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Residual tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in farmland soils with the application of livestock manure cause risks to the growth of vegetables and soil ecology. Here, pot experiments are carried out using through exogenous addition of different levels of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), to study the physiological toxicity, uptake, and transportation of TCs in lettuce. The subsequent degradation of TCs in soil was also evaluated along with analyses of soil enzyme activity and microbial population dynamics. The results showed that the biomass of lettuce decreased with application of TCs as well as the chlorophyll- a , chlorophyll- b , and carotenoid content. Consequently, net photosynthetic rates were inhibited, and SOD, POD, and CAT increased under the stress imposed by the TCs. With an increase in the level of TC application, uptake by lettuce plants increased while the bioconcentration and translocation factors decreased. When OTC, TC, and CTC in the soil were below 150 mg·kg -1 , the health risk from the edible parts of lettuce was low (HQ<0.1). The TC degradation rate in different soils was ranked in the order of control soil > rhizosphere soil > bulk soil. The OTC degradation rates in the soils were significantly lower than for TC and CTC. TCs (150-1350 mg·kg -1 ) significantly inhibited urease and rhizosphere catalase activity in soil and reduced the number of soil culturable bacteria and fungi.

Pot experiments were carried out to study different levels (0, 50, and 150 mg·kg -1 ) of three tetracycline antibiotics[tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC)] on the growth, concentration of tetracycline antibiotics, and their characteristics of enrichment and transformation in two kinds of vegetables (lettuce and Chinese cabbage). The results showed that the fresh weight of shoots and roots of lettuce decreased by 1.56%-26.84% and 17.36%-51.04%, respectively, when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics compared to the control, while the fresh weight of shoots and roots of Chinese cabbage increased by 3.7%-7.3% and 3.1%-82.2%, respectively. The stomatal conductance ( G s ) and transpiration rate ( T r ) of lettuce and cabbage increased when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics, while the net photosynthetic rate ( P of TC (except for lettuce leaves). The contents of tetracycline antibiotics in the shoots and underground portions of Chinese cabbage were higher than that of lettuce, and higher contents of tetracycline antibiotics in vegetables were found with the CTC treatments. The residual amount of antibiotics in lettuce soil was higher than that in the Chinese cabbage soil, and the highest residual amount in the soil was observed with the OTC treatment. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transport factor (TF) of Chinese cabbage were, respectively, 1.07-7.35 and 1.15-2.25 times that of lettuce. OTC and CTC were more easily concentrated in the two vegetables. Therefore, OTC and CTC may bring a higher ecological risk.n ) of lettuce decreased by 32.43%-82.43% at 150 mg·kg -1 of TC compared to the control. Compared to the control, the activities of SOD in lettuce and cabbage decreased 29.17%-223.12% when exposed to tetracycline antibiotics, and the lowest activities of SOD in lettuce and cabbage were found in OTC treatments. The highest content of MDA in lettuce and cabbage was observed at 150 mg·kg -1 of TC (except for lettuce leaves). The contents of tetracycline antibiotics in the shoots and underground portions of Chinese cabbage were higher than that of lettuce, and higher contents of tetracycline antibiotics in vegetables were found with the CTC treatments. The residual amount of antibiotics in lettuce soil was higher than that in the Chinese cabbage soil, and the highest residual amount in the soil was observed with the OTC treatment. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transport factor (TF) of Chinese cabbage were, respectively, 1.07-7.35 and 1.15-2.25 times that of lettuce. OTC and CTC were more easily concentrated in the two vegetables. Therefore, OTC and CTC may bring a higher ecological risk.

