at 150.51° and WSA at 4° after 25-cycle tape peeling test, and keep the WCA at 149.21° and WSA at 9° after 20-cycle wear test.

A substrate of a green roof is the most important element in roof landscaping system. In addition to providing basic functions, such as hydration, nutrition, and physical support for plants, the substrate also requires an excellent water retention capability, in order to enhance rainwater interception, while reduce water evaporation. A fully functional system of a green roof generally includes a planting layer, filtering layer, water storage and drainage layer, moisture-retaining layer, root insulation layer, and an impermeable layer. Complex multi-layer structures are expensive and difficult to construct, while significantly increase the thickness and weight of the tectonic layer, resulting in a substantial building load. This design aims to use the biomass ash as the main raw material supplemented by wheat straw and sludge, thereby to compress them into the bottom reinforcement layer, in order to reduce the complexity and cost of substrate in a green roof. A systematic optimization of binder, formulation ratio, and compression process parameters was utilized to improve the strength of matrix reinforcement layer. Attempts to optimize matrix strength revealed that the Xanthan gum added at a proportion of 4% improved the structural integrity of biomass ash blocks, where the flexural and shear strength increased by 360.9 N (27.98 times) and 355.8 N (32.94 times), respectively, compared with the control group. The lignin addition group showed only minor improvements in the structural integrity of reinforced layer, where the addition of 6% lignin only increased the maximum shear force by 29.5 N and the bending force by 41.6 N. The maximum flexural strength of the matrix reinforcement layer was 93.1 N, and the shear strength was 38.4 N, when the ratio of biomass ash, wheat straw, and sludge was 4:1:1 by volume (the ratio of dry matter mass was 12.42:1:2.14). In the Scheffe ternary quadratic polynomial simulation, the main component influencing the relaxation density was the straw (coefficient 4.2). Specifically, the flexural strength was mainly affected by the biomass ash and straw (coefficient 451), and the shear strength was mainly affected by the straw and sludge (coefficient 197.2). The optimized ratio of biomass ash, wheat straw, and sludge resulting from this simulation was 3:1:1 by volume (the ratio of dry matter mass was 9.31:1:2.14). This ratio was used to optimize process parameters in the subsequent compression test. The orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal parameters for the compression process of the matrix reinforcement layer were a moisture content of 25% in the mixed raw materials, a molding temperature of 80℃, a molding pressure of 120 kN, holding the pressure for 5 min, when heating and drying under 105℃. In this case, an optimal performance was achieved, indicating a flexural strength of 184.6 N and a shear strength of 162.7 N. A field test was conducted to verify the mix ratio of raw materials and compression process parameters of the matrix reinforcement layer. A comprehensive investigation was made to evaluate the influence of binder type, mix ratio, and compression process parameters on the strength of the matrix reinforcement layer. The findings can provide new insightful ideas and an experimental basis to solve the transportation problem of roof-greening substrate, further to promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste, such as biomass ash, and thereby optimize the compression process parameters of the substrate reinforcement layer. Subsequent research can be conducted on the combination process of the reinforcement layer and the planting layer in roof landscaping engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to propose a feasible production technology for the organic fertilizer or soil amendments using the small-scale compost decomposing with local straws and livestock manure. The technical procedure included the straw silkization, material mixing, compression molding, and small-scale compost decomposing. The compost production was transformed from transporting materials to moving equipment, from decomposing and then forming to bagging and then decomposing. The fertilizer production technology can contribute to enhance the local utilization rate of agricultural wastes from small and medium-sized scattered farmers, as well as the mechanization during composting and decomposing effects. The appropriate fertilizer source material ratio and compression ratio were selected under the different material moisture content to prevent water pollution of livestock manure. The special microbial compound agents were added to control the maturity time, and thereby regulate the release of odorous gases. The corn stalks and cow dung were used as fertilizer sources. The seed germination index (GI) was selected as the detection index for the maturity effect of composting. The experimental factors were set for the small-scale compost production, where the key process parameters included the ratio of fertilizer source materials, material moisture content, compression ratio, application amount of microbial agents, and maturity time. A single factor experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate range of experimental factors. A better maturity effect of small-scale compost fertilizer was achieved, where the critical value of applied microbial agent was 0.5‰, the fertilizer source material ratio was 15% to 35%, the material moisture content was 45% to 60%, the compression ratio was 25% to 50%, and the maturity time reached 24 days. A combination experiment of ternary quadratic regression and orthogonal rotation was performed to optimize the influence of key process parameters on the maturity effect of compost fertilizer. A regression model was established between the seed germination index and various factors. The analysis showed that the primary and secondary order for the influence of various factors on the seed germination index was: material moisture content > compression ratio > fertilizer source material ratio. There were significant effects on seed germination index (P<0.05) in the correlation of fertilizer source material ratio and compression ratio, and the correlation of material moisture content and compression ratio. The optimized process parameters were verified by the field experiments. An optimal combination of process parameters was determined to be the application of 1.5‰ microbial bacteria dosage, maturity for 32 days, material moisture content of 60%, compression ratio of 39.50%, and the material ratio of 23%. In this case, the seed germination index of small-scale compost fertilizer reached 96.52%, where the detection of indicators can meet the national standards for organic fertilizer and the requirements of agricultural production, while, the local straw and livestock manure can be nearby used conveniently. