Objective To clarify the epidemic status and the influential factors of osteoporosis (OP) in Xinxiang communities, in order to provide basic information and basis for the intervention of OP. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus was detected in 4280 people in Xinxiang communities using Sahara quantitative ultrasound system (HOLOGIC Co.). A questionnaire survey was performed in all subjects, including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and long-term use of hormones and other drugs which affect bone metabolism. Univariate logistic analysis was performed firstly. Parameters with significant difference (P<0.1) were selected to perform binary logistic regression analysis. OR value and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results (1) The prevalence of OP was 11.7%. It was 8.4% in men and 16.3% in women. The rates of OP and low bone mass increased as the age grew, and females were more vulnerable of OP and low bone mass than males in the same ages. (2) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, drinking, coffee, milk drinking, BMI, regular physical training, and family history of OP were possibly associated with osteoporosis (P<0.1). The further binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, family history of OP, and drinking were risk factors of OP. High education level, regular milk drinking, and physical training were protective factors of OP in men. (3) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, milk drinking, coffee, BMI, regular physical training, and menopausal status and menstruation span were possibly associated with osteoporosis (P<0.1). The further binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, menopausal status, and BMI were risk factors of OP, and delay of postmenopausal, regular milk drinking, and physical training were protective factors of OP. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis increases with aging, especially in women. Family history of OP, aging, and drinking are main risk factors for men. Aging, menopause, and BMI are risk factors of OP in women. Regular milk drinking and physical training are protective factors of OP in both males and females. We should strengthen prevention education in the community, control the controllable factors of OP, prevent and delay the occurrence of OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]