Soil incubation experiment and pot experiment were carried out to investigate the influence of nano zeolite (NZ) and ordinary zeolite (OZ) on the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, concentration of soil Cd, soil Cd fraction and Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage when exposed to different Cd pollution levels(1, 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg -1 ). The results of soil incubation experiment showed that the nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite dose(5, 10 and 20 g·kg -1 ) increased the soil pH and cation exchange capacity, and decreased the concentration of soil exchangeable Cd, while increased the concentration of Cd in carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide, organic matter and residual fraction. The lowest EX-Cd was observed in the high nano zeolite (20 g·kg -1 ) treatment. The soil pH and cation exchange capacity was extremely negatively correlated with the concentration of soil exchangeable Cd( P <0.01),and extremely positively correlated with the concentration of soil Fe-Mn oxide Cd( P <0.01). The results of pot experiment showed that the FDC of exchangeable Cd in soil decreased by 6.4%-63.2%, and the FDC of water-extractable and ethnol-extractable Cd in Chinese cabbage decreased by 2.1%-56% and 11.8%-100% with zeolite application, respectively. Moreover, the reduction effect of nano zeolite on Cd concentration in soil and plant was better than that of ordinary zeolite. The FDC of Cd fraction in shoot of Chinese cabbage showed correlation with the FDC of carbonate Cd and organic matter Cd in soil( P <0.05) when exposed to 1 mg·kg -1 Cd pollution. Moreover, correlation was also found in the FDC of organic matter Cd and residual Cd in soil( P <0.05) under 5 mg·kg -1 Cd pollution.

Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of nano zeolite (NZ) and ordinary zeolite (OZ) on the growth, activities of antioxidant enzyme, Cd fraction and Cd concentration in two varieties of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in the shoot and root of two varieties increased, and the dry weight of shoot and the total dry weight of Chinese cabbage increased by 4.5%-96.5% and 3.4%-88.4%, respectively. The application of zeolite effectively reduced the Cd concentration of shoot and root in the two varieties of Chinese cabbage, and the reduction range increased with the increase of the application amount of zeolite. Under the low Cd condition (1mg·kg -1 Cd), the Cd concentration of edible parts (shoots) in SD4 variety and XJC3 variety decreased by 1.0%-75.0% and 19.5%-68.9% (except the Cd 1 +OZ 5 /OZ 10 processing), respectively. Under the high Cd condition (5 mg·kg -1 Cd), the Cd concentration of the edible parts (shoots) in SD4 variety and XJC3 variety decreased by 7.2%-53.2%(except Cd 5 +OZ 10 processing) and 0.7%-63.0%, respectively. The Cd concentrations of the edible parts (shoots) in tow varieties of Chinese cabbage in the nano zeolite treatments decreased by 10.5%-65.7% compared with the ordinary zeolite treatments. In Cd contaminated soils (1 mg·kg -1 and 5 mg·kg -1 Cd),) the total extraction amount of Cd in the edible parts (shoots) of SD4 variety reduced by 12.4%-68.8% and 13.2%-55.6% (except of Cd 5 +OZ 5 processing), and the total extraction amount of Cd in the edible parts (shoots) of XJC3 variety reduced by 9.4%-71.5% and 3.1%-38.7% (except of Cd 1 +OZ 5 processing), respectively. The application amount of nano zeolite (NZ) and ordinary zeolite (OZ) was more, the reduction range of the total extraction amount of Cd in the edible parts (shoots) of two varieties of Chinese cabbage was greater.

Incubation experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ) levels(0, 5, 10 and 20 g·kg -1 ) on the fraction distribution coefficient (FDC) of Cd and soil CEC at different soil pH (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) when exposed to different cadmium(Cd) levels(1, 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg -1 ), and pot experiment were carried out to investigate the effects of nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ) on the growth, Cd concentration and Cd accumulation of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite decreased the concentration and FDC of exchangeable Cd (EX-F), and increased the concentration and FDC of carbonate(CAB-F), Fe-Mn oxide(FMO-F), organic matter (OM-F) and residual fraction(RES-F) in incubation experiments. At the end of incubation, the FDC of soil exchangeable Cd decreased from 72.0%-88.0% to 2.4%-10.7%. The decreasing effect of zeolite on the concentration and FDC of exchangeable Cd (EX-F) increased with the increase of zeolite, and the decreasing effect of nano zeolite (NZ) was better than that of ordinary zeolite (OZ). During the culture of 28 d, the concentration of different Cd fractions in soil was in order of EX-F>RES-F>FMO-F>CAB-F>OM-F under different pH conditions. Exchangeable fraction Cd was the dominant fraction of Cd in soil during the whole incubation. Soil CEC had significant negative correlation with soil exchangeable Cd (EX-F) ( P <0.01), and significant positive correlation with the concentrations of Fe-Mn oxide(FMO-F) and organic matter (OM-F) in soil( P <0.01). Nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite effectively increased soil CEC, and soil CEC increased with the increase of the pH value of soil in the zeolite treatments. Significant negative correlation was found in soil pH with soil exchangeable Cd (EX-F)( P <0.01). The dry weight of plant tissues in Chinese cabbage increased by 14.3%-131.4% in the presence of nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ), and Cd concentration of shoot and root decreased by 1.0%-75.0% and 3.8%-53.2%, respectively. Higher concentration and accumulation of Cd were observed in XJC3 variety than those in SD 4 variety. Compared with ordinary zeolite (OZ), nano zeolite (NZ) was better in increasing the biomass of Chinese cabbage as well as decreasing accumulation of Cd in Chinese cabbage.

Incubation experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different nano zeolite (NZ) and ordinary zeolite (OZ) levels(0, 5, 10 and 20 g · kg⁻¹) on the change trends in fraction distribution coefficient (FDC) of Cd when exposed to different Cadmium (Cd) levels (1, 5, 10 and 15 mg · kg⁻¹), and pot experiments were carried out to investigate their influence on soil Cd fraction and Cd uptake by cabbage. The results in incubation experiments showed that the application of nano zeolite as well as ordinary zeolite effectively decreased the FDC of exchangeable Cd and increased the FDC of Fe-Mn oxide fraction. The FDC of soil Cd from 0 d to 28 d was deceased at first, then increased and tended to be stable, and finally increased. At the end of incubation, the FDC of soil exchangeable Cd decreased from 72.0%-88.0% to 30.0%-66.4%. Exchangeable fraction Cd was the most dominant Cd fraction in soil during the whole incubation. The results in pot experiment indicated that the application of nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite decreased the concentration and FDC of soil exchangeable Cd, and concurrently the concentration and FDC of Cd in carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide, organic matter and residual fraction were increased. The lowest EX-Cd was observed in the treatment with high dose of nano zeolite (20 g · kg⁻¹). The FDC of exchangeable Cd showed significant negative relationship with the soil pH (P < 0.05), and was concurrently extremely positively correlated with Cd concentration in shoot and root of cabbage (P < 0.01). Soil pH increased by 1.8%-45.5% and 6.1%-54.3% in the presence of zeolite when exposed to 5 mg · kg⁻¹ 1 and Cd, respectively; FDC of exchangeable Cd decreased by 16.3%-47.7% and 16.2%-46.7%; Cd concentration in each tissues of cabbage decreased by 1.0%-75.0% and 3.8%-53.2%, respectively. Moreover, the reduction effect of nano zeolite on soil and plant Cd was better than that of ordinary zeolite. The growth of cabbage was stimulated by low and medium zeolite doses (≤ 10 g · kg⁻¹), while inhibited by high zeolite doses (20 g · kg⁻¹). Compared to ordinary zeolite, the biomass of Chinese cabbage was significantly increased by Nano zeolite, while the exchangeable Cd in soil as well as Cd concentration and Cd accumulation of cabbage were significantly reduced.

