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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. The main clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating, abnormal defecation frequency and character. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, including genetic factors, dietary differences, gut microbiota changes, gastrointestinal infection and brain-gut axis dysfunction. The main way to relieve IBS mainly focus on dietary restriction, including low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet, low advanced glycation end products (AGEs) diet, gluten-free diet and low lactose diet, which can effectively improve abdominal discomfort symptoms of IBS patients. This article summarizes the research status quo of domestic and foreign scholars for IBS in recent years, including the pathophysiological mechanism of IBS, the relationship between dietary patterns and IBS intestinal flora, quantitative detection methods for FODMAPs components and AGEs in food. Food processing technologies are also introduced to reduce the content of FODMAPs and AGEs in food, in order to provide healthy and effective dietary intervention strategies for IBS patients.