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the local compost of organic fertilizer in small scale, further to design the supporting equipment in low-carbon agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seedling blocks contained maize stovers as the main component, added cow manure, inorganic complex, polyacrylate sodium, ferrous sulfate, and other auxiliary materials ground as the substrate for growing seedlings, the seed once pressed molding in the substrate, also could be planted in the planting hole. First of all, the production process for making seedling block based on maize stovers were discussed in this study, regarded the crushed maize stovers mixed with cow dung as premixed materials, polyacrylate sodium and other supplementary material dissolved as premixed liquid to soak of strovers and cow dung, ground into a viscous paste together as matrix material, using homemade compression mold, hot pepper seeds and substrate material compressed into a block together, the final drying to facilitate storage and transportation. The matrix conductivity in the process of the test was no more than 800 μs/cm, or else reduce the concentration of the pre-mixed solution to ensure the seed normal germination. The material characteristics of substrate and nutrition were tested or laboratory analyzed, the determination of substrate materials, pH value of 6.4 was suitable to the vegetation, the unit weight of 0.4 g/cm³, the total porosity of 65.82%, the aeration porosity of 19.16%, the water-holding porosity of 56.66%, in addition to the phosphorus and potassium levels slightly higher, nitrogen, iron, magnesium, and other nutritional elements were in suitable range. In this study, the pressed seedling block was put on the test platform of the WDW-200 compression testing machine, and the stress at the deformation degree of 20% was taken as the destructive strength. Soak the blocks water for more than 2 hours or spray for more than 3 hours, until the mass after absorption was no longer changed, with the mass after absorption minus the mass before absorption divided by the mass after absorption determined the water absorption. According to the test method of seedling block water absorption, the measurement of the expansion rate is the volume difference after and before water absorption divided by the volume without water absorption. By using the Design-Expert 8.06 software and according to the general rotating combination design method, the three-factors quadratic orthogonal rotating combination experiment was selected. The test results showed that the destructive strength of block was significantly higher when the water content was between 15.99% and 22.03% and decreased when it exceeded 30%. The larger compression ratio and the greater destructive strength of block led to the lower water absorption. When the compression ratio was 2.25, the maximum expansion rate was 4.60%, and then gradually decreased with the increase of the compression ratio to a minimum of 2.80%. The compression speed had a certain influence on the destructive strength of blocks, but it was not obvious. The influence on the water absorption conformed to the logarithmic function, and the influence on the expansion rate conformed to the quadratic function. The Orthogonal rotation combination test of the ternary quadratic was carried out to establish the mathematical model between the parameters of water content, compression ratio, compression speed, and water absorption, anti-destruction strength, and expansion rate. The optimized parameter of each index was obtained as follows: water content was 22%, the compression ratio was 2.9, and the compression speed was 90 mm/min. The results of the verification test showed that the seedling blocks met the requirements of seedling raising with good water absorption, destructive strength, and lower expansion rate. Seedling blocks compressed with hot pepper soaked for 2 hours and then micro-sprayed for 7 days, the germination rate reached 95%. The study provided a theoretical basis for the stovers seedling blocks molding process, the design, and optimization of molding machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A numerical analysis program of compression molding for cups has been developed and the method which reduces the forming load was simulated. It was found that the initial shape of the melted object affected the forming load and the forming load for a wide circular sheet having thickness distribution was lower than that for a cylindrical melt lump. We could also confirmed that the blank holder had an important effect to prevent from the dragging of a melted object into the core during the compression process. The seal part of cup was filled with melted resin in a comparatively earlier stage of compression compared with the case of using a melt lump. We could show that a wide circular sheet having a thickness distribution needs a lower forming load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Commonly used dosage forms of fermented Cordyceps powder products are capsules and tablets. The hygroscopicity of the powder,as one of the important parameters in the tableting process,has important effects on the tabletting process of the tablets. How to improve the hygroscopicity of powder is of great significance for the development of new composite particles. Therefore,particle design technology was used in this study to prepare composite particle powder,and its hygroscopicity was compared with fermented Cordyceps powder and physically mixed powder. By preparing three different types of powders,the equilibrium moisture absorption,particle size,scanning electron micrograph,angle of repose,contact angle and compression degree were compared to observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine particle design technology on improving the hygroscopicity of the fermented Cordyceps powder. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture absorption was 21. 2%,19. 6%,14. 5% respectively for the fermented Cordyceps powder,physically mixed powder and composite particle powder; the median diameter was(49. 751± 0. 280),(59. 183± 0. 170),(12. 842±0. 080) μm,respectively; the mode diameter was(185. 479±1. 372),(173. 964± 1. 104),(61. 671± 0. 979) μm,respectively. In the scanning electron micrograph of the composite particle powder,it can be clearly seen that the fermented Cordyceps powder had hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica with a fixed shape and uniform size. The angle of repose was(50. 63 ± 0. 75) °,(49. 25 ± 0. 43) °,(48. 33±0. 84) ° respectively; the contact angle was(7. 4±0. 2) °,(8. 2±0. 3) °,(15. 0±2. 6) ° respectively; and the compression degree was(38. 2±1. 3) %,(35. 8±0. 2) %,(32. 5±2. 6) % respectively. This study showed that after treatment by the vibrating ultrafine pulverizer,the fermented Cordyceps powder particles had obvious and uniform small particle hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica adhered to form a partially wrapped coating structure,which reduced the contact surface of fermented Cordyceps powder with the outside world,thereby reducing the hygroscopicity of the composite particle powder. It further demonstrated that the hygroscopicity of fermented Cordyceps powder can be improved by particle design.