Field trial was carried out to investigate the effects of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal single or compound treatment to two varieties of tomato ("Defu mm-8" and "Luobeiqi") on the plant growth, concentrations and accumulations of Cd as well as the impact on microorganisms, enzyme activities, pH and Cd forms in soil when exposed to Cd (5.943 mg · kg⁻¹). The results showed that dry weights of fruit, root, stem, leaf and plant significantly increased by single or compound treatment of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal by 14.1%-38.4% and 4.2%-18.3%, 20.9%-31.5% and 8.4%-10.3%, 13.0%-16.8% and 3.0%-9.5%, 10.7%- 16.8% and 2.7%-7.6%, 14.3%-36.6% and 4.5%-16.8%, respectively. The amounts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes of soil and the activities of urease, invertase, acid phosphatase, catalase in soil were increased by single or compound treatment of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal, and the soil microorganism amounts and enzyme activities significantly differed between the two varieties of tomato and treatments (P < 0.05). Soil pH was increased by single or compound treatment of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal, while the concentrations of EXC-Cd, CAB-Cd, Fe-Mn-Cd and total Cd in soil were decreased, and the total Cd content was decreased by 16.9%-27.8%. Cadmium concentrations in fruit, leaf, stem and root of both varieties were significantly decreased by 6.9%-40.9%, 5.7%-40.1%, 4.6%-34.7% and 9.8%-42.4%, respectively. Cadmium accumulations in tomato were in order of leaf > stem > root > fruit. Comparing the two tomato varieties, Cd concentrations and Cd accumulations in fruit and plant were in order of "Luobeiqi" < "Defu mm-8" in the presence or absence of single or compound treatment of ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of sperm morphology with reproductive hormones in infertile men and the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia., Methods: This study included 90 infertile men aged 25 - 40 years. We measured their testis volumes using the Prader orchidometer, conducted routine semen analyses according to the WHO laboratory standard, and determined the concentrations of reproductive hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by chemiluminescence and the levels of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BioT)., Results: All the subjects showed normal sperm concentration. Based on the results of semen morphology analysis, the 90 infertile men were equally divided into groups 1 (morphologically normal sperm <4%), 2 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 4% and <10%), and 3 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 10%), with no significant differences in age among the three groups (P>0.05). The volumes of the left testis were (14.27 +/- 3.65) ml, (16.90 +/- 3.57) ml and (14.57 +/- 3.57) ml, respectively (P = 0.006 group 1 vs group 2, P = 0.741 group 1 vs group 3, P = 0.014 group 2 vs group 3), and those of the right testis were (14.60 +/- 3.70) ml, (16.60 +/- 3.35) ml and (14.67 +/- 3.54) ml, respectively (P = 0.050). There were no significant differences among the three groups in prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, estradiol, total testosterone and SHBG, (P>0.05). The levels of serum FT were (0.25 +/- 0.07) nmol/L, (0.29 +/- 0.07) nmol/L and (0.31 +/- 0.13) nmol/L (P = 0.086 group 1 vs group 2, P= 0.010 group 1 vs group 3, P= 0.364 group 2 vs group 3), and those of BioT were (5.81 +/- 1.58) nmol/L, (6.78 +/- 1.55) nmol/L and (7.29 +/- 3.02) nmol/L, respectively (P = 0.086 group 1 vs group 2, P = 0.010 group 1 vs group 3, P = 0.364 group 2 vs group 3). The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was positively correlated with the levels of serum FT and BioT (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The higher the levels of serum FT and BioT, the higher the percentage of morphologically normal sperm, which suggests that serum FT and BioT might be involved in the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia.

Objective: To determine the effects of hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL) upon the symptoms of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Methods: Age, body mass index, levels of hormone, lipid, beta-cell function and family medical history of 224 women with PCOS and 30 women with hyperPRL + PCOS were compared., Results: Patients with hyperPRL + PCOS were younger to develop endocrine disturbances, an increased incidence of acne (64% vs 28% respectively), a high level of androstenedione (20 + or - 7 vs 13 + or - 5) nmol/L respectively and prolactine in serum (1492 + or - 1175 vs 367 + or - 164) mIU/L respectively; The PCOS patients were divided into the groups of hyperandrogenism PCOS and non-hyperandrogenism PCOS depending on the serum level of androgen. A higher level of T and A was found in serum in PRL-PCOS than non-hyperandrogenism patients and similar as hyperandrogenism PCOS patients. They had reduced ApoB (680 + or - 230 nmol/L vs 943 + or - 179 mmol/L respectively) and Lpa level (46 + or - 22 nmol/L vs 162 + or - 194 mmol/L respectively) and high HOMA-IR when compared with non-hyperandrogenism PCOS; Patients' sisters with hyperPRL + PCOS had a significantly greater incidence of acne, higher rates of infertility and PCOS when compared with PCOS patients. Levels of other hormones, metabolic profiles and other family histories did not differ between patients with PCOS and hyper-PRL+PCOS., Conclusion: Patients with hyperPRL + PCOS develop the endocrine disturbances at a younger age, a greater incidence rate of acne, level of prolactin and androstenedione, they have reduced ApoB and increased HOMA-IR. Patients' sisters with hyperPRL + PCOS have significantly greater incidence of acne, higher rates of infertility and PCOS as when compared with PCOS